CN101667032A - Vision-based target tracking system using unmanned helicopter - Google Patents

Vision-based target tracking system using unmanned helicopter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101667032A
CN101667032A CN200810119586A CN200810119586A CN101667032A CN 101667032 A CN101667032 A CN 101667032A CN 200810119586 A CN200810119586 A CN 200810119586A CN 200810119586 A CN200810119586 A CN 200810119586A CN 101667032 A CN101667032 A CN 101667032A
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target tracking
helicopter
tracking system
vision
unit
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CN200810119586A
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CN101667032B (en
Inventor
赵晓光
谭民
侯增广
曹志强
邓海波
周超
胡勇强
柏猛
王晓东
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Shenzhen Feng Cheng Powerise Technology Co Ltd
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Institute of Automation of Chinese Academy of Science
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Abstract

The invention relates to a vision-based target tracking system using an unmanned helicopter, which relates to intelligent control technology. The vision-based target tracking system using the unmannedhelicopter comprises the unmanned helicopter, a visual acquisition and processing unit, a central processing unit, a GPS unit and a gyroscope inertial navigation unit, wherein the unmanned helicopteris transformed from a remote-control helicopter Thunder Tiger 90 for a model aircraft competition, and can be switched between an automatic driving mode and a manual driving mode; the visual acquisition and processing unit consists of an ICETEK DM642-B embedded DSP board of realtime company; the central processing unit consists of an H9200F ARM board of Hengyi High-tech company; the GPS unit consists of a superstar receiver and an antenna which are produced by America; and the inertial navigation unit consists of a 3DM-GX1 of MicroStrain company. The vision-based target tracking system usingthe unmanned helicopter realizes the functions of vision navigation control and target tracking of the unmanned helicopter within a local scope.

Description

Target tracking system using unmanned helicopter based on vision
Technical field
The present invention relates to Based Intelligent Control and machine vision technique field, it is the target recognition and tracking system that is used for the unmanned rotary wing helicopter based on vision, can pass through vision, improve the ability that depopulated helicopter independent is executed the task, realize local intelligence flight, and realize tracking ground or aerial intended target.
Background technology
The present invention is based on two overall background technology: microminiature helicopter control technology and computer vision technique.Microminiature helicopter control technology is to utilize control theory and sensor technology to realize the autonomous flight of microminiature helicopter, and computer vision technique is to utilize imaging technique that target is discerned technology with measurement target position, motion state information.
A lot of researchs have been launched respectively around microminiature helicopter control technology and computer vision technique at present, but computer vision technique and microminiature helicopter control technology are integrated in the big system, realize unmanned plane autonomous classification target and the function of following the tracks of, the application that improves the intelligent level of depopulated helicopter does not also have at present.The invention solves the integrated of this two big technology, greatly improved the intelligent level of depopulated helicopter.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of system that realizes vision track and local visual navigation for the microminiature helicopter, to realize the automatic driving control and the autonomous target following of microminiature helicopter, support freely switching between remote driving and automatic the driving, realize the Based Intelligent Control of microminiature helicopter.This system is applicable to the local visual navigation and tracking of various remote controlled model plane helicopters, realize the automatic target recognition and tracking of microminiature helicopter, giro, in the scope that artificial may command maybe can limit, the target of automatic identifying operation person's appointment, after vision system captures target, guarantee that ground or aerial target are within the field range of airborne camera, finish the task of autonomous tracking.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention provides a kind of target tracking system using unmanned helicopter based on vision, and it comprises ground control centre and airflight carrier two parts; The ground control centre comprises control computer, wireless communication module, manual controller, is connected for electrical equipment between control computer and the wireless communication module; The airflight carrier comprises depopulated helicopter, center processing unit, visual unit, GPS unit and gyroscope inertial navigation unit, wireless communication apparatus and electric battery, is electrically connected between the each several part;
Wherein, center processing unit comprises embedded computer system, is airborne control center; PGS receiver and aerodiscone antenna, the inertial navigation unit, the altitude gauge sensor, the data that reach the sensor device collection all enter into embedded Control in the heart, carry out data processing by control center, and realize self-navigation;
Be provided with a multichannel switching device shifter in the remote control circuit of depopulated helicopter, this switching device shifter can be realized switching between self-navigation and the manual drive by a passage of ground control computer or telepilot;
Visual unit is provided with camera and image processing apparatus, and image processing apparatus is connected with center processing unit electrical equipment;
Each parts is installed on the undercarriage of depopulated helicopter;
Connect for wireless telecommunications between above ground portion and the airflight carrier part, wireless telecommunications partly comprise the manual drive telepilot and the receiver of depopulated helicopter, the Radio Link that the wireless communication module that automated navigation system provides is set up, and wireless video transmission link.
Described Target Tracking System, the wireless communication module of its described ground control centre and the wireless telecommunications of manual controller are respectively on two frequency ranges, these two frequency ranges are not the frequency multiplication relation, and interference-free to guarantee the communication between the two, the communication frequency of wireless video link is 1.2G or 2.4G.
Described Target Tracking System, its described depopulated helicopter is to transform to form on existing RC Goblin basis, undercarriage changes homemade undercarriage into, has increased the height and the intensity of undercarriage, so that various electrical equipment, electronic installation are installed.
Described Target Tracking System, its described visual unit has image acquisition and processing capacity with after standard camera is connected, and by image processing algorithm, can obtain the locus of target image.
Described Target Tracking System, its described center processing unit is a central controller with ARM9.0, so that realize the function of Navigation Control, data acquisition, data processing and wireless telecommunications, and the image of camera collection is transferred back to ground control computer shows.
Described Target Tracking System, its described GPS unit comprises gps receiver and high-precision GPS antenna, locks at the same time under the situation of 4 above satellites, upgrades locator data with the speed of 1HZ.
Described Target Tracking System, its described inertial navigation unit combines three deflection rate gyroscopes, the three-dimensional accelerometer, three axis magnetometer under the motion state of three 360 degree, can provide the data of angle at Eulerian angle and matrix format.
Outstanding feature of the present invention is to utilize embedded computer system as airborne control center, carries out necessary electrical equipment and machine rebuilding on original remote control model helicopter, makes remote control model helicopter have the function of independent navigation flight, vision track.The machine rebuilding that carries out comprises: the original undercarriage of RC Goblin is removed, be replaced by the undercarriage that is fit to install homer.Electric equipment altering comprises: increased a multichannel switching device shifter in original remote control circuit, this switching device shifter can be realized switching between self-navigation and the manual drive by a passage of ground control computer or telepilot; On RC Goblin, multiple sensors equipment has been installed, comprise PGS receiver and aerodiscone antenna, inertial navigation set, the altitude gauge sensor, the data of these sensor device collections all enter into embedded Control in the heart, carry out data processing by control center, and realize self-navigation; On RC Goblin, the CCD camera has been installed and based on the visual processes plate of DSP, thereby has been realized the vision track and the vision guided navigation of helicopter.
System of the present invention can be applicable to the self-navigation needs of various remote controlled model plane helicopters.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b) are depopulated helicopter vision navigation system synoptic diagram of the present invention; Wherein: Fig. 1 (a) is helicopter and airborne equipment; Fig. 1 (b) is a ground control station;
Fig. 2 is vision track of the present invention and target lock-on system architecture diagram.
Embodiment
See also Fig. 1 (a), Fig. 1 (b), be depopulated helicopter vision navigation system of the present invention, system of the present invention is made up of two parts: a part is helicopter and airborne equipment, referring to Fig. 1 (a); Another part is a ground control station, referring to Fig. 1 (b).Wherein, helicopter and airborne equipment comprise micro helicopter 1, device housings 2, undercarriage 3 flexibly connects 4, device tray 5, altitude gauge 6, embedded controller (comprising multi-way switch) 7, wireless communication module 8, GPS receiver 9, inertial navigation unit 10, electric battery 11, GPS receiving antenna 12, visual unit and wireless video sending module 13, camera and gyro locking device 14, wireless communication module 15; Ground control station comprises ground control computer 16, and terrestrial operation person 17, model copter telepilot 18, wireless video receiver module 19, video conversion module 20.
In helicopter and airborne equipment, the undercarriage 3 of microminiature helicopter 1 is special device, and size is bigger than original undercarriage, so that be fit to install airborne homer and VPU.Airborne homer and visual processes equipment comprise altitude gauge 6, embedded controller (ARM) 7, wireless communication module 8, GPS receiver 9 and gps antenna 12, inertial navigation unit 10, VPU 13, and the electric battery 11 that electric energy is provided for these equipment.Wherein altitude gauge 6, embedded controller (ARM) 7, wireless communication module 8, GPS receiver 9, inertial navigation unit 10, electric battery 11, VPU 13 are installed concentratedly in the shell 2 of an aluminum, and shell 2 plays the effect of protection internal unit when being subjected to external impacts.Undercarriage 3 is connected with helicopter 1 by fixed screw, and the undercarriage bottom has a device tray 5, is used to support Airplane Navigation Equipment.Pallet 5 flexibly connects on 4 set collars that are connected on the undercarriage 3 by four, flexibly connects 4 for rubber strip, and purpose is to reduce high-frequency vibration in the helicopter flight process to the influence of homer.Altitude gauge 6, wireless communication module 8, GPS receiver 9 and inertial navigation unit 10 are connected with embedded controller (ARM9) 7 by serial line interface respectively, and electric battery 11 is respectively the said equipment power supply is provided.
Ground control station mainly is made up of ground control computer 16, wireless communication module 15, wireless video receiver module 19, video conversion module 20, model copter telepilot 18 and terrestrial operation person 17.Wherein wireless communication module 15 is connected with ground control computer 16 by serial ports, terrestrial operation person's direct control ground control computer 16 and telepilot 18, to switch the navigation and the drive manner of helicopter: remote manual control driving or self-navigation are driven, wireless video receiver module 19 links to each other with ground control computer 16 by video conversion module 20, ground control computer 16 is a notebook computer, the video of the camera collection of airborne camera and gyro locking device 14 is input in the notebook computer, for the operator of land station 17 monitoring.
Principle of work of the present invention:
When using system of the present invention to carry out the helicopter self-navigation, at first, start ground control computer and airborne guider by terrestrial operation person, the communication of setting up wireless communication module connects, airborne embedded controller is gathered altitude gauge, GPS, the data of inertial navigation set make GPS lock 4 satellites at least.With the longitude and latitude of Current GPS initial value as the inertial navigation unit.Keyboard and the man-machine interface of operator by ground control computer then is set at the remote manual control drive manner with the drive manner of helicopter, and the manual drive that uses a teleswitch model copter starts the normal flight state that also enters.In the remote manual control driving procedure, airborne homer is noted the flight path and the attitude of helicopter incessantly, and by wireless communication module data is sent in the ground control computer.Next, the operator can switch to automatic navigation mode by the keyboard of ground control computer, and airborne navigator enters the self-navigation control mode.This moment, embedded controller was monitored the instruction of land station on one side, be that helicopter is in floating state on one side, after receiving the given impact point of ground control station, embedded controller is a starting point with the position and the attitude of current helicopter, with the impact point that receives is terminal point, cook up the direction of motion and the speed of helicopter by calculating, and control helicopter arrival impact point.Helicopter arrives after the impact point, enters floating state, waits for the instruction of land station.
When using system of the present invention to carry out the helicopter vision track, at first be that helicopter is in the armed state of hovering, send out the order of vision track then to helicopter by land station, VPU starts in the system at this moment, whether in the visual field of airborne video camera have interested target occur, if do not occur, helicopter keeps floating state if monitoring, if target occurs, helicopter will be followed target travel.In the helicopter tracking target, the image of airborne camera acquisition is sent back to land station by wireless channel, for terrestrial operation personnel monitoring.
In the present embodiment, the thunder tiger 90 type fuel blend helicopters that remote control model helicopter has adopted the U.S. to produce, telepilot is 9 passages, frequency setting is 27MHZ, remote control distance is 1500 meters of radiuses, GPS equipment is that the U.S. produces superstar receiver and aerodiscone antenna, embedded system has been selected the H9200F ARM plate based on the perseverance chin or cheek Gao Ke of ARM9 series A T91RM9200 chip for use, the inertial guidance unit is the compound inertial navigation of 3DM-GX1 unit, vision processing system adopts the ICETEK DM642-B DSP embedded plate based on the realtime company of TI DM642 dsp processor.Ground control computer is an IBM-51R series notebook computer, and wireless communication module is SRWF 506,2000 meters of its communication distances, frequency 430MHZ, 0.5 watt of power, 5 volts of voltages.The wireless video module is the wireless image-sound expert of Bai Tong company, uses the 1.2GHZ frequency range, 12 volts of voltages, power 400 milliwatts.The on-board batteries group has been selected 2 groups of lithium batteries [wherein wireless module and camera use 12V, and DSP and ARM system are 5V] for use.
Use system of the present invention, adopt the configuration that realizes example, verified the validity of system of the present invention by experiment.
The course of work of system is as follows among the present invention: at first by the operator model copter being started and uses a teleswitch is that helicopter is in normal smooth flight state, then by the switching push button on ground control computer or the telepilot, control mode is switched to the independent navigation state, this moment, helicopter was the hovering state, airborne embedded Control center connects the positional information that GPS gathers in the ground control computer of road transmission by wireless telecommunications, and is presented on the display.This moment, the operator can import the coordinate position of impact point and the movement velocity of expectation by ground control computer, helicopter will be with current location as starting point, speed with operator's input is moved to impact point along straight path, arrives impact point and still is in floating state afterwards.Start visual unit then, if there is interested target to appear in the visual field of airborne video camera, helicopter moves with regard to tracking target, if there is not interested target to appear in the visual field of airborne video camera, helicopter still keeps floating state.

Claims (7)

1, a kind of target tracking system using unmanned helicopter based on vision is characterized in that: comprise ground control centre and airflight carrier two parts; The ground control centre comprises control computer, wireless communication module, manual controller, is connected for electrical equipment between control computer and the wireless communication module; The airflight carrier comprises depopulated helicopter, center processing unit, visual unit, GPS unit and gyroscope inertial navigation unit, wireless communication apparatus and electric battery, is electrically connected between the each several part;
Wherein, center processing unit comprises embedded computer system, is airborne control center; PGS receiver and aerodiscone antenna, the inertial navigation unit, the altitude gauge sensor, the data that reach the sensor device collection all enter into embedded Control in the heart, carry out data processing by control center, and realize self-navigation;
Be provided with a multichannel switching device shifter in the remote control circuit of depopulated helicopter, this switching device shifter can be realized switching between self-navigation and the manual drive by a passage of ground control computer or telepilot;
Visual unit is provided with camera and image processing apparatus, and image processing apparatus is connected with center processing unit electrical equipment;
Each parts is installed on the undercarriage of depopulated helicopter;
Connect for wireless telecommunications between above ground portion and the airflight carrier part, wireless telecommunications partly comprise the manual drive telepilot and the receiver of depopulated helicopter, the Radio Link that the wireless communication module that automated navigation system provides is set up, and wireless video transmission link.
2, Target Tracking System as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wireless communication module of described ground control centre and the wireless telecommunications of manual controller are respectively on two frequency ranges, these two frequency ranges are not the frequency multiplication relation, interference-free to guarantee the communication between the two, the communication frequency of wireless video link is 1.2G or 2.4G.
3, Target Tracking System as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described depopulated helicopter, be on existing RC Goblin basis, to transform to form, undercarriage changes homemade undercarriage into, has increased the height and the intensity of undercarriage, so that various electrical equipment, electronic installation are installed.
4, Target Tracking System as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described visual unit has image acquisition and processing capacity with after standard camera is connected, and by image processing algorithm, can obtain the locus of target image.
5, Target Tracking System as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described center processing unit, with ARM9.0 is central controller, so that realize the function of Navigation Control, data acquisition, data processing and wireless telecommunications, and the image of camera collection is transferred back to ground control computer show.
6, Target Tracking System as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described GPS unit comprises 6PS receiver and high precision 16 PS antenna, locks at the same time under the situation of 4 above satellites, upgrades locator data with the speed of 1HZ.
7, Target Tracking System as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described inertial navigation unit, combine three deflection rate gyroscopes, three-dimensional accelerometer, three axis magnetometer, under the motion state of three 360 degree, can provide the data of angle at Eulerian angle and matrix format.
CN200810119586A 2008-09-03 2008-09-03 Vision-based target tracking system using unmanned helicopter Expired - Fee Related CN101667032B (en)

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