CN101665625B - Plastic degrading composition, use of same and plastic and product containing same - Google Patents
Plastic degrading composition, use of same and plastic and product containing same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a composition for use in degradable plastics, which comprises: 1) a visible light catalytic oxidation degradation and thermally catalytic oxidation degradation component which is metal organic compound of a transition metal and accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the composition; 2) an ultraviolet light catalytic degradation component which is a nano transition metal compound which has a particle diameter of between 5 and 100 nanometers and an ultraviolet light catalytic degradation function and accounts for 0.1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the composition; 3) an assisted oxidation degradation component which accounts for 1 to 10 percent of the total weight of the composition; and 4) a plastic basic component which accounts for the balance of the total weight of the composition. The invention also relates to the use of the composition in the production of degradable plastic products and the various degradable packaging or dispensable plastics and plastic products produced by using the composition.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compsn that can be used for the environment-degradable plastic goods with and in the purposes of manufacturing environment degradative plastics goods, also relate to by said composition prepared various can environment degradable packaging field or disposable plastics and plastics.
Background technology
Plastics are as current application one of material the most widely, and its purposes has been penetrated into the every field of national economy all departments and people's lives, yet a large amount of waste plastics has caused " white pollution " because of its non-degradable property.
At present, handle the main method of these " white garbages ",, all inevitably bring secondary pollution and high processing costs like landfill, pyrolysis liquefaction, burning, recovery reprocessing etc.The degradable plastics technology is one of method that is hopeful most at present radical cure " white pollution ".
One Chinese patent application number 200410060617.9 reports utilize nano-TiO
2The method for preparing the sunlight catalytic degradative plastics for photocatalyst.Nano-TiO
2Photochemical catalyst degraded plastic has environmental friendliness, photocatalytic activity is high, nontoxic, cheap and the chemicalstability advantages of higher, but only under ultraviolet light conditions, just has catalytic activity, and the UV-light energy only accounts for 5% of solar radiation, so nano-TiO
2Utilising efficiency to sunshine is very low.
One Chinese patent application numbers 200710115667 and 200510119120.4 has been reported and has been utilized starch and synthesizing polyester to make complete biodegradable plastics.But shortcomings such as having production cost height, processing difficulties, the crisis in food that increases the weight of, bad mechanical property though such degradative plastics can be degraded fully; And be difficult to practicability; Also can't substitute conventional plastic, more can't solve " white pollution " problem that causes by conventional plastic.
One Chinese patent application number 90103240 and 200410065649 reports, the method for adding starch through part in plastic raw materials makes what is called " filled biodegradable plastic ".As far as the type degradative plastics, normally additive degraded, and tangible degraded does not take place in polymkeric substance itself, the more difficult recycling of a large amount of cracked plastics has increased the pollution intractability on the contrary.And the adding of a large amount of weighting materials often reduces the physicals of plastics, makes it be difficult to adapt to the demand in market because of difficult quality and existing plastics compare favourably.
U.S. Pat 005854304 has been reported oxidation-biodegradable plastic of making through the organic acid salt (cobalt stearate, cerium stearate etc.) of containing transition metal in plastic substrate and natural poly-basic organic acid (Hydrocerol A, fumaric acid etc.).The plastics that oxidation-biodegradation plastic makes as one type of comprehensive utilization oxidative degradation and biodegradation technique; Not only overcome photochemical catalysis degradation-labile defect not when unglazed or illumination is not enough; General complete biodegradable plastics processed complex, high, the difficult drawback of promoting of cost have also been overcome; But transition metal ions such as the cobalt that such oxidation-biodegradable plastic contained, cerium can only absorb visible light; The solar radiation utilization ratio is still limited, and because a large amount of small molecules that mixed cause the plastics mechanical property to reduce.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of compsn that under light, heat and biology multiple envrionment conditionss such as (or mikrobes), has the catalyzed degradation function; It can promote the degraded of a large amount of multiple general-purpose plastics (mainly comprising Vilaterm, Vestolen PP 7052, PS, SE, Injecatable EVA Copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer, polyaniline, polyethyleneterephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate etc.) that use on the market, makes its environmentally friendlyization of discarded back.Such compsn not only can be degraded under visible light and heat effect, and under action of ultraviolet light, also can degrade, and also has the mechanical property suitable with conventional plastic of the prior art simultaneously.
To achieve these goals; Contriver of the present invention has carried out a large amount of intensive researchs; The result finds; Through in above-mentioned general-purpose plastics raw material, adding a certain amount of degradation composition, ratio is 0.1-80 (weight percentage), just can obtain various plastic raw materialss and the goods that can degrade in nature (for example conditions such as sunlight, air, humidity, mikrobe) lining.
Among the present invention, term " nano level " means the particulate mean diameter and is no more than 100nm.
Therefore one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of degradation composition that can be used for environment-degradable plastic, and said composition contains:
1) visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition: it is the organometallics of transition metal, and its consumption is the 1-10% of composition total weight;
2) ultraviolet catalytic degraded composition, it be particle diameter between 5-100nm, have the nano grade transition metal compound of ultraviolet catalytic degradation function, consumption is the 0.1-10% of composition total weight;
3) help the oxidative degradation composition, its consumption is the 1-10% of composition total weight; With
4) the plastic substrate composition of surplus.
Another aspect of the present invention be above-mentioned degradation composition make can environment degradable environment-degradable plastic raw material and the purposes in the goods thereof.
Another aspect of the present invention is with above-mentioned degradation composition prepared various environment-degradable plastic raw materials and goods thereof that can environment degradable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparation and the photo of virgin state that do not add the blank sample of multicomponent composite of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the photo after being exposed to the sun 30 days according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparation and the blank sample field of not adding multicomponent composite of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparation and the photo before not adding the blank sample compost of multicomponent composite of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparations and the photo of blank sample compost after 6 months that does not add multicomponent composite of the present invention.
That Fig. 5 shows is big strong No. 1 (on) with strengthen the changing conditions of the ir spectra curve of No. 2 (descending) degradation plastic films greatly with the ultraviolet lighting digestion time.
That Fig. 6 shows is big strong No. 1 (on) with the ir spectra curve of strengthening No. 2 (descending) degradation plastic films greatly with heat aging time changing conditions.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of compsn that is used for environment-degradable plastic, said composition contains:
1) visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition: it is the organometallics of transition metal, and its consumption is the 1-10% of composition total weight;
2) ultraviolet catalytic degraded composition, it be particle diameter between 5-100nm, have the nano grade transition metal compound of ultraviolet catalytic degradation function, consumption is the 0.1-10% of composition total weight;
3) help the oxidative degradation composition, its consumption is the 1-10% of composition total weight; With
4) the plastic substrate composition of surplus.
According to some embodiment preferred, wherein said ultraviolet catalytic is degraded into branch and is selected from nano-TiO
2, at least a in the nano-ZnO, nanometer ZnS, nano-tube/CdS, nano PbS.
According to some embodiment preferred, the consumption of wherein said ultraviolet catalytic degraded composition is preferably the 1-5% of composition total weight.
According to some embodiment preferred, the transition metal as in described visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and the heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition is selected from cobalt, iron, vanadium, manganese, cerium, zinc.More preferably, the organometallics of wherein said transition metal is selected from least a in the naphthoate, caprate, neodecanoate, oleate, stearate, cetylate, lauroleate, 2-ethylhexoate, formate, acetate of cobalt, iron, vanadium, manganese, cerium, zinc.
According to some embodiment preferred, the consumption of wherein said visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition is the 3-8% of composition total weight.
According to some embodiment preferred, wherein said to help the consumption of oxidative degradation composition be the 2-5% of composition total weight.
According to some embodiment preferred, the wherein said oxidative degradation composition that helps is food antioxidant or natural poly-basic organic acid.More preferably; Wherein said food antioxidant is selected from butylated hydroxy anisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, Tenox PG, sodium D-isoascorbate, tea-polyphenol, phytic acid, tertiarybutylhydroquinone, Radix Glycyrrhizae polyphenoils, calcium ascorbate, kephalin, Quicifal, Tyox B, 4-Sucrets, Viteolin, xitix and rosemary extract; Wherein said natural poly-basic organic acid is selected from Hydrocerol A, tartrate, fumaric acid, oxysuccinic acid, 1,3-trimethylenedinitrilo-tertraacetic acid.
According to some embodiment preferred, wherein said plastic substrate composition is selected from Vilaterm, Vestolen PP 7052, PS, SE, Injecatable EVA Copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, polyaniline, polyethyleneterephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.
The present invention also provides the purposes of thing combined according to the invention in the plastics of preparation degraded by environment.
The present invention also provides a kind of plastics, and it comprises the aforementioned present composition.
The present invention also provides a kind of plastics, and it is processed by plastics of the present invention.Preferably, plastics of the present invention are selected from disposable degradable plastic shopping bag or food bag, ambient controlled degradation plastic mulch, disposable Environmental lysis film soft packaging, disposable Environmental lysis film table ware, disposable degradable plastics daily necessities.
Environment degradable compsn involved in the present invention is with other components except that plastic substrate and plastic substrate composition uniform mixing, processes through extruding pelletization (or alternate manner granulation).The present composition is joined in the general plastic raw material, can be made into packaging field or disposable degradable plastics.Can further make degradable plastic product of the present invention by above-mentioned degradable plastics.
Under the nature environment, the degraded effective constituent in the degradation composition will impel the polymkeric substance long-chain to rupture gradually, form the very low small molecules oxygenatedchemicals of molecular weight.These small molecules oxygenatedchemicalss can be absorbed by the mikrobe of occurring in nature, and finally change into carbonic acid gas, water and soil ulmin, thereby reach on the traditional sense the nondegradable plastics purpose of return to the nature circle material cycle system again.
Although be reluctant to accept opinion constraint, the inventor thinks why the present invention can obtain beat all effect, possibly be because the mechanism of (or having both at the same time) one of in following several aspects: 1. adopted the dual degraded of UV-light and visible light among the present invention.Especially, after nanoparticle adds,, make the effect of each light and heat degraded composition superpose mutually, obtain better Degradation because of its polymolecularity; 2. nanoparticle is to the effect of plastics mechanical property enhanced; 3. the common food inhibitor creatively is applied in the plastic degradation process as pro-oxidant; 4. it is controlled that our this compositions of additives has excellent degradation time, adjusts degradation time through the active constituent content in the control master batch and the addition of master batch.
Embodiment 1The component of environment degradable compsn and consumption (weight percentage)---strong No. one greatly
Ldpe resin (Qilu Petrochemical TN26) 90
Nano-TiO
2(Hangzhou ten thousand scape novel material ltds) 2
Cobalt stearate (Jinan Jin Letai chemical company) 6
Butylated hydroxytoluene (Dihua worker company is won in Tianjin) 2
By above-mentioned prescription various raw materials are weighed, and place impeller to stir 1-3 minute.With the above-mentioned compound that stirs, with dual-screw pelletizer group (YD-40A/400-22-44/DZ of Electric Applicance Co., Ltd is full of in the Shantou City, Guangdong Province, length-to-diameter ratio 25:1, respectively extruding zone temperatures is 50-250 ℃, the forcing machine revolution is 25-450 rev/min) extruding pelletization.
Embodiment 2The component of environment degradable compsn and consumption (weight percentage)---strong No. two greatly
Ldpe resin 88
Nano-TiO
21
Capric acid cobalt (Dihua worker company is won in Tianjin) 8
Hydrocerol A (Jinan Jin Letai chemical company) 3
By above-mentioned prescription various raw materials are weighed, and place impeller (Shantou City, Guangdong Province be full of the YD-GH-100A/DZ of Electric Applicance Co., Ltd) to stir 1-3 minute.With the above-mentioned compound that stirs, with dual-screw pelletizer group (length-to-diameter ratio 25:1, respectively extruding zone temperatures is 50-250 ℃, the forcing machine revolution is 25-450 rev/min) extruding pelletization.
Embodiment 3Disposable degradable plastic shopping bag, food bag
The particle that will contain the compsn of embodiment 1 joins in the high density polyethylene(HDPE) (Qilu Petrochemical 6098) in the ratio of 2.0 (weight percentage), and latter's consumption is 98 (weight percentage).
Through uniform mixing, compound inserted (the safe mechanical means SJM-45D of ltd of Shenzhen's prestige, extruder screw diameter 45mm, length-to-diameter ratio 25:1) in the hopper of extruding inflation film manufacturing machine, extrusion-blown modling becomes tubular film (film thickness be 0.01-0.5mm all can) then.Again through printing, stamping-out, heat seal etc., process the packing bag such as degradable plastics shopping bag, food bag of all size.The common shopping bag of its mechanical property and stack pile, food bag is close or increase.Meet the technical requirements of disposable plastic shopping bag, food bag.Its wholesomeness is the requirement of National standard GB9683-88 " food pack hygienic standard " also.Degraded to this kind disposable degradable plastic shopping bag, food bag carry out is tested as follows:
1. film send Tongbiao Standard Technology Service Co., Ltd (SGS) test result
Experiment condition:
According to ASTM G154
Illumination 8h, blackboard temperature (60 ± 3) ℃, 0.89W/ (m
2Nm) 340nm
Condensation 4h, blackboard temperature (50 ± 3) ℃
Exposure duration 72h
Experimental result:
Big strong embrittlement, colour-change is not obvious
Big strong No. two embrittlement, colour-change is not obvious
2. film send the check of national plastic products quality supervision and inspection center, degradation effect accord with Q B/T2461-1999 environment degradable packaging polyvinylidene film technical requirements criterion.
Concrete outcome is following:
After the 120h photodegradation
3. the picture evidence of changing conditions before and after the film degradation
Fig. 1-4 shows film degradation front and back changing conditions.Wherein, Fig. 1 is according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparation and the photo of virgin state that do not add the blank sample of multicomponent composite of the present invention.In Fig. 1,1-2 number is blank sample, and all the other are for adding the product of multicomponent composite of the present invention.Fig. 2 is the photo after being exposed to the sun 30 days according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparation and the blank sample field of not adding multicomponent composite of the present invention.Fig. 3 is according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparation and the photo before not adding the blank sample compost of multicomponent composite of the present invention.Fig. 4 is according to the disposable degradable plastics bag of embodiment 3 preparations and the photo of blank sample compost after 6 months that does not add multicomponent composite of the present invention.
Visible by Fig. 1-4; Blank sample be exposed to the sun through the field 30 days with landfill experiment after still can being kept perfectly property; Obviously fragmentation takes place after the degradative plastics sample then was exposed to the sun 30 days in the open air, the degree of depth degraded and the overwhelming majority takes place after follow-up six months landfills are tested vanish from sight.
Embodiment 4The Environmental lysis film mulch film
With the compsn in embodiment 1 or 2, join in the new LDPE (film grade) (or linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene(HDPE)) by 0.1-10 (weight percentage), the consumption of polyvinyl resin is 99.9-90 (weight percentage).
Through uniform mixing, compound is inserted in the hopper of extruding mulch film unit (the Shandong China hat LD1100-I of stock company), extrusion-blown modling becomes film (film thickness is 0.005-0.025mm) then.The mechanical property of this degradative plastic film, the common ground film of basic and stack pile quite or increase can be used machinery to spread and cover.This degradative plastic film is nontoxic to soil and farm crop, has good environment degradable performance simultaneously, and degradation time does not wait in 1 year-20 days according to the difference of mulch film purposes is controlled, has 20 ± 3 days usually; 45 ± 3 days, 60 ± 5 days, 90 ± 5 days; 120 ± 7 days, 150 ± 7 days, 180 ± 10 days; 240 ± 12 days, 300 ± 15 days, type such as 360 ± 17 days.This degradative plastic film cover in the shop then or can degrade fully in 1 year.
1. the film sample Mechanics Performance Testing before the degraded
Application standard: ASTM D882
| Maximum unit elongation (%) | Maximum, force (N) | |
| Big strong No. one | 907 | 7.2 |
| Big strong No. two | 1038 | 6.3 |
| Blank sample | 914 | 6.1 |
This experimental result proves that before degradation experiment carried out, the mechanical property of adding the plastic membrane product of multicomponent composite of the present invention was superior to or is equivalent to the plastic membrane product that does not add multicomponent composite of the present invention under the equal conditions.
2. ultraviolet lighting senile experiment
Test conditions: sample places ageing oven, and the control blackboard temperature is at 63 ± 3 ℃, and controlling moisture is 65 ± 5%, UV-irradiation 12h every day (be equivalent under the natural condition sun exposure 12 days).Big strong No. 1 (on) be shown in Fig. 5 with the ir spectra curve of strengthening No. 2 (descending) degradation plastic films greatly with the changing conditions of ultraviolet lighting digestion time.
As shown in Figure 5, along with the prolongation of ultraviolet lighting time, be 3400cm in wave number
-1(ν
OH), 1710cm
-1(ν
C=O) locate absorption peak bigger enhancing is all arranged, explain that O-H and the content of C=O in the film sample obviously increases, main polymer chain begun the to rupture short chain molecule of kinds such as generating carboxylic acid, ketone.
After the illumination 15 days, obvious crackle appears in film.
2. heat aging experiment
Test conditions: sample thin film places brown wide-necked bottle, and steady temperature is at 70 ℃.Big strong No. 1 (on) be shown in Fig. 6 with the ir spectra curve of strengthening No. 2 (descending) degradation plastic films greatly with heat aging time changing conditions.
Like Fig. 6. shown in, along with the prolongation of heat aging time, be 3400cm in wave number
-1(ν
OH), 1710cm
-1(ν
C=O) locate absorption peak bigger enhancing is all arranged, explain that O-H and the content of C=O in the film sample obviously increases, main polymer chain begun the to rupture short chain molecule of kinds such as generating carboxylic acid, ketone.
Heat after ten days, obvious crackle has appearred in film, heats after 15 days, and film is fragmented into fritter.
Embodiment 5Disposable Environmental lysis film soft packaging
With the compsn in embodiment 1 or 2, join new LDPE (film grade) by 0.05-5 (weight percentage), or linear low density polyethylene (Qilu Petrochemical QLLP01), or in the high density polyethylene(HDPE), the consumption of polyvinyl resin is 99.95-95 (weight percentage).Through uniform mixing, compound is inserted in the hopper of extruding inflation film manufacturing machine, be extruded into various plastic flexible package films then, again through printing, stamping-out, heat seal etc., the Environmental lysis film soft packaging of processing all size.According to the difference of soft packaging purposes (like food, tobacco, stationery etc.), can controlling packet the degradation time of pack do not wait at 1-36 month.
Embodiment 6Disposable Environmental lysis film table ware
With the compsn in embodiment 1 or 2, join in the new LDPE (film grade) (or linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene(HDPE)) by 0.1-10 (weight percentage), the consumption of polyvinyl resin is 99.9-90 (weight percentage).Through uniform mixing, and place injection moulding machine, can be made into table wares such as disposable degradable plastics cutlery box, meal bowl, beverage cup, cutter, fork, spoon.Its wholesomeness is the requirement of National standard GB9683-88 " food pack hygienic standard " also.According to the difference of degradable plastics food and drink tool purposes, can control its degradation time and not wait at 1-12 month.
Embodiment 7Disposable degradable plastics daily necessities
With the compsn in embodiment 1 or 2, join in the new LDPE (film grade) (or linear low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene(HDPE)) by 0.01-10 (weight percentage), the consumption of polyvinyl resin is 99.9-90 (weight percentage).Through uniform mixing, and place injection moulding machine, can be made into daily necessities such as disposable toothbrush bar, soap box, Detergent bottle.According to the difference of degradable plastics daily necessities purposes, can control its degradation time and not wait at 1-36 month.
Claims (13)
1. the compsn that is used for environment-degradable plastic, said composition is grouped into by following one-tenth:
1) visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition, it is the organometallics of transition metal, its consumption is the 1-10% of composition total weight;
2) ultraviolet catalytic degraded composition, it be particle diameter between 5-100nm, have the nano grade transition metal compound of ultraviolet catalytic degradation function, consumption is the 0.1-10% of composition total weight;
3) food antioxidant; Its consumption is the 1-10% of composition total weight, and wherein said food antioxidant is selected from butylated hydroxy anisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, Tenox PG, sodium D-isoascorbate, tea-polyphenol, phytic acid, tertiarybutylhydroquinone, Radix Glycyrrhizae polyphenoils, calcium ascorbate, kephalin, Quicifal, Tyox B, 4-Sucrets, Viteolin, xitix and rosemary extract; With
4) the plastic substrate composition of surplus.
2. the compsn of claim 1, wherein, said ultraviolet catalytic is downgraded into branch and is selected from nano-TiO
2, at least a in the nano-ZnO, nanometer ZnS, nano-tube/CdS, nano PbS.
3. claim 1 or 2 compsn, the consumption of wherein said ultraviolet light catalyst degraded composition is the 1-5% of composition total weight.
4. claim 1 or 2 compsn, the transition metal in wherein said visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and the heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition is selected from cobalt, iron, vanadium, manganese, cerium, zinc.
5. claim 1 or 2 compsn, the organometallics of the transition metal in wherein said visible light catalytic oxidative degradation and the heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition are selected from least a in the naphthoate of cobalt, iron, vanadium, manganese, cerium, zinc, caprate, neodecanoate, oleate, stearate, cetylate, lauroleate, 2-ethylhexoate, formate, the acetate.
6. compsn according to claim 1 and 2, the consumption of wherein said visible light photocatalytic degradation and heat catalytic oxidation degraded composition is the 3-8% of composition total weight.
7. compsn according to claim 1 and 2, the consumption of wherein said food antioxidant are the 2-5% of composition total weight.
8. compsn according to claim 1, wherein said food antioxidant are butylated hydroxytoluene.
9. compsn according to claim 1 and 2, wherein said plastic substrate composition is selected from Vilaterm, Vestolen PP 7052, PS, SE, Injecatable EVA Copolymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, polyaniline, polyethyleneterephthalate and polybutylene terephthalate.
10. according to the purposes of each described compsn among the claim 1-9 in the plastics of preparation degraded by environment.
11. plastics, it comprises each described compsn according to claim 1-9.
12. plastics, it is to be processed by the plastics of claim 11.
13. according to the plastics of claim 12, it is selected from disposable degradable plastic shopping bag or food bag, ambient controlled degradation plastic mulch, disposable Environmental lysis film soft packaging, disposable Environmental lysis film table ware, disposable degradable plastics daily necessities.
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| CN2008101465621A CN101665625B (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | Plastic degrading composition, use of same and plastic and product containing same |
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| CN2008101465621A CN101665625B (en) | 2008-09-03 | 2008-09-03 | Plastic degrading composition, use of same and plastic and product containing same |
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| CN101665625A (en) | 2010-03-10 |
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