CN101662197A - Compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles - Google Patents
Compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles Download PDFInfo
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- CN101662197A CN101662197A CN200910035375A CN200910035375A CN101662197A CN 101662197 A CN101662197 A CN 101662197A CN 200910035375 A CN200910035375 A CN 200910035375A CN 200910035375 A CN200910035375 A CN 200910035375A CN 101662197 A CN101662197 A CN 101662197A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles. An auxiliary electric excitation winding and built-in V-shaped magnetic steel are arrangedin a rotor iron core in the circumferential direction; the built-in V-shaped magnetic steel and a pole shoe form a permanent magnet pole, and the auxiliary electric excitation winding and an interwinding iron core form an excitation pole; the permanent magnet and the auxiliary electric excitation winding together generate armature induction potential, the air gap magnetic field can be adjusted conveniently by adjusting the magnitude and the direction of the DC excitation current in the electric excitation winding, and the purposes of high efficiency, energy saving and high-precision adjustmentof the voltage at an output end are achieved; meanwhile, the permanent magnet rotor is made of the V-shaped segmented magnetic steel, and holes are arranged in the pole shoe to lighten the weight ofthe rotor to avoid the high-speed deformation of the rotor; a groove is formed at the center of the pole shoe in the radial direction, and nonmagnetic good conductors are filled in the groove; and magnetism isolating grooves are arranged at two ends of the V-shaped magnetic steel, thereby inhibiting the static and dynamic armature reaction, improving the output voltage waveform, increasing the airgap magnetic density, reducing the magnetic leakage and increasing the output power. The compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator can smoothly operate at high power density, speed and precision.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, belong to technical field of motors.
Background technology
Along with the development of rare earth permanent-magnetic material, the application of magneto alternator more and more widely.Compare with the synchronous machine of electric excitation, permanent magnet excitation need not excitation winding, have simple in structure, reliable, volume is little, efficient is high, the power density advantages of higher.But its maximum shortcoming is a permanent magnet excitation can't regulate, and as motor, can't reach weak magnetism speed expansion by regulating excitation, obtain broad constant-power speed regulation; As generator, because the high-coercive force of rotor permanent magnet can't be regulated the output voltage of generator, when load or rotation speed change, magneto alternator is difficult to keep constant voltage, therefore is restricted in Application in Electric Vehicle.Compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator has solved magneto excitation regulation difficulty and the inefficient problem of electro-magnetic motor preferably, have two kinds of magnetic sources of permanent magnet and exciting current, both advantages have been merged, utilize permanent magnet and electric excitation winding hybrid excitation, air gap magnetic is controlled the regulator generator output voltage.The major part of air-gap field is set up by rare-earth permanent magnet, and the required changes of magnetic field part of voltage-regulation is realized by auxiliary electric excitation winding.
The compound rectifier excitation synchronous machine of present various structures, there is following defective separately: as the extremely electric excitation permagnetic synchronous motor of pawl, radial/axial compound rectifier excitation synchronous machine and annular stator transverse flux motor etc., the additional air gap of electricity magnetic excitation circuit is many, axial magnetic field is subjected to the restriction of motor diameter, the electric machine structure complexity; Synchronously/and permanent magnetism compound rectifier excitation electric moter voltage harmonic wave is many, and torque ripple is big; Synchronously/permanent magnetism compound rectifier excitation motor and combined rotor compound rectifier excitation motor reliability and efficient are lower; The ferromagnetic loss of combined rotor compound rectifier excitation motor enlarges markedly with speed; Permanent magnetism axial segmentation formula motor, promptly the permanent magnetism master sends out the auxilliary part of sending out of part and electric excitation and overlaps stator core by rotating shaft shared and be connected, and structure has varied, but in fact axially is being two motors, volume, weight increase; The two kinds of motors in back are surface-mounted permanent magnetism, and magnetic field is regulated, the weak magnetism speed expansion difficulty, and do not have the pole shoe protection, have degaussing danger, and pressure regulating performance is poor.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles (HESG) is provided, output voltage is constant when guaranteeing the generator loading variation, has good waveform.
Purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, described motor comprises stator and the rotor in casing and the casing, stator comprises stator core and the stator winding that is fixed on casing inner wall, stator core comprises stator yoke, stator slot and stator tooth, rotor comprises rotating shaft and rotor core, characteristics are: described rotor core inner periphery direction is provided with auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding and built-in V-type magnet steel, the magnetic circuit of the magnetic circuit of permanent magnet effect and electric excitation effect joins together in rotor pole faces, both magnetic circuits are independent separately, a shared cover stator core (armature); The armature induction electromotive force is produced jointly by permanent magnet and auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding, reaches the purpose that output end voltage is energy-efficient, high accuracy is regulated, and the V-type built-in type permanent-magnet has significant poly-magnetic effect, can increase output voltage 8%.
Described built-in V-type magnet steel and pole shoe constitute permanent-magnet pole, and the iron core between described auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding and this winding constitutes field pole; The magnetic pole of adjacent reversed polarity is not self excitation or magnet steel is set constitutes, but the utmost point unshakable in one's determination 10 that flux circuit forms at rotor core 8, actual number of poles and motor characteristic, the excitation mode that depends on the field pole that auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding 7 produces: establishing the generator number of poles is 2P, then the excitation number of poles is P/2, and the permanent magnetism number of poles is P/2; If auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding 7 feeds forward exciting current+I
e, the polarity that promptly electric excitation winding produces is identical with permanent magnetic polarity, and then HESG forms the magnetic field of the symmetrical 2P utmost point, the electromotive force addition that excitation field should be responded to permanent magnetic field at the electromotive force of stator winding induction, output voltage and power maximum; If excitation winding is excitation not, I
e=0, then HESG forms the magnetic field of the asymmetric P utmost point, and is non-vanishing by the magnetic flux of stator, and at this moment, the electromotive force of induction is non-vanishing, and a small amount of output voltage and power are arranged; If excitation winding feeds reverse exciting current-I
e, the polarity that promptly electric excitation winding produces is opposite with permanent magnetic polarity, and then HESG forms the magnetic field of the symmetrical P utmost point.
Further, above-mentioned compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, wherein, described built-in V-type magnet steel is a segmentation structure, compare with the whole magnet steel of V-type, every section magnet steel quality only is whole magnet steel 1/3, to the stress and the centrifugal force of magnet steel groove, helps the generator high-speed cruising when reducing the generator high-speed cruising significantly.
Further, above-mentioned compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, wherein, the pole shoe between described built-in V-type magnet steel is provided with the hole, and potting resin in the described hole alleviates rotor weight and stress, avoids the rotor high-speed distortion.
Further, above-mentioned compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, wherein, radially slotting in pole shoe center between described built-in V-type magnet steel, forms the pole shoe groove, fills non magnetic good conductor (copper bar) in the pole shoe groove, when load increases suddenly, on copper conductor, produce eddy current, hinder magnetic flux and rise, suppress static, dynamic armature reaction, avoid magnet steel degaussing danger, improve output voltage waveforms, improve air gap flux density, improve power output.
Again further, above-mentioned compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, described rotor has DC excitation winding and built-in V-type permanent magnetism simultaneously, power density and reliability height, but the non-linear and leakage field in built-in type permanent-magnet magnetic field increases, for reducing leakage field, built-in V-type magnet steel two ends are provided with magnet isolation tank, reduce leakage field, reduce core loss, improve air gap flux density 25%, overload capacity and power output, make HESG can high power density, at a high speed, high accuracy, miniaturization and even running.
Substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement that technical solution of the present invention is outstanding are mainly reflected in:
Good magnetic conduction passage is arranged, magnetic flux φ between additive excitation winding 1. of the present invention and built-in V-type permanent magnetism magnetic pole
eEasily by air gap, the DC excitation pressure regulating performance is good;
2. rotor of the present invention has DC excitation winding and built-in V-type permanent magnetism simultaneously, auxiliary electrical magnetic part part and the one cover stator core (armature) of permanent magnetism partial common, compact conformation, power density and reliability height; Its induced potential should be added and subtracted mutually with the electromotive force of permanent magnetic field induction when the DC excitation winding fed forward and reverse exciting current, realized that output end voltage is energy-efficient, high accuracy is regulated;
3. adopt the hole that resin is set in segmentation magnet steel, the pole shoe fills in the rotor of the present invention, open the pole shoe groove, open measure such as magnet isolation tank, help efficient, the high-speed cruising of generator, the advantage that had both had magneto alternator, solve the voltage regulation problem of permanent magnet generator again easily, possessed two kinds of excitation modes of permanent magnet excitation and electric excitation simultaneously;
4. volume is little, simple in structure and reliable, and the loss of electric excitation part is little, has the energy-efficient characteristics of permanent magnet generator, assigns to regulate magnetic flux by regulating electric excitation division, has reached the purpose of pressure regulation, and overload capacity is strong, loading range is wide, power output is adjustable; Compare with traditional generator, performance index significantly improve.This generator voltage regulation is little, and automatically pressure regulation, has the external characteristic near level.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing technical solution of the present invention is described further:
Fig. 1: compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles (HESG) principle schematic;
Fig. 2: compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles p-m rotor principle schematic;
Fig. 3: compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles external characteristic schematic diagram;
Fig. 4: the used for electric vehicle HESG profile in band V-type segmentation (6 sections) magnet steel and pole shoe hole;
Fig. 5: the used for electric vehicle HESG profile of band V-type segmentation (6 sections) magnet steel and pole shoe groove;
Fig. 6: compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator induced potential curve.
The implication of each Reference numeral sees the following form among the figure:
Reference numeral | Implication | Reference numeral | Implication | Reference numeral | Implication |
??1 | Stator | ??2 | Stator yoke | ??3 | Stator slot |
??4 | Stator tooth | ??5 | Air gap | ??6 | Built-in V-type magnet steel |
??6a | Built-in V-type segmentation magnet steel | ??7 | The auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding | ??8 | Rotor core |
??9 | Rotating shaft | ??10 | The utmost point unshakable in one's determination | ??11 | Pole shoe |
Reference numeral | Implication | Reference numeral | Implication | Reference numeral | Implication |
??12 | The magnetic conduction bridge | ??13 | The hole | ??14 | Magnet isolation tank |
??15 | The pole shoe groove | ??φ m | Permanent magnet flux | ??φ e | Electro-magnetic flux |
??A0 | External characteristic curve when the electricity exciting current is IN | ??A1 | External characteristic curve when the electricity exciting current is Imax | ??A2 | The electricity exciting current is I 1The time external characteristic curve |
??E 0 | Unloaded induced potential | ??I e | The electricity exciting current |
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles (HESG), motor comprises stator and the rotor in casing and the casing, stator comprises stator core 1 and the stator winding that is fixed on casing inner wall, stator core comprises stator yoke 2, stator slot 3 and stator tooth 4, and rotor comprises rotating shaft 9 and rotor core 8, forms air gap 5 between rotor, wherein, rotor core inner periphery direction is provided with auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding 7 and built-in V-type magnet steel 6.Both magnetic circuits are independent separately, a shared cover stator core (armature).The armature induction electromotive force is produced jointly by permanent magnet and auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding, regulate the size and the direction of DC excitation electric current in the electric excitation winding, conveniently adjusted air-gap field keeps its terminal voltage constant, reaches the purpose that output end voltage is energy-efficient, high accuracy is regulated.The built-in magnet steel of V-type has significant poly-magnetic effect, can increase output voltage 8%.When the conditions such as rotating speed, load or ambient temperature of prime mover changed, the terminal voltage of HESG also changed thereupon.Keep its terminal voltage constant, need under the effect of auxiliary electrical magnetic part adjuster, to give excitation winding 7 to feed the DC excitation electric current I
fRegulate air-gap field, keep its terminal voltage constant; The polarity of the magnetic field of setting up when exciting current is the forward excitation when identical with permanent magnetic field polarity, is reverse excitation in the time of on the contrary; When promptly feeding the forward exciting current its magnetic field the electromotive force of stator winding induction should with the electromotive force addition of permanent magnetic field induction, its induced potential should subtract each other with the electromotive force of permanent magnetic field induction when feeding reverse exciting current, reaches the purpose that output end voltage is energy-efficient, high accuracy is regulated.
Built-in V-type magnet steel 6 constitutes permanent-magnet pole with pole shoe, and the iron core between auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding 7 and this winding constitutes field pole, and the magnetic pole of adjacent reversed polarity is not self excitation or magnet steel is set constitutes, but flux circuit is at the utmost point unshakable in one's determination 10 of rotor core 8 formation.Its induced potential is added and subtracted mutually with the electromotive force of permanent magnetic field induction when feeding forward and reverse DC excitation electric current by electric excitation winding, comes the regulator generator output end voltage.φ among Fig. 2
mAnd φ
eBe respectively permanent magnet flux and auxiliary electrical magnetic part magnetic flux, the direction of arrow is the magnetic flux path trend.Actual number of poles and motor characteristic, depend on the excitation mode of the field pole that auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding 7 produces: establishing the generator number of poles is 2P, and then the excitation number of poles is P/2, and the permanent magnetism number of poles is P/2; If auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding 7 feeds forward exciting current+I
e, promptly as shown in Figure 2, the polarity that electric excitation winding produces is identical with permanent magnetic polarity, and then HESG forms the magnetic field of the symmetrical 2P utmost point, the electromotive force addition that excitation field should be responded to permanent magnetic field at the electromotive force of stator winding induction, output voltage and power maximum; If excitation winding is excitation not, I
e=0, then HESG forms the magnetic field of the asymmetric P utmost point, and is non-vanishing by the magnetic flux of stator, and at this moment, the electromotive force of induction is non-vanishing, and a small amount of output voltage and power are arranged; If excitation winding feeds reverse exciting current-I
e, the polarity that promptly electric excitation winding produces is opposite with permanent magnetic polarity, and then HESG forms the magnetic field of the symmetrical P utmost point.
Stack of lamination between the auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding and the utmost point unshakable in one's determination 10 radial sections are long-pending to be optimized, and under generator miniaturization and design principle, control rotor core magnetic circuit degree of saturation makes magnetic flux and permanent magnet flux form good magnetic loop and regulates and control output voltage.
Even HESG is excitation-free current under constant rotational speed, stator winding also has very little induced voltage.During the HESG high-speed cruising,, enough output voltages and electric current are arranged also, do not need electric excitation or can significantly reduce exciting current, to improve generator efficiency even exciting current is zero.The regulation and control of output voltage are not two step control strategies traditionally, and promptly average exciting current is not to control by periodic on/off conversion, but by regulating exciting current I
eSize and forward and reverse.
Fig. 3 has illustrated that compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles external characteristic, external characteristic curve A0 are rated point (I
N, U
N), the unloaded induced potential of stator is E
0When load current is increased to Imax Time, the HESG output voltage will descend, and in order to keep constant output voltage, needs to strengthen electric exciting current, makes induced potential be increased to E
01, move on the external characteristic and be curve A 1, cross (Imax, U
N) point; When load current reduces to I
1Time, the HESG output voltage will increase, and in order to keep constant output voltage, makes electric exciting current reverse, and the unloaded induced potential of stator this moment is reduced to E
02, external characteristic is displaced downwardly to curve A 2, crosses (I
1, U
N) point.Like this, the generator loading electric current changes at 0~Imax, by regulating exciting current I
eSize and forward and reverse, keep the HESG output voltage U
NConstant.
Fig. 4 has illustrated the used for electric vehicle HESG section in band V-type segmentation (6 sections) magnet steel and pole shoe hole, Fig. 5 to illustrate the used for electric vehicle HESG section of band V-type segmentation (6 sections) magnet steel and pole shoe groove.The d axle is the permanent-magnet pole center line, and the q axle is adjacent permanent-magnet pole center line, and the polar arc angle is a, and arrow is a segmentation magnet steel magnetic direction.Built-in V-type magnet steel 6 is a segmentation structure, be that p-m rotor adopts built-in V-type segmentation magnet steel 6a, iron core between the built-in V-type adjacent sectional magnet steel constitutes magnetic conduction bridge 12, compare with the whole magnet steel of V-type, every section magnet steel quality only is whole magnet steel 1/3, when reducing the generator high-speed cruising significantly to the stress and the centrifugal force of magnet steel groove.In the pole shoe 11 between built-in V-type magnet steel the hole 13 of being filled by high-intensity resin is set, further alleviates rotor weight and stress, avoid the rotor high-speed distortion.P-m rotor adopts pole shoe 11 centers radially to slot, be pole shoe groove 15, fill non magnetic good conductor in the pole shoe groove 15, non magnetic good conductor is generally selected copper bar for use, when load increases suddenly, on copper conductor, produce eddy current, hinder magnetic flux and rise, suppress static, dynamic armature reaction, avoid magnet steel degaussing danger, improve output voltage waveforms, improve air gap flux density, improve power output.Built-in V-type magnet steel 6 two ends are provided with magnet isolation tank 14, reduce leakage field, reduce core loss, improve air gap flux density 25%, increase power output, make HESG can high power density, at a high speed, the high-precision and stable operation.
Fig. 6 is a compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator induced potential curve, and curve shows: by increasing electric exciting current I
e, induced potential E is linear to be increased, because unshakable in one's determination saturated, induced potential E curve is tending towards smooth gradually, up to no longer increasing.If increase reverse electric exciting current-I
e, then induced potential E reduces, and becomes P/2 utmost point motor at last up to HESG.In Fig. 6 curve, M district and N district are respectively the magnetic field of permanent magnetic field and the generation of auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding in the same way with reverse.
In sum, compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles of the present invention (HESG) possesses permanent magnet excitation and two kinds of excitation modes of electric excitation simultaneously, the advantage that integrates magneto alternator and electric excitation synchronous generator has the voltage-regulation ability or the wide region speed constant pressure output capacity of broad.Its air-gap field can be regulated when condition changings such as rotating speed, load and ambient temperature, and it is constant to keep HESG system output voltage, reaches the purpose of high accuracy pressure regulation.Be applicable to the application scenario that voltage stability is had relatively high expectations, can be used as the dynamic charge power supply of accumulator of electric car, stand-by power supply or independent power supply and use, have development and application prospect widely in fields such as electric automobile, urban light rail, electric locomotive, electronic panzer, electronic tank, naval vessels and Aero-Space.
Below only be concrete exemplary applications of the present invention, protection scope of the present invention is not constituted any limitation.All employing equivalents or equivalence are replaced and the technical scheme of formation, all drop within the rights protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles, described motor comprises stator and the rotor in casing and the casing, stator comprises stator core (1) and the stator winding that is fixed on casing inner wall, stator core comprises stator yoke (2), stator slot (3) and stator tooth (4), rotor comprises rotating shaft (9) and rotor core (8), it is characterized in that: described rotor core inner periphery direction is provided with auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding (7) and built-in V-type magnet steel (6), described built-in V-type magnet steel (6) constitutes permanent-magnet pole with pole shoe, and the iron core between described auxiliary electrical magnetic part winding (7) and winding constitutes field pole.
2. compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described built-in V-type magnet steel (6) is a segmentation structure.
3. compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the pole shoe between described built-in V-type magnet steel is provided with hole (13), potting resin in described hole (13).
4. compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: radially slot in the pole shoe center between described built-in V-type magnet steel, forms pole shoe groove (15), fills non magnetic good conductor in the pole shoe groove (15).
5. compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described non magnetic good conductor is a copper bar.
6. compound excitation permanent magnet synchronous generator for electric vehicles according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described built-in V-type magnet steel two ends are provided with magnet isolation tank (14).
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CN101860152A (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2010-10-13 | 南阳防爆集团新普电机有限公司 | Three-phase AC asynchronous motor for YDAX series of electric automobiles |
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CN101958623A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-01-26 | 上海川邻精密配件有限公司 | High torque density, high power density, low disturbance permanent magnet rotating machine |
CN102170210A (en) * | 2011-04-13 | 2011-08-31 | 沈阳工业大学 | Magnetic permeance-controllable milled composite spindle permanent magnet synchronous torque motor |
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