CN101658517A - γ-倒捻子素在制备抗炎镇痛药物中的应用 - Google Patents
γ-倒捻子素在制备抗炎镇痛药物中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开γ-mangostin在制备抗炎镇痛药物中的应用。本发明采用95体积%乙醇浸提从山竹子果壳中得到山竹子果壳提取物,然后通过过柱分离进一步从提取物中得到γ-mangostin,所得γ-mangostin纯度高,且具有比提取物更好的镇痛消炎作用,此外本发明还研究发现γ-mangostin具有较好的羟自由基和氧自由基清除作用,具有抗氧化和神经保护的作用;可抑制前列腺素合成,阻断5-HT2a受体从而在中枢以及外周起到消炎镇痛的作用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及天然产物化学和药物化学领域,具体涉及山竹子果壳中有效成分的应用,尤其涉及γ-mangostin在制备抗炎镇痛药物中的应用。
背景技术
疼痛与炎症反应是一种警戒信号,表示机体已经发生组织损伤或预示即将遭受损伤,是机体自我保护的一种防御反应。如果疼痛与炎症长期持续不止,会对机体构成一种难以忍受的精神折磨,严重影响学习、工作、饮食和睡眠,最终因生活质量降低而产生不可忽视的经济和社会问题。
疼痛与炎症是一个连锁反应,二者互为因果,互相影响,由此产生了消炎镇痛药物,目前市场上主流的消炎镇痛药为非甾体类药物(NSAID),其通过抑制环氧合酶,减少前列腺素的合成而发挥抗炎镇痛作用。
前列腺素对许多组织本有保护作用,用非甾体抗炎药抑制其生物合成,在抑制了炎症组织合成前列腺素的同时使得患者体内其他各种组织失去前列腺素的保护而受到损害。非甾体抗炎药会引起很多不良作用,如胃肠道受损、肾功能异常、干细胞损害坏死等。鉴于非甾体类抗炎药物严重的副反应,开发新的消炎镇痛药刻不容缓。
山竹子(Garcinia mangostana L.)为藤黄科(Guttiferae)山竹子属植物,又称倒捻子、凤果或莽吉柿,属热带常绿中型乔木,其果壳被广泛用于治疗腹泻、疟疾、抗炎、抗溃疡以及抗白血病和败血病等。
γ-倒捻子素(γ-mangostin)是从山竹子果壳中分离出的主要生物活性的化合物,其结构式如式(III)所示,为5-羟色胺(5-HT)2a受体阻断剂,能抑制cAMP磷酸二酯酶和环加氧酶(COX1和COX2),对HIV-1蛋白酶也具有非竞争性的抑制作用,还具有抗氧化,抗菌,植物雌激素样,促进细胞凋亡,治疗乳腺癌的作用以及抗艾滋病作用等药理作用。
高纯度γ-mangostin可作为医药原料、保健品等,γ-mangostin具有十分广泛的药理作用,近年来引起人们的极大重视。目前尚未有将γ-mangostin用于抗炎镇痛药物的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种γ-mangostin在制备抗炎镇痛药物中的应用。
本发明的上述目的是通过如下方案予以实现的:
γ-mangostin在市面上已经有纯品销售,可采用市售的γ-mangostin进行镇痛、抗炎活性检测,也可以采用下述方法进行对山竹子果壳有效成分进行分离提纯得到纯度较高的γ-mangostin。
采用95体积%乙醇对山竹子果壳进行浸提处理,收集浸提液,经过滤、浓缩和干燥后得到提取物,用水-乙酸乙酯溶液(水和乙酸乙酯等体积比混合所得溶液)对该提取物进行萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取层;将前述乙酸乙酯萃取层经硅胶柱层析,乙酸乙酯-石油醚溶液为洗脱剂,当作为洗脱剂的乙酸乙酯-石油醚溶液中乙酸乙酯和石油醚的体积比为35∶65时,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次进行硅胶柱层析,并采用甲醇和氯仿的体积比为3∶97的甲醇-氯仿溶液作为洗脱剂,收集洗脱组分,重结晶得到物质A,对物质A进行结构鉴定以及纯度测定,经过核磁共振、有机质谱以及熔点鉴定检测,物质A为γ-mangostin,同时将物质A进行急性毒性和药理实验(包括镇痛活性、抗炎活性、对羟基自由基清除作用以及氧自由基清除作用的试验),结果发现物质A具有很好的镇痛、抗炎活性,而且对羟基自由基和氧自由基都具有一定的清除作用,由此说明γ-mangostin可制备抗炎镇痛药物。
上述提取方法中,山竹子果壳在粉碎前可先进行预处理:将山竹子果壳清洗干净后,60℃干燥至恒重,将干燥的山竹子果壳掰碎或粉碎后用于后期的提取。
将山竹子果壳用95体积%乙醇分别以1∶5,1∶1.25,1∶1.25的比例浸提3次,浸提时间为一周左右。收集浸提液,将该浸提液过滤,取滤液浓缩,将得到的浓缩液真空干燥24小时,得到真空干燥的提取物;所述过滤、浓缩和干燥均为本领域的常规操作。
上述用水-乙酸乙酯溶液(水和乙酸乙酯等体积比混合所得溶液)对提取物进行萃取,可连续萃取三次,然后合并乙酸乙酯萃取层。然后将上述的乙酸乙酯萃取层经硅胶柱层析,乙酸乙酯-石油醚溶液为洗脱剂,当作为洗脱剂的乙酸乙酯-石油醚溶液中乙酸乙酯和石油醚的体积比为35∶65时,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次进行硅胶柱层析,并继续采用乙酸乙酯和石油醚的体积比为35∶65的乙酸乙酯-石油醚溶液作为洗脱剂,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次经硅胶柱层析,采用甲醇和氯仿的体积比为3∶97的甲醇-氯仿溶液作为洗脱剂,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次经硅胶柱层析,采用甲醇和氯仿的体积比为3∶97的甲醇-氯仿溶液作为洗脱剂,收集洗脱组分,重结晶得到物质A。
上述重结晶得到物质A,可选择甲醇作为溶剂进行重结晶。
以γ-mangostin为主药的药物组合物作为镇痛药的开发,可用于治疗神经病理性疼痛,炎性疼痛,癌症性疼痛,糖尿病、风湿病等病理性疼痛。其单次服用剂量范围为2~10mg/kg。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
1.本发明采用95体积%乙醇浸提从山竹子果壳中得到山竹子果壳提取物,该提取物毒性小,且具有较好的镇痛消炎作用,然后通过过柱分离进一步从提取物中得到γ-mangostin,所得γ-mangostin纯度高,且具有比提取物更好的镇痛消炎作用;
2.本发明研究发现γ-mangostin具有较好的羟自由基和氧自由基清除作用,可抑制前列腺素合成,阻断5-HT2a受体从而在中枢以及外周起到消炎镇痛的作用。
附图说明
图1为热板致痛法检测γ-mangostin镇痛活性的柱状图;
其中,1,2,3,4,5分别代表溶酶对照组,阳性对照吲哚美辛组,α1组,α2组,阳性对照曲马多组,*表示与对照组相比P<0.05,**表示与对照组相比P<0.01。
图2为福尔马林测定γ-mangostin镇痛活性柱状图;
其中,1,2,3,4,5分别代表溶酶对照组,阳性对照吲哚美辛组,α1组,α2组,阳性对照曲马多组,*表示与对照组相比P<0.05,**表示与对照组相比P<0.01。
图3为γ-mangostin对·OH的清除作用折线图。
图4为γ-mangotin对·O2 -的清除作用折线图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步地解释,但具体实施例并不对本发明做任何限定。
实验动物:清洁级昆明小鼠,雌雄各半,体重18-24g,动物均购自中山大学医学院实验动物中心
本实施例涉及的各实验试剂均为市售:乙醇,甲醇,乙酸乙酯(EtOAC),石油醚,二甲苯,氯仿,乙酸,二甲亚砜(DMSO),甘油,FeSO4·7H2O,30%H2O2,水杨酸钠,连苯三酚,消炎痛肠溶包衣片,盐酸曲马多注射液
各实验组的剂量设置:
(1)γ-mangostin也分为2个浓度组,γ1组和γ2组,其浓度也分别为50和5mg/kg;
(2)溶酶组给药剂量为10ml/kg,其中溶酶液由甘油、DMSO和蒸馏水按1∶1∶9的体积比配成;
(3)吲哚美辛组浓度为10mg/kg;
(4)曲马多组浓度为50mg/kg;
上述各组除了曲马多是腹腔注射给药(i.p.)外,其余均为灌胃给药(i.g.)。
实施例1γ-mangostin的分离制备
1、山竹子果壳总提取物的制备
把山竹子果壳洗干净,置于恒温干燥箱中,60℃干燥至恒重,称重得到4.37kg;把干燥的山竹子果壳掰碎,加入6.4L 95体积%乙醇浸提。一周后,过滤浸提液,取滤液,浓缩;浓缩液真空干燥24小时,制备得到真空干燥的山竹子果壳总提取物。
2、γ-mangostin的分离
装柱、上样和洗脱均采用本领域技术人员的常规操作。
将上述制备得到的山竹子果壳总提取物,取31g进行如下过柱纯化分离:
(1)用水-乙酸乙酯溶液(V水∶V乙酸乙酯=1∶1)对山竹子果壳总提取物进行萃取,收集乙酸乙酯萃取层;
(2)将上述乙酸乙酯萃取层经硅胶柱层析,乙酸乙酯-石油醚溶液为洗脱剂;当洗脱剂为V乙酸乙酯∶V石油醚=35∶65时,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次进行硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂为V乙酸乙酯∶V石油醚=35∶65,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次经硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂为V甲醇∶V氯仿=3∶97,收集洗脱组分,将该洗脱组分再次经硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂为V甲醇∶V氯仿=3∶97,收集洗脱组分,重结晶得到物质A。
将上述经过柱分离得到的物质A用核磁共振法,测定13C、1H、DEPT NMR以及D2O交换NMR,以确证化合物结构。用有机质谱测定化合物分子量,把结果与文献值作对照,从分子量大小验证分离得到的物质A是否为γ-mangostin。
DEPT谱结果显示物质A有4个-CH3,2个-CH2,4个-CH,测定结果与文献报导的γ-mangostin的分子式均相符。
有机质谱结果显示,物质A的分子量是396,与文献报导的γ-mangostin理论分子量相符。
具体结果如下:
物质A桔黄色粉末,mp 186~190℃
1H-NMR(CD3OCD3,ppm):13.909(1H,s,C1-OH),9.40(1H,s,-OH),9.40(1H,s,-OH),9.40(1H,s,-OH),6.362(1H,s,H4),6.803(1H,s,H-5),4.192(2H,d,J=7,H-11),3.353(2H,d,J=7,H-16),5.316(1H,t,J=7,H-12),5.288(1H,t,J=8.5,H-17),1.84(1H,s,H-14),1.786(1H,s,H-15),1.648(1H,s,H-19),1.648(1H,s,H-20).
13C-NMR:17.882(C-19),18.289(C-14),21.965(C-16),25.864(C-20),25.990(C-15),26.352(C-11),92.943(C-4),101.132(C-5),103.759(C-9a),110.779(C-2),112.089(C-8a),123.578(C-17),124.451(C-12),129.186(C-8),131.265(C-18),131.265(C-13),141.555(C-7),152.253(C-6),153.511(C-10a),155.730(C-4a),161.671(C-1),162.669(C-3),183.162(C-9).
物质A的1H-NMR测定结果与文献报导的γ-mangostin1H-NMR相符,初步确定物质A是γ-mangostin。
同时用熔点测定仪测定物质A的熔点,并与文献值作对照,以进一步确证待定物质A是否为γ-mangostin。熔点测定具体方法是取少量化合物置于玻片上加热,当加热温度距离化合物熔点参考值还有10℃时,控制温度增高率,使之每分钟升高约1℃,在显微镜下观察化合物的熔点。
熔点实验结果是物质A的熔点是181~184℃,与文献报导的γ-mangostin(186~190℃)熔点大致相符。
结合上述核磁共振、质谱以及熔点试验的结果,可以断定本实施例分离得到的物质A为γ-mangostin。
实施例2热板致痛法测定γ-mangostin的镇痛活性
热板致痛法采用本领域技术人员的常规操作,对本实施例1制备所得α-mangostin(物质A)进行镇痛活性测定。
小鼠选取条件:给药前先测定每只小鼠的痛阈,以平均值不超过30s者合格,出现跳跃现象的弃之不用。
按照上述小鼠选取条件,选取70只雌性小鼠分为溶酶组、吲哚美辛组、γ1组、γ2组和曲马多组共五组,10只/组,其中溶酶组作为对照组,曲马多组和吲哚美辛组均为阳性对照组。
实验前禁食12小时,给药后1小时开始测定,以后每隔1小时测定一次,4小时后结束。金属盘放在事先调至55±0.5℃水浴锅中,加热后作热刺激,秒表记录小鼠自投入热板至出现舔足时间(s)作为该鼠的痛阈值,如痛阈值超过60s,即停止测试,按60s计算。
痛阈提高百分率=(用药后平均痛阈值-对照组平均痛阈值)/组照组平均痛阈值×100%。
实验表明:如图1所示,在γ-mangostin的镇痛活性测定中,γ1和γ2在第一小时内的痛阈提高值分别为57%和50%,与对照组相比有显著差异,其中γ1的药效能持续3个小时;阿片受体激动剂曲马多在第一个小时内效果显著,其痛阈提高率达到了338%,但在第二个小时后失效;非甾体类镇痛药吲哚美辛在给药后前三个小时内效果均不如γ1和γ2组。
由此说明,γ-mangostin对热板引致的疼痛反应有抑制作用,能使小鼠舔后足现象出现的潜伏期延长,具有中枢镇痛活性。
实施例3小鼠福尔马林实验测定γ-mangostin的镇痛抗炎活性
本实施例采用本领域技术人员的常规操作进行扭体法对实施例1制备所得γ-mangostin进行镇痛活性测定。
70只雌性小鼠,分为溶酶组、吲哚美辛组、γ1组、γ2组和曲马多组共5组,10只/组,溶酶组作为对照组,曲马多组和吲哚美辛组均为阳性对照组。
实验前禁食12小时,给药1小时后,给小鼠一只脚掌皮下注射20μl 5%福尔马林溶液,计算小鼠在之后两个时相内舔脚的时间,第一时相为注射后的5min内的持续舔脚时间,第二时相为在之后的第25min到60min的持续舔脚时间,其中每次记录时间依然为5min,每轮记录间隔为10min。抑制百分率=(对照组平均舔脚时间-给药组平均舔脚时间)/对照组平均舔脚时间×100%。
实验结果:如图2所示,γ1和γ2组对福尔马林早期反应(第一相)的疼痛抑制率分别为46%和31%,而对晚期反应(第二相)的疼痛抑制率分别为61%和36%。阳性药曲马多对福尔马林一二相反应的抑制率分别为55%和75%,而吲哚美辛仅在第一相有抑制作用,且未达到显著性水平。
实施例5γ-mangostin对羟自由基(·OH)的清除作用
用DMSO(二甲基亚砜)溶解实施例1制备所得γ-mangostin,然后用蒸馏水稀释成不同质量浓度(2.5,3.33,5,10,20,25,40μg/ml)的γ-mangostin溶液。
根据FeSO4+H2O2产生·OH,以·OH氧化水杨酸所得产物的吸光值示·OH多少,吸光值越大,·OH越多。3mL反应液中含0.15mol/LFeSO4,6mmol/LH2O2,2mmol/L水杨酸钠和不同质量浓度的γ-mangostin溶液,最后加H2O2启动反应,37℃反应1h,测510nmOD值,吸光值越小,清除效果越好。
用{[A0-(Ai-A0i)]/A0}×100%计算·OH的清除率,其中A0为对照,不加γ-mangostin;Ai为某质量浓度的γ-mangostin溶液的吸光值,A0i为无水杨酸时γ-mangostin的吸光值。
实验结果:如图3所示,γ-mangotin在很低的浓度0.42μg/ml时清除率已达到39.4%,从2.5μg/ml开始,γ-mangotin清除·OH的作用有一定的量效效应。当浓度达到40μg/ml,清除率达到最大值57.1%,因此γ-mangotin均具有很强的清除·OH作用。
实施例6γ-mangostin对氧自由基(·O2-)的清除作用
用DMSO(二甲基亚砜)溶解实施例1制备所得γ-mangostin,然后用50mmol/L pH8.2的Tris-HCl缓冲液配制成不同质量浓度(50,80,90,100,125μg/ml)的γ-mangostin溶液,并分别加入10μl 45mmol/L连苯三酚。
连苯三酚在碱性条件下会发生自动氧化而产生·O2 -和有色中间体,其反应速度依赖于自氧化产生的·O2 -的浓度。·O2 -越多,吸光度就越大,因此通过测定不同质量浓度的γ-mangostin对邻苯三酚自氧化速率的抑制作用而评价γ-mangostin清除·O2 -作用的强弱。
在25℃下测定325nm处吸光值,每隔20s测一次(在4min内测完)。·O2 -的清除率(%)=(ΔA1/Δt-ΔA2/Δt)/(ΔA1/Δt)×100%,其中ΔA1/Δt不加γ-mangostin的体系整个吸光度变化率;ΔA2/Δt是加了γ-mangostin后体系整个的吸光度变化率。实验数据用Excel2003分析,并进行配对t检验,结果用Origin 7.5软件作图。
实验结果:如图4所示,γ-mangotin从50μg/ml开始表现出一定的·O2 -清除作用,γ-mangotin的清除作用具有一定的量效效应,当质量浓度在90μg/ml以上的时候,具有极明显的清除·O2 -作用,当质量浓度为125μg/ml时,在检测时间内,邻苯三酚基本不发生自氧化反应,可以认为此时γ-mangotin具有最强的·O2 -清除作用,对邻苯三酚自氧化反应的抑制率为100%。
由实施例3和4可以看出,γ-mangotin具有很好的镇痛作用,由实施例5和6可以看出,γ-mangotin具有很好的清除羟基自由基和氧自由基的作用,由此说明,γ-mangotin可用于制备抗炎镇痛药物,能够起到较好的效果。
Claims (3)
1、γ-mangostin在制备抗炎镇痛药物中的应用。
2、根据权利要求1所述应用,其特征在于所述抗炎镇痛药物为治疗神经病理性疼痛药物、治疗炎性疼痛药物、治疗癌症性疼痛药物、治疗糖尿病疼痛药物、治疗风湿病疼痛药物。
3、根据权利要求1所述应用,其特征在于所述γ-mangostin的单次服用剂量为2~10mg/kg。
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CN109463386A (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-15 | 华南农业大学 | 倒捻子素在防治青枯病中的应用 |
CN111773208A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-10-16 | 厦门医学院 | 藤黄属果实萃取物γ-倒捻子素在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用 |
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CN109463386A (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-03-15 | 华南农业大学 | 倒捻子素在防治青枯病中的应用 |
CN111773208A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2020-10-16 | 厦门医学院 | 藤黄属果实萃取物γ-倒捻子素在制备降血糖及降血压的药物组合物中的应用 |
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