CN1016563B - Widescreen television signal processing system with centre and side panel image resolution uniformity - Google Patents

Abstract

An NTSC compatible widescreen EDTV system encodes and decodes a television signal (N) comprising (1) a main, standard format NTSC signal with auxiliary low frequency side panel image information compressed into an overscan region thereof; (2) auxiliary high frequency side panel image information (X); and (3) auxiliary high frequency horizontal luminance information. At an encoder, components 2 and 3 are intraframe averaged before modulating an alternate subcarrier . Component 1 is intraframe averaged exclusive of the compressed side panel information before being combined with the modulated alternate subcarrier.

Description

Widescreen television signal processing system with centre and side panel image resolution uniformity

The invention relates to the center and the conforming device of the spatial resolution between edge strip that improve the widescreen displayed image.Particularly about this device in the wide screen system of using signal processing technology in time compression and the frame.

Traditional television receiver for example according to the receiver of some other local NTSC broadcast standards that adopt of the U.S. and, has the ratio of width to height ratio of height (width of shown image with) of 4: 3.Recently, interesting for use bigger the ratio of width to height in television receiver system, for example, 2: 1,16: 9 or 5: 3, this was because 4: 3 the ratio of width to height of the more traditional television receiver of this bigger the ratio of width to height more approach or equal the ratio of width to height of human eye.And the video information signal with 5: 3 the ratio of width to height comes on the scene especially, and this is that therefore, sort signal need not the shearogram image information and just can transmit and receive because this ratio of width to height is similar to the ratio of width to height of motion picture film.Yet the wide-screen television system of launching this signal that has bigger the ratio of width to height than legacy system simply is incompatible with the receiver with traditional the ratio of width to height.This gives and extensively adopts wide screen system to bring difficulty.

Therefore, wish have a kind of and wide-screen television system traditional tv receiver compatibility.A kind of like this system is disclosed in people's such as C.H.Strolle the common unsettled U.S. Patent application, and its sequence number is 078150, is entitled as " compatible widescreen television system ", and the date of application is 1987.7.27.More wish to consider to strengthen or expand shown image definition, so that a kind of compatible widescreen system of additional pictorial detail to be provided.For example, width-screen EDTV (extended definition television) system just comprises the device that is used to provide the image of lining by line scan.This system is disclosed in the common unsettled U.S. Patent application of M.A.Isnardi and little K.N.Hurst, and its sequence number is 139338, is entitled as the device of pre-adjustment auxiliary television signal information " be used for ", and the date of application is 1987.12.29.Adopted in signal time compression and the frame for center and edge strip pictorial information by Isnardi and the disclosed system of Hurst and to have handled.

According to principle of the present invention, be used for improving the aforementioned system of Isnardi and Hurst at this disclosed device, by reducing or eliminating diagonal image artefact non-required in the shown edge strip information effectively to obtain the higher consistency of spatial resolution between shown center and edge strip information.

Device has in accordance with the principles of the present invention been announced in the compatible widescreen EDTV television system aspect of signal processing (for example, averaging) in adopting time compression and frame.Widescreen EDTV signal comprises a plurality of components, is comprising the center and the first main component of the edge strip information of time compression, and the auxiliary second component that is comprising edge strip information.In principal component, have only central information to be subjected to handling in the frame, in the principal component the edge strip message part of time compression be not subjected to handle in the frame.

In the disclosed preferred embodiment of compatible widescreen EDTV television system, the wide screen signaling of original high-resolution continuous sweep coding become comprise four kinds of components according to the principle of the invention.Before these 4 kinds of components are reconfigured in the mono signal transmission channel, handle respectively for these four kinds of components.

First component is 2: the 1 main interlace signals with 4: 3 the ratio of width to height of standard.This component comprises in the wide screen signaling core when occupying the trace row of almost whole 4: 3 the ratio of width to height of temporal extension, and the edge strip horizontal low frequency information of time compression in the left and right level image overscan regions, in standard TV receiver showed, this information in overscan regions be can't see.Have only this component core to surpass the information of given frequency, just be subjected to frame inner average.

Second component is auxiliary 2: 1 interlace signals that comprise left and right edge strip high-frequency information, when each edge strip high-frequency information temporal extension being half active line.When the edge strip information of having expanded like this, occupies whole active line basically.Carry out " conversion " for this component,, and carry out frame inner average for this component so that occupy and the identical time cycle of the first component core.

Three-component is auxiliary 2: 1 interlace signals that drawn by the wide screen signaling source, comprises the horizontal luminance detail signal of the high frequency that is similar between 5.0MHz and the 6.0MHz.Also carry out " conversion " for this component,, and carry out frame inner average for this component so that occupy and the identical time cycle of the first component core.Second of frame inner average and three-component carry out quadrature modulation for another subcarrier of phase control, get up with first component combination of frame inner average in the modulation back.

Selectable the 4th component is interlacing in 2: 1 " auxiliary " signal of assisting, and it comprises time field difference luminance detail information, to help to reconstitute the pictorial information of losing in the width-screen EDTV receiver.

In the width-screen EDTV receiver, comprising that the composite signal decoding of above-mentioned four kinds of components becomes four kinds of components of its formation.Handle respectively and be used for producing for decoded component and have enhancing resolution, show the image of wide screen signaling.

Fig. 1 draws and comprises total figure according to the compatible widescreen EDTV coded system of apparatus of the present invention;

Fig. 1 a illustrates the detailed diagram of the encoder of disclosed system;

Fig. 1 b-1e includes the figure that helps understand disclosed system works;

The figure that Fig. 2-Fig. 5 draws signal waveform and helps to understand disclosed system works;

Figure 13 illustrates the part block diagram of width-screen EDTV receiver decoding apparatus; And

Draw the in more detail various aspects of disclosed system of Fig. 6-Figure 12 and Figure 12-Figure 24.

Plan to launch big the ratio of width to height by for example NTSC broadcast channel of standard, the system of 5: 3 images for example, should obtain high-quality image by wide-screen receiver and show, should significantly reduce or eliminate simultaneously the observable deterioration in 4: 3 the ratio of width to height of standard show.Though adopt the Signal Compression technology to bring into play the advantage in horizontal overscan zone in the demonstration of standard ntsc television receiver for visual edge strip,, may sacrifice the picture resolution in the wide-screen image edge strip zone that is reconstituted.Because the compression of time has caused the expansion in the frequency domain, have only low frequency component just to hold out against processing in the standard television passage, the needed bandwidth of bandwidth wide screen signaling that the standard television passage is presented is little.Therefore, when the edge strip of the compatible widescreen signal that has compressed is expanded in wide-screen receiver, produced marked difference in the core of shown wide screen signaling and the resolution between the edge strip or high-frequency content, unless take to avoid some step of this effect.These marked differences are due to the fact that promptly low frequency edge strip information can be recovered out, and high-frequency information is owing to the band limit effect of video channel has been lost.

In Fig. 1 system, the element common with more detailed Fig. 1 a system marks with identical reference number.As shown in Figure 1, handle to produce four kinds of separated coding components for having left and right and original wide screen continuous sweep signal central information.These four kinds of components as previously mentioned and be illustrated among Fig. 1.In this example, first component (comprise the central information of temporal extension and the edge strip low frequency information of time compression) is treated to the 4.2MHz brightness bandwidth that the brightness bandwidth that is produced is no more than NTSC.This signal coloud coding is become standard N TSC form, the brightness of signal and chromatic component (for example carry out suitable pre-filtering hereto, adopt a comb filter), so as in standard NTSC receiver and wide-screen receiver, to provide improved bright-the Se separating degree.

The temporal extension of second component (edge strip high-frequency information) is reduced to its horizontal bandwidth and is about 1.16MHz.This component and main signal (first component) space is uncorrelated, and will pay special attention to shelter its observability on standard NTSC receiver, as following will be discussed.

5.0 to the 6.0MHz high-frequency brightness information contents of having expanded in the three-component were at first carried out frequency move down before further handling, move to 0 and arrive within the frequency range of 1.0MHz.

The 4th component (time field difference " auxiliary " signal) " conversion " is become 4: 3 forms of standard, make it relevant with master signal component, sheltering its observability on standard NTSC receiver, and the level band is limited to 750KH _z

As will discussing in more detail thereafter, utilize corresponding frame inner average device 38,64 and 76 (a kind of vertical-time (V-T) filter) to handle first, second and three-component, the V-T between the master signal component and auxiliary signal component crosstalks in the wide-screen receiver to eliminate.The information that surpasses about 1.5MHz for the first component central information is carried out frame inner average.In frame 80, alternately pay a carrier wave ASC and carry out before the quadrature modulation for having alternately the 3.108MHz of (paraphase) phase place, for be labeled as X and Z the second and the 3rd the component of frame inner average carry out the nonlinear amplitude compression.In adder 40, the modulated signal (M) from frame 80 is added on first component (N) of frame inner average.Last output signal is the baseband signal (NTSCF) of 4.2MHz bandwidth, it is with the 4th component (YTN) from filter 79 750KHz low-pass filtering, in frame 57, carry out quadrature modulation for radio frequency (RF) pix carrier, producing the radiofrequency signal of NTSC compatibility, this signal can be transmitted to standard NTSC receiver or the wide screen receiver of lining by line scan by broadcast channel single, standard bandwidth.

The axial compression capacity reducing is compressed to low frequency edge strip information in the horizontal overscan zone of standard NTSC signal perhaps fully when adopting for first component.The high frequency edge strip information of second component and three-component high frequency luminance detailed information are by the video transmission passage, to carry out frequency spectrum share for reference receiver transparent way and standard NTSC signal, this is to comprise that by utilization frame 80 realizes for alternately paying the technology that carrier wave carries out quadrature modulation, as following will be discussed.When utilizing standard NTSC receiver to receive, can only see the central information part of main signal (first component).Second and three-component may produce one and adjust the jamming pattern by a small margin that does not observe under the position at normal viewing distance and general pattern control.The 4th component has been completely removed in the receiver with synchronization video wave detector.In receiver with envelope inspection filter, be not aware of though carried out processing for the 4th component, this is owing to its reason relevant with main signal.

Main signal (component 1) presents the standard NTSC active line time interval that is approximately 52 μ S, only just carries out frame inner average for the high-frequency information that surpasses about this component of 1.5MHz.This component edge strip low frequency information of time compression is not handled by frame inner average.Have now found that, handle the resolution of having improved diagonal edge strip pictorial information in this selectable main signal frame, this is to obtain by eliminating disagreeable uneven diagonal artefact (being sometimes referred to as " sawtooth "), if carry out frame inner average, must on the image that reconstitutes, produce on this " sawtooth " for the edge strip information of having compressed in the main signal.

About this point, the edge strip low frequency information that note master signal component has been carried out time compression to be about 6 the edge strip compressed coefficient (SCF).If for this information of time compression in receiver, carry out having carried out frame inner average before the temporal extension in order to reconstitute image, the edge strip pictorial information that then reconstitutes will present zigzag diagonal, and this is because low about 1/SCF times of arriving the core horizontal frequency of the horizontal frequency that frame inner average begins to locate.When the low-limit frequency of carrying out frame inner average descended, the distortion of diagonal pictorial information (" sawtooth ") increased.For example, if the information that surpasses 1.5MHz for the main signal medium frequency is carried out frame inner average, the edge strip low frequency information of component 1 is carried out time compression with SCF6, and then the frame inner average of edge strip information is actually from very low frequency 250KH _z(1.5MHz/SCF) begin, thereby produced the zigzag diagonal, like this, in the edge strip zone that reconstitutes, the zigzag diagonal will be more remarkable.Because component 1 does not carry out frame inner average in the edge strip zone of time compression, (0～700KH in these zones _z), the gamut of original frequency has kept whole vertical resolutions and has not had the caused distortion of jagged diagonal artefact.

To comprising a left side, the component 2 of the right bar high-frequency information carries out " conversion ", make it to occupy and the component identical time cycle of 1 core information, like this, for a left side, the right bar high frequency carries out temporal extension to be full of whole central area, thereby the trace horizontal scanning interval that component 2 is presented be about 50 μ S at interval, it is corresponding at interval with the horizontal scanning interval of the message part at component 1 center, for this purpose, edge strip spreading coefficient (SEF) is about 4.32, and this is equivalent to the left side of component 2, the right bar information expands to the needed SEF of active line time about 4.49 of whole 52 μ S.

Owing to carried out in the frame for principal component 1 and auxiliary component 2 and 3 and to have handled, component 2 and 3 all by " conversion " in the central area.As described below, frame inner average has been simplified the separation process of the two kinds of signal components (for example main signal N in this example and auxiliary modulated signal M) that combined in advance.Because processing region has been reduced to the central area that only centers on 50 μ S in the frame of component 1, so " conversion " of modulation product 2 and 3 done similar modification so that only around the central area.

As mentioned above, by the linear time compression of the level brightness information expanded to 50 μ S, component 3 " conversion " to consistent with the time interval of central information.Component 3 from 52 μ S time compression to 50 μ S, though lost the spatial coherence of some and principal component 1, the more important thing is to have guaranteed that the center and the edge strip zone that reconstitute image will present similar horizontal resolution.Though need spatial coherence between component 1 and 3 to shelter crosstalking between alternated subcarrier and the main signal, but because alternated subcarrier has comprised irrelevant information with the form of component 2, so, reduced the importance of keeping the intact spatial coherence of component 3.The space correlation amount of abandoning in component 3 is negligible, the more important thing is but to have obtained similar center and edge strip horizontal resolution.Do not carry out frame inner average and remain unchanged for component 4, present the active line time of the whole 52 μ Ss consistent with main signal.

In the decoder that will be discussed in conjunction with Figure 13,, only carry out handling in the frame below with respect to the central area for signal M and signal N are separated.After component M being demodulated to its composition component 2 and 3, in their original time slots, the whole active line that promptly occupies 52 μ S is in the time interval component 2 and 3 " conversion ".

Fig. 1 b, the radio spectrum of the disclosed EDTV wide screen system that drawn comprises supplementary, to compare with the radio spectrum of standard NTSC system.In the frequency spectrum of disclosed system, edge strip high frequency and the additional horizontal luminance detail information of high frequency have all been expanded about 1.16MHz on the both sides of 3.108MHz alternated subcarrier (ASC) frequency, and V-T " auxiliary " signal message (component 4) has then all been expanded 750KHz on the both sides of main signal vision carrier frequency.

The wide screen receiver of lining by line scan comprises the device that is used for reconstituting original wide screen progressive-scan signal.Compare with standard NTSC signal, the wide screen signaling that reconstitutes comprises the left and right edge strip with standard NTSC resolution, and the core with 4: 3 the ratio of width to height of good level and vertical luminance details, particularly Tu Xiang stationary part, and effect is better.

Two basic considerations have determined and have produced and handle the relevant signal processing technology of the first, second, third and the 4th signal component.These are considered.

Full compatibility means both compatibility of Receiver And Transmitter, makes existing reference receiver need not special adapter and just can receive wide screen signaling, and can the generation standard show.Compatibility on this meaning requires the image scanning format of transmitter for example or identical with the image scanning format of receiver basically or within the tolerance limit of receiver image scanning format.Compatibility means that also when showing, in fact additional non-standard component must or sensuously be hidden within the main signal on reference receiver.In order to obtain the compatibility on a kind of meaning in back, disclosed system has utilized following technology to hide auxiliary component.

As above discuss, in fact the edge strip low frequency is hidden in the horizontal overscan zone of reference receiver regulation.Component 2 is compared with the edge strip low frequency component and is belonged to the low energy signal, and component 3 low energy high frequency detail signal normally, carry out amplitude compression and quadrature modulation to the alternated subcarrier of 3.108MHz for component 2 and 3,3.108MHz is one and puts frequency (odd-multiple of half-line frequency).Frequency, phase place and amplitude to alternated subcarrier are selected, the observability of modulated alternated subcarrier signal is reduced as much as possible, for example, by the phase place of control alternated subcarrier from one to another, make it to change 180 ° during to next from one, and not as color sub-carrier from a phase place during to next.(2.0～4.2MHz), modulated alternated subcarrier component has been hidden from sensuously within the look passband though modulated alternated subcarrier component is present in fully., they show that on normal chroma level, human eye perceives is less than this flicker because glimmering as the field frequency complementary colours.And, before amplitude modulation, carry out the nonlinear amplitude compression for modulation product and advantageously the instantaneous amplitude overshoot is reduced to lower acceptable level.Component 3 partly is space correlation with respect to the central information of component 1, and less a little to the spatial coherence of the left and right message part of component 1.This is to realize by means of the following form encoder that will be discussed.

By carrying out 4: 3 forms of temporal extension with the standard of being matched with for central information, thereby make component 4 and main signal space correlation, also component 4, promptly " auxiliary " signal hiding gets up.In having the reference receiver of synchronous detector, component 4 has been removed, and in having the receiver of envelope detector, from sensuously component 4 having been stashed, this is because it and main signal are the reasons of space correlation.

The recovery of component 1,2 and 3 in wide screen is lined by line scan receiver finished by utilizing to handle in the frame in transmitter and receiver.This processing is relevant with the element 38,64 and 76 of transmitter system among Fig. 1 and Fig. 1 a, and relevant with the relevant elements in the receiver that will be discussed.Frame inner average is a kind of signal adjustment technology, this technology makes two visually relevant signals prepare to combine mutually, so that can effectively, accurately recover these two signals thereafter, for example by means of a field memory device, with regard to image display signal, even under the situation that motion occurs, also can avoid (vertical-time) V-T to crosstalk.The sort signal adjustment that is used for this purpose comprises substantially with the field being that the basis makes two signals identical; Promptly obtain to be separated by one, have two samplings of identical numerical value.Frame inner average is a convenient technique that reaches this purpose, but also can adopt other technology.Frame inner average be substantially linear, the time the digital pre-filtering that becomes and the process of post-filtering, to guarantee accurately to recover two visually relevant composite signals.Utilization in the transmitter coding device in horizontal prefilter and the receiver protection between the postfilter bring elimination of level to crosstalk.

Frame inner average is a kind of form that paired pixel is handled.Frame inner average in time domain is handled and is made general description by Fig. 1 c, wherein, by the pixel (A, B and C, D) for the 262H of being separated by average make identical to becoming.Each centering, mean value has replaced original value.Fig. 1 d handles from the angle explanation frame inner average of Fig. 1 system.From component 2 and 3, for the pixel (picture element) of the 262H of in a frame, being separated by to averaging, with mean value (X for example ₁, X ₃And Z ₁, Z ₃) replace original pixel value.This V-T on average appears within the frame and does not cross the frame boundary line.Under the situation of component 1, frame inner average only carries out the central information that surpasses about 1.5MHz, so that do not influence the vertical detail information of lower frequency.Under the situation of component 1 and 2, frame inner average is in whole look frequency band, the composite signal that comprises luminance component (Y) and chromatic component (C) is carried out.The chromatic component of composite signal holds out against frame inner average, and this is because the pixel of the 262H of being separated by is " homophase " to colour subcarrier.Phase place for new alternated subcarrier is controlled, and the pixel that makes it for isolated 262H is strict anti-phase, not as the phase place of color sub-carrier.Like this, after component 2 and 3(quadrature modulation) when being added on the component 1 in unit 40, the pixel of the 262H of being separated by has (M+A) and form (M-A), herein, M is a sampling that surpasses the main composite signal of 1.5MHz, and A is a sampling of auxiliary modulated signal.

In fact the V-T that has eliminated frame inner average crosstalks, and also is like this even exist under the situation of motion.About this point, frame inner average is handled the identical sampling that produces the 262H of being separated by.In receiver, by following that will be discussed, for the pixel of the 262H of within a frame, being separated by sampling carrying out single treatment, with accurate these sample intelligence contents of not recovering (promptly have and crosstalk), thereby the information of recovering main signal and auxiliary signal is a simple thing.In receiver decoder, can intactly recover the raw information of frame inner average come out by handling basically in the frame, this be owing to the information that makes original height correlation visually from one to another essentially identical reason.

In receiver, utilize synchronous radio frequency wave detector to carry out quadrature demodulation equally for the radio-frequency channel.Thereby component 4 and other three components are separated.Utilize handle in the frame whose modulated components 2 and 3 and component 1 separate, utilize quadrature demodulation that component 2 and 3 is separated, discussed below with reference to Figure 13.

After four components are recovered out, carry out the NTSC decoding and be separated into luminance component and chromatic component for composite signal.For important execution inverse transformation, to recover the ratio of width to height of wide screen; Edge strip high frequency and edge strip low frequency are combined, to recover the resolution of whole edge strip.The high frequency luminance detailed information of having expanded is moved on in its original frequency range, and be added on the luminance signal, utilize temporal interpolation and " auxiliary " signal that they are transformed to progressive-scan format.Utilizing independently, temporal interpolation is for conversion into progressive-scan format to carrier chrominance signal.At last, brightness and colourity progressive-scan signal are for conversion into analog form and go forward side by side the row matrix conversion with generation utilize wide screen to line by line scan RGB colour signal that display unit shows.

Before the compatible widescreen coded system that Fig. 1 a is discussed, elder generation is with reference to signal waveform A and the B of figure 2.Signal A is the wide screen signaling of 5: 3 the ratio of width to height, and it will be converted into the drawn standard NTSC compatible signal with 4: 3 the ratio of width to height as signal B.Wide screen signaling A comprises relevant with main pictorial information and occupies the core of time interval tc, and relevant with less important pictorial information and occupy the left and right edge strip part of time interval TS.In this example, left and right edge strip presents basic the ratio of width to height that equates, and less than the ratio of width to height of the central information that between them, dominates.

By certain edge strip information is compressed in the horizontal overscan zone relevant with time interval TO fully, wide screen signaling A is for conversion into NTSC signal B.Standard NTSC signal has active line time interval TA(and continues 52.6 μ S); TA comprises: the demonstration time interval TD of overscanning time interval TD display video information, whole horizontal line time interval TH continues 63.556 μ S.Time interval TA and TH are identical for wide screen for standard NTSC signal.Have now found that nearly all user's television receiver all has the overscanning time interval, it occupies 4% of total active line time T A at least, and 2% overscanning is promptly respectively arranged in and arranged on left and right sides.The interlacing sampling frequency be 4fcc(herein fcc be the look subcarrier frequency) time, each horizontal line time interval comprises 910 pixels (picture element), 754 pixels wherein constitute active line pictorial information to be shown.

The width-screen EDTV system is illustrated in greater detail in Fig. 1 a.With reference to figure 1a, 525 row, 60/second wide screen line by line scan gamma camera 10 provide have R, G, B component and in this example, the ratio of width to height is 5: 3 a wide screen color signal.Also can use the interlace signal source, but the progressive-scan signal source produces effect preferably.The wide screen gamma camera is compared with standard NTSC gamma camera and is had bigger the ratio of width to height and bigger video bandwidth, and wherein to be proportional to its ratio of width to height and the total line number of every frame long-pending for the video bandwidth of wide screen gamma camera.Suppose to utilize the wide screen gamma camera to carry out constant scanning, cause that video bandwidth correspondingly increases when then its ratio of width to height increases, and, be 4: 3 standard TV receiver when coming shows signal when adopting the ratio of width to height, cause the level compression of pictorial information.Owing to these reasons, must improve wide screen signaling for full NTSC is compatible.

The colour-video signal that utilizes Fig. 1 encoder system to handle comprises luminance signal and chroma signal component.This luminance signal and carrier chrominance signal all comprise low frequency and high-frequency information, will be called " low frequency " and " high frequency " in the following discussion.

In unit 12, carry out matrixing from the wide frequency band screen of gamma camera 10 colour signal of lining by line scan, from R, G, B colour signal, to draw luminance component Y and color difference signal component I and Q.Take a sample for broadband progressive-scan signal Y, I, Q with 8 times of color sub-carriers (8fsc), and vertical-time (V-T) low pass filter that separates in utilizing filter cell 16 carries out filtering respectively with before signal YF, the IF and QF that produce filtering, utilizes the A-D converter (ADC) that separates in the A-D converter unit 14 to be transformed to numeral (binary system) form from analog signal respectively.Among signal YF, IF and the QF each all is the form shown in the waveform A among Fig. 2.Separately filter is the constant filter of 3 * 3 linear sessions of following that will discuss, Figure 10 d shown type.These filters have reduced vertically-temporal resolution a little, diagonal V-T resolution particularly is to prevent progressive scanning conversion disagreeable interlacing artefact (for example flicker, toothed edge and other relevant confusion effect) in the main signal (component 1 among Fig. 1) after the interlacing scan.In the stationary part of image, filter has almost kept whole vertical resolutions.

Central information spreading coefficient (CEF) is the function of the difference of shown image width of wide-screen receiver and the shown image width of reference receiver.The ratio of width to height is that the image width of 5: 3 wide screen displays is that the ratio of width to height is 4: 3 1.25 times of standard indicator image width.This 1.25 coefficient is preliminary central information spreading coefficient, must adjust so that the overscan regions of reference receiver is counted it, and slight overlapping calculation artificial in the borderline region between the following center that will be explained and the edge strip interior.These consider that limiting CEF is 1.19.

Present the bandwidth of 0-14.32MHz from the progressive-scan signal of filter network, and to interlacing scan (I) converter 17a, 17b and 17c these progressive-scan signals are transformed to 2: 1 interlace signals respectively by means of line by line scan (P), the details of P-I converter is discussed below in conjunction with Figure 22 and Figure 23.Be rendered as 0-7.16MHz from output signal IF ', the QF ' of converter 17a-17b and the bandwidth of YF ', this is because the horizontal scan rate of interlace signal is half of progressive-scan signal speed.In this conversion process, carry out sub-sampling for progressive-scan signal, the sampling of extracting half available pixel is to produce 2: 1 interlacing main signal.Particularly, by odd-numbered line in keeping every or even number line, and read the pixel that is kept, each progressive-scan signal is transformed to 2: 1 interlaced format with 4fsc speed (1.432MHz), thereafter, whole digital processings of interlace signal are all carried out with the speed of 4fsc.

Network 17c also comprises error prediction network, the output signal YF ' of network 17c is the line by line scan brightness form of the sub-sampling of interlacing of component of pre-filtering, another output signal (brightness) YT of network 17c comprises the temporal information that draws from the image field difference information, and signal YT is illustrated in the brightness sampling actual value of " having lost " in the receiver and time prediction error or the temporal interpolation error between the predicted value, as following will be illustrated.This prediction is based on the time average of available in the receiver " in front " and " back " pixel amplitude.Signal YT is brightness " auxiliary " signal that helps to reconstitute progressive-scan signal in receiver, and the Error Calculation that YT is mainly produced the expection receiver with respect to the nonstatic picture intelligence is interior, and has simplified and eliminate this error in receiver.In visual stationary part, this error is 0, and has carried out good signal reconstitute in receiver.Have now found that because human eye is for the vertical detail that lacks colourity or its time details and insensitive, so do not need colourity " auxiliary " signal in actual conditions, the brightness auxiliary signal just has been enough to the result that produces.Fig. 2 a explanation is used for producing the algorithm of " auxiliary " signal YT.

With reference to figure 2a, pixel A, the X in the progressive-scan signal occupies identical locus with B in an images.For example the black pixel of A and B is launched as main signal, can obtain in receiver.For example the white pixel of X is not then launched, and by the time frame consensus forecast be (A+B)/2.Here it is, averages the pixel X that predicts " losing " by the amplitude for " in front " and " back " pixel A and B in encoder.From actual value X, cut this predicted value (A+B)/2, to produce corresponding to " auxiliary " signal and have according to expression formula X-(A+B)/the prediction error signal of 2 amplitude.Except the time frame average information, this expression formula has also been determined the time field difference information.Carry out horizontal low-pass filtering for " auxiliary " signal and send out by means of the low pass filter of 750KHz as " auxiliary " signal YT.Must be with limit for " auxiliary " signal, be restricted to 750KHZ, after preventing being modulated on the radio frequency pix carrier, disturb next lower radio-frequency channel to " auxiliary " signal.In receiver,, carry out similar prediction for the pixel X that disappears, and the prediction error is added on this predicted value by averaging for sampling A and B.Just, by predicated error X-(A+B)/2 be added on the time average (A+B)/2 and recover X.Therefore, " auxiliary " signal has been simplified the format conversion of lining by line scan from being interlaced to.

Utilize " auxiliary " signal that disclosed time prediction algorithm produces and some to utilize other algorithm (for example at " IEEE procceedings, consumer electronics " in August, 1987, CE-33 rolled up on the 146th～153 page of the 3rd phase, paper that M.Tslnbecrg writes " ENTSC(expands NTSL) the compatible HDTV(high definition TV of two passages) system " algorithm that is used for producing capable differential signal of describing) prediction signal that is produced is compared, and advantageously it is the low energy signal.In the stagnant zone of image, perfect owing to recording in advance, so error energy is zero.Static or static substantially image (being the news broadcast of feature with the announcer facing to static background for example) shows as the low energy situation.Have now found that to produce toad worker's product minimum disclosed algorithm reconstitutes image in receiver after, and " auxiliary " signal that utilizes disclosed algorithm to produce is still after about 750KHZ in its band limit (filtered) useful." auxiliary " signal that utilizes disclosed algorithm generation advantageously is rendered as zero energy, so " auxiliary " signal relevant with still image is not subjected to the influence of filtering when having still image information.Even under the situation of not launching " auxiliary " signal, also can produce the wide-screen image that reconstitutes that has highly improved.In this case, the static part of image will be more clear than standard NTSC image, but motion parts " blurs some ", and may present " beat " artefact.Therefore, speech amplifier needn't just be launched " auxiliary " signal when beginning, but can upgrade radio frequency transmission in a period of time selection thereafter.

Disclosed time the prediction system to have than standard line frequency high line by line scan and interlaced scanning system all is available, but, the progressive-source work that use has the pixel A, the X that occupy same spatial location in an images and a B gets best, and progressive-source produces perfect prediction for still image.If but original wide-screen image from the interlace signal source, even so in the stationary part of an images, time prediction also will be incomplete.In this case, " auxiliary " signal will have than macro-energy, and introduce a small amount of artefact in the stationary part that reconstitutes image.Experiment shows, when using the interleaved signal source, only observes on hand and just can see some artefacts, and resulting result is acceptable.But the progressive-scan signal source is introduced artefact hardly and is produced better result.

Get back to Fig. 1 a, utilize horizontal low pass filter 19a, 19b and 19c to carry out filtering respectively for interlacing wide screen signaling IF ', QF ' and YF ', have the signal IF ", with 0-600KHZ bandwidth signal QF " of 0-600KHZ bandwidth and signal YF " with 0-5MHz bandwidth with generation from converter 17a-17C.After this, carry out the form encoding process, each coding in these signals is become 4: 3 forms by means of the format encoding device relevant with edge strip-center signal separator and processor unit 18 for these signals.In brief, carry out temporal extension and " conversion " to display part for the core of every line width screen signal with 4: 3 the ratio of width to height active line time.Temporal extension reduces bandwidth, makes original wide screen interlacing frequency and standard NTSC bandwidth compatibility.The edge strip division is become horizontal frequency band, make the colored high fdrequency component of I and Q be rendered as 83KHz-600KHz bandwidth (shown in signal H among Fig. 7), Y brightness high fdrequency component is rendered as 700KHz-5MHz bandwidth (shown in signal YH among Fig. 6).Edge strip low frequency (that is, signal YO, IO and the QO of Chan Shenging) as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 comprises the DC(direct current) component, and it is carried out time compression, then, their " conversion " in left and right level image overscan regions of each row.Separately handle for the edge strip high frequency.Below the details of this form encoding process will be described immediately.

In the process of considering following coding details, consider that also Fig. 1 e is helpful, Fig. 1 e has described the process of encoding for component 1,2,3 and 4 from the angle of shown center and edge strip information.Utilize edge strip one center signal separator and processor 18 for interlace signal IF of filtering ", QF " and YF " handle, to produce three groups of output signal: YE, IE and QE; YO, IO and QO; And YH, IH and QH.Handle the central components signal that comprises whole bandwidth with generation for preceding two groups of signals (YE, IE, QE and YO, IO, QO), and be compressed to the edge strip brightness low frequency in the horizontal overscan zone.Handle the signal that comprises the edge strip high frequency with generation for the 3rd group of signal (YH, IH, QH).When these signal combination are got up, just produced NTSC compatible widescreen signal with 4: 3 demonstration the ratio of width to height.The circuit details that comprises unit 18 will be in conjunction with Fig. 6, and Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 illustrate and discussed.

Signal YE, IE comprise whole central information with QE and be rendered as with Fig. 3 in signal YE shown in identical form, in brief, signal YE is from signal YF " draw, as described below." comprise pixel 1-754, these pixels appear at the active line of wide screen signaling in the time interval to wide screen signaling YF, and this wide screen signaling comprises edge strip and central information.By the time separating treatment broadband central information (pixel 75-680) is extracted as center brightness signal YC.Spreading coefficient 1.19(is 5.0MHz-4.2MHz with the center) carry out temporal extension for signal YC, to produce the center signal YE of NTSC compatibility.Owing to carried out temporal extension with coefficient 1.19, signal YE is rendered as the compatible bandwidth (0-4.2MHz) of NTSC.The image that signal YE has occupied between two overscan regions TO shows time interval TD(Fig. 2).Signal IE and QE produce from signal IF " and QF " respectively, and have carried out similar processing by the mode of signal YE.

Signal YO, IO and QO provide the low frequency edge strip information that is inserted in the left and right horizontal overscan zone (" low frequency ").Signal YO, IO and QO present with Fig. 3 in identical form shown in the signal YO.In brief, signal YO is from signal YF " draw, as described below.Wide screen signaling YF comprises left side bar information relevant with pixel 1-84 and the right bar information relevant with pixel 671-754.As following will be discussed, " carry out the brightness low frequency signal that low-pass filtering has the 0-700KHz bandwidth with generation, from this signal, left and right edge strip low frequency information (the signal YL ' among Fig. 3) is extracted for signal YF by the time separating treatment.YL ' carries out time compression for the brightness low frequency signal, so that produce the edge strip low frequency signal YO with low frequency information of having compressed in the overscanning district relevant with 741-754 with pixel 1-14.The edge strip low frequency signal that has compressed presents the bandwidth (BW) that is directly proportional and increases with the time compression amount.Signal IO and QO produce from signal IF " and QF " respectively, and have carried out similar processing in the mode of signal YO.

For example utilize edge strip-center signal combiner 28(, the time multiplexer) signal YE, IE, QE and YO, IO, QO are combined, have signal YN, IN and the QN of the compatible bandwidth of NTSC and 4: 3 the ratio of width to height with generation.These signals all are the forms of signal YN shown in Figure 3.Combiner 28 also comprises and is used for the balanced proper signal delayer of wanting the transit time of composite signal.This equalizing signal delayer also is included in and requires equalizing signal other place of transit time in the system.

Modulator 30, band pass filter 32, H-V-T band stop filter 34 and combiner 36 have constituted improved NTSC signal coder 31.Utilizing modulator 30, is carrier chrominance signal IN and QN quadrature modulation on the subcarrier sc of NTSC look subcarrier frequency (being generally 3.58MHZ) to frequency, to produce modulated signal CN.Modulator 30 is traditional design, is described below in conjunction with Fig. 9.On vertical (V) and time (T) direction, carry out bandpass filtering by means of two dimension (V-T) filter 32 for modulated signal CN, filter 32 removes the string shape artefact in this interlacing carrier chrominance signal before on the carrier chrominance signal input that the interlacing carrier chrominance signal is added to combiner 36 as signal CP.For brightness signal Y N before on the luminance input that is added to combiner 36 as signal YP, by means of three-dimensional H-V-T band resistance filter 34, at level (H), vertically carry out bandreject filtering on (V) and time (T) direction, carry out filtering for brightness signal Y N and color difference signal IN and QN, be used for guaranteeing after then having carried out the NTSC coding, will reducing bright/look string shape significantly.Hyperspace/termporal filter for example, H-V-T filter 34 among Fig. 1 a and V-T filter 32 comprise the structure shown in Figure 10 that then will be discussed.

H-V-T band stop filter 34 among Fig. 1 a is rendered as the structure of Figure 10 b, and removes the component of the diagonal frequency that moves upward from brightness signal Y N.These frequency components look and are similar to the color sub-carrier component, above-mentioned those frequency components are removed so that produce a dead space in frequency spectrum, and modulated carrier chrominance signal is inserted in this dead space.The component of removing the diagonal line frequency that moves upward from brightness signal Y N is the shown image of deterioration significantly, and this is because determined that human eye is for the in fact also insensitive reason of this frequency component.Filter 34 presents the cut-off frequency of about 1.5MHZ so that do not damage the brightness vertical detail information.

V-T tape track filter 32 has reduced chrominance bandwidth, makes modulated colourity edge strip information to be inserted into to utilize in the dead space that filter 34 forms in luminance spectrum.Filter 32 has reduced the vertical and temporal resolution of chrominance information, and it is fuzzy that edge static and motion is had slightly, but since human eye for this effect and insensitive, so this influence does not exist or inessential.

Output center/edge strip low frequency signal C/SL from combiner 36, comprise from the central information of wide screen signaling, drawing of to show, the NTSC compatible information, and from the wide screen signaling edge strip, draw, be positioned at/edge strip of the compression low frequency in the left and right horizontal overscan zone that spectators can't see of NTSC receiver display (comprise brightness and colourity the two).In overscan regions, compress the component part that edge strip low frequency representative is used for the edge strip information that wide screen shows.Another component part is that the edge strip high frequency utilizes processor 18 to produce, and will be discussed below.By Fig. 4 edge strip high-frequency signal YH(brightness high frequency is described), the IH(I high frequency) and the QH(Q high frequency).Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 explanation are used for producing the device of these signals, and be as described below.In Fig. 4, signal YH, IH comprise the left side bar high-frequency information relevant with left side bar pixel 1-84 with QH, and the right bar high-frequency information relevant with the right bar pixel 671-754.

Utilize frame inner average device 38 to handle to produce signal N, signal N is added on the input of adder 40 for the core of signal C/SL.Because the high visual correlation of pictorial information in the frame of signal C/SL, the signal N of frame inner average and signal C/SL are basic identical.Averager 38 averages for the signal C/SL that surpasses about 1.5MHZ, and nation helps and reduces or eliminate main signal and crosstalk with the vertical-time between auxiliary signal.1.5MHZ that is worked for frame inner average device 38 and the high-pass equipment scope that surpasses 1.5MHZ are selected, to guarantee realizing whole frame inner averages for 2MHz and the information that surpasses 2MHz, to stop because the frame inner average processing makes brightness vertical detail information deterioration.Protection by means of 200KMHz brings elimination of level to crosstalk, this boundary belt the filter relevant with frame inner average device 38 in the encoder 31 and and Figure 13 decoder in the frame between the relevant filter of processing unit.Figure 11 b illustrates the details of averager 38 in the high-frequency frame.Figure 11 b and Figure 13 then will be discussed.

The NTSC encoder 60 that utilization is similar to encoder 31 becomes the NTSC form to signal IH, QH and YH coding.Particularly, encoder 60 comprises the device of type shown in Figure 9, and to be used for edge strip colourity high frequency quadrature modulation be to produce signal NTSCH, the i.e. device of the edge strip high-frequency information of NTSC form to frequency on the edge strip brightness high-frequency information of 3.58MHz.Fig. 5 illustrates this signal.

When comprising, receiver in NTSC encoder 31 and 60, adopt the multidimensional bandpass filtering advantageously to allow receiver brightness and chromatic component not to be separated when being used for the complementary multi-C filtering of separating luminance and chrominance information with in fact crosstalking.Adopt complementary filter to be called collaboration process to bright/look Code And Decode, in " SMPTE periodical " in August, 1986, the 95th volume, the 8th phase, C.H Strolle writes in the paper that is entitled as " collaboration process that is used for improving bright-Se separation " and has done to go through on the 782-789 page or leaf.Even use the reference receiver of traditional notch filter and row comb filter, also will acquire benefit from presenting the encoder that has reduced bright-color crosstalk, adopting the multidimensional pre-filtering.

Utilize unit 62 to carry out temporal extension had for the 50 μ S active line time intervals (promptly less than about 52 μ S the standard NTSC active line time interval) with generation the edge strip of expansion high-frequency signal ESH for signal NTSCH.Particularly, as shown in Figure 5, this expansion is by the left side bar pixel 1-84 " conversion " of signal NTSCH is finished to " conversion " process on the signal ESH pixel location 15-377, promptly the left side bar high frequency of signal NTSCH is expanded to half of seizing signal ESH line time almost.The right bar part (pixel 671-754) for signal NTSCH is similarly handled.Temporal extension is handled the horizontal bandwidth (comparing with the bandwidth of signal NTSCH) that has reduced the information that comprises signal ESH with coefficient 363/84.Be used for " conversion " process of deadline expansion, can utilize shown in Figure 12-12d and will finish in conjunction with the sort of device that these figure are discussed.Utilize the network 64 of Figure 11 a shown type to carry out frame inner average, to produce the illustrated signal X of Fig. 5 for signal ESH.Because the high visual correlation of pictorial information in the frame of signal ESH, so the signal X of frame inner average is basic identical with signal ESH.Signal X is added on the signal input part of quadrature modulator 80.

Utilize passband also signal YF ' to be carried out filtering for the horizontal band pass filter 70 of 5MHz-6.0MHz.Is the output signal from filter 70 that the level brightness high-frequency signal is added on the amplitude modulator 72, and at this, this signal carries out amplitude modulation for the carrier signal fc of 5MHz.Amplitude modulator 72 comprises that cut-off frequency is about the output low pass filter of 1.0MHz, so that obtain to have the signal of 0-1.0MHz passband on the output of amplitude modulator 72.Utilize the low pass filter of 1.0MHz that (obscuring) sideband (5.0-6.0MHz) of going up that produces in the modulated process is removed.In fact, as the result of amplitude modulation processing and subsequent low-pass filtering, level brightness high frequency in the 5.0MHz-6.0MHz scope is moved on in the 0-1.0MHz scope.Carrier amplitude should be enough big, makes to utilize the 1.0MHz low pass filter to carry out after the filtering, and original signal amplitude can remain.Here it is, the impregnable frequency displacement of the amplitude that produced.

By means of form encoder 74 for encode from the high-frequency signal of frequency displacement level brightness of unit 72 (time compression).Here it is, 74 pairs of the encoders level brightness high frequency of frequency displacement are encoded, by utilizing the technology that to be discussed in conjunction with Fig. 6-Fig. 8, make this signal be rendered as the active line time interval of 50 μ S (less than the standard NTSC active line time interval of 52.6 μ S) when utilizing encoder 74 to carry out time compression for the signal on the input coding device 74, its bandwidth increases to 1.1MHz from about 1.0MHz on the output of encoder 74.By means of being similar to the illustrated device of Figure 11 a 76, before being added on the unit 80 as signal Z, it is carried out frame inner average to signal from encoder 74.Because from the high visual correlation of pictorial information in the frame in the signal of encoder 74, thus the signal Z of frame inner average with basic identical from the signal of encoder 74.Modulation signal X promptly comprises the composite signal of brightness and chrominance information, and modulation signal Z presents essentially identical bandwidth, is about 0-1.1MHz.

As will being discussed in conjunction with Figure 24, before signal X and Z carried out quadrature modulation for alternated subcarrier signal ASC, unit 80 carried out the amplitude compression of non-linear gamma function for the skew significantly of these two auxiliary signal X and Z.Gamma selects 0.7 for use, whereby, and 0.7 power of the absolute value involution of each sampling, and multiply by the symbol of original samples value.The gamma compression has reduced the observability that is offset potential interference significantly of modulated signal in the existing receiver, because the inverse of the gamma function that encoder adopted is predictable and can realizes at an easy rate in receiver decoder, so, allow in wide-screen receiver and predictably recover.

Then, the signal in orthogonal of amplitude compression is modulated on the 3.1075MHz phase control alternated subcarrier ASC, 3.1075MHz is the odd-multiple (395 * H/Z) of half-line frequency.The phase place that makes alternated subcarrier is from one to next alternately 180 °, and not as the phase place of color sub-carrier.The assisted modulation information overlap that the field alternating phase of another subcarrier allows signal X and Z and produces auxiliary information component A modulated auxiliary signal, the phase place complementation on chrominance information ₁,-A ₁, and A ₃,-A ₃, this has simplified in receiver and to utilize easy relatively field memory that supplementary is separated.In adder 40, the signal M of quadrature modulation is added on the signal N.The signal (being NTSF) that forms is the NTSC compatible signal of 4.2MHz.

For the purpose of compressing significantly, and the aforementioned non-linear gamma function that uses in encoder is the component part in non-linear companding (compression-expansion) system, this system also comprises the complementary gamma function that uses for for the purpose of the amplitude expansion in the wide-screen receiver decoder, as then will being discussed.Have now found that disclosed non-linear companding system has reduced the impact of auxiliary non-standard information to standard information significantly, not because the visible deterioration of the caused image of noise effect.The companding system utilizes non-linear gamma function to compress deviation significantly auxiliary, non-standard wide screen high-frequency information in encoder instantaneously, utilizes complementary non-linear gamma function to expand this high-frequency information accordingly simultaneously in decoder.Consequently, in disclosed compatible widescreen system (wherein, non-standard auxiliary wide screen information is split into low frequency and the HFS that is subjected to companding), the auxiliary high frequency information significantly of having reduced is caused, for the interference volume of existing standard video information.In decoder, carry out the nonlinear amplitude expansion for the high-frequency information that has compressed and do not cause excessive perceptible clutter, this is because high-frequency information is general relevant with the high image edge of contrast significantly, and human eye is for the insensitive reason also of the clutter on this edge.Above-mentioned companding is handled the minimizing along with the visible beat product, has also advantageously reduced the cross modulation product between alternated subcarrier and the color sub-carrier.

Luminance detail signal YT is rendered as the bandwidth of 7.16MHz, and by means of form encoder 78(for example in mode shown in Figure 6) encode for YT, weaving into is 4: 3 forms, also utilizes filter 79 to carry out horizontal low-pass filtering for YT, filters 750KHz to produce signal YTN.Before carrying out time compression, carry out low-pass filtering for edge strip part, filter 125KHz by means of the input low pass filter of form encoder 78; The input low pass filter of form encoder 78 is corresponding to the input filter 610 of device shown in Figure 6, and different is that its cut-off frequency is 125KHz.The edge strip high frequency has been removed.Therefore, signal YTN and main signal C/SL are space correlation.

Before signal YTN and NTSCF being added on the rf quadrature modulator 57 that is used to modulate the TV radio-frequency carrier signal, by means of digital-to-analog converter (DAC) unit 53 and 54, be signal YTN and NTSCF analog form from numeral (binary system) formal argument respectively.Subsequently, modulated RF signals is added on the transmitter 55, in order to broadcast away by antenna 56.

The alternated subcarrier ASC relevant with modulator 80 is horizontal synchronization, and has and selectedly guarantee that edge strip and central information have the frequency of enough separating degrees (for example 20-30db), and for not significant impact of the shown image of standard NTSC receiver.The ASC frequency preferably should be put frequency between the half-line frequency odd-multiple, so that do not produce the interference of the shown image quality of infringement.

For example the quadrature modulation that provided of unit 80 advantageously allows two narrow band signals are launched simultaneously.Carry out the minimizing that temporal extension has formed bandwidth for modulated high frequency signal, this requires consistent with the arrowband of quadrature modulation.Bandwidth reduces manyly more, and the interference that forms between the carrier and modulating signal may be just few more.In addition, the typical high energy DC component of edge strip information is compressed in the overscan regions and not with it with being modulation signal.Therefore, greatly reduce the energy of modulation signal, thereby also greatly reduce the potential interference of modulation signal.

Plan to be received by the NTSC of the coding compatible widescreen signal of antenna 56 broadcasting by NTSC receiver and these two kinds of receivers of wide-screen receiver, illustrated as Figure 13.

In Figure 13, the compatible width-screen EDTV interlaced television signal of broadcasting is received by antenna 1310 and is added on the antenna input of NTSC receiver 1312.Receiver 1312 is handled this compatible wide screen signaling with general fashion, show to produce image, this image shows to have 4: 3 the ratio of width to height, also have the widescreen edge strip information of partly compression (for example low frequency) in the invisible horizontal overscan of the spectators zone, also have partly (that is, " high frequency ") and be included in wide screen edge strip signal in another modulated subcarrier signal of interference standard operation of receiver not.

Also the compatible widescreen EDTV signal that utilizes antenna 1310 to receive is added to and shows that the video image wide screen with big the ratio of width to height (for example 5: 3) lines by line scan on the receiver 1320.Utilize input unit 1322 to handle for the widescreen signal that receives, unit 1322 comprises radio frequency (RF) tuner and amplifier circuit, produces the synchronous vision demodulator (quadrature modulator) of baseband video signal and A-D converter (ADC) circuit that is used for producing the baseband video signal (NTSCF) of binary form.Adc circuit carries out work with the sampling frequency of 4 times of color sub-carrier frequencies (4fsc).

Signal NTSCF is added on the frame inner treater 1324, and processor 1324 surpasses the information of 1.7MHz in capable to be handled for the image of the 262H of being separated by in the frame, so that the recovery main signal N and the auxiliary signal M of quadrature modulation basically with crosstalking.The horizontal crosstalk boundary belt of 200KHz is provided between the 1.5MHz lower limit operating frequency of unit 38 in the 1.7MHz of unit 1324 limit operating frequency and Fig. 1 a encoder.The signal N that has recovered is included in visually identical with main signal C/SL information, and this is that original main letter and C/SL have the reason of the high visual correlation of image in the frame owing to carried out after the frame inner average in Fig. 1 a encoder.

Signal M is coupled on quadrature demodulator and the amplitude expander cell 1326, comes demodulation auxiliary signal X and Z corresponding to the alternated subcarrier ASC with alternating phase, alternated subcarrier ASC is similar with the signal ASC that combines Fig. 1 a discussion.Demodulated signal X and Z are included in visually with the pictorial information of signal ESH with from the essentially identical information of signal pattern information of Fig. 1 a unit 74 outputs, this is that these signals have the reason of the high visual correlation of image in the frame owing to carried out after the frame inner average in Fig. 1 a decoder.Unit 1326 comprises that also the low pass filter of 1.5MHz is the high frequency demodulation product that twice replaces subcarrier frequency to remove unwanted frequency, be used for expanding the amplitude expander of (preceding compression) demodulated signal in addition, utilize inverse (γ=1/0.7=1.429), the just inverse of the performed non-linear compression function in unit 80 among Fig. 1 a of gamma function during expansion.

Unit 1328 carries out time compression for the edge strip high-frequency signal of coloud coding, makes them occupy its original time slot, thus restoring signal NTSCH.Unit 1328 utilizes the amount identical with unit 62 temporal extension of being carried out for signal NTSCH among Fig. 1 a to carry out time compression for signal NTSCH.

Brightness (Y) high frequency decoder 1330 is luminance level high-frequency signal Z decoding becoming wide screen form, this is " conversion " described herein by utilizing technology, with with Fig. 1 a encoder in carry out the identical amount of time compression for respective components, signal X carried out temporal extension finishes, as shown in figure 17.

Modulator 1332 from the signal amplitude modulation of decoder 1330 to the carrier wave fc of 5.0MHz.Then, utilize cut-off frequency to carry out high-pass filtering for amplitude-modulated signal, to remove lower sideband for the filter 1334 of 5.0MHz.In output signal from filter 1334, recovered 5.0 to 6.0MHz center frequency components, also recovered 5.0 to 6.0MHz edge strip frequency component.Signal from filter 1334 is added on the adder 1336.Signal NTSCH from compressor reducer 1328 is added to is used for a brightness high frequency and colourity high-frequency separating and comes, on the unit 1340 that produces signal YH, IH and QH.This can utilize the configuration of Figure 18 to finish.

By means of brightness separator 1342, the signal N from unit 1324 is separated into brightness and chromatic component YN, IN and the QN of its formation, separator 1342 can be similar to separator 1340, and can adopt the device of type shown in Figure 180.

Signal YH, IH, QI and YN, IN, QN are offered Y-I-Q format decoder 1344 as input signal, and decoder 1344 is brightness and chromatic component decoding becoming wide screen form.Carry out temporal extension for the edge strip low frequency, carry out time compression, the edge strip high frequency is added on the edge strip low frequency, utilize the principle of Figure 14, edge strip is spliced on the central information with the overlapping region of 10 pixels for central information.The details of decoder 1344 is shown in Figure 19.

Signal YF ' is coupled on the adder 1336 YF ' and signal plus in this adder from filter 1334.By this process, the horizontal luminance detail information of the high frequency of having expanded that has recovered is added on the decoded brightness signal Y F '.

By means of converter 1350,1352 and 1354, be signal YF ', IF ' and QF ' progressive-scan format from progressive-interlace conversion respectively.Brightness progressive scan converter 1350 also in response to " auxiliary " brightness signal Y T of decoder 1360 from form, decode for " auxiliary " signal YTN that has encoded by decoder 1360.Decoder 1360 becomes the wide screen form to signal YTN decoding, and 1360 are rendered as the structure that is similar to Figure 17.

I and Q converter 1352 and 1354 are undertaken average to produce the information of lining by line scan of losing by the row for the frame of being separated by, progressive-interlace conversion for lining by line scan.This can utilize the device of type shown in Figure 20 to finish.

Brightness progressive scanning conversion unit 1350 is except adding signal YT shown in Figure 21 configuration, and other all is similar to device shown in Figure 20.In this unit, the sampling YT of " auxiliary " signal is added on the time average to help to reconstitute the pixel of the lining by line scan sampling of losing.In the included line frequency frequency band of the capable differential signal of having encoded (coding back 750KHz), all time details have been recovered.Surpass this line frequency frequency band, signal YT is zero, therefore utilizes time average to reconstitute the sampling of losing.

By means of digital-to-analog converter 1362, before being added on video signal preprocessor and the matrix amplifier unit 1364, YF, IF and QF are transformed into analog form to widescreen progressive-scan signal YF, IF and QF.The video signal preprocessor parts of unit 1364 comprise that signal amplifies, DC level moves, peaking, brilliance control, contrast control and other traditional video processing circuit.Matrix amplifier 1364 combines brightness signal Y F and color difference signal IF and QF, to produce vision signal R, G, the B of COLOUR IMAGE VISUALIZATION OF HE.Utilizing display driver amplifier in the unit 1364 that these colour signals are amplified to is suitable for directly driving for example wide screen picture tube of wide screen color image display apparatus 1370() level.

Fig. 6 key diagram 1a processor 18 included, be used for from wide screen signaling YF " produce the device of signal YE, YO and YH.Utilize cut-off frequency " to carry out horizontal low-pass filtering,, signal YL is added on the input that subtracts each other combiner 612 for signal YF to produce low-frequency brightness signal YL for the input filter 610 of 700KHz.Utilize unit 614 for signal YF " postponing to postpone, " the YF after the time-delay with the signal processing of compensating filter 610 be added on another input of combiner 612 with time separator 616 on." and the signal YL of filtering has combined, produces high-frequency brightness signal YH on the output of combiner 612 the signal YF that has postponed.

" and signal YH and YL be added on the input that separator 616 separates, device 616 comprise be used for processing signals YF respectively ", YH and YL's separates (DEMUX) unit 618,620 and 621 the signal YF that has postponed.The details of separator 616 will be discussed in conjunction with Fig. 8.Separative element 618,620 and 621 draws full bandwidth center signal YC, edge strip high-frequency signal YH and edge strip low frequency signal YL ' respectively, and these signals such as Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are illustrated.

Utilize time spreading device 622 to carry out temporal extension, to produce signal YE for signal YC.Carry out temporal extension with the center spreading coefficient that is enough to reserve the position for signal YC for left and right horizontal overscan zone, center spreading coefficient (1.19) is the ratio of the width (pixel 175-680) that gives meter width (pixel 15-740) and signal YC of signal YE, as shown in Figure 3.

Utilize time compression device 628 to carry out time compression for signal YL ', to produce signal YO with the edge strip compressed coefficient.The edge strip compressed coefficient (6.0) is the width (for example left pixel 1-84) of signal YL ' counterpart and the ratio that gives meter width (for example left pixel 1-14) of signal YO, as shown in Figure 3.Time spreading device 622 and time compression device 628 can be types shown in Figure 12, as following will be discussed.

Signal IE, IH, IO and QE, QH, QO produce from signal IF " and QF " respectively, and its method is similar with device generation signal YE, the YH and the YO that utilize Fig. 6.Can be with reference to figure 7 to this, this figure explanation be used for from signal IF " the device of generation signal IE, IH and IO.With similar method, from signal QF " produce QE, QH and QO.

In Fig. 7, " after postponing; IF " is coupled on the separator 716 utilizing unit 714 for wide bandwidth screen signal IF, and subtracts each other in subtracting each other combiner 712 with low frequency signal IL from low pass filter 710 and to combine, to produce high-frequency signal IH.Utilize the separator 718,720 relevant with separator 716 with 721 respectively for the signal IF that has postponed " separate with signal IH and IL, with generation signal IC, IH and HL '.Utilize expander 722 to carry out temporal extension to produce signal IE, utilize compressor reducer 728 to carry out time compression to produce signal IO for signal IL ' for signal IC.Expand for signal IC to be similar to the center spreading coefficient of having discussed that is adopted for signal YC, compress for signal IL ' to be similar to the edge strip compressed coefficient of having discussed that is adopted for signal YL '.

Fig. 8 explanation can be used for the separator 816 of device 616 and Fig. 7 device 716 among Fig. 6.The device of Fig. 8 is that the angle of separator 616 from Fig. 6 illustrates.Input signal Y F " comprises 754 pixels determining pictorial information.Pixel 1-84 determines left side bar, and pixel 671-754 determines the right bar, and pixel 75-680 determines with left and right edge strip overlapping central information is arranged slightly.Signal IF " and QF " presents similarly overlapping.As will being discussed, have now found that this information overlap has been simplified in receiver center and edge strip combination (splicing), with basic elimination border artefact.

Separator 816 comprises first, second and the 3rd separator (DEMUX) unit 810,812 and 814, they respectively with left side bar, center, the right bar are information-related.Each separator unit has an input " A ", signal YH, YF, and " and YL is added to respectively on " A "; Also have an input " B ", (BLK) is added on " B " blanking signal.Blanking signal for example can be logical zero level or earth potential.As long as the signal of unit 810 selects input (SEL) to accept to represent first control signal that left side bar pixel 1-84 and the right bar pixel 671-754 exist from count comparator 817, unit 810 just extracts the output signal YH that comprises left and right edge strip high frequency from input signal Y H.In At All Other Times, the blanking signal of input-two rather than the YH signal on the input A are coupled on the output of unit 810 from second control signal of count comparator 817.Unit 814 and count comparator 820 are worked in a similar fashion, are used for drawing from signal YL edge strip low frequency signal YL '.Have only when representing that from the control signal of count comparator 818 central information pixel 75-680 exists, unit 812 is just signal YF " be coupled on its output from its input A, to produce center signal YC.

Make count comparator 817,818 and 820 be synchronized with vision signal YF by means of pulse output signals " from counter 822; The clocked signal that counter 822 is paid carrier frequency (4fsc) in response to four times of looks, and in response to from vision signal YF " the line synchronizing signal H that draws.From counter 822 each output pulse corresponding to pixel location along a horizontal line.Counter 822 presents count value and is-100 initial bias, this count value-100 is corresponding to 100 pixels from finishing at interval at the trailing edge of the horizontal synchronization pulse of time T Hs, to horizontal blanking time, and pixel 1 appears on the starting point that horizontal line shows the time interval when horizontal blanking time finishes at interval.Therefore counter 822 is expert at and is presented count value " 1 " on the starting point that shows the time interval.Also can utilize other counter configuration.The principle that separator 816 is adopted can also be applied on the multiplex machine that is used for carrying out opposite signal combination operation for example performed the sort of operation of edge strip among Fig. 1 a-central information combiner 28.

Fig. 9 illustrates the details of modulator 30 in Fig. 1 a encoder 31 and 60.In Fig. 9, the speed that signal IN and QN pay carrier frequency (4fsc) with four times of looks occurs, and signal IN and QN are added to respectively on latch 910 and 912.Latch 910 and 912 also accept to be used for figure signal IN and QN the 4fsc clocked signal and be added on the reversing phase switch signal input part of latch 910 and the 2fsc switching signal on the not reversing phase switch signal input part of latch 912.The output of the signal of latch 910 and 912 is combined into single output line, and on this output line, the signal on this output line is added on the signal input part of not paraphase latch 914 and paraphase latch 916 alternately to be appearred in signal I and Q.Carry out the clock of 4fsc speed for these latchs, these latchs are accepted the switching signal of look subcarrier frequency fsc respectively on paraphase and non-inverting terminal.Not paraphase latch 914 produces the output alternate sequence of positive signal I and Q, paraphase latch 916 produces negative polarity I and Q signal, promptly-I ,-Q exports alternate sequence, the output of latch 914 and 916 is combined into single output line, the right paired I of opposite mutually polarity and the alternate sequence of Q signal appear on this output line, that is, I, Q ,-I ,-Q ... or the like, constituted signal CN.Utilizing filter 32, the filtered version of signal CN and brightness signal Y N is being combined in unit 36, is Y+I, Y+Q, Y-I, Y-Q, Y+I, Y+Q with the generation form ... NTSC coded signal C/SL before, carry out filtering for CN.

Figure 10 explanation is by regulating weight coefficient a ₁-a ₉, can be rendered as (V-T) filter of the vertical time that the V-T band is logical, V-T is with resistance or V-T lowpass structures.The logical weight coefficient of using in the explanation of tables of Figure 10 a and the disclosed system relevant of V-T band with band stop filter structure.For example the H-V-T band stop filter of Fig. 1 a median filter 34 and the H-V-T band pass filter that for example comprises in Figure 13 decoder system, comprise the combination of horizontal low pass filter 1020 shown in Figure 10 b and V-T band stop filter 1021 respectively, and the combination of horizontal band pass filter 1030 shown in Figure 10 c and V-T band pass filter 1031.

In the H-V-T of Figure 10 b band stop filter, horizontal low pass filter 1020 presents given cut-off frequency and the low-frequency signal components of filtering is provided.In combiner 1023, this signal is combined with subtracting each other from the delay form of delay cell 1022 input signals, to produce high frequency component signal.By means of network 1024, before low frequency component being added on the additive combination device 1025 that is used to provide H-V-T bandreject filtering output signal, make this low frequency component be subjected to a frame delay.V-T filter 1021 presents V-T belt-resistance filter coefficient shown in Figure 10 a.The H-V-T band pass filter that for example is included in Figure 13 decoder is shown in Figure 10 c, the H-V-T band pass filter comprises the horizontal band pass filter 1030 with given cut-off frequency, links up 1030 for 1031 grades with the V-T band pass filter with V-T band pass filter coefficient shown in Figure 10 a form.

The filter of Figure 10 comprises memory cell (M) 1010a-1010h of a plurality of cascades, is used at corresponding tap t ₁-t ₉On continuous signal delay is provided, and be used to provide total filter delay.The signal that each tap transmitted is added to the input of multiplier 1012a-1012i respectively.Another input of each multiplier accepts to depend on the filtering character that will carry out respectively and the weight coefficient a that stipulates ₁-a ₉The character of filtering also defines the given delay of memory cell 1010a-1010h.Filter on the horizontal direction adopts the pixel memory element, and total like this filter delay is just less than time interval of a level image capable (1H).Filter on the vertical direction adopts capable memory element uniquely, and the filter on the time orientation adopts the frame memory element uniquely.Therefore, the H-V-T three-dimensional filter comprise pixel (＜1H), the (＞1H) combination of memory element, and the V-T filter only comprises back two kinds of memory elements of row (1H) and frame.Weighted taps (postponing mutually) signal from element 1012a-1012i is combined in adder 1015, to produce the output signal of filtering.

This filter is non-recursive, finite impulse response (FIR) (FIR) filter.The delay property that memory element provided depends on the signal type of wanting filtering and the size of crosstalking that can allow, in this example, and crosstalking between brightness, colourity and edge strip high-frequency signal exactly.The steepness of filter cut-off characteristics increases with the increase of the memory element quantity of cascade.

A separation filter of network 16 among Figure 10 d key diagram 1a, it comprises storage (delay) the unit 1040a-1040d of cascade; Relevant multiplier 1042a-1042e, these multipliers have appointment, be used for accepting from signal tap t ₁-t ₅The respective weight coefficient a of last signal ₁-a ₅; Also comprise signal combiner 1045,1045 the addition of weighting output signal, to produce output signal from multiplier 1042a-1042e.

Figure 11 a draws and is suitable for frame inner average device for the frame inner average device 64 of Fig. 1 a and 76.The input composite video signal is added on the delay network that comprises 262H delay element 1110 and 1112, also is added on the input of multiplexer (MUX) 1115, multiplexer 1115 is changed with field frequency speed in response to the switching signal of 30Hz.The multicircuit switch signal response of 30Hz is realized vertical synchronization in the vertical time interval lock-out pulse relevant with the input composite video signal.Another input of multiplexer 1115 is accepted the output signal from delay element 1112, combiner 1118 with mean coefficient 1/2 for after centre tapped output signal is weighted from multiplexer 1115 and between from delay element 1110 and 1112, these two signal plus are combined.This weight coefficient can be respectively by means of matrixing network suitable in the combiner 1118, or provides by means of the signal multiplier of the input signal road that is arranged in combiner 1118.

Signal " Y1+C1 " and " Y2+C2 " they are the composite colour video signals of 262H of being separated by in continuous first and second, and signal " M1 " is the output signal of frame inner average, for example, shown in Fig. 1 d.In first field interval, multiplexer 1115 is in input position " 1 " and signal Y2+C2 is sent to combiner 1118, and it and centre tapped signal Y1+C1 addition in combiner 1118 are to produce average output signal M1.In next, comprise signal value Y2+C2 on the centre cap between the delay element 1110 and 1112, and multiplexer 1115 is in position " 2 " to select the signal path from delay element 1112 outputs, delay element 1112 comprises signal value Y1+C1, therefore, the output signal M1 from combiner 1118 has obtained identical mean value.When described device produces the identical pixel of the 262H of being separated by, and be not limited to adopt average treatment.In order to produce weighted array required, that pixel is right, can adopt any weighted value, also can adopt the delay (changing) that is not 262H along with the relevant variation of multiplexer switching rate, this depends on the requirement of special system.

Figure 11 b explanation is suitable for the frequency selection frame inner average device for the frame inner average device 38 of Fig. 1 a.Except signal combination of subtracting each other relevant rather than added signal combination, and comprise among Figure 11 b that Figure 11 b comprises the configuration of Figure 11 a beyond filter 1130, gate circuit 1132 and the combiner 1134 with combiner 1128.In brief, the difference between the output representative graph image field of combiner 1128, and the mean value during representative graph 11a does not dispose.This difference is " counteracting " item basically, by combiner 1135 it is added back on the signal Y1+C1, and combiner 1134 is used for offsetting the difference between the sequential chart image field, to guarantee carrying out the average of equalization for the content of sequential chart image field.Filter 1130 carries out filtering for the counteracting item from combiner 1128 outputs, so that average treatment is restricted to desirable frequency range.Control to determine in the whole image time interval, when averaging processing, under described situation, be in the central area, to average, and do not comprise the edge strip zone of time compression for gate circuit 1132.

More precisely, the signal weighting coefficient that presents to the input signal path of combiner 1128 1/2 and-1/2 shown in being, so from poor corresponding to the information content that is input to the input signal (in opposite field, the 262H of being separated by in time) on the combiner 1128 of the output signal of combiner 1128.By in the corresponding input channel of combiner 1128, adopting signal multiplier, or just can provide complementary weight coefficient by combiner 1128 being configured as differential amplifier.Utilize the horizontal high pass filter 1130 of 1.5MHz, before the output signal from combiner 1128 was added to electric transmission gate circuit 1132, the output signal for 1128 was carried out filtering.In response to switch controlling signal, gate circuit 1132 only during the core of main signal (component 1) in, the high-frequency signal from filter 1130 output is passed through.At this moment, gate circuit 1132 is (conductings) of opening.And in during the edge strip of main signal time compression part, for example shown in the positive pulse of control signal in the time interval, gate circuit 1132 is (the not conductings) of closing.From the output signal of gate circuit 1132 and appear at composite video signal addition in combiner 1134 on the centre cap between delay element 1120 and 1122.In response to the vertical time interval lock-out pulse relevant with the input composite video signal, the control signal of gate circuit is vertical synchronization.The control signal of gate circuit also is horizontal synchronization.By in response to the horizontal line lock-out pulse component of input composite video signal with comprise the pixel counter, also can realize horizontal synchronization; This pixel counter has determined to follow the timing of the gate circuit control signal positive pulse component after each horizontal synchronizing pulse.Can easily between horizontal synchronizing pulse and first pixel, determine to give the fixed time interval.

Again simultaneously referring to Fig. 1 d and Figure 11 b, when position set and gate circuit 1132 shown in multiplexer 1125 is in are closed, then only appear on the output of combiner 1134 from the centre tapped composite video signal Y1+C1 between element 1120 and 1122.Therefore, at this moment, the output signal of combiner 1134 is edge strip information former state, that compressed with field 1 relevant composite video signal Y1+C1.When multiplexer 1125 planted oneself " 2 ", the output signal of combiner 1134 was edge strip information former state, that compressed with sequential chart image field 2 relevant composite video signal Y2+C2.

During multiplexer 1125 on the scene 1, be in a set, and, during the center time interval of edge strip between the time interval in, when gate circuit 1132 is closed, comprise signal component Y1+C1 and M1 from the output signal of combiner 1134.Component Y1+C1 comprises former state (that is, not frame inner average), is equal to or less than the central information of about 1.5MHz.Component M1 comprises above about 1.5MHz central information of frame inner average.In multiplexer 1125 is during field 2 subsequently, be in position " 2 "; And at the center in the time interval, when gate circuit 1132 is closed, comprise as previously discussed the component M1 and the component Y2+C2 of frame inner average from the output signal of combiner 1134.Back one-component comprises former state (not frame inner average), is equal to or less than the central information of about 1.5MHz.

Figure 12 explanation can be used for grating " exchange " device of Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 time spreading device and time compression device.In this respect, the waveform of Figure 12 a of reference explanation " conversion " process.Figure 12 a shows the waveform input signal S of the core that has between pixel 84 and 670, plans to handle these pixels " conversion " to the pixel location 1-754 of output waveform W by means of temporal extension.The end points pixel 1 of waveform S is become the end points pixel 1 and 754 of waveform W with 670 direct " conversion ".Because temporal extension can not be that " conversion " directly carried out on the basis with 1: 1 for middle pixel, and under many circumstances, can not be that " conversion " carried out on the basis with the integer.The explanation latter event is for example imported the integer pixel location 3 of the pixel location 85.33 of waveform S corresponding to output waveform W now.Therefore, the pixel location 85.33 of signal S comprises integer part (85) and fractional part DX(.33), and the pixel location 3 of waveform W comprises integer part (3) and fractional part (0).

In Figure 12, operating rate is illustrated in pixel location (1 on the output grating for the pixel counter of 4fsc provides ... 754) write address output signal M.Signal W is added to the PROM(programmable read only memory that comprises tracing table) on 1212, this tracing table comprises the programmable value that depends on grating " conversion " character (for example, compression or expansion) that will carry out.In response to signal W, PROM1212 provides the output of expression integer to read address signal N and expression and is equal to or greater than 0 but less than the output signal DX of 1 decimal.At signal DX is 6 bits (2 ⁶=64) under the situation, signal DX present fractional part 0,1/64,2/64,3/64 ... 63/64.

PROM1212 allows to expand or compress as the function of signal N storing value for video input signals S.Therefore, in response to the integer value of pixel location signal M, the programming value of reading address signal N and the programming value of fractional part signal DX are provided.For example,, PROM1212 is configured, makes 1212 to produce the low signal N of speed ratio signal M for the picked up signal expansion.On the contrary, for the picked up signal compression, PROM1212 provides speed ratio signal M high signal N.

Utilize pixel delay element 1214a, 1214b and the 1214c of cascade to postpone, to produce vision signal S(N+2 for video input signals S), S(N+1) and S(N), they are forms of delay mutually of video input signals.These signals are added on the video signal input terminal of corresponding dual-ported memory 1216a-1216d in the mode of knowing.Signal M is added on the write address input of each memory 1216a-1216d, signal N is added to reading on the address input end of each memory 1216a-1216d.Signal M determines where incoming video signal information is write memory, and which value signal N determines to read from memory.Memory can be read another address when writing an address.Output signal S(N-1 from memory 1216a-1216d), S(N), S(N+1) and S(N+2) present and depend on the temporal extension or the time compression form of memory 1216a-1216d read/write operation, it is the function how PROM1212 is programmed.

Utilize 4 linear interpolaters for signal S(N-1 from memory 1216a-1216d), S(N), S(N+1) and S(N+2) handle, this interpolater comprises peaking filter 1220 and 1222, PROM1225 and 2 linear interpolaters 1230, and their details is shown in Figure 12 b and 12c.Peaking filter 1220 and 1222 is from comprising signal S(N-1), S(N), S(N+1) and sets of signals S(N+2) accept three signals, as shown in the figure, also accept peaking signal PX.Peaking signal PX changes to 1 as the function of signal DX value from 0, shown in Figure 12 d, and utilizes PROM1225, provides PX in response to signal DX.PROM1225 comprises a tracing table and is programmed, to produce the PX set-point in response to the DX set-point.

Peaking filter 1220 and 1222 respectively vision signal S ' peaking, that postpone mutually (N) and S ' (N+1) offer 2 linear interpolaters 1230, interpolater 1230 is gone back acknowledge(ment) signal DX.Interpolater 1230 provides (compressed or expanded) video output signals, and herein, output signal W is limited by following expression formula:

W＝S′（N）+DX〔S′（N+1）-S′（N）〕

Described 4 interpolaters and peaking function are advantageously near individual interpolating function (the Sinx)/X that good high frequency details resolution is arranged of tool.

Figure 12 b illustrates peaking filter 1220 and 1222 and the details of interpolater 1230.In Figure 12 b, signal S(N-1), S(N) and S(N+1) be added on the weighting circuit 1240 in the peaking filter 1220, at this, be weighted for these signals with peakedness factor-1/4,1/2 and-1/4 respectively.Shown in Figure 12 c, weighting circuit 1240 comprises multiplier 1241a-1241c, is used for a signal S(N-1), S(N) and S(N+1) multiply each other with peakedness factor-1/4,1/2 and-1/4 respectively.From output signal addition in adder 1242 of multiplier 1241a-1241c, to produce the signal P(N of peaking); Signal P(N) in multiplier 1243, multiply by signal PX, to produce the signal of peaking; This signal in adder 1244 with signal S(N) addition, with the signal S ' that produces peaking (N).Peak filter 1222 presents similar structure and work.

In 2 interpolaters 1230, in subtracter 1232 from signal S ' (N+1) subtraction signal S ' (N), to produce differential signal, this differential signal be multiply by signal DX in multiplier 1234.From the output signal of multiplier 1234 in adder 1236 with (N) addition of signal S ', to produce output signal W.

Figure 15 illustrates the details of frame inner treater 1324 among Figure 13.The decoder device of Figure 15 is similar to the encoder apparatus of Figure 11 b substantially.

The composite video signal that is input to processor 1324 among Figure 15 comprises: in first, and signal component " Y1+C1 " and " M1+A1 ".In subsequently second, input signal comprises component " Y ₂+ C ₂" and " M ₁-A ₁".Component Y ₁+ C ₁, M ₁And Y ₂+ C ₂, M ₂Be the component that provides by frame inner treater 38, as having gone through in conjunction with Figure 11 b.Component+A ₁With-A ₁Expression is with another subcarrier signal of component 2 and component 3 modulation, and component 2 and component 3 are the information from unit 64 and 76 frame inner average.In this respect can be with reference to figure 1, Fig. 1 d, particularly Fig. 1 d.

The frame inner treater of Figure 15 is worked in the identical mode of configuration of Figure 11 b of discussing with the front.When multiplexer 1525 is in set, at the combiner 1528 outputs difference component of must showing up.By high pass filter 1530 filtering with by after unit 1532 gates, component-A1 consequently, when it in combiner 1534 with signal Y ₁+ C ₁, M ₁+ A ₁When combining, offset modulated intermediate subcarrier component (+A), to produce the main signal Y recovered ₁+ C ₁, M ₁The master signal component Y that has recovered ₁+ C ₁Be cut-off frequency 1.7MHz former state, that be lower than high pass filter 1530, and component M ₁Expression surpass about 1.7MHz, the central information of frame inner average.After passing through 1535 paraphase of module gain amplifier, a difference is offset (an A ₁) be the modulated auxiliary signal A that has recovered ₁

The main signal Y that has recovered ₁+ C ₁, M ₁Corresponding to the signal N among Figure 13, and utilize network 1342 to be for further processing, as mentioned above.The auxiliary signal A that has recovered ₁Corresponding to the signal M among Figure 13, and utilize network 1326 to carry out demodulation.

Figure 16 explanation is in the next image field of following, and network 1524(is as shown in figure 15) work.In the case, signal Y ₂+ C ₂, M ₁-A ₁Between delay element 1520 and 1522, produce, and multiplexer 1528 plants oneself " 2 ", be used for acknowledge(ment) signal Y1+C1, M1+A1.Output at combiner 1534 produces the main signal Y that has recovered ₂+ C ₂, M1, and recovered to have the modulated auxiliary signal-A1 of opposite phase.

In Figure 18, have the common H-V-T band pass filter 1810 of Figure 10 c structure and 3.58 ± 0.5MHz, signal NTSCH is led to subtract each other on the combiner 1814, combiner 1814 is also accepted by the later signal NTSCH of isostatic lag transit time device 1812.The brightness high-frequency signal YH that has separated appears on the output of combiner 1814.In response to color sub-carrier signal SC, utilize demodulator 1816, carry out quadrature demodulation for the NTSCH of filtering signal from filter 1810, be used for producing colourity high-frequency I H and QH.

In Figure 19,, signal YN, IN and QN are separated into edge strip low frequency YO, IO, QO that has compressed and center signal YE, IE and the QE that has expanded by means of edge strip-center signal separator (time separator) 1940.Separator 1940 can adopt the principle of separator 816 among Fig. 8 that the front discussed.

By means of time spreading device 1942, carry out temporal extension with edge strip spreading coefficient (corresponding to the time compression coefficient of Fig. 1 a encoder) for signal YO, IO and QO, to recover the luv space relation of edge strip low frequency in the wide screen signaling, represented as edge strip low frequency signal YL, the IL and the QL that have recovered.Similarly, in order to reserve the position to edge strip by means of time compression device 1944, with the center compressed coefficient (corresponding to the center spreading coefficient of Fig. 1 a encoder), carry out time compression for center signal YE, IE and QE, to recover the luv space relation of wide screen signaling center signal, represented as center signal YC, the IC and the QC that have recovered.Compressor reducer 1944 and expander 1942 can be the types shown in Figure 12 that discussed the front.

Utilize combiner 1946, edge strip low frequency YL, the IL and the QL that have recovered on the edge strip high frequency YH, the IH that have recovered on the space and QH and the space are combined, edge strip signal YS, the IS and the QS that reconstitute with generation.These signals are spliced on center signal YC, the IC and QC that reconstitutes by means of splicer 1960, to form wide screen brightness signal Y F ' that all reconstitutes and wide screen color difference signal IF ' and the QF ' that all reconstitutes.The splicing of edge strip signal and center signal component is to finish in the mode of in fact having eliminated borderline visible joint between center and edge strip, as seeing from follow the discussion of being done for splicer 1960 shown in Figure 14.

In Figure 20, utilize element 2010, before on the input that interlace signal IF ' (or QF ') is added to dual-ported memory 2020, IF ' (or QF ') is postponed 262H.Utilize element 2010, this inhibit signal in adder 2014 with the input signal addition before, the 262H that this signal added is postponed.Before on the input that the output signal from adder 2014 is added to dual-ported memory 2018, this signal is coupled on two subnetworks 2016.Memory 2020 and 2018 writes data with 8fsc speed sense data with 4fsc speed.Output from memory 2018 and 2020 is added on the multiplexer (MUX) 2022, is used for producing the progressive-scan signal IF(QF of output).Also show the waveform (two row) of explanation interlacing input signal and the waveform that explanation comprises the output signal of lining by line scan of pixel sampling C and X with the pixel sampling that is designated as C and X.

Figure 21 illustrates the device that is suitable for to the converter 1350 of signal YF ' among Figure 13.As shown in the figure, utilize element 2110 and 2112, before interlace signal YF ' is combined, YF ' delay in adder 2114.Inhibit signal from element 2110 is added on the dual-ported memory 2120.Output signal from adder 2114 is coupled on two subnetworks 2116, and the output 2116 is added on the signal YT in adder 2118.Output signal from adder 2118 is added on the dual-ported memory 2122.Memory 2120 and 2122 writes with 4fsc speed, reads with 8fsc speed, and output signal is offered the multiplexer 2124 that produces progressive-scan signal YF.

Figure 14 draws and is suitable for edge strip-centre matching device for splicer 1960 among Figure 19 for example.In Figure 14, shown in splicer comprise network 1410,1410 are used for producing full bandwidth brightness signal Y F ' from edge strip luminance signal component YS and center brightness signal component YC, also have I signal splicer 1420 and Q signal splicer 1430, and they are being similar to network 1410 aspect structure and the work.Make center and edge strip deliberately overlapping several pixels, for example 10 pixels.Therefore, before splicing, center and edge strip signal are shared the pixel of several redundancies in whole signal encoding and transmission course.

In wide-screen receiver, from corresponding signal, reconstitute center and edge strip signal, still, owing to carried out temporal extension, time compression and filtering for these signals, so, the unreliable or distortion of several pixels has been arranged on the border at edge strip and center.Overlapping region (OL) and insecure pixel (CP for the sake of clarity has exaggeration slightly) by with Figure 14 in the signal YS waveform relevant with YC show.If information does not have the overlapping region, then insecure pixel will be connected to each other, and will see one and seam.Have now found that the overlapping region of 10 pixels is enough wide for 3 to 5 insecure edge pixel of compensation.

Redundant pixel helps allowing edge strip in the overlapping region and central bars pixel was mixed before being added to signal YS on the signal combiner 1415, multiplier 1411 multiply by weighting function W in the overlapping region to edge strip signal YS, and is illustrated as relevant waveform.Similarly, before being added to signal YC on the combiner 1415, multiplier 1412 multiply by complementary weighting function (1-W) in the overlapping region to center signal YC, and is illustrated as relevant waveform.These weighting functions present the linear ramp type characteristic in the overlapping region, and comprise the value between 0 and 1.After the weighting, utilize combiner 1415, edge strip and central information addition, so each pixel that reconstitutes all is the linear combination of edge strip and center pixel.

Weighting function is preferably should be near 1 near the inside boundary of overlapping region, and at the outermost boundary, should be near 0.This will guarantee that insecure pixel has relatively little influence for the information boundary that reconstitutes.Above-mentioned linear ramp type weighting function can satisfy this requirement.Yet weighting function might not be linear, has the nonlinear function of curve or garden shape head, promptly also can adopt near weights 1 and 0.Carry out filtering by linear ramp type weighting function, can obtain such weighting function at an easy rate the above-mentioned type.

Weighting function W and 1-W can utilize the network that comprises tracing table at an easy rate and subtract each other combiner and produce, and this tracing table is in response to the input signal of expression pixel location.The lap position of edge strip-center pixel is known, according to providing 0 to 1 output valve corresponding to weighting function W, tracing table in response to input signal, comes like this tracing table is programmed.Input signal can produce with the whole bag of tricks, for example utilize by each horizontal synchronizing pulse synchronous counter.Complementary weighting function 1-W can produce by deduct weighting function W from 1.

Figure 22 illustrates the suitable device of signal YF among Fig. 1 a from the progressive-interlace conversion device 17c that lines by line scan that be.The part that has take a sample A, B, C and X shown in Figure 22 also is illustrated in vertical (V) and time (T) plane figure of input signal Y F that lines by line scan was also illustrating in Fig. 2 a.Progressive-scan signal YF is subjected to 525H by element 2210 and 2212 to postpone, so that produce sampling X and the A of relative delay from sampling B.Sampling B and A are added to remove on 2 networks 2216 before, the addition in adder 2214 B and A.The output signal of coming automatic network 2216 is subtracted each other combination with sampling X in network 2218, to produce signal YT.This signal is added on the individual input of switch 2220, this switch carries out work with the interlacing scan speed of twice.Another input of switch 2220 is accepted the YF of inhibit signal from delayer 2210 outputs.The output of switch 2220 is added on the dual-ported memory 2222, and this memory is read with 4fsc speed, writes with 8fsc speed, so that produce the signal YF ' and the YT of interlacing form on output.

Figure 23 illustrates the device that is suitable for to converter 17a and 17b among Fig. 1 a.In Figure 23, progressive-scan signal IF(or QF) be added on the dual-ported memory 2312 before, signal IF(or QF) be added on the 525 row delay elements 2310, memory 2312 is read with 4fsc speed, write with 8fsc speed, to produce interlacing output signal IF ' (or QF ').Also show the waveform that explanation has the input signal of lining by line scan of sampling C first and second row relevant with X, and the waveform of interlacing output signal (have first row of the sampling C that has elongated, speed is H/2).The first row sampling (C) of the input signal of form has been elongated in 2312 outputs of dual-ported memory.

Figure 24 illustrates the details of unit 80.Signal X and Z are added to respectively on the address input end of nonlinear amplitude compressor reducer 2410 and 2412. Compressor reducer 2410 and 2412 is the programmable read-only memory (prom) device, and each memory comprises a tracing table, and this tracing table comprises the programming value corresponding to required non-linear gamma compression function.This function by near unit 2412, instantaneous input to output response illustrate.X of compressed signal and Z from unit 2410 and 2412 data output ends are added to respectively on the signal input part of signal multiplier 2414 and 2416.Multiplier 2414 and 2416 benchmark input end are accepted corresponding, as to have mutually orthogonal phase relation alternated subcarrier signal ASC, that is, signal ASC is Sin and CoS form.Output signal addition in combiner 2420, to produce the signal M of quadrature modulation from multiplier 2414 and 2416.In the demodulator configuration of Figure 13, by traditional quadrature demodulation technology the signal X and the Z that have compressed are recovered out, the complementary non-linearity amplitude expansion of these signals utilizes the PROM with tracing table to carry out, and this tracing table is to programme with the value of PROMS 2410 and 2412 programming value complementations.

Claims (5)

1, a kind of equipment that receives the TV type signal of representing wide-screen image, described wide-screen image has edge strip partial images information and main screen pictorial information, the ratio of width to height of image aspect overgauge TV image, described representation signal comprises first component and main screen pictorial information, first component comprises the pictorial information of time compression to the edge strip part in the first component overscanning district

It is characterized in that, except described time compression information, the main screen pictorial information is carried out handling in the frame;

Its feature is that also described equipment comprises:

The device (1940) that the main screen pictorial information of handling in the edge strip pictorial information of the time compression of handling in the described not frame and the described frame is separated;

The information of handling in the described frame produces first signal processing apparatus (1944) of first output signal, and this first output signal comprises the signal that limits the main screen pictorial information;

The information of handling in the described not frame produces the secondary signal processing unit (1942) of second output signal, and this second output signal comprises the signal that significantly reduces the artifactitious edge strip pictorial information of diagonal that has of limiting time expansion;

Make up the device (1960) of described first and second output signals, be used for producing representative and between main screen and edge strip information, have the image that strengthens spatial resolution uniformity signal.

2, according to the equipment of claim 1, comprise the second component of handling in the frame, this second component also comprise picture resolution information (X, Z), described second component modulation intermediate subcarrier and do not modulate chrominance carrier; Described equipment comprises:

In response to described TV type signal, be used for separating the device (1324) of described first component and described modulated intermediate subcarrier;

The described intermediate subcarrier that has separated of demodulation is with the device (1326) that described second component is provided;

It is characterized in that,

In response to the information handled in the described frame of first component provide the first main screen output information signal and the edge strip information handled in the described not frame provides having of second temporal extension to significantly reduce the device (1940 of the artifactitious edge strip pictorial information of diagonal output signal, 1942) and

In response to described first and second output signals and described component, be used for producing the apparatus for processing of video signals (1946,1960) of image, this image has been represented has the inhomogeneity signal of the spatial resolution of enhancing between main screen and edge strip information.

According to the equipment of claim 1, it is characterized in that 3, described time compression pictorial information has low frequency information and do not comprise high-frequency information.

4, according to each equipment among the claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, handle in the described frame and comprise picture element is carried out frame inner average, producing picture element information sets in the mutually different frame, in frame of each group picture element information be basic complete with.

According to the equipment of claim 4, it is characterized in that 5, described frame inner average is that the image pixel to the space correlation that is separated by the even-multiple line-scanning period averages.

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