CN101653875B - Flux-cored hard facing welding electrode - Google Patents
Flux-cored hard facing welding electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN101653875B CN101653875B CN2009103079353A CN200910307935A CN101653875B CN 101653875 B CN101653875 B CN 101653875B CN 2009103079353 A CN2009103079353 A CN 2009103079353A CN 200910307935 A CN200910307935 A CN 200910307935A CN 101653875 B CN101653875 B CN 101653875B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flux-cored hard facing welding electrode which comprises a flux-cored core wire and an external coating, wherein in the first scheme, the flux core of the core wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40-55 percent of low-carbon ferrochromium, 15-25 percent of ferrotitanium, 5-20 percent of ferroboron, 2-6 percent of ferrosilicon and 10-15 percentof microcrystal graphite which amount to 100 percent; in the second scheme, the flux core of the core wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 45-60 percent of low-carbon ferrochromium, 10-20 percent of ferrotitanium, 5-18 percent of ferroboron, 2-6 percent of ferrosilicon and 12-15 percent of microcrystal graphite which amount to 100 percent; in the third scheme, the fluxcore of the core wire comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 50-60 percent of low-carbon ferrochromium, 15-25 percent of ferrotitanium, 5-20 percent of ferroboron, 2-6 percent offerrosilicon and 8-10 percent of microcrystal graphite; and the flux coating comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 35-45 percent of CaCO3, 20-30 percent of CaF2, 6-8 percent of SiO2, 3-5 percent of Al, 4-8 percent of mud graphite, 3-7 percent of Cr2O3, 4-6 percent of NaCO3 and 6-8 percent of TiO2 which amount to 100 percent. The welding electrode has high electric arc stability, element transition rate and overlaying layer hardness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of welding materials, be specifically related to flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Background technology
As extraordinary welding material, wear resisting surfacing deposited electrode is indispensable in engineering fields such as equipment manufacturing and reparations.On the one hand, arc surfacing can be used for the reparation of attrition parts, can recover accessory size, can obtain the surface that wearability strengthens again.On the other hand, technique for overlaying is applied to the new product manufacturing more and more, and the antifriction metal (AFM) heap is applied at component surface, not only gives part good surface abrasion resistance property, and reduces manufacturing cost.As the important component part in technique for overlaying field, the research and development of the novel surfacing welding efficient, cheap, that adaptability is extensive are the research emphasis in technique for overlaying field with using always.
The conventional stack welding rod adopts carbon steel core to be coated with the method preparation of alloying coating outward.The welding rod production technology is simple, and production efficiency is high.But the alloy scaling loss is serious in welding process, and element transition rate is low, causes element skewness in the deposited metal, and overlay cladding performance boost space is less.And the flux-cored hard facing welding electrode through the core wire alloying, alloying element transition rate is high, and the overlay cladding composition is even, but the core wire complex manufacturing, efficient is low, and cost is higher.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide three kinds of flux-cored hard facing welding electrodes, the surfacing layer metal alloying level is high, and element transition rate improves, and the overlay cladding average hardness is high, and elemental composition distributes more even in the deposited metal.
The technical scheme that the present invention adopted is; A kind of flux-cored hard facing welding electrode; Coating by medicine core core wire and external application is formed; The medicine core of said core wire is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 40%-55% low-carbon ferrochromium, 15%-25% ferrotianium, 5%-20% ferro-boron, 2%-6% ferrosilicon, 10%-15% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%; Said coating is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%-45%CaCO
3, 20%-30%CaF
2, 6%-8%SiO
2, 3%-5%Al, 4%-8% mudstone China ink, 3%-7%Cr
2O
3, 4-6%NaCO
3, 6%-8%TiO
2, add up to 100%.
Another technical scheme that the present invention adopted is; A kind of flux-cored hard facing welding electrode; Coating by medicine core core wire and external application is formed; The medicine core of said core wire is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 45-60% low-carbon ferrochromium, 10%-20% ferrotianium, 5%-18% ferro-boron, 2%-6% ferrosilicon, 12%-15% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%; Said coating is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%-45%CaCO
3, 20%-30%CaF
2, 6%-8%SiO
2, 3%-5%Al, 4%-8% mudstone China ink, 3%-7%Cr
2O
3, 4-6%NaCO
3, 6%-8%TiO
2, add up to 100%.
The 3rd technical scheme that the present invention adopted is; A kind of flux-cored hard facing welding electrode; Coating by medicine core core wire and external application is formed; The medicine core of said core wire is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 50%-60% low-carbon ferrochromium, 15%-25% ferrotianium, 5%-20% ferro-boron, 2%-6% ferrosilicon, 8%-10% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%; Said coating is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%-45%CaCO
3, 20%-30%CaF
2, 6%-8%SiO
2, 3%-5%Al, 4%-8% mudstone China ink, 3%-7%Cr
2O
3, 4-6%NaCO
3, 6%-8%TiO
2, add up to 100%.
The characteristics of above-mentioned three technical schemes of the present invention also are; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%; The percentage by weight that Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%; The percentage by weight that B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%, and the percentage by weight that the Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%.
Flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention is coated with the alloying coating outward through the core wire alloying, can use dc source, under less current condition, welds, and arc stability is good, and the rubescent tendency of coating is little; The removability of slag and the crack resistance of medicine core surfacing welding rod are good; The overlay cladding average hardness is high, is particularly suitable for the manufacturing and the reparation of industry equipments such as metallurgy, mine, machinery and water conservancy and hydropower.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the specific embodiment the present invention is elaborated.
Flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention; At first various alloy powders are mixed by a certain percentage; Wrap up after drawing or rolling mill practice are processed into flux-cored wire with steel band then; Fracture of wire is processed medicine core core wire again, is coated with coating outward at last core wire, prepares flux-cored hard facing welding electrode through oven dry.Like this, both simplify the wlding production technology, also can enhance productivity, reduced cost, and can guarantee enough alloying powers, obtained high performance anticorrosive wearable overlay.
The core wire of this welding rod is according to the difference of applicable object, and is composed of the following components by weight percentage:
1), first kind of technical scheme; Be suitable for the surface overlaying of mild steel part: 40%-55% low-carbon ferrochromium, 15%-25% ferrotianium, 5%-20% ferro-boron, 2%-6% ferrosilicon, 10%-15% micro crystal graphite; Add up to 100%; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%, and the percentage by weight that the Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%; The percentage by weight that Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%, and medicine core core wire is as shown in table 1 with the impurity chemical composition of cold-rolled strip.
Table 1 medicine core core wire is with the impurity chemical component table of cold-rolled strip
| Alloying element | C | Si | Mn | P | ?S | N | Al |
| Content t% | 0.012～ 0.030 | ≤0.028 | 0.18～ 0.32 | ≤0.012 | ?≤0.008 | ≤0.005 | ≤0.05 |
2), second kind of technical scheme; Be suitable for the surface overlaying of low-carbon low-alloy steel part: 45-60% low-carbon ferrochromium, 10-20% ferrotianium, 5-18% ferro-boron, 2-6% ferrosilicon, 12-15% micro crystal graphite; Add up to 100%; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%, and the percentage by weight that the Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%; The percentage by weight that Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%, and medicine core core wire is as shown in table 1 with the impurity chemical composition of cold-rolled strip.
3), the third technical scheme; Be suitable for the surface overlaying of austenitic stainless steel part: 50-60% low-carbon ferrochromium, 15-25% ferrotianium, 5-20% ferro-boron, 2-6% ferrosilicon, 8-10% micro crystal graphite; Add up to 100%; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%, and the percentage by weight that the Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%; The percentage by weight that Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%, and medicine core core wire is as shown in table 1 with the impurity chemical composition of cold-rolled strip.
In the above-mentioned medicine core of welding rod of the present invention composition; The composition of each chemical element and content limit reason: obtain the higher good corrosion resistance of wearability in order to make surfacing layer metal; The ratio of core wire Bao Fenzhong phosphorus content and chrome content is all higher; Between 8-10, addition is respectively: 4-20%C, 12%-40%Cr.In order to improve surfacing layer metal hardness, toughness and high-hardenability, also added molybdenum, manganese and boron element in the medicinal powder, the adding of silicon then is based on the transition rate consideration that the deoxidation in the weld deposit process reaches and improves chromium.
The coating of welding rod of the present invention is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%-45%CaCO
3, 20%-30%CaF
2, 6%-8%SiO
2, 3%-5%Al, 4%-8% mudstone China ink, 3%-7%Cr
2O
3, 4-6%NaCO
3, 6%-8%TiO
2, add up to 100%, form CaO-CaF
2-SiO
2-G is a coating.
Electrode coating of the present invention is CaO-CaF
2-SiO
2-G slag system has wherein added a certain amount of Al powder and graphite, can obviously improve recovery.
The preparation method of flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention is:
Step 1, preparation core wire earlier by each component of medicine core powder weight percentage weighing under the above-mentioned different instructions for uses, and with its mixing, wrap up after drawing or rolling mill practice are processed into flux-cored wire with steel band then, and fracture of wire is processed medicine core core wire again.
Step 2, preparation coating, the following component of weighing by weight percentage: 35%-45%CaCO again
3, 20%-30%CaF
2, 6%-8%SiO
2, 3%-5%Al, 4%-8% mudstone China ink, 3%-7%Cr
2O
3, 4%-6%NaCO
3, 6%-8%TiO
2, add up to 100%, fully mix the preparation of back adding 3-5% waterglass and obtain CaO-CaF
2-SiO
2-G is coating dressing.
Step 3, coating dressing that step 2 is obtained through oven dry, can make flux-cored hard facing welding electrode being coated on the 20T extrusion press on the core wire that step 1 obtains.
Embodiment 1
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts first kind of technical scheme, like content in the table 2,
Step 1, preparation core wire; Like content in the table 2, the following component of weighing by weight percentage: 40% low-carbon ferrochromium, 25% ferrotianium, 20% ferro-boron, 5% ferrosilicon, 10% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%; The percentage by weight that Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%, and the percentage by weight that the Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%; Behind its mixing, with the rolling flux-cored wire that is processed into of steel band parcel, fracture of wire is processed medicine core core wire again.
Step 2, preparation coating, like content in the table 3, the following component of weighing by weight percentage: 35%CaCO
3, 30%CaF
2, 8%SiO
2, 4%Al, 4% mudstone China ink, 7%Cr
2O
3, 4%NaCO
3, 8%TiO
2, add up to 100%, fully mix the preparation of back adding 3% waterglass and obtain CaO-CaF
2-SiO
2-G is coating dressing.
Step 3, coating dressing that step 2 is obtained through oven dry, promptly can be made into flux-cored hard facing welding electrode being coated on the 20T extrusion press on the core wire that step 1 obtains.
Embodiment 2
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts first kind of technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 2 shown in table 2, the table 3 is prepared, and adds 4% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Embodiment 3
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts first kind of technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 3 shown in table 2, the table 3 is prepared, and adds 5% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Table 2, the core wire content of embodiment 1-3 (unit is %)
| Component | Low-carbon ferrochromium | Ferrotianium | Ferro-boron | Ferrosilicon | Micro crystal graphite |
| Embodiment 1 | 40 | 25 | 20 | 5 | 10 |
| Embodiment 2 | 55 | 19 | 5 | 6 | 15 |
| Embodiment 3 | 50 | 15 | 19 | 2 | 14 |
Table 3, the coating content of embodiment 1-3 (unit is %)
| Component | CaCO 3 | CaF 2 | SiO 2 | Al | The mudstone China ink | Cr 2O 3 | NaCO 3 | TiO 2 |
| Embodiment 1 | 35 | 30 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 4 | 8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 43 | 20 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Embodiment 3 | 45 | 24 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
Embodiment 4
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts second kind of technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 4 shown in table 4, the table 5 is prepared, and adds 3% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Embodiment 5
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts second kind of technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 5 shown in table 4, the table 5 is prepared, and adds 4% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Embodiment 6
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts second kind of technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 6 shown in table 4, the table 5 is prepared, and adds 5% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Table 4, the core wire content of embodiment 4-6 (unit is %)
| Component | Low-carbon ferrochromium | Ferrotianium | Ferro-boron | Ferrosilicon | Micro crystal graphite |
| Embodiment 1 | 60 | 10 | 12 | 6 | 12 |
| Embodiment 2 | 58 | 18 | 5 | 5 | 14 |
| Embodiment 3 | 45 | 20 | 18 | 2 | 15 |
Table 5, the coating content of embodiment 4-6 (unit is %)
| Component | CaCO 3 | CaF 2 | SiO 2 | Al | The mudstone China ink | Cr 2O 3 | NaCO 3 | TiO 2 |
| Embodiment 4 | 35 | 30 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 6 | 6 |
| Embodiment 5 | 44 | 20 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 7 |
| Embodiment 6 | 45 | 22 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 8 |
Embodiment 7
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts the third technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 7 shown in table 6, the table 7 is prepared, and adds 3% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Embodiment 8
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts the third technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 8 shown in table 6, the table 7 is prepared, and adds 5% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Embodiment 9
When flux-cored hard facing welding electrode of the present invention adopts the third technical scheme; Step according to embodiment 1; Respective components content according among the embodiment 9 shown in table 6, the table 7 is prepared, and adds 4% waterglass in the abundant mixing back of step 2, obtains flux-cored hard facing welding electrode.
Table 6, the core wire content of embodiment 7-9 (unit is %)
| Component | Low-carbon ferrochromium | Ferrotianium | Ferro-boron | Ferrosilicon | Micro crystal graphite |
| Embodiment 1 | 50 | 25 | 15 | 2 | 8 |
| Embodiment 2 | 52 | 15 | 20 | 3 | 10 |
| Embodiment 3 | 60 | 20 | 5 | 6 | 9 |
Table 7, the coating content of embodiment 7-9 (unit is %)
| Component | CaCO 3 | CaF 2 | SiO 2 | Al | The mudstone China ink | Cr 2O 3 | NaCO 3 | TiO 2 |
| Embodiment 7 | 35 | 30 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 7 | 4 | 8 |
| Embodiment 8 | 43 | 20 | 7 | 5 | 7 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
| Embodiment 9 | 45 | 24 | 6 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 5 | 6 |
Among the above embodiment; It is as shown in table 8 that the welding rod that utilizes the embodiment of the invention 1,4,7 to prepare carries out parameters of welding; The surfacing layer metal chemical analysis that the welding rod that utilizes the embodiment of the invention 1,4,7 to prepare carries out after the built-up welding is as shown in table 9, and the hardness of surfacing layer metal is as shown in table 10.
The welding condition of table 8 wear resisting surfacing deposited electrode of the present invention
| Built-up welding part material | Core diameter (Ф/mm) | Welding current (A) | Weldingvoltage (V) | Preheat temperature (℃) |
| 30CrMnSi | 3 | 100-180 | 20-40 | 200 |
| Q235 | 3 | 100-180 | 20-40 | 200 |
| 16Mn | 3 | 100-180 | 20-40 | 200 |
The surfacing layer metal chemical analysis (weight %) of table 9 embodiment of the invention 1,4,7
The hardness (HRC) of table 10 embodiment of the invention surfacing layer metal
1), can use dc source the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:, under less current condition, weld, arc stability is good, and the rubescent degree of coating is lighter.2), the removability of slag of welding rod is suitable with the J507 welding rod, crack resistance is good.3), under the manual electric arc pile up welding condition, the recovery of C, Cr element is respectively 0.70-0.95 and 0.77-0.96.4), the overlay cladding average hardness is up to 60HRC.Welding rod of the present invention is particularly suitable for the manufacturing and the reparation of industry equipments such as metallurgy, mine, machinery and water conservancy and hydropower.
Claims (6)
1. a flux-cored hard facing welding electrode is made up of the coating of medicine core and external application, it is characterized in that,
Said medicine core is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 40%～55% low-carbon ferrochromium, 15%～25% ferrotianium, 5%～20% ferro-boron, 2%～6% ferrosilicon, 10%～15% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%;
Said coating is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%～45%CaCO
3, 20%～30%CaF
2, 6%～8%SiO
2, 3%～5%Al, 4%～8% mudstone China ink, 3%～7%Cr
2O
3, 4～6%NaCO
3, 6%～8%TiO
2, add up to 100%, described NaCO
3Be the high sodium of carbonic acid.
2. welding rod according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%; The percentage by weight that Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%, and the percentage by weight that the Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%.
3. a flux-cored hard facing welding electrode is made up of the coating of medicine core and external application, it is characterized in that,
Said medicine core is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 45～60% low-carbon ferrochromiums, 10%～20% ferrotianium, 5%～18% ferro-boron, 2%～6% ferrosilicon, 12%～15% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%;
Said coating is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%～45%CaCO
3, 20%～30%CaF
2, 6%～8%SiO
2, 3%～5%Al, 4%～8% mudstone China ink, 3%～7%Cr
2O
3, 4～6%NaCO
3, 6%～8%TiO
2, add up to 100%, described NaCO
3Be the high sodium of carbonic acid.
4. welding rod according to claim 3; It is characterized in that; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%; The percentage by weight that Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%, and the percentage by weight that the Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%.
5. a flux-cored hard facing welding electrode is made up of the coating of medicine core and external application, it is characterized in that,
Said medicine core is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 50%～60% low-carbon ferrochromium, 15%～25% ferrotianium, 5%～20% ferro-boron, 2%～6% ferrosilicon, 8%～10% micro crystal graphite add up to 100%;
Said coating is made up of following compositions in weight percentage: 35%～45%CaCO
3, 20%～30%CaF
2, 6%～8%SiO
2, 3%～5%Al, 4%～8% mudstone China ink, 3%～7%Cr
2O
3, 4～6%NaCO
3, 6%～8%TiO
2, add up to 100%, described NaCO
3Be the high sodium of carbonic acid.
6. welding rod according to claim 5; It is characterized in that; The percentage by weight that Cr in the described low-carbon ferrochromium accounts for low-carbon ferrochromium is 65%; The percentage by weight that Ti in the described ferrotianium accounts for ferrotianium is 25%, and the percentage by weight that the B in the described ferro-boron accounts for ferro-boron is 20%, and the percentage by weight that the Si in the described ferrosilicon accounts for ferrosilicon is 45%.
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| CN2009103079353A CN101653875B (en) | 2009-09-29 | 2009-09-29 | Flux-cored hard facing welding electrode |
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| CN102079021B (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2013-08-14 | 江西恒大高新技术股份有限公司 | Tubular welding wire for anti-cavitation overlaying of rotating wheel of hydraulic turbine |
| US9475154B2 (en) | 2013-05-30 | 2016-10-25 | Lincoln Global, Inc. | High boron hardfacing electrode |
| CN104907738B (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2017-06-09 | 武汉铁锚焊接材料股份有限公司 | A kind of corrosionproof steel against sulfuric acid at dew point welding rod special for special |
| CN106271204B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-07-12 | 北京智双科技发展有限公司 | A kind of titaniferous flux-cored wire for drilling tool wear-resistant with built-up welding |
| CN114161022A (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2022-03-11 | 中国华能集团有限公司 | Novel high-temperature alloy flux-cored welding rod |
| CN116393693B (en) * | 2023-06-08 | 2023-09-12 | 中建安装集团有限公司 | Iron-based surfacing alloy material, iron-based surfacing alloy layer, preparation method and application |
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| CN1151340A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1997-06-11 | 湘潭大学 | Surfacing welding electrode for mold |
| CN101406996A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-04-15 | 燕山大学 | Surfacing electrode for composite duplex metal cold cutting edge green refabrication technique |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1151340A (en) * | 1996-10-28 | 1997-06-11 | 湘潭大学 | Surfacing welding electrode for mold |
| CN101406996A (en) * | 2008-10-22 | 2009-04-15 | 燕山大学 | Surfacing electrode for composite duplex metal cold cutting edge green refabrication technique |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| JP特开2003-1488A 2003.01.08 |
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