CN101650095B - Multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit - Google Patents

Multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101650095B
CN101650095B CN2009100919443A CN200910091944A CN101650095B CN 101650095 B CN101650095 B CN 101650095B CN 2009100919443 A CN2009100919443 A CN 2009100919443A CN 200910091944 A CN200910091944 A CN 200910091944A CN 101650095 B CN101650095 B CN 101650095B
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adiabatic
solution
absorber
generator
heat exchanger
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CN101650095A (en
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付林
孙方田
张世钢
江亿
罗勇
肖常磊
胡鹏
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BEIJING THUPDI PLANNING DESIGN INSTITUTE Co Ltd
Tsinghua University
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Beijing Huaqing Taimeng S & T Dev Co ltd
Tsinghua University
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62Absorption based systems

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Abstract

The invention discloses a multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit, consisting of two or more single-stage generating-condensation units and two or more single-stage absorption-evaporation units, a solution heat exchanger, a throttling device, a meter, a valve and a connection pipeline. The single-stage generating-condensation unit consists of a heat insulating generator and a regular condenser, the single-stage absorption-evaporation unit consists of a heat insulating absorber and an evaporator, the single-stage generating-condensation units are serially connected, and the single-stage absorption-evaporation units are serially connected. A refrigerating working medium diluted solution is gradually heated and flash-evaporated in each heat insulating generator, the flash-evaporated concentrated solution is gradually cooled to absorb refrigerant steam in each heat insulating absorber to become the diluted solution, and refrigerant solution is gradually throttled, decompressed and evaporated in each evaporator. Through gradually changing temperature and exchanging heat, reducing the temperature difference of exchanging heat and lowering irreversible loss in the process of exchanging heat, the performance of the unit is improved, and the unit is convenient to be inspected and fixed.

Description

A kind of multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit
Technical field
The invention belongs to absorption type heat exchange system field, is the multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of working medium with the binary solution in heat exchange process particularly; Can freeze, heat, also can be used for industrial afterheat recovery.
Background technology
For the problem of summer in the electrical network winter peak regulation difficulty that solves the city, release absorption refrigeration/source pump, alleviate peak load regulation network pressure to a certain extent.Have the enterprise of a large amount of industrial exhaust heats, can utilize absorption unit to reclaim industrial exhaust heat in a large number near zone is realized central heating or cooling.This all has great importance for improving energy utilization rate, alleviation energy shortage and preserving the ecological environment.
For conventional absorption refrigeration/source pump, the heat exchanger of employing is the lower shell and tube exchanger of heat exchange efficiency, causes that unit performance is on the low side, the equipment external form is huge, installation is difficult, also is unfavorable for overhaul of the equipments simultaneously.96117020.4 number patent adopts conventional set structure, substitutes shell and tube exchanger with spiral heat exchanger, though improved heat exchanger performance, but still fundamentally do not solve the subject matter that absorption unit exists.01133610.2 proposing multistage absorption type refrigerating apparatus, number patent adopt conventional absorber to connect, though reduced the heat transfer temperature difference of refrigeration working medium solution and cooling water to a certain extent, reduced irreversible loss, the unit external form is too huge, the shortcoming of maintenance inconvenience but still exist.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to have proposed a kind of multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit, it is characterized in that at the problem that the absorption unit of routine exists,
Described multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit by two or more single-stages take place-condensing unit and single-stage absorption-evaporation element, two or more solution heat exchanger and throttling arrangement, valve and instrument connect to form by the working medium heat exchange process by pipeline, described single-stage generation-condensing unit is installed in first closed container by adiabatic generator G and conventional condenser C to be formed; Single-stage evaporation-absorptive unit is installed in second closed container by adiabatic absorber A and evaporimeter E to be formed, described adiabatic generator G installs first spray equipment 3 in generation chamber 1, first solution pump 5 is connected with one group of pipe head of the first closed container wall, first heating heat exchanger 6 respectively, and the port of export of this group pipeline connects first spray equipment 3; Described conventional condenser C installs cooling heat exchanger 4 in condensation chamber 2, cooling heat exchanger 4 leads to outside the first closed container wall by pipeline; Described adiabatic absorber A installs second spray equipment, 9, the second solution pumps 11 to be connected with one group of pipe head of the second closed container wall, cooling heat exchanger 14 respectively in absorption chamber 8, the port of export of this group pipeline connects second spray equipment 9; Described evaporimeter E is that installation the 3rd spray equipment 10, cryogenic fluid pump 12 are connected with one group of pipe head of the second closed container wall, second heating heat exchanger 13 respectively in vaporization chamber 7, and the port of export of this group pipeline connects the 3rd spray equipment 10; It is characterized in that the series connection between described each single-stage generation-condensing unit is to realize by series connection between each adiabatic generator G and the series connection between each conventional condenser C respectively; Refrigeration working medium weak solution in pipeline is according to pressure each adiabatic generator G that flows through from low to high takes place; The high temperature heating agent is according to pressure each adiabatic generator G that flows through successively from high to low takes place; Cooling water is then according to condensing pressure each conventional condenser C that flows through successively from low to high; The series connection of the adiabatic absorption-evaporation element of described each single-stage is that series connection and the series connection between each adiabatic absorber A by choke valve realizes between each evaporimeter E; The refrigerant vapour that the adiabatic generator of each single-stage generation-condensing unit the produces water condensation that is cooled in the condensation chamber with the unit is after the condensate converges of each conventional condenser, successively by choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E m, choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E (m-1)..., choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E 1Carry out throttling and evaporation, in pipeline by the higher refrigeration working medium concentrated solution of the temperature of heat temperature raising step by step and transformation flash distillation according to absorption pressure flow through successively from high to low solution heat exchanger at different levels and adiabatic absorber A, realize step-down absorption step by step and alternating temperature heat exchange.,
The second closed container wall at the first adiabatic absorber A1 place of described adiabatic absorber A connects the 3rd solution pump 15, the three solution pumps 15 are connected to the adiabatic generator Gm of the final stage place of adiabatic generator G by the solution heat exchanger R1~Rm of series connection the first closed container wall.
Described cryogen liquid is water.
Described refrigeration working medium solution is lithium-bromide solution.
Described high temperature heating agent is high-temperature-hot-water or steam; Refrigerant is a water.
Described cooling moisture two-way, wherein one road cooling water is successively by the first adiabatic absorber A 1, the second adiabatic absorber A 2..., m adiabatic absorber A m, cooling refrigeration working medium solution and heating up, another road cooling water are successively by the conventional condenser C of n n, (n-1) conventional condenser C (n-1)..., the first conventional condenser C 1, condensation refrigerant vapour and heating up, the cooling water after the intensification converges output with cooling water from adiabatic absorber.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows by the transformation heat transfer flash distillation step by step of refrigeration working medium solution, cooling heat transfer and transformation absorption step by step; Cryogen liquid decompression evaporation and cooling heat exchange and diabatic process and mass transport process step by step such as separates at technology, improves unit performance, has reduced the irreversible loss of heat transfer process; The unit external form diminishes, compact conformation, maintenance convenient.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the new technological process schematic diagram of multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the adiabatic generation-condensing unit schematic diagram of single-stage of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the adiabatic absorption-evaporation element schematic diagram of single-stage of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is second kind of schematic flow sheet of cooling water of multiple-effect absorption refrigeration unit of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is second kind of schematic flow sheet of high temperature heating agent of multiple-effect absorption type heat pump assembly of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, 2, 3, the multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit is by adiabatic generator G 1~G n, conventional condenser C 1~C n, adiabatic absorber A 1~A m, evaporimeter E 1~E m, solution heat exchanger R 1~Rm, solution pump, a 2m choke valve connect to form by the working medium heat exchange process by pipeline.The high temperature heating agent is successively by adiabatic generator G 1, adiabatic generator G 2..., adiabatic generator G n, heating and cooling working medium solution; From adiabatic absorber A 1Weak solution, through solution heat exchanger R 1, solution heat exchanger R 2..., solution heat exchanger Rm, behind high-temperature high concentration refrigeration working medium solution heat temperature raising, enter adiabatic generator G successively n, adiabatic generator G (n-1)..., adiabatic generator G 1Carry out heat transfer with variable temperature and transformation flash distillation step by step; From adiabatic generator G 1The high-temperature high concentration refrigeration working medium that comes out enters solution heat exchanger R successively 1~Rm, adiabatic absorber A m, solution heat exchanger R M-1, adiabatic absorber A M-1..., solution heat exchanger R 1, adiabatic absorber A 1Lower the temperature step by step conduct heat and the step-down absorption from the refrigerant vapour of the evaporimeter of same evaporation absorptive unit, become cryogenic refrigeration working medium weak solution, deliver to adiabatic generator G by solution pump again nThe refrigerant vapour that the adiabatic generator of each single-stage generation-condensing unit the produces water condensation that is cooled in the condensation chamber with the unit is after the condensate converges of each conventional condenser, successively by choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E m, choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E (m-1)..., choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E 1, carrying out throttling and evaporation, the saturated refrigerant vapour of evaporation enters the absorber with the unit, and cooled working medium concentrated solution absorbs; Cooling water is successively by adiabatic absorber A 1, adiabatic absorber A 2..., adiabatic absorber A m, cooling refrigeration working medium solution and heating up, and then successively by conventional condenser C n, conventional condenser C (n-1)..., conventional condenser C 1, the condensation refrigerant vapour; Chilled water is successively by evaporimeter E m, evaporimeter E (m-1)..., evaporimeter E 1, after the heat exchange of cryogen liquid, become cryogenic freezing water.
Wherein, m, n are 〉=3 natural number, and according to absorption unit specific requirement, m and n can equate, also can not wait.
Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 4, adopt the cooling water parallel form mode of absorber and condenser.Absorption unit is by adiabatic generator G 1, adiabatic generator G 2..., adiabatic generator G n, conventional condenser C 1, conventional condenser C 2..., conventional condenser C n, adiabatic absorber A 1, adiabatic absorber A 2..., adiabatic absorber A m, evaporimeter E 1, evaporimeter E 2..., evaporimeter E m, solution heat exchanger R 1, solution heat exchanger R 2..., solution heat exchanger Rm, solution pump, a 2m choke valve 16 connect to form by connecting line.The high temperature heating agent enters adiabatic generator G successively 1, adiabatic generator G 2..., adiabatic generator G n, heating and cooling working medium solution; From adiabatic absorber A 1The refrigeration working medium weak solution, through solution heat exchanger R 1, solution heat exchanger R 2..., solution heat exchanger Rm, behind high-temperature high concentration refrigeration working medium solution heat temperature raising, enter adiabatic generator G successively n, adiabatic generator G (n-1)..., adiabatic generator G 1Alternating temperature heat exchange and transformation flash distillation step by step is from adiabatic generator G 1The high-temperature high concentration refrigeration working medium that comes out enters solution heat exchanger m, adiabatic absorber A successively m, solution heat exchanger R M-1, adiabatic absorber A (m-1)..., solution heat exchanger R 1, adiabatic absorber A 1Cool off step by step and the refrigerant vapour of transformation absorption, become the rare refrigeration working medium solution of low temperature, deliver to adiabatic generator G by solution pump again from the evaporimeter of same evaporation absorptive unit nThe refrigerant vapour that adiabatic generators at different levels the produce water-cooled liquid that congeals into that is cooled in the condensation chamber with the unit is after the condensate converges from conventional condensers at different levels, successively by choke valve and evaporimeter E m, choke valve and evaporimeter E (m-1)..., choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E 1Carry out the transformation throttling and evaporation step by step, the refrigerant vapour of evaporation enters that cooled working medium concentrated solution absorbs in the adiabatic absorber with the unit; Cooling moisture two-way, wherein one road cooling water is successively by adiabatic absorber A 1, adiabatic absorber A 2..., adiabatic absorber A m, cooling refrigeration working medium solution and heating up, another road cooling water are successively by conventional condenser C n, conventional condenser C (n-1)..., conventional condenser C 1, condensation refrigerant vapour and heating up, the cooling water after the intensification converges output with cooling water from adiabatic absorber; Chilled water is successively by evaporimeter E m, evaporimeter E (m-1)..., evaporimeter E 1, heat release becomes cryogenic freezing water.
Wherein, m, n are 〉=3 natural number, and m and n can equate, also can not wait.
Embodiment 3: as shown in Figure 5, the high temperature heating agent from generator comes out carries out heat exchange through heat exchanger and cooling water, enter evaporimeter after reducing temperature, further release heat can effectively realize the cascade utilization of the energy, improve energy utilization rate, cooling moisture two-way.Absorption unit is by adiabatic generator G 1, adiabatic generator G 2..., adiabatic generator G n, conventional condenser C 1, conventional condenser C 2..., conventional condenser C n, adiabatic absorber A 1, adiabatic absorber A 2..., adiabatic absorber A m, evaporimeter E 1, evaporimeter E 2..., evaporimeter E m, solution heat exchanger R 1, solution heat exchanger R 2..., solution heat exchanger Rm, the 3rd solution pump 15, water water-to-water heat exchanger 17, a 2m choke valve 16 connect to form by connecting line.With Fig. 4 difference be in the cooling water of minute two-way, wherein one road cooling water is successively by adiabatic absorber A 1, adiabatic absorber A 2..., adiabatic absorber A mCooling refrigeration working medium solution is then successively by conventional condenser C n, conventional condenser C (n-1), ..., conventional condenser C 1, be heated intensification, another road cooling water through water water-to-water heat exchanger 17 with in warm matchmaker carry out heat exchange and heat up, converge with cooling water again from condenser.The high temperature heating agent is successively by adiabatic generator G 1, adiabatic generator G 2..., adiabatic generator G n, heating and cooling working medium solution carries out heat exchange through water water-to-water heat exchanger 17 and cooling water again, becomes the low temperature heating agent, enters evaporimeter E more successively m..., evaporimeter E 2, evaporimeter E 1, further release heat and reduce temperature; From adiabatic absorber A 1Weak solution, through solution heat exchanger R 1, solution heat exchanger R 2..., solution heat exchanger Rm, behind high-temperature high concentration refrigeration working medium solution heat temperature raising, enter adiabatic generator successively Gn, adiabatic generator G (n-1)..., adiabatic generator G 1Carry out the transformation flash distillation after being heated step by step, from adiabatic generator G 1The high-temperature high concentration refrigeration working medium that comes out enters solution heat exchanger Rm, adiabatic absorber A successively m, solution heat exchanger R (m-1), adiabatic absorber A M-1)..., solution heat exchanger R 1, adiabatic absorber A 1Cooling heat transferring and transformation absorb the refrigerant vapour of flash-pot step by step, become the rare refrigeration working medium solution of low temperature, deliver to adiabatic generator G by solution pump again nEach single-stage refrigerant vapour that the generator of generations-condensing unit produces water condensation that is cooled in the conventional condenser with the unit of determining after cryogen liquid converges, passes through choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E successively m, choke valve and evaporimeter E (m-1)..., choke valve 16 and evaporimeter E 1Decompression evaporation step by step, the refrigerant vapour of evaporation enter in the adiabatic absorber with the unit, and cooled working medium concentrated solution absorbs.

Claims (6)

1. multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit, connected to form by the working medium heat exchange process by pipeline by two or more single-stage generation-condensing units and single-stage absorption-evaporation element, two or more solution heat exchanger and throttling arrangement, valve and instrument, described single-stage generation-condensing unit is installed in first closed container by adiabatic generator (G) and conventional condenser (C) to be formed; Single-stage evaporation-absorptive unit is installed in second closed container by adiabatic absorber (A) and evaporimeter (E) to be formed, described adiabatic generator (G) is that first spray equipment (3) is installed in generation chamber (1), first solution pump (5) is connected with one group of pipe head of the first closed container wall, first heating heat exchanger (6) respectively, and the port of export of this group pipeline connects first spray equipment (3); Described conventional condenser (C) is that cooling heat exchanger (4) is installed in condensation chamber (2), and cooling heat exchanger (4) leads to outside the first closed container wall by pipeline; Described adiabatic absorber (A) is that second spray equipment (9) is installed in absorption chamber (8), second solution pump (11) is connected with one group of pipe head of the second closed container wall, first cooling heat exchanger (14) respectively, and the port of export of this group pipeline connects second spray equipment (9); Described evaporimeter (E) is that installation the 3rd spray equipment (10), cryogenic fluid pump (12) are connected with one group of pipe head of the second closed container wall, second heating heat exchanger (13) respectively in vaporization chamber (7), and the port of export of this group pipeline connects the 3rd spray equipment (10); It is characterized in that the series connection between described each single-stage generation-condensing unit is to realize by series connection between each adiabatic generator (G) and the series connection between each conventional condenser (C) respectively; Refrigeration working medium weak solution in pipeline is according to pressure each adiabatic generator (G) of flowing through from low to high takes place; The high temperature heating agent is according to pressure each adiabatic generator (G) of flowing through successively from high to low takes place; Cooling water is then according to condensing pressure each conventional condenser (C) of flowing through successively from low to high; The series connection of the adiabatic absorption-evaporation element of described each single-stage is that series connection and the series connection between each adiabatic absorber (A) by choke valve (16) realizes between each evaporimeter (E); The refrigerant vapour that the adiabatic generator of each single-stage generation-condensing unit the produces water condensation that is cooled in the condensation chamber with the unit is after the condensate converges of each conventional condenser, successively by choke valve (16) and evaporimeter (E m), choke valve (16) and evaporimeter (E (m-1)) ..., choke valve (16) and evaporimeter (E 1), carry out throttling and evaporation; Cryogen liquid is realized decompression evaporation and alternating temperature heat exchange step by step according to evaporating pressure flow through successively from high to low throttling arrangement at different levels and evaporimeter (E); In pipeline,,, realize step-down absorption step by step and alternating temperature heat exchange according to absorption pressure flow through successively from high to low solution heat exchanger at different levels (R) and adiabatic absorber (A) by the higher refrigeration working medium concentrated solution of temperature of heat temperature raising step by step and transformation flash distillation.
2. according to the described multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that, the second closed container wall at first adiabatic absorber (A1) place of described adiabatic absorber (A) connects the 3rd solution pump (15), and the 3rd solution pump (15) is connected to the first closed container wall at the adiabatic generator (Gm) of the final stage place of adiabatic generator (G) by the solution heat exchanger (R1)~(Rm) of series connection.
3. according to the described multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that described cryogen liquid is water
4. according to the described multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that described refrigeration working medium solution is lithium-bromide solution.
5. according to the described multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that described high temperature heating agent is that high-temperature-hot-water or steam, refrigerant are water.
6. according to the described multistage absorption refrigerating/heat pump unit of claim 1, it is characterized in that described absorber adopts parallel form to be connected with the cooling water path of condenser; Described cooling moisture two-way, wherein one road cooling water is successively by the first adiabatic absorber (A 1), the second adiabatic absorber (A 2) ..., m adiabatic absorber (A m), cooling refrigeration working medium solution and heating up, another road cooling water are successively by the conventional condenser (C of n n), (n-1) conventional condenser (C (n-1)) ..., the first conventional condenser (C 1), condensation refrigerant vapour and heating up, the cooling water after the intensification converges output with cooling water from adiabatic absorber.
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CN101852510B (en) * 2010-06-03 2013-08-21 清华大学 Novel unit structure for absorption machines capable of realizing big temperature difference
CN102200358B (en) * 2010-06-29 2012-12-26 上海理工大学 Two-stage double-effect lithium bromide (LiBr) refrigeration-heat pump cycle system
CN102410575B (en) * 2011-10-18 2014-06-25 李华玉 Absorption type grading heat supply system
CN104329826B (en) * 2014-08-28 2016-08-17 清华大学 The vertical big temperature difference of multistage of a kind of double-barrel structure absorbs machine
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CN207214513U (en) * 2017-05-23 2018-04-10 北京华源泰盟节能设备有限公司 A kind of multistage absorption heat pump and heat-exchange unit
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CN109163474A (en) * 2018-10-16 2019-01-08 山东金佰瑞节能科技有限公司 One pump multistage absorption-multistage evaporation absorption heat pump processed and the method for increasing the temperature difference
CN110030758A (en) * 2019-04-30 2019-07-19 清华大学 A kind of big temperature difference absorption heat pump of multi-stage, efficient and absorption heat exchange device
CN111964301B (en) * 2020-08-17 2022-06-21 清华大学 Absorption heat exchanger capable of realizing multi-zone independent heat supply
CN115264986B (en) * 2021-10-25 2023-11-21 河北安丰智域新能源装备制造有限公司 Low-temperature heat source driven second-class absorption heat pump device
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