CN101643914A - Method for preventing cathode oxidation and aluminum leakage of aluminum electrolytic bath - Google Patents
Method for preventing cathode oxidation and aluminum leakage of aluminum electrolytic bath Download PDFInfo
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- CN101643914A CN101643914A CN200910013565A CN200910013565A CN101643914A CN 101643914 A CN101643914 A CN 101643914A CN 200910013565 A CN200910013565 A CN 200910013565A CN 200910013565 A CN200910013565 A CN 200910013565A CN 101643914 A CN101643914 A CN 101643914A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing cathode oxidation and aluminum leakage of an aluminum electrolytic bath, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) mixing aluminumoxide and magnesia to obtain a main electrolyte; mixing cryolite and calcium fluoride to obtain an accessory electrolyte; mixing the main electrolyte and the accessory electrolyte to obtain an electrolyte mixture; (2) adding a bonding agent into the electrolyte mixture and uniformly mixing to obtain a protective agent; (3) before the aluminum electrolytic bath is roasted, laying protective agent on the tamping plaster surface between cathode carbon blocks, the tamping plaster surface between a side carbon block and the cathode carbon blocks of the aluminum electrolytic bath and the surface ofthe cathode carbon block opposite to a clearance between adjacent two rows of anodes; and then tamping till the protective agent fixedly forms a protective agent layer. The protective agent for covering prevents aluminum liquid from leaking into the bottoms of the cathode carbon blocks by a tamping plaster crack to melt a cathode steel rod, thereby preventing the tamping plaster slope and the cathode surface from being oxidized by air.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the aluminium cell technical field, particularly a kind of aluminium electrolytic cell cathode oxidation and method of leaking aluminium of preventing.
Background technology
At present, industrial fine aluminium all is to adopt the method for sodium aluminum fluoride-alumina molten salt electrolysis to produce, and its specific equipment is lined with the electrolyzer of carbonaceous material in being, is refractory materials and lagging material between carbon lining and the steel pot shell.The bottom liner of electrolyzer is the carbon piece that its bottom is equipped with the conduction rod iron, and this carbon piece is called the cathode block of electrolyzer.Between cathode block and the cathode block with charcoal plain stick with paste to make firm by ramming be connected, charcoal is plain stick with paste make firm by ramming in electrolyzer after, become ramming paste; Many cathode blocks and between them ramming paste form the bottom carbon cathode of electrolyzer.The piece that the sidepiece of electrolyzer is generally also made by carbon material constitutes, and what have also constitutes with the silicon carbide brick of silicon nitride bonded silicon, the ramp type ramming paste of making firm by ramming with charcoal element paste usually between sidewall carbon brick and the negative electrode that the cathode block of bottom is formed.
After cell lining lays, need carry out preheating and baking to cell lining, the purpose of preheating and baking mainly is the moisture content of driving away in the cell lining, and makes cell lining reach certain temperature could to start electrolyzer.At present, the roasting method of cell lining has several: a kind of is the roasting of aluminium water, and a kind of is baking coke particles, and another kind is a flame roasting, and wherein flame roasting is a kind of advanced person's a roasting method.In various roasting method, ramming paste between cathode block and the cathode block, and the ramming paste between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block, can be along with the rising of temperature in the roasting process, the ramming paste medium pitch shrinks because of decomposition, therefore, these ramming pastes can produce the crack in roasting process; It is inevitable producing the crack between sidepiece ramming paste and the bottom cathode carbon piece simultaneously, can leak into the bottom of cathode block by these cracks when the aluminium liquid of negative electrode behind the electrobath start or in normal productive process, and the fusing cathode steel bar, this is the basic reason that causes the electrolyzer early damage.
Summary of the invention
At the problem that existing ramming paste cracks when the roasting and the easy oxidation affects of negative electrode is produced, the invention provides a kind of aluminium electrolytic cell cathode oxidation and method of leaking aluminium of preventing.
Method of the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
1, aluminum oxide is mixed with magnesia, obtain main ionogen, the weight percent of aluminum oxide is 0～100% in the main ionogen, and the weight percent of magnesia is 0～100%.
Sodium aluminum fluoride is mixed with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), obtain secondary ionogen, the weight percent of sodium aluminum fluoride is 0～100% in the secondary ionogen, and the weight percent of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 0～100%.
Main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.025～0.3 obtains electrolyte mixture.
2, add binding agent and mixing in electrolyte mixture, the binding agent add-on accounts for 3～15% of electrolyte mixture by weight percentage, obtains protective material.
3, before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramp type ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 2～5cm.
Above-mentioned binding agent is sodium aluminate solution, alum liquor or lignosulfite, and wherein naoh concentration is 100～300g/L in the sodium aluminate solution, and the concentration of aluminium hydroxide is 20～300g/L; The weight concentration of alum liquor is 5～30%; Lignosulfite is the spent pulping liquor of paper mill discharging, or the solution that is made into by powdery sulfite paper paste dry powder, and the weight concentration of sulfite cellulose dry powder is 5～20% in the solution.
Above-mentioned aluminum oxide, magnesia, sodium aluminum fluoride and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) are Powdered, and granularity is below 40 orders.
After adopting above-mentioned protective material to cover; when electrolyzer carries out roasting generation crack; protective material can penetrate in the ramming paste; avoided aluminium liquid to enter in the ramming paste crack and further be penetrated into the cathode block bottom melting cathode steel bar; simultaneously in roasting process; ramming paste between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block, and between the anode space over against cathode surface can oxidation by air.Method of the present invention is simple, and effect is remarkable.
Description of drawings
Cross-sectional view when Fig. 1 covers ramming paste surface between adjacent two cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath for protective material of the present invention; Wherein a is when the ramming paste surface is lower than cathode surface in the cell construction, protectant use-pattern, b be in the cell construction ramming paste surface with cathode surface when contour, protectant use-pattern;
Fig. 2 covers the cross-sectional view in ramming paste when surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block for protective material of the present invention;
Fig. 3 for protective material of the present invention covers adjacent two spaces of row between the anodes over against cathode surface the time cross-sectional view;
Among the figure 1, cathode block, 2, the ramming paste between adjacent two cathode blocks, 3, the protective material on ramming paste surface; 4, cell vessel; 5, sidewall carbon brick, 6, the sidepiece ramming paste, 7, refractory concrete; 8, cathode steel bar; 9, anode, 10, the bottom land refractory materials, 11, the protective material pasted over admittedly of sidepiece; 12, between adjacent two anodes the space over against the protective material of cathode surface, 13, the protective material on ramming paste surface.
Embodiment
Method of the present invention is applicable to various types of aluminium cells, below is the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Sodium aluminum fluoride in the embodiment of the invention, magnesia, aluminum oxide and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) are the general industry product, and magnesian weight content is greater than 95% in the magnesia.
The alum liquor that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is the preparation of general industry Tai-Ace S 150 product.
The sodium aluminate solution that adopts in the embodiment of the invention is that solution is used in the alumina producer leaching, and wherein naoh concentration is 100～300g/L, and the concentration of aluminium hydroxide is 20～300g/L.
Lignosulfite in the embodiment of the invention is the spent pulping liquor of paper mill discharging, or the solution that is made into by powdery sulfite paper paste dry powder, and its main component is calcium lignin sulphonate or sodium lignosulfonate.
With aluminum oxide is main ionogen, and sodium aluminum fluoride is secondary ionogen, and aluminum oxide is mixed with sodium aluminum fluoride, and blending ratio is an aluminum oxide by weight: sodium aluminum fluoride=1: 0.025 obtains electrolyte mixture.Lignosulfite is the spent pulping liquor of paper mill discharging.
Add the binding agent lignosulfite and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 3% of electrolyte mixture for lignosulfite by weight percentage, obtains protective material.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 4cm.
Electrolyzer local structure after process laying, the ramming protective material are respectively as Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and shown in Figure 3, Fig. 1 is for to be provided with protectant structural representation between two cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, protective material 3 is above the ramming paste 2 between two adjacent cathode blocks 1; Fig. 2 is provided with protectant structural representation for the ramp type ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and cathode block; Fig. 3 in adjacent two spaces of row between the anodes over against cathode surface protectant structural representation is set.
After adopting aforesaid method to apply protective material, carry out the roasting of aluminium cell in the usual way, protective material penetrates in the ramming paste, has avoided aluminium liquid to enter fusing cathode steel bar in the ramming paste crack, and in roasting process, cathode surface is not oxidized simultaneously.
With aluminum oxide is main ionogen, and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is secondary ionogen, and aluminum oxide is mixed with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), and blending ratio is an aluminum oxide by weight: Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan)=1: 0.3 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent sodium aluminate solution and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 6% of electrolyte mixture for sodium aluminate solution by weight percentage, obtains protective material.Wherein naoh concentration is 100g/L in the sodium aluminate solution, and the concentration of aluminium hydroxide is 20g/L.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 3cm.
With magnesia is main ionogen, and sodium aluminum fluoride is secondary ionogen, and magnesia is mixed with sodium aluminum fluoride, and blending ratio is a magnesia by weight: sodium aluminum fluoride=1: 0.1 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent sodium aluminate solution and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 9% of electrolyte mixture for sodium aluminate solution by weight percentage, obtains protective material.Wherein naoh concentration is 200g/L in the sodium aluminate solution, and the concentration of aluminium hydroxide is 150g/L.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 4cm.
With magnesia is main ionogen, and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is secondary ionogen, and magnesia is mixed with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), and blending ratio is a magnesia by weight: Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan)=1: 0.2 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent sodium aluminate solution and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 12% of electrolyte mixture for sodium aluminate solution by weight percentage, obtains protective material.Wherein naoh concentration is 300g/L in the sodium aluminate solution, and the concentration of aluminium hydroxide is 300g/L.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 5cm.
Magnesia and aluminum oxide are mixed, obtain main ionogen, the weight content of magnesia is 30%; Sodium aluminum fluoride and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) are mixed, obtain secondary ionogen, the weight content of sodium aluminum fluoride is 60%.
Main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.2 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent alum liquor and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 15% of electrolyte mixture for alum liquor by weight percentage, obtains protective material.The weight concentration of alum liquor is 30%.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 6cm.
Magnesia and aluminum oxide are mixed, obtain main ionogen, the weight content of magnesia is 60%; Sodium aluminum fluoride and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) are mixed, obtain secondary ionogen, the weight content of sodium aluminum fluoride is 90%.
Main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.025 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent alum liquor and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 3% of electrolyte mixture for alum liquor by weight percentage, obtains protective material.The weight concentration of alum liquor is 20%.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 5cm.
Magnesia and aluminum oxide are mixed, obtain main ionogen, the weight content of magnesia is 90%; Sodium aluminum fluoride and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) are mixed, obtain secondary ionogen, the weight content of sodium aluminum fluoride is 10%.
Main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.04 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent alum liquor and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 6% of electrolyte mixture for alum liquor by weight percentage, obtains protective material.The weight concentration of alum liquor is 5%.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 4cm.
Magnesia and aluminum oxide are mixed, obtain main ionogen, the weight content of magnesia is 50%; With sodium aluminum fluoride is secondary ionogen, and main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.15 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent lignosulfite and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 9% of electrolyte mixture for lignosulfite by weight percentage, obtains protective material.The solution that lignosulfite is made into by powdery sulfite paper paste dry powder, the weight concentration of sulfite paper paste dry powder are 5%.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 3cm.
Magnesia and aluminum oxide are mixed, obtain main ionogen, the weight content of magnesia is 50%; With Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is secondary ionogen, and main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.15 obtains electrolyte mixture.
Add the binding agent lignosulfite and mix in electrolyte mixture, add-on accounts for 12% of electrolyte mixture for lignosulfite by weight percentage, obtains protective material.The solution that lignosulfite is made into by powdery sulfite paper paste dry powder, the weight concentration of sulfite paper paste dry powder are 20%.
Before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 2cm.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of aluminium electrolytic cell cathode oxidation and method of leaking aluminium of preventing, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: mix aluminum oxide (1) with magnesia, obtain main ionogen, the weight percent of aluminum oxide is 0～100% in the main ionogen, and the weight percent of magnesia is 0～100%; Sodium aluminum fluoride is mixed with Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), obtain secondary ionogen, the weight percent of sodium aluminum fluoride is 0～100% in the secondary ionogen, and the weight percent of Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) is 0～100%; Main ionogen is mixed with secondary ionogen, and blending ratio is main ionogen by weight: secondary ionogen=1: 0.025～0.3 obtains electrolyte mixture; (2) add binding agent and mixing in electrolyte mixture, the binding agent add-on accounts for 3～15% of electrolyte mixture by weight percentage, obtains protective material; (3) before roasting aluminum electrolytic bath; with protective material be laid on the ramming paste surface between two adjacent cathode blocks on the internal lining of aluminium electrolytic bath, on the ramming paste surface between aluminum cell side carbon piece and the cathode block and the space between adjacent two row's anodes over against the cathode block surface on; be fixed on ramming paste or cathode surface by physical method ramming to protective material then; form the protective material layer, the thickness of protective material layer is 2～5cm.
2, a kind of aluminium electrolytic cell cathode oxidation and method of leaking aluminium of preventing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described binding agent is sodium aluminate solution, alum liquor or lignosulfite, wherein naoh concentration is 100～300g/L in the sodium aluminate solution, and the concentration of aluminium hydroxide is 20～300g/L; The weight concentration of alum liquor is 5～30%; Lignosulfite is the spent pulping liquor of paper mill discharging, or the solution that is made into by the sulfite paper paste dry powder, and the weight concentration of sulfite cellulose dry powder is 5～20% in the solution.
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| CN200910013565A CN101643914A (en) | 2009-08-31 | 2009-08-31 | Method for preventing cathode oxidation and aluminum leakage of aluminum electrolytic bath |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102304727A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-01-04 | 遵义铝业股份有限公司 | Anode anti-oxidization device for central seam breaking head of electrolytic cell |
| CN114457383A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 山西亮宇炭素有限公司 | Cathode tamping paste for environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell |
-
2009
- 2009-08-31 CN CN200910013565A patent/CN101643914A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102304727A (en) * | 2011-10-17 | 2012-01-04 | 遵义铝业股份有限公司 | Anode anti-oxidization device for central seam breaking head of electrolytic cell |
| CN114457383A (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-10 | 山西亮宇炭素有限公司 | Cathode tamping paste for environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN114457383B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-05-23 | 山西亮宇炭素有限公司 | Cathode tamping paste for environment-friendly aluminum electrolysis cell |
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Open date: 20100210 |