CN101641255B - Sportsboard structures - Google Patents

Abstract

A sports board that includes an elongate, water impervious, thermoplastic foam core having an upper surface and an under surface; an upper layer covering at least a portion of the upper surface; and an under layer covering at least a portion of the under surface. The foam core is made of a foamed material having a water absorption (measured according to ASTM C-272) of less than 2 volume percent.

Description

Sportsboard structures

Technical field

The present invention relates to can be used for the novel maneuvering board in the various sports.

Background technology

Plate and modification plate are used for various motions and/or sports, for example slide plate surfing, ride wave, sailboard by ship, by the ship holder drag, aquaplane water skiing, skis skiing, sleighing are slided, snowfield snowboarding and the skating of skating plate.

Surfing is smooth or the narrow floating body of slight bending, and it is suitable for one or more individual uses, with box lunch it close the land, when coastline or seabeach, mobile or ride with the billow of water or wave.

Sailboard can be similar to surfing, but can be furnished with sail, and described sail will be caught obtainable distinguished and admirable propelling ship side, from rather than only depend on obtainable current and/or wave provides proal power.

Usually for stabilising direction, surfing and sailboard require fin (fin), and namely the plate of triangular design and its plane are arranged essentially parallel to the setting of plane, direct of travel place.

Surfing and sailboard are usually by timber or plastic material, for example epoxy resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resin or similar material manufacturing, they will form actual afterbody or main body and surround by expanded material, for example the core of polystyrene or polyurethane manufacturing.Because a variety of causes, layout board as far as possible gently, actual plastic surface layer is not very thick.

U.S. Patent No. 5928045 discloses the maneuvering board of the outside guardrail (rail) with foam core and deck (deck) layer, bottom and covering foam core.

U.S. Patent No. 3337886 discloses the surfing with foam core and external surface layer or shell.

GB961612 discloses the surfing of being made up of the foamed polystyrene board with plastics covering.The employed polystyrene material of this surfing is " refusing water ".Foamed polystyrene board covers with plastics.Have the surfing of refusing the water feature and the outside face of supporting the user although this bond provides, this bond is not shock-resistant.

EP224023 discloses the surfing with cmpd (compound) structure, wherein be clipped in it with having-synthetic resin and the thermoplastic material of silver-colored braided fabric cover the foaming core.This silver braided fabric provides the foam texture of bigger rigidity.

FR2787088 discloses the sandwich type structure that is used for surfing.This surfing is included in the flexible foam body core between glass fibre and the carbon, for example polystyrene and polyurethane.This structure binder substance, for example epoxy resin and laminated polymeric thing are installed.

U.S. Patent No. 5275860 discloses surfing and saddle (body board), and wherein this plate comprises foam core, and described foam core is that the top layer, upper and lower directly is bonded to closed pore on it or the foams of airtight abscess.In order to realize significantly high integraty bonding, interlayer is made up of the compound of the different polymeric materials on the polymeric material of foams and top layer.These foams are bead foam bodies of foamed polystyrene, and the top layer is high density polyethylene (HDPE).

U.S. Patent No. 5944570 discloses a kind of surfing, and it has the center stringer of the prestress that is positioned at the band foam core element on each side of longeron (stringer), to form the core element at center.

U.S. Patent No. 4798549 discloses a kind of surfing, it comprises that upper and lower surface is usually towards the longeron of the elongation of vertical curved of surfing, in longeron length, form and along the path of its extension, along the outlet port that longeron distributes, the fin box (fin box) of portion's place's formation in its back-end in longeron.Structure is also arranged path, port and fin box, for introducing at least a foams and the steam in it is incorporated into the space adjacent with described longeron.

U.S. Patent No. 4850913 discloses for surfing, sleighing slides and the maneuvering board of other motions, it has the polyethylene core of moulding, wherein the layered product of polyethylene film/polyethylene foam sheet material in heated lamination on all surfaces basically of core to the polyethylene core of described moulding.

U.S. Patent No. 4887986 discloses surfing and sailboard, and it comprises the inflexible floating body with afterbody and stem; Two flexible lateral parts that link to each other with inflexible floating body, one of them is on its any side; With the foot of the mast that is positioned on the inflexible floating body, wherein flexible lateral parts is incorporated in the flexible floating body and the inflexible floating body cone the part of the side flexures on caudal directions from afterbody to the foot of the mast peripheral region, become narrow bridge, described narrow bridge is narrower than each flexible lateral parts.

U.S. Patent No. 6712657 discloses saddle and surfing, and they have protuberance (spine) element of vertically installing between the two halves of plate.Strengthening element installs along material base (blank) vertical and horizontal of plate.

U.S. Patent Application Publication 2006/0270288 discloses by heat transfer, twines the method for foam core surfing shape with the smooth foam top layer of 1/4``.The external margin of plate is stretched out in " the stacked guard bar structure of the foam " permission " needle-like rectangular (pinstripe) " of conducting heat.

Use saddle by rider, handle at wave.Rider is typically controlled the guardrail of the one or both sides of saddle, and buttocks, chest, knee and/or the pin of rider are positioned on the top deck of saddle simultaneously.The weight of wave, rider and rider make saddle produce huge bending and moment of torsion stress with these the combination of hand, elbow, trunk, knee and/or pin guiding saddle.Crooked and moment of torsion stress tends to make the saddle distortion, and this normally non-required result, requires saddle to adapt to operating the rudder of rider fully because successfully finish to handle.Be applied on the saddle the power that only makes the plate bending to rider again guide plate do not have help.Therefore, wish that saddle has high stiffness.

On the other hand, making become unusual hard of saddle simply is not actual solution, because worry weight and because may be required along the bending of some part in saddle of plate.For example, can wish plate x wire be in the building berth afterbody (way aft of the nose) of fore and leading corner (lead corner) 1/4 around have more flexible.This flexible permission rider is pulled upwardly fore, makes its bending on saddle main deck plane, avoids dropping to below the water surface when the state of kinematic motion to keep fore and leading corner, and wherein under described state of kinematic motion, fore is forced downwardly.Yet at 1/4 place, dead ahead of plate, transversely line is very firm usually to consider to wish plate, in order to will be transferred on the opposite side of plate in the guide input of rider on the side of plate effectively and guide opposite side again.However, the style of these vague generalization, single rider and to the variation of saddle performance characteristic preference, and the wide variations of wave state provide the task of the suitable stiffness of saddle complicated with making.

Usually, saddle can comprise variable deflection feature, namely needs deflection and want intensity middle with afterbody part domestic demand in the bow region that is called as " powerturn ", and this may be that speed is desired.Can construct the fore part, allow the corner crooked or crooked along whole fore part.Usually, bottom skin is smooth, tough and tensile and anti-scratching concerning speed waterborne.The upper face of texture (texture) top layer, deck or plate is to provide relative sliding resistance.

Except above-mentioned, there is the saddle feature that is called " swing (rocker) ".It typically refers to the line of centers K/UP from saddle.There are whole swing, fore swing and tail swing.Swing influences the ability that plate skims at the inhomogeneous water surface usually.There is not perfect swing, but there is general consensus in the content that constitutes good swing.Typically, good swing involves from the fore about 1/3 gentle curvature that makes progress and on the bow locating back, and counting the gained height in the bottom of plate is about 1.5 inches.All the other plates of 2/3 should be smooth or have from fore about 1/3 very little height back.

Typically by floating foam core forming, described floating foam core links to each other with top layer, top, top layer, bottom and side guardrail saddle.The top layer that adds and guardrail provide durable outside face and the top layer of bottom typically to have the smooth exterior surface face, so that accelerator card on the water.

U.S. Patent Application Publication 2003/0008575 discloses a kind of saddle, and it comprises the foam core with buoy, supports rider in water.Basically solid and hard, the stiffening elements on plane is for example by embedding within it usually, thereby is connected on the foam core and as rider being applied bending force replying on the foam core, this element provides bending resistance.Stiffening elements can comprise the crossbeam that usually is orientated in the direction vertical with the longitudinal axis of foam core, the crossbeam that is orientated in the direction parallel with the longitudinal axis usually, and/or the crossbeam that is orientated in the direction with longitudinal axis oblique.The bending resistance that provides by stiffening elements can increase with the continually varying consumption at least a portion foam core.This element can provide resistance along the vector that first vectorial sum of selecting second is selected, and wherein second vector of selecting and first selection is vectorial not parallel.

Ski is a kind of carriage, it is included as at any fully downward slope, slidingsurface, for example avenge, ice, meadow, metal or the slip waterborne on water slide and the elongated member of constructing, and one or more rider be in take a seat, go down on one's knees or obliquity under.

U.S. Patent Application Publication 2003/0205872 and 2005/0035564 discloses the flexible foam ski by the preparation of molding of polyethylene foam core, covered by smooth polyethylene film/polyethylene foam sheet material layered product with the lower surface at least of this foam core, described layered product provides rub resistance seldom between ski and slidingsurface.

Skis is a kind of carriage, and it is included as in snow-clad downward ramped surfaces and slides and the elongated member of structure, and one or more rider is under the standing place.

U.S. Patent No. 5865446 discloses a kind of skis, it comprise have upper face, lower surface, outer end and inner first, wherein the outer end K/UP helps first to move with first direction from the teeth outwards; Have upper face, lower surface, outer end and inner second portion, wherein the outer end K/UP helps second portion to move with second direction from the teeth outwards; The flexible connector of the inner that connects first to the inner of second portion, this flexible connector is equal can the distortion and bending on level and vertical this both direction; First running-on (binding) of one of two pin of regular user to the upper face of first, this first running-on is fixed firmly in the first; With regular user's another pin second running-on to the upper face of second portion, this second running-on is fixed firmly on the second portion; So the user can first or second direction accelerate mobile skis.Centre portion and this centre portion that first and second parts of skis can have separately between the inner and outer end can be by foam core or solid polymer resin manufacturings.

The skating plate is to be suitable for rider with the platform of the narrow and elongated belt wheel of standing place transfer.

U.S. Patent No. 5716562 discloses the preparation method of the composite material skating plate of injection moulding, foaming.Skating plate main body is formed by composite material, and described composite material comprises the structural plastic material of foaming, comprising a plurality of elongated line thigh of the carbon fibre material that distributes in the boundary of material.By injection moulding, use thermoplastic base resin, for example nylon, polypropylene and polyethylene prepare skating plate main body.

The maneuvering board of lightweight is favourable, because in most of the cases, wishes that rider needn't carry above required any weight.In addition, in use in the waters, but the buoyancy of the weight negative effect plate of plate.

Regrettably, the foam central layer that uses polyurethane, polystyrene foamed and/or expanded polypropylene tends to absorb moisture when being exposed to water in the time, thereby makes their heavier and ideals so.

In addition, be used for many application of maneuvering board, it is good flexible to wish that plate has, and when distortion, plate can " resilience " returns the ability of its original shape.When surfing, flexible for example provide accelerated and when skiing, provided improved Turning radius and acceleration.

Although flexible is required characteristic, proof is difficult to be built into maneuvering board, and typically requires consuming time and expensive building method.

Therefore, this area needs the maneuvering board of lightweight, and it does not absorb water and good flexibility can be provided in the mode of economy.

Summary of the invention

The invention provides a kind of maneuvering board, it comprises the thermoplastic foam core elongated, not porous with upper face and lower surface; Cover the upper strata of at least a portion upper face; With the lower floor that covers at least a portion lower surface.This foam core is formed by the expanded material of water absorption rate (measuring according to ASTM C-272) less than 2 volume %.

The present invention also provides surfing, and it comprises elongated, the foam core of porous not with upper face and lower surface of the interpenetrating networks of the poly-mer that contains one or more of polyolefin and one or more of vi-ny l aromatic monomers; Cover the upper strata of at least a portion upper face; With the lower floor that covers at least a portion lower surface.This foam core is formed by the expanded material of water absorption rate (measuring according to ASTM C-272) less than 2 volume %.

The surfing material base comprise have internal edge, elongated, the water-fast first that contains foamable polymeric matrix of leading end and tail end; Elongated, the water-fast second portion that contains foamable polymeric matrix with internal edge, leading end and tail end; And along the internal edge of first and second portion and the longeron of arranging betwixt and being fixed to the upper.Foamable polymeric matrix contains the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that is selected from polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, the rubber of the polystyrene of modified rubber, polyolefin, polystyrene modification, the one or more of resins in the polyphenylene oxide, and bond and blend.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the plan view from above of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows the face upwarding view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 3 shows the side elevation view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows the cross sectional view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows the cross sectional view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 6 shows the plan view from above of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 7 shows the face upwarding view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 8 shows the side elevation view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Fig. 9 shows the cross sectional view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 10 shows the cross sectional view of surfing according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 11 shows the plan view from above of saddle according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 12 shows the side elevation view of saddle according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 13 shows the cross sectional view of saddle according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 14 shows the cross sectional view of saddle according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 15 shows the plan view from above of aquaplane according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 16 shows the side elevation view of aquaplane according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 17 shows the cross sectional view of aquaplane according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 18 shows the cross sectional view of aquaplane according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 19 shows the plan view from above of skis according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 20 shows the side elevation view of skis according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 21 shows the cross sectional view of skis according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 22 shows the cross sectional view of skis according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 23 shows the plan view from above of snowfield slide plate (snow ski) according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 24 shows the side elevation view of snowfield slide plate according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 25 shows the cross sectional view of snowfield slide plate according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 26 shows the cross sectional view of snowfield slide plate according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 27 shows the plan view from above of sled according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 28 shows the face upwarding view of sled according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 29 shows the side elevation view of sled according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 30 shows the cross sectional view of sled according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 31 shows the plan view from above of surfing material base according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 32 is the side elevation view of the surfing material base of Figure 31;

Figure 33 shows the plan view from above of surfing material base according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 34 is the side elevation view of the surfing material base of Figure 33;

Figure 35 shows the plan view from above of surfing material base according to embodiments of the present invention;

Figure 36 is the side elevation view of the surfing material base of Figure 35.

The specific embodiment

For purpose described below, term " top ", " bottom ", " inside ", " outside ", " right side ", " left side ", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " bottom " and the word of deriving thereof are with orientation of the present invention is relevant in the accompanying drawings.Yet, should be appreciated that the present invention can approve alternative variation and step order, unless specially explanation on the contrary in addition.It is also understood that concrete device and the technology setting forth in the accompanying drawings and describe are the embodiments that exemplifies of the present invention in following specification sheets.Therefore, concrete size and other physical features that relate in the embodiment disclosed herein should not be regarded as limiting the present invention.In describing embodiment of the present invention, mention accompanying drawing herein, wherein identical numeral refers to the feature that the present invention is identical.

Except in operational example with wherein have in addition the situation of explanation, all numerical value or the expression of mentioning employed composition consumption, reaction conditions etc. in this specification sheets and claim should be understood to modify with term " about " in all cases.Therefore, unless explanation on the contrary, the numerical parameter of listing in following specification sheets and claims is approximate value, and it can wish that the required performance that obtains changes with the present invention.At least, and do not attempt restriction and use doctrine of equivalents in the scope of claim, each numerical parameter should be at least in view of the numerical value of the significant digit of reporting with by adopting common approximation technique to explain.

However, number range and the parameter of listing broad range of the present invention are approximate values, and the numerical value of listing in specific embodiment is then as far as possible accurately reported.Yet any numerical value comprises certain error inherently, and described error must come from the standard deviation that occurs in they thermometricallies separately.

In addition, should be appreciated that any number range plan of quoting as proof comprises all subranges that comprise within it herein.For example, scope 1-10 intends being included in all subranges between the minimum value of quoting as proof 1 and the maxim of quoting as proof 10 and comprising 1 and 10; That is to say to have the minimum value that is equal to or greater than 1 and the maxim that is equal to or less than 10.Because disclosed number range is continuous, so they are included in each numerical value between minimum value and the maxim.Unless specially explanation in other cases, Gui Ding various number ranges are similar in this application.

Term as used herein " surfing " refers to the elongated member of constructing into floating, and it is suitable for one or more rider and uses with the position surfing of standing.

Term as used herein " sailboard " refers to the elongated member of constructing into floating, and it is can be furnished with sail and be suitable for the uses such as (windsurf) of braving the wind and the waves with the position of standing of one or more rider.

Term as used herein " saddle " refers to the elongated member of constructing into floating, and it is used by rider, handles with the position of taking a seat, going down on one's knees or tilting on wave.

Term as used herein " wave plate (wave board) " refers to be the element of floating small-sized essentially rectangular of constructing that it is used by rider, handles with the position that tilts on wave.

Term as used herein " ski " refers to a kind of carriage, it is included as at any fully downward tilt sliding surface, for example avenge, ice, meadow, metal or the slip waterborne on water slide and the elongated member of constructing, and one or more rider be in take a seat, go down on one's knees or obliquity under.

Term as used herein " skis " refers to a kind of carriage, and it is included as at snow-clad downward inclined surface and slides and the elongated member of structure, and one or more rider is under the standing place.

Term as used herein " skating plate " refers to that a kind of one or more rider that is suitable for is with the platform of the narrow and elongated belt wheel of standing place transfer.

Term as used herein " snowfield slide plate " refers to use in pairs the narrow and carriage of common rectangle is in order to slide and rider is in the position of standing and a pin and is fixed to each and installs at snow-clad downward inclined surface.

Term as used herein " aquaplane " refers to optionally the narrow of use in pairs and the carriage of common rectangle, in order to glide along the water surface, be in position and two pin of standing by the ship-dragging of mechanization and rider simultaneously and be fixed on one or two such device.

Term as used herein " go-kart " refers to be suitable for one or more rider and adds the wheel platform with the rectangle of the position transfer of taking a seat, going down on one's knees or tilting.

Term as used herein " foamable polymeric matrix " refers to the grain of foaming agent dipping or the polymeric material of bead form, be exposed to hot following time with this grain of box lunch and/or bead, the evaporation of foaming agent (as described below) will influence the formation of the foam structure of in grain and/or bead foam structure and/or foaming, thereby cause the bead foaming, also further be exposed to hot following time in the mould with being placed on when the bead that foams, this bead can further foam, and the outside face of grain and/or bead can merge, and forms the moving material of the polymeric material that fits in mold shape.

Term as used herein " foamed plastic ", " pre-expand (prepuff) ", " expanded resin beads " and " prefoam body " refer to the foamed thermoplastics particle that flooded with foaming agent, wherein at least some foaming agents are removed subsequently (as non-limiting example, heating and foaming, then evaporate and diffuse out bead), its mode will increase the volume of particle and therefore reduce its bulk density.

Term as used herein " thermoplastic plastic " refers to when heating the time can be softened, fusion and/or change its shape and the material of underhardening again when cooling off.

Term " polymer " as used herein " mean including, but not limited to homopolymer, copolymer and graft copolymer.

Term as used herein " polyolefin " refers to by at least a olefinic type monomers, for example the unsaturated C of α ₂-C ₃₂The poly-mer of the olefin production of straight or branched, its non-limiting example comprise ethene, propylene, 1-butylene, 1-hexene and 1-octene.

Term as used herein " polyethylene " refers to and comprises the not only homopolymer of ethene, and contain 50mol% at least, in some cases, at least 70mol% and 80mol% ethylene unit and can and contain 50wt% at least with the ethylene copolymer of the unit of the corresponding proportion of the monomer of ethylene copolymer at least in other cases, in some cases, at least 60wt% and in other cases, the blend of the Alathon of 75wt% or copolymer and another poly-mer at least.

Can comprise vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, propylene, 1-butylene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and (methyl) acrylic acid and ester thereof with the non-limiting example of the monomer of ethylene copolymer.

Can with Alathon or copolymer blended poly-mer comprise can be compatible with Alathon or copolymer any poly-mer.Can comprise polypropylene, poly-butadiene, polyisoprene, polychlorobutadiene, haloflex, polyvinylchloride, styrene/butadiene copolymers, vinyl acetate/ethylene copolymer, styrenic polymer, acrylonitrile/butadiene copolymer, phenylethylene/butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer with the non-limiting example of Alathon or copolymer blended poly-mer, and vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer.

Term as used herein " styrenic polymer " refers to the homopolymer of styrene monomer and the copolymer of styrene monomer and another copolymerisable monomer, and wherein styrene monomer accounts for the 50mol% at least of monomeric unit in the copolymer.The non-limiting example of styrene monomer comprises bromination or chlorinated derivatives and the bond thereof of styrene, p-methylstyrene, AMS, t-butyl styrene, dimethyl styrene, Dowspray 9, its nuclear.But the non-limiting example of the monomer of suitable copolymerization comprises 1,3-butadiene, (methyl) acrylic acid C ₁-C ₃₂(concrete non-limiting example comprises (methyl) butyl acrylate, (methyl) ethyl acrylate, (methyl) methyl acrylate and (methyl) 2-EHA, butyl acrylate, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, Alpha-Methyl ethene, divinylbenzene, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, fumaric acid, the C of maleic acid for linearity, ring-type or branched alkane ester ₁-C ₁₂The list of linearity, side chain or ring-type-and two-alkane ester, the C of fumaric acid ₁-C ₁₂The list of linearity, side chain or ring-type-and two-alkane ester, itaconic acid, the C of itaconic acid ₁-C ₁₂The list of linearity, side chain or ring-type-and two-alkane ester, itaconic anhydride and bond thereof).

Term as used herein " (methyl) acrylic acid " and " (methyl) acrylate " refer to comprise acrylic acid and methacrylic acid derivative the two, the corresponding alkane ester that usually is called acrylate and (methyl) acrylate that for example term " (methyl) acrylate " is intended containing.

Term as used herein " molding " refers to that plastic material presents the moulding of new required form.Molding can involve specific molding tool, for example formpiston and former instrument, the use of carved template and analogue.It also can comprise the core element that uses specific moulding, and comprising compressible core element, described core element is used for giving at least a portion thermoplastic material required shape.

Term as used herein " rubber " refers to natural or synthetic polymer material, and it has under the influence of power the experience distortion and in case remove external force, then recovers the ability of its original shape.

Term as used herein " polystyrene of modified rubber " refers to styrenic polymer, and wherein styrenic polymer formation continuous phase and rubber constitute the discrete phase in this resin.

Term as used herein " rubber of polystyrene modification " refers to that rubber wherein constitutes the resin that continuous phase and styrenic polymer constitute the discrete phase in the resin, U.S. Patent Publication No.2006-0276558A1 as common pending trial is described, and its relevant portion is introduced by reference at this.

The invention provides a kind of maneuvering board, it comprises thermoplastic foam core elongated, water-fast or not porous, and it has upper face and lower surface; Cover the upper strata of at least a portion upper face; With the lower floor that covers at least a portion lower surface.

The thermoplastic foam core contains water-fast at least or the expandable polymer matrix of the foaming of porous not.The swellable polymer matrix contains one or more of thermoplastic base resins.Suitable thermoplastic base resin includes, but not limited to the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, the polystyrene of modified rubber, the rubber of polystyrene modification, polyphenylene oxide, the blend of polyolefin and at least a other poly-mers, and bond and blend.

Thermoplastic base resin can be bead, pellet, particle or convenient other particle form of using in foaming and molded operation.

In one embodiment of the invention, but the above-described thermoplastic base resin of blend and one or more ofly be selected from following poly-mer, and can comprise them: the homopolymer of vi-ny l aromatic monomers; The copolymer of at least a vi-ny l aromatic monomers and one or more of divinylbenzene, conjugated diene, alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride; Polyolefin; Polycarbonate; Polyester; Polyamide; Natural rubber; Neoprene; And bond.

In a special embodiment of the present invention, above-described thermoplastic base resin is one or more of polyolefin and the one or more of homopolymer that is selected from vi-ny l aromatic monomers; The copolymer of at least a vi-ny l aromatic monomers and one or more of divinylbenzene, conjugated diene, alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and/or maleic anhydride; Polycarbonate; Polyester; Polyamide; Natural rubber; The blend of the poly-mer in neoprene and the bond thereof.

In aspect this embodiment of the present invention special, foamable thermoplastic plastic can comprise thermoplastic homopolymer or copolymer, it is selected from by vi-ny l aromatic monomers, comprising styrene, cumene ethene, AMS, nuclear (nuclear) methyl styrene class, chlorostyrene, the homopolymer that t-butyl styrene and analogue are derived, and by the copolymerization copolymer of more than one described vi-ny l aromatic monomers and the preparation of one or more of other monomers at least, its non-limiting example is divinylbenzene, (non-limiting example is butadidenne to conjugated diene, isoprene, 1,3-and 2, the 4-hexadiene), alkyl methacrylate, alkyl acrylate, acrylonitrile and maleic anhydride, therein ethylene base aromatic monomer exists with the 50wt% at least of copolymer.In one embodiment of the invention, use styrenic polymer, especially polystyrene.Yet, can comprise other suitable polymers, for example polyolefin (for example, polyethylene, polypropylene), polycarbonate, polyphenylene oxide and composition thereof.In one embodiment of the invention, can use above-mentioned mixture of polymers.

As mentioned above, foamable polymeric matrix can comprise the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of polyolefin and in-situ polymerization and the copolymer of other foamable poly-mers randomly.

In embodiments of the invention, the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of polyolefin and in-situ polymerization can be one or more of in described in the United States Patent(USP) Nos. 3959189,4168353,4303756,4303757 and 6908949 those, its relevant portion at this by with reference to introducing.The non-limiting example of this copolymer that can use in the present invention comprises with trade name ARCEL

Available from NOVA Chemicals Inc., Pittsburgh, PA and with PIOCELAN

Available from Sekisui Plastics Co., Ltd., Tokyo, those of Japan.

In embodiments of the invention, the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of polyolefin and in-situ polymerization is particle or resin beads, subsequently it is processed to form the foam core in the maneuvering board of the present invention.Employed copolymer pellet comprises the polyolefin of the interpenetrating networks that form polyolefin and vinyl aromatic resin particle and the vinyl aromatic resin of in-situ polymerization among the present invention.With foaming agent and randomly plasticizer flood this copolymer pellet.

Can be by being included in aqueous suspension inner suspension polyolefin particles and vi-ny l aromatic monomers or monomer mixture, and in the method for this this monomer of polyolefin particles interior polymeric or monomer mixture, obtain this copolymer pellet.The non-limiting example of this method is disclosed in United States Patent(USP) Nos. 3959189,4168353 and 6908949.

In embodiments of the invention, polyolefin can comprise and is selected from lower density, middle density and high density polyethylene (HDPE); Ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer; Ethylene/propene copolymer, polyethylene and polyacrylic blend; The blend of polyethylene and ethylene; With the one or more of poly-vinyl resins in the blend of polyethylene and ethylene/propene copolymer.Also can use ethylene-butyl acrylate copolymer and ethylene-methyl methacrylate methyl terpolymer.

As mentioned above, thermoplastic base resin in the polymeric matrix can comprise the rubber of polystyrene modification, wherein rubber constitutes the discrete phase in continuous phase and the styrenic polymer formation resin, described in the U.S. Patent Publication No.2006-0276558 of common pending trial, its relevant portion is introduced by reference at this.

In some embodiments of the present invention, foamable polymeric matrix can comprise compound and the bond of above-described thermoplastic base resin.In other embodiments, the bond of above-described thermoplastic base resin or thermoplastic base resin can and be used in combination with other mixed with polymers.This compound and bond be can use, foamable polymeric matrix and/or foam core specific performance properties offered, for example watertightness, bending strength, modulus of elasticity, toughness and/or peel strength.

In special embodiment of the present invention, foamable polymeric matrix can contain the weight based on foamable polymeric matrix, the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of 100% polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, but also can contain maximum 99%, maximum 95% in some cases, in other cases, maximum 90%, in some cases maximum 80% and the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of maximum 75% polyolefin and in-situ polymerization in other cases.In addition, foamable polymeric matrix can contain the weight based on foamable polymeric matrix, at least 25%, in some cases, at least 30%, in other cases, at least 40% and in some cases, the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of at least 50% polyolefin and in-situ polymerization.The copolymer consumption of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of polyolefin and in-situ polymerization can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof in foamable polymeric matrix.

When comprising other foamable poly-mers in the foamable polymeric matrix with this copolymer, the amount of other foamable poly-mers can be based on the weight of foamable polymeric matrix, at least 1%, in some cases, at least 5%, in other cases at least 10%, in some cases at least 20% and in other cases at least 25%.In addition, based on the weight of foamable polymeric matrix, other foamable poly-mers can be with maximum 75%, and in some cases maximum 70%, in other cases maximum 60% and in some cases maximum 50% consumption be present in the foamable polymeric matrix.Can in foamable polymeric matrix, comprise other foamable poly-mers according to any level between above any numerical value of quoting as proof or scope.

In other special embodiments of the present invention, foamable polymeric matrix can contain the weight based on foamable polymeric matrix, the rubber of 100% polystyrene modification, but also can contain maximum 99%, maximum 95% in some cases, in other cases, maximum 90%, the rubber of maximum 80% and in other cases maximum 75% polystyrene modification in some cases.In addition, foamable polymeric matrix can contain the weight based on foamable polymeric matrix, and at least 25%, in some cases, at least 30%, in other cases, and at least 40% and in some cases, the rubber of at least 50% polystyrene modification.The rubber consumption of the polystyrene modification in foamable polymeric matrix can be according to any numerical value or scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

When comprising other foamable poly-mers in the foamable polymeric matrix of the rubber with polystyrene modification, the amount of other foamable poly-mers can be based on the weight of foamable polymeric matrix, at least 1%, in some cases, at least 5%, in other cases at least 10%, in some cases at least 20% and in other cases at least 25%.In addition, based on the weight of foamable polymeric matrix, other foamable poly-mers can be with maximum 75%, and in some cases maximum 70%, in other cases maximum 60% and in some cases maximum 50% consumption be present in the foamable polymeric matrix.Can in foamable polymeric matrix, comprise other foamable poly-mers according to any level between above any numerical value of quoting as proof or scope.

In the present invention, thermoplastic base resin can be the particle of polymerization in suspension process, and it is essentially the spherical resin bead that can be used for preparing foamable thermoplastic granulates.Yet, also can use the poly-mer by solution and polymerisation in bulk derives from technology, wherein extrude described poly-mer and be cut to the resin beads part of particle size.

In one embodiment of the invention, the granularity that contains the thermoplastic resin beads (not foaming) of any resin, poly-mer and/or polymer composition described herein can be at least 0.2, in some cases at least 0.33, in some cases at least 0.35, in other cases at least 0.4, in some cases at least 0.45 and 0.5mm at least in other cases.In addition, the granularity of this resin beads can be maximum 3, and is maximum 2 in some cases, maximum 2.5 in other cases, maximum 2.25 in some cases, maximum 2 in other cases, in some cases maximum 1.5 and 1mm at most in other cases.Employed resin beads can be any numerical value or can be scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof in this embodiment.

Foamable dipping thermoplastic resin beads can be the foamed plastic that uses in the present invention, expand and/or expanded resin beads in advance.

Can randomly use any conventional approach, adopt suitable foaming agent to flood foamable thermoplastic granulates or resin beads.As non-limiting example, can be in the process of polymer, polymer, by adding foaming agent in aqueous suspension, perhaps by suspended polymer particles again in water-bearing media, mix foaming agent then, thereby realize dipping, instruct as U.S. Patent No. 2983692.The material that produces gas when any gaseous material or heating can be used as foaming agent.Conventional foaming agent is included in the aliphatic hydrocarbon that molecule includes 4-6 carbon atom, for example butanes, pentane class, hexane class and halogenated hydrocarbon, and for example CFC and HCFC, they seethe with excitement under the temperature of the softening point that is lower than selected poly-mer.Also can use the compound of these aliphatic hydrocarbon foaming agents.

Perhaps, can be with water and these aliphatic hydrocarbon foaming agent blend, perhaps water can be used as unique foaming agent, instructs as United States Patent(USP) Nos. 6127439,6160027 and 6242540, in these patents, uses water-loss reducer.The percent by weight scope that is used as the water of foaming agent can be 1-20%.United States Patent(USP) Nos. 6127439,6160027 and 6242540 text at this by with reference to introducing.

Randomly make the thermoplastic resin beads of dipping be foamed into bulk density and be 0.5lb/ft at least ³(0.008g/cc), in some cases, 1.25lb/ft at least ³(0.02g/cc), 1.5lb/ft at least in other cases ³(0.024g/cc), 1.75lb/ft at least in some cases ³(0.028g/cc), 2lb/ft at least in some cases ³(0.032g/cc), 3lb/ft at least in other cases ³3.25lb/ft at least (0.048g/cc) and under special situation ³(0.052g/cc) or 3.5lb/ft ³(0.056g/cc) so form themoplasticity bead or the particle of prefoam.When using the resin beads of non-foaming, can use the bead of high bulk density.Just because of this, bulk density can be up to 40lb/ft ³(0.64g/cc) and when only slightly foaming, 30lb/ft at most ³(0.48g/cc), maximum 20lb/ft in some cases ³(0.32g/cc), maximum 10lb/ft in other cases ³7.5lb/ft at most (0.16g/cc) and in some cases ³(0.12g/cc).The bulk density of thermoplastic granulates can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

By the heating medium of any routine, for example steam, hot air, hot water or radiant heat by heating the bead of dipping, carry out foaming step routinely.In U.S. Patent No. 3023175, instructed the method for a kind of common acceptance of the thermoplastic granulates prefoam that realizes dipping.

The resin beads of dipping can be the abscess polymer beads of the foaming of instructing among the U.S. Patent Publication No.2002-0117769, and it is taught in this by with reference to introducing.The vesicular particle of foaming can be above-described any resin and/or poly-mer, it can be foamed and be contained the weight based on poly-mer, content is less than 14wt%, in some cases less than 6wt%, in some cases scope for the about 5wt% of about 2wt%-and in other cases scope be the volatile foaming agent of the about 3.5wt% of about 2.5wt%-.

When in foamable polymeric matrix, comprising copolymer resin, polyolefinic content can be based on the weight of copolymer resin particle in copolymer resin of the present invention, at least 20%, in some cases at least 25%, in other cases at least 30%, with can be maximum 80%, maximum 70% in some cases, in other cases maximum 60% and 55wt% at most in some cases.Polyolefinic content can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof in copolymer resin.

The consumption of the vinyl aromatic resin of polymerization can be based on the weight of copolymer resin particle in copolymer resin of the present invention, at least 20%, in some cases at least 30%, in other cases at least 40%, in some cases at least 45%, with can be maximum 80%, maximum 75% in some cases, 70wt% at most in other cases.The content of the vinyl aromatic resin of polymerization can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof in copolymer resin.

Vinyl aromatic resin in copolymer resin can be made of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers of polymerization, but perhaps this resin can be the copolymer that contains the monomeric unit in the comonomer that is derived from vi-ny l aromatic monomers and copolymerization.The non-limiting example of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that can use in the present invention comprises styrene, AMS, ethyl styrene, chlorostyrene, bromostyrene, vinyltoluene, vinyl benzene and isopropyl dimethylbenzene.Can be used alone or as a mixture these monomers.

But the non-limiting example of the comonomer of copolymerization comprises 1,3-butadiene, (methyl) acrylic acid C ₁-C ₃₂Linearity, ring-type or branched alkane ester (concrete non-limiting example comprises (methyl) butyl acrylate, (methyl) ethyl acrylate and (methyl) 2-EHA), acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, Alpha-Methyl ethene, divinylbenzene, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, dimethyl maleate and diethyl maleate.

The non-limiting example of the vinyl aromatic copolymers that can use in copolymer resin of the present invention is included in those disclosed among the patent No.4049594.The concrete non-limiting example of suitable vinyl aromatic copolymers comprises containing the repetitive that comes from polymerizing styrene and coming from polymerization and is selected from 1,3-butadiene, (methyl) acrylic acid C ₁-C ₃₂The copolymer of the repetitive of the one or more of monomers in linearity, ring-type or branched alkane ester (concrete non-limiting example comprises (methyl) butyl acrylate, (methyl) ethyl acrylate and (methyl) 2-EHA), acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, Alpha-Methyl ethene, divinylbenzene, maleic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, dimethyl maleate and the diethyl maleate.

In special embodiment of the present invention, the vinyl aromatic resin in copolymer resin comprises polystyrene or styrene-propene butyl acrylate copolymer.

In embodiments of the invention, this copolymer resin particle of formation as described below: in the weight of passing through to add based on water, 0.01-5%, the deflocculant of 2-3wt% in some cases, water soluble polymer quantity of material for example, for example polyvinyl alcohol or methylcellulose or slightly water-soluble inorganic material, for example calcium phosphate or magnesium pyrophosphate and soap class, dispersible polyolefin particle in the water-bearing media of neopelex preparation for example, and vi-ny l aromatic monomers joined in this suspending fluid, and in the polyolefin particles interior polymeric.

The deflocculant of the known and general use of any routine that can use the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomer to use.These reagent are well-known in the art and can be freely selected by those skilled in the art.Based on weight, the 0.7-5 that the content of initial water is generally employed initial polyolefin particles in the aqueous suspension doubly, preferred 3-5 doubly and little by little, polymer beads can reach about 1: 1 with the ratio of water.

Use initiating agent, carry out the polymerization of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that in polyolefin particles, adsorbs.

Be suitable for the common consumption of initiating agent of suspension polymerization ethylene base aromatic monomer based on the weight of vi-ny l aromatic monomers, be about 0.05-2wt%, in some cases, be 0.1-1wt%.The non-limiting example of suitable initiating agent comprises organic peroxide, for example benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate and the mistake valeric acid tert-butyl ester, and azo-compound, for example two methyl pentane nitriles of azodiisobutyronitrile and azo.

These initiating agents can be used separately, perhaps two or more initiating agents can be used in combination.In many cases, initiating agent is dissolved in the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that is adsorbed in the polyolefin particles.In other cases, initiating agent can be dissolved in solvent, for example in toluene, benzene and 1, the 2-propylene dichloride.

When the in-situ polymerization vi-ny l aromatic monomers was finished, the vinyl aromatic resin of polymerization was evenly dispersed in polyolefin particles inside.

In many cases, cross-linked polyolefin particle.In polyolefin particles and before dipping foaming agent and/or plasticizer, can realize crosslinked simultaneously and the polymerization of vinyl aromatic monomer.For this purpose, use crosslinking agent.This crosslinking agent comprises; but be not limited to; di-t-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide cumyl, dicumyl peroxide, α; α-two (t-butylperoxy)-to diisopropyl benzene, 2; 5-dimethyl-2,5-two (t-butylperoxy)-hexin-3,2; 5-dimethyl-2,5-two (benzoyl peroxide base) hexane and the tert-butyl group-peroxy isopropyl base-carbonic ester.Based on the weight of the polyolefin particles that in water, suspends, be about 0.1-2wt% and the crosslinking agent of 0.5-1wt% in some cases by the dissolving consumption, these crosslinking agents are in vi-ny l aromatic monomers is attracted to polyolefin particles.Disclose the further details of crosslinking agent in the U.S. Patent No. 3959189 and adsorbed crosslinking agent to the interior mode of polyolefin particles.

Acidifying, dehydration, screening and introduce this copolymer pellet subsequently in second reactor, at this with foaming agent and/or plasticizer impregnated granules.

Can add foaming agent and/or plasticizer in the gained suspending fluid by copolymer pellet is suspended in the water-bearing media, and under preferred about 40 ℃-80 ℃ temperature, stir, thereby carry out impregnation steps.The blend together of foaming agent and/or plasticizer joins in the copolymer pellet then, perhaps it can be joined in the copolymer pellet independently.

Perhaps, among polymerization technique or afterwards, foaming agent and/or plasticizer can be joined in first reactor.

Said method discloses the wet method of dipping copolymer pellet.Perhaps, can be by the anhydrous process similar to the method for instructing during the 4th hurdle 20-36 of U.S. Patent No. 4429059 is capable, dipping copolymer pellet.

When the rubber resin of polystyrene modification is included in the foamable polymeric matrix, can be by below the Free Surface of the water that can be static or flow, pressurization atomizing liquid organic mixture, perhaps by applying mechanical agitation, form the dispersion of organic drop, thereby prepare these resins.This organic mixture typically contains and is included in one or more of elastomeric polymers and/or the one or more of polyolefinic organic solution of dissolving in the monomer solution that contains one or more of styrene monomers.The mean diameter of the organic drop that disperses typically is the about 10mm of about 0.001mm-.Typically use above-described initiating agent, in the organic drop that disperses, in the low flow pattern of shearing, polymerization single polymerization monomer forms the not polymer beads of foaming.In many cases, the density of organic mixture is the 0.01-60 volume % that water density ± 20% and organic drop of disperseing occupy machine and liquid, aqueous cumulative volume.

In some embodiments, the low flow pattern of shearing is not have under the churned mechanically situation, by under the gauge pressure of maximum 15 bar, continuously or periodically injection to the reactor content inertia and with the flow pattern of the immiscible one or more of gas streams of reactor content controlled low turbulent flow of generation in the selection part of reactor.Gas is expelled in the water under the gauge pressure less than 3 bar, and can forms diameter significantly greater than the one or more of bubbles stream of the particle mean size of the organic drop of atomizing.

In some embodiments, by mechanical agitation, provide the low flow pattern of shearing.

Typically, the rubber resin bead of the polystyrene modification of foaming does not have elastomer polymer and/or the polyolefin that continuous phase and discrete phase and continuous phase comprise crosslinked meshwork pattern.Continuous phase also can comprise elastomer polymer and/or polyolefin, and its pattern comprises the lines with big length-diameter ratio, and described lines randomly pass through the local side chain that forms and/or the mesh structure of interconnection, at least part of crosslinked and/or connection.

In many embodiments, organic mixture contains the weight based on organic mixture, the one or more of elastomer polymers of the about 50wt% of about 5-and/or one or more of polyolefin, comprise the monomer solution of one or more of styrene monomers with the about 50wt% of about 95-, wherein elastomer polymer and/or one or more of polyolefin dissolve in this monomer solution.

In embodiments of the invention, elastomer polymer can be selected from the homopolymer of butadidenne or isoprene, random, alternately or periodic copolymer with random, block, AB diblock or ABA triblock copolymer and ethene and the vinyl acetate of conjugated diene and aryl monomer and/or (methyl) acrylonitrile.

In some embodiments of the present invention, elastomer polymer comprises the diblock that is selected from styrene-butadiene, s-B-S, styrene-isoprene, styrene-isoprene-phenylethene, ethane-acetic acid ethyenyl ester, partially hydrogenated styrene-isoprene-phenylethene and one or more of periodic copolymers and the bond thereof in the triblock copolymer.In other embodiments of the present invention, elastomer polymer comprises the one or more of copolymers that contain to come the one or more of conjugated dienes of auto polymerization and be selected from the repetitive of at least a unsaturated nitrile in acrylonitrile and the methacrylonitrile.

In embodiments of the invention, in extruder, foaming agent can be metered in the foamable polymeric matrix, to produce resin granular material or bead.Before extruding this compound wire rod, extruder plays mixed foaming agent to the interior effect of foamable polymeric matrix.Can use suitable device, this wire rod is cut into bead or pellet length, the non-limiting example of this device is water logging die face cutting machine.

The particle of the foamable polymeric matrix of the present invention and/or bead also can contain other additives known in the art, and non-limiting example comprises nucleating agent; Antisatic additive; Fire retardant; Colorant or dyestuff; Packing material and bond thereof.Other additives also can comprise chain-transferring agent, and non-limiting example comprises C _2-15Alkyl sulfhydryl, for example n-dodecyl mercaptan, uncle's lauryl mercaptan, tert-butyl mercaptan and normal-butyl mercaptan and other reagent, for example dimer of pentaphenylethane and AMS.Other additives can further comprise nucleating agent, and non-limiting example comprises polyolefin-wax, i.e. Tissuemat E.

In maneuvering board of the present invention, the foamable polymeric matrix of gained is as the raw MAT'L of production foam core and/or material base.Foaming agent and/or plasticizer are incorporated in the foamable polymeric matrix particle, and formation can be foamed or expandable particle or resin beads, and described particle or resin beads then then are used for the moulded foam core.

The boiling point of foaming agent should be lower than polyolefinic softening point, and should be gaseous state or liquid state under room temperature (about 20-30 ℃) and normal pressure (about barometric pressure).Foaming agent is known in the art and boiling spread is generally-42 ℃ to 80 ℃, is more typically-10 ℃ to 36 ℃.Suitable hydrocarbon blowing agent comprises, but be not limited to, aliphatic hydrocarbon, for example n-propane, normal butane, isobutane, normal pentane, isopentane, normal hexane and neopentane, clicyclic hydrocarbon, for example tetramethylene and cyclopentance, and halogenated hydrocarbons, for example methyl chloride, ethyl chloride, methylene chloride, Arcton 11, dichlorofluoromethane, dichlorodifluromethane, difluorochloromethane and dichlorotetra-fluoroethane etc.Can use these foaming agents separately or with form of mixtures.If the normal butane, ethyl chloride and the dichlorotetra-fluoroethane that are gaseous state under room temperature and normal pressure use with form of mixtures, then can realize being foamed into low bulk density.In U.S. Patent No. 3959180, instructed the particular type of volatile foaming agent.In special embodiment of the present invention, foaming agent is selected from normal pentane, isopentane, neopentane, cyclopentance and composition thereof.

The amount ranges of foaming agent is the about 20wt% of about 1.5%-based on the weight of foamable polymeric matrix, in some cases, and about 1.5%-15wt% and 5%-15wt% in other cases.

Plasticizer can be used in combination with foaming agent, and as mentioned above, it serves as blowing promotor in the present invention.

Suitable manufacturing methods includes, but not limited to benzene, toluene, limonene, linearity, side chain or ring-type C ₅-C ₂₀Alkane, white oil, the linearity of phthalic acid, side chain or ring-type C ₁-C ₂₀Dialkyl, styrene, cinnamic oligomer, glass transition temperature are lower than the oligomer of (methyl) acrylate of polystyrene, and bond.

In special embodiment of the present invention, the plasticizer bag is drawn together limonene, a kind of monoterpene alkene that exists widely in plantage.Known type is d-limonene, 1-limonene and d1-limonene.The d-limonene is included in the top layer of lemon fruit, and in food additives as perfume agent; Its boiling point is about 176 ℃; And its comb. is low.The d-limonene is a kind of colourless liquid, has the orange shape fragranced of pleasant, goes through as food additives, and is widely used as the raw MAT'L of spices.Limonene is not dangerous airborne pollutant.

In the foamable polymeric matrix of per 100 weight portions, the plasticizer dosage scope can be about 0.1-5 part and about 1 weight portion of about 0.1-in some cases.

In many embodiments of the present invention; after 4-48 hour wears out; by adding particle or the bead of prefoam; to fill the mould of required form and size fully; and in steam molding press inner mold, thereby will contain the bead of prefoam of foamable polymeric matrix or the foam core shape that particle is molded as required size.When applying steam equably on the particle of prefoam or the bead time, realize good fusion between the bead.When also from mould and/or molding press, applying heat, can form the top layer at the outside face of the foam core of molding.

The top layer that forms in moulding process provides the surface of acceptant paint and laminated resin.

In the method for prior art, the bead of prefoam or particle are moulded at the mould inner mould of common rectangular shape.By general foam core section bar being cut into the foams of block molding, be shaped to required curve then then, so that foam core to be provided, thus the preparation foam core.Typically use this method in the prior art, and cause removing any top layer of molded parts, and seriously disturb the fusion foam structure of foam core.This method causes remarkable higher water absorbing capacity and paint and laminated resin uncompatibility in foam core.The latter typically causes inhomogeneous or wavy surface in maneuvering board, this is non-required aesthetically and makes that the pneumatic property of maneuvering board is lower.

In embodiments of the invention, by as mentioned above directly the moulded foam core become required form, form the top layer and/or by applying aquaseal to the damaging surface that produces because of cutting foam core shape, thereby overcome these problems.

Can use any aquaseal coating, it provides the surperficial water repellency of foam core and the having seldom until the surface that does not have gauffer or other areal deformations of receiving layer resin is provided.Suitable aquaseal is to include, but are not limited to vinyl-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-butadiene poly-mer, styrene-isoprene poly-mer; The s-B-S block polymer; The styrene-isoprene-phenylethene block polymer; And hydrogenated resin and bond thereof.

In some cases, can be used as aquaseal or comprise connection (joint) cmpd, gypsum paste, polyurethane, styrenic block copolymer, polypropylene and polyethylene as the other materials of the part of aquaseal.

In some embodiments, aquaseal can be multilayer, comprising the layer that contains above-described any material.Based on composition and the tectal composition of upper strata overplate and lower floor of foam core, determine to have the composition of one or more layers and these layers.As non-limiting example, aquaseal can comprise three kinds of components, TPO, thermoplastic styrene base polymer and styrenic block copolymer.

In some cases, aquaseal comprises and contains the 35-65wt% thermoplastic olefin, in some cases, 55-60wt%, 10-30wt%, 15-20wt% thermoplastic styrene base polymer and surplus are the membrane structure of styrenic block copolymer in some cases.

Under special situation, aquaseal can comprise 20-60wt% polypropylene, 40-50wt% in some cases; 20-60wt%, in some cases, the 40-50wt% polystyrene, and surplus is styrenic block copolymer.

Employed styrene block copolymer can be the copolymer of at least a vi-ny l aromatic monomers and at least a other alkene, diolefin (diolefin) and/or alkadiene (diene) monomer in the aquaseal.In special embodiment, styrene block copolymer can contain styrene block and butadiene block, and styrene and number-average molecular weight (use gel permeation chromatography, adopt polystyrene standards to measure) that it has about 35-55wt% bonding are about 50,000-about 100,000.The non-limiting example of suitable styrenic block copolymer is with trade name KRATON

Available from KRATON Polymers U.S.L.L.C.of Houston, those of TX.

In some embodiments, aquaseal comprises and contains at least three layers: the multiple-structure of TPO layer (TPO), thermoplastic ethylene's base aromatic hydrocarbons layer (TVA) and the connecting layer (TL) between TLO layer and TVA layer.It can be described as the TPO/TL/TVA structure.In some specific embodiments, aquaseal can comprise and contain five layers membrane structure, and wherein the TVA layer is sandwich layer, and as non-limiting example, five-layer structure can be described as TPO/TL/TVA/TL/TPO.

When aquaseal comprised multilayer film, in many cases, aquaseal contained the connecting layer material (based on the total weight of multiple-structure) of the 5-25wt% that has an appointment.When the preparation sheet structure, the use amount of connecting layer can be 5-10wt%, but can prepare the useful structure that contains less than 1% connecting layer material.Employed material usage can vary widely in other layers, to be suitable for different final uses.As non-limiting example, contain similar multilayer film with weight polyolefin and thermoplastic styrene base polymer (for example 10-20wt% " connecting layer " and 40-50wt% are in each layer of TPO and TVA layer).

Equally within the scope of the present invention be, with connecting layer material and one of outer employed a part of material premixed.When at the TPO layer or (of) accounting for the overall structure of very little weight % only in one of TVA layer, can use this method.

In embodiments of the invention, foam core described herein is 1.5-2.5lb/ft being molded as density ³The measurement water absorbing capacity of measuring on the sample (0.024-0.04g/cc) (measuring according to ASTM C-272) is less than 2 volume %, in some cases less than 1 volume % with in other cases less than 0.5 volume %.

In other embodiments of the present invention, by at about 1.5lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.024g/cc), bending strength under 5% strain (measuring according to ASTM C-203) is 20psi at least, in some cases 25psi and 30psi at least at least in other cases; At about 1.75lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.028g/cc), 30psi at least, in some cases, 35psi and in other cases, 40psi at least at least; At about 2lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.032g/cc), 40psi at least, in some cases, 45psi and 50psi at least at least in other cases; With at about 2.25lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.036g/cc), 60psi at least, in some cases at least 65psi and in other cases at least the material of 70psi prepare foam core described herein.

In the embodiment that the present invention adds, by at about 1.5lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.024g/cc), pulling strengrth (according to ASTM D-3575-T test) is 25psi at least, in some cases 30psi and 35psi at least at least in other cases; At about 1.75lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.028g/cc), 40psi at least, 45psi and 50psi at least at least in other cases in some cases; At about 2lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.032g/cc), 55psi at least, in some cases, 60psi and 65psi at least at least in other cases; With at about 2.25lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.036g/cc), 75psi at least, 80psi at least in some cases, the material of 85psi prepares foam core described herein at least in other cases.

In additional embodiment of the present invention, by at about 1.2lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.019g/cc), foam peel strength (according to ASTM D-3575-G test) is 5lb/in at least, in some cases 5.5lb/in and 6lb/in at least at least in other cases; At about 1.5lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.024g/cc), at least 9,10lb/in and 11lb/in at least at least in other cases in some cases; At about 1.75lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.028g/cc), 12lb/in at least, 13lb/in and 14lb/in at least at least in other cases in some cases; At about 2lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.032g/cc), 15lb/in at least, 17lb/in and 18lb/in at least at least in other cases in some cases; With at about 2.25lb/ft ³Under the molding density (0.036g/cc), 19lb/in at least, in some cases at least 20lb/in and in other cases at least the material of 22lb/in prepare foam core described herein.

Advantageously, compare with the polystyrene foam core that foams in the prior art, foam core described herein has improved water repellency, because their absorb much smaller moisture and therefore when being exposed under water, do not absorb non-required weight.

In addition, compare with the polyethylene of the foaming of equal densities or the polypropylene foam core of foaming, foam core described herein has higher draw tensile strength, and result's foam core of the present invention in use may not rupture so.

In case prepared foam core, then applied the upper strata of at least a portion upper face that covers foam core and the lower floor of at least a portion lower surface that covers foam core.

In embodiments of the invention, upper strata overplate and lower floor's overplate comprise fiber mat or fabric.Mat or fabric can be conventional and contain fiber such as glass fibre, aramid fibre, polyamide fibre, carbon fiber, silicon carbide fibre, composition fiber, metal fibre, glass fibre and bond thereof, and contain the fabric of above-mentioned fiber and contain the fabric of the bond of above-mentioned fiber.

When prefabricated foam core had one deck of applying as upper strata overplate and/or lower floor's cover sheet form or more multi-layered fibrage, upper face and/or the lower surface place in foam core was poured on the fiber mat with laminated resin.Can allow laminated resin to solidify then and sclerosis, thereby the fibrage fixedly in upper strata overplate and/or the lower floor's overplate is on foam core.

In embodiments of the invention, after the applied layer pressurizing resin, in the lower mould part of moulding press, insert foam core or the material base of so handling, wherein in described moulding press, keep fibrage and laminated resin by vacuum, and the closed mold press.The pressure of moulding press causes that laminated resin is distributed in the space between foam core and the fibrage fully, and solidify to form airtight fibre-reinforced shell, and described fiber reinforcement shell closely is connected with foam core.Curing schedule at least about 5 minutes can take place under at least about 80 ℃ molding tool temperature.

After solidifying, can repair the outstanding film edge of lamination foam core.Afterwards, optionally seal cut surface.

Make the saturated employed laminated resin of fibrage resin system-catalytic component system typically, it comprises resin system, curing catalysts and filler material randomly.

In embodiments of the invention, laminated resin can be the polyurethane formulations that contains polyol component and isocyanate component; Comprise the component and the reactive component that contain epoxy radicals, for example the epoxy formulations of polyol component; The curable polyester formulation that contains unsaturated polyester resin component and peroxide component; The non-limiting example of suitable peroxide comprises methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, hydroperoxides, benzoyl peroxide, lauroyl peroxide, t-butyl perbenzoate, crosses the valeric acid tert-butyl ester, di-t-butyl peroxide, tert-butyl peroxide cumyl, dicumyl peroxide, α, α-two (t-butylperoxy)-to diisopropyl benzene, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-two (t-butylperoxy)-hexane-3,2,5-dimethyl-2,5-two (benzoyl peroxide base)-hexane and the tert-butyl group-peroxy isopropyl base-carbonic ester; The compound of repefral and ester plasticiser and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide second component; The acrylic compounds unsaturated polyester resin, for example U.S. Patent No. 5395866 is disclosed; Epoxy-vinylester resin, for example U.S. Patent No. 4595734 is disclosed; And bond.United States Patent(USP) Nos. 5395866 and 4595734 relevant portion at this by with reference to introducing.

In embodiments of the invention, the laminated resin system comprises curable unsaturated polyester resin and co-curable unsaturated monomer randomly.

Curable unsaturated polyester resin is known in the art, and usually on infinite meaning, prepares by making one or more of unsaturated dicarboxylics or its reactive derivatives and one or more of aliphatic series or alicyclic diol esterification or ester exchange.Saturated dicarboxylic acid, aromatic dicarboxylic acid or its reactive derivatives can be used in combination with unsaturated dicarboxylic, to reduce crosslink density.Curable alkide resin is commercially available and as non-limiting example, discloses their example in United States Patent(USP) Nos. 3969560,4172059,4491642,4626570 and 6226958, at this by with reference to being introduced into.

Curable unsaturated polyester resin can be the alkide resin of high response.The non-limiting example of suitable high response alkide resin includes, but not limited to the alkide resin of the bicyclopentadiene modification (DCPD) of the alkide resin of isophthalic acid of alkide resin, high response of the phthalic acid of high response and high response.The special non-limiting example of the alkide resin of curable unsaturated high response is the propylene glycol-maleate alkide resin of bicyclopentadiene modification.

Co-curable unsaturated monomer also is well-known in the art, and as non-limiting example, comprises various alkyl acrylate and alkyl methacrylate, and vinyltoluene, AMS, p-methylstyrene and styrene.Term " co-curing " refers under cure condition, monomer contain can with self and/or with curable polyester on the reactive degree of unsaturation of unsaturated site reaction.Extra co-curable monomer is identical with above-mentioned patent.The non-limiting example of co-curable monomer is styrene.

The non-limiting example of suitable laminated resin comprises available from InterplasticCorporation, Saint Paul, the SILMAR of MN

And CoREZYN

, available from CromptonCorporation, Middlebury, the HI-POINT resin of CT, and alkide resin, non-limiting example is available from Technologies, Inc., Bloomington, the PolyesterResin 30P-105 of CA.

The suitable fibrage fabric that can use in the present invention includes, but not limited to the fiber of above-described following form: plain weave, thickness are the cloth of 14mil; Plain weave, thickness are the cloth of 11mil; Plain weave, thickness are the cloth of 10mil; Plain weave, thickness are the cloth of 8mil; Plain weave, thickness are the cloth of 5.5mil; Four pages of satin weaves, thickness are the cloth of 3.5mil; 2/2 twill, thickness are the cloth of 9.3mil; The improvement plain weave, thickness is the cloth of 7.7mil; Eight pages of satin weaves, thickness are the cloth of 8mil; Eight pages of satin weaves, thickness are the cloth of 9mil; Layer with the bond of these fabrics.

Use the maneuvering board of foam core of the present invention or material base and building method to provide to have the plate of " flexure mems " fast, namely when being out of shape, plate " resilience " is very rapidly got back to the ability of its original shape.When surfing, flexure mems can provide for example improved acceleration and when in the snowfield snowboarding, provide improved Turning radius and acceleration.Therefore, flexure mems is the desired characteristics that proof is difficult to realize in the maneuvering board of prior art.

(Portland ME), estimates maneuvering board constructed according to the invention for Emerson Apparatus Company, Inc. can to use Emerson 8510 compression testers according to the requirement of ASTM D642 and TAPPI T804 equipment and technology specification design.In these are estimated, use in alpine skiing with employed anchor clamps type in the testing program, at the three point bending test described in the ASTM standard 780-93a, the plate of program controlled be set in 0.5 inch (1.27cm)/minute speed under.

In this evaluation, maneuvering board passes through the rod iron support of the free-floating of diameter 1.5`` near each end, use the laminar structure that contains rubber applying (compliance) anchor clamps (long 19 inches * wide 1.5 inches) with box lunch, when it departs from the top, on the pedestal of plate, do not apply any friction, wherein said applying anchor clamps are deferred to the profile on maneuvering board deck, in order to apply the power of equivalent at its Width.

The bias that maneuvering board of the present invention can tolerate under the situation that does not have fracture is greater than observed bias when comparing with the maneuvering board of prior art.

In addition, under the unexpected damage of the maneuvering board of prior art no longer can the situation of holding load, maneuvering board constructed according to the invention even after damaging, can also continue holding load.In other words, under the situation of the maneuvering board of prior art fracture, maneuvering board constructed according to the invention is enough big with bending and toughness, in order to keep the certain structure integraty.

The embodiment of maneuvering board of the present invention is the surfing shown in Fig. 1-4.Surfing 10 has the above-described foam core element 12 and 14 that is separated by longeron (stringer) 16, and wherein foam core element 12 and 14 is positioned on each side of longeron 16.Longeron 16 can be by the bond manufacturing of timber, carbon/graphite reinforcing material, composite material, metal and/or these materials.

In preparation process, can be bent downwardly longeron 16 in its whole length with slight curvature, 20 form wobble shape from fore 18 to stern.Can at first form from the approximate centre to the end, have K/UP, and with respect to stern 20, the longeron 16 that in half fore 18 of longeron 16, has thicker relatively structure.Half stern 20 of longeron 16 roughly is straight in this manufacturing step.Can further be bent downwardly longeron 16 then under pressure, its longeron curve form will be created in 20 its length of stern half interior downward slight curvature approximately, to finish whole wobble shape.Compare with fore 18 1 ends, stern 20 1 ends are with thinner curve form bending relatively.

Therefore, generation vertically has the stern 20 that top 22 is recessed into the curved shape that protrudes with bottom 23.In addition, then longeron 16 under energy, be under stress or the resilience state and tend to return to initial straight shape.Therefore, any power of tending to K/UP stern 20 1 ends must work to this screen resilience, thereby provides solid counter-bending power and the brute force that returns to original shape in the direction that makes progress.Unique distinction of the present invention is the screen resilience that adds by the foam core supply, and it plays and recovers surfing to the effect of its original shape.

Upper strata overplate 24 and the lower floor's overplate 26 described more fully more than the bonding cover foam core element 12 and 14 and longeron 16, form the skin 28 of surfing 10.Outer 28 comprise two components, have laminated resin and the above-described fabric of the optional filler that adds.

The fin 30 that can near the bottom 23 afterbody 20 connects gallows timber (framed), metal or fibre-reinforced epoxy resin framework.

Use foam core element 12 of the present invention and 14 to provide flexible enhancing structure surfing 10 that part of with respect to fore 18 and stern 20.It and longeron 16 will be in conjunction with providing crooked at the centre portion of surfing 10, and this bending is the torsion around longeron 16.In addition, foam core element 12 and 14 density can be higher than fore 18 and stern 20 ends, and the zone between being lower than, and provide crooked with the further centre portion at surfing 10.In other words, when under pressure, perhaps when in water, under the bending force when in surfing, using, more many foam core elements 12 and 14 allow fore 18 and stern 20 parts to tend to reverse around longeron 16, and fore 18 and stern 20 parts tend to keep rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the deflection degree difference of surfing 10, can by change upper strata overplate 24 and lower floor's overplate 26 separately thickness and/or form the stiffness that changes them.As non-limiting example, fore 18 zones are hard relatively, and stern 20 zones are hard relatively, and the zone between them can have flexible relatively.

This design will provide extra surfing or coasting speed, this be because stern 20 in water due to resilience and twisting action or the fast speed flexure mems.This feature will provide stability and turn to easily, and this is because due to the fore 18 and stern 20 ends of the relative rigidity of the flexible relatively and shape between flexure region and surfing 10.

Embodiment utilization shown in Figure 4 directly is molded as its net shape or almost is molded as net shape and cuts into the foam core element 12 and 14 of two halves.As mentioned above, directly the moulded foam core becomes its net shape to be convenient to form the top layer at core element, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.Fig. 5 shows one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the moulded foam core element cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, upper strata overplate 24 and lower floor's overplate 26 be fixed to core element 12 and 14 and longeron 16 on before, with aquaseal coating 32 coating foam core elements 12 and 14 and the outside face of longeron 16 randomly.

An embodiment of maneuvering board of the present invention is the surfing shown in Fig. 6-9.Surfing 110 has the parabolic type longeron 116 that above-described foam core 112 links to each other with outer periphery with foam core 112.Parabolic type longeron 116 can be by timber, carbon/graphite reinforcing material, composite material or metal manufacturing.

In embodiments of the invention, parabolic type longeron 116 can divide two element manufacturings, wherein constructs described two elements, so that the end of each element is accepted and/or be fixed to each other to go up.As non-limiting example, on the bow 118 and stern 120 places, the end of each element of parabolic type longeron 116 can be connected to each other.

In manufacturing process, can on its whole length direction, be bent downwardly parabolic type longeron 116 with slight curvature, perhaps its independent element, 120 form wobble shapes from fore 118 to stern.Can at first form from the approximate centre to the end, have K/UP, and with respect to stern 120, the parabolic type longeron 116 that in half fore 118 of longeron 116, has thicker relatively structure.Half stern 120 or its element of parabolic type longeron 116 is straight basically in this manufacturing step.Can further be bent downwardly parabolic type longeron 116 or its element then under pressure, its longeron curve form will be created in 120 its length of stern half interior downward slight curvature approximately, to finish whole wobble shape.Compare with fore 118 1 ends, stern 120 1 ends are with thinner curve form bending relatively.

Therefore, produce the stern 120 vertically have the recessed and bottom 123 convexly curved shapes in top 122.In addition, then parabolic type longeron 116 under energy, be under stress or the resilience state and tend to return to initial straight shape.Therefore, any power of tending to K/UP stern 120 1 ends must work to this screen resilience, thereby provides solid counter-bending power and the brute force that returns to original shape in the direction that makes progress.Unique distinction of the present invention is the screen resilience that adds by foam core 112 supplies, and it plays and recovers surfing to the effect of its original shape.

Upper strata overplate 124 and the lower floor's overplate 126 described more fully more than the bonding cover foams 112 and parabolic type longeron 116, form the skin 128 of surfing 110.Outer 128 comprise two components, have laminated resin and the above-described fabric of the optional filler that adds.

The fin 130 that can near the bottom 123 afterbody 120 connects wood frame, metal or fibre-reinforced epoxy resin framework.

In embodiments of the invention, the cross section of parabolic type longeron 116 or its element can have recessed inside face 114 as shown in Figure 9, perhaps has to be approximately perpendicular to top 122 and bottom 123 or straight inside face 114 as shown in figure 10.

Use foam core 112 of the present invention to provide flexible enhancing structure surfing 110 that part of with respect to fore 118 and stern 120.It and parabolic type longeron 116 will be in conjunction with providing crooked at the centre portion of surfing 110, and this bending is the distortion around parabolic type longeron 116.In addition, the density of foam core 112 can be higher than fore 118 and stern 120 ends, and the zone between being lower than, further to provide crooked at the centre portion of surfing 110.In other words, when under pressure, perhaps when in water, under the bending force when in surfing, using, more many foam core 112 allow fore 118 and stern 120 parts tendency to reverse with respect to parabolic type longeron 116, fore 118 and stern 120 parts tend to keep rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the curvature difference of surfing 110, can by change upper strata overplate 124 and lower floor's overplate 126 separately thickness and/or form the stiffness that changes them.As non-limiting example, fore 118 zones are hard relatively, and stern 120 zones are hard relatively, and the zone between them can have flexible relatively.

This design will provide extra surfing or coasting speed, this be because stern 120 in water due to resilience and twisting action or the fast speed flexure mems.This feature will provide stability and turn to easily, and this is because due to the fore 118 and stern 120 ends of the relative rigidity of the flexible relatively and shape between flexure region and surfing 110.Foam core of the present invention and design permission surfer had both made in the most surging wave and also can walk with surfboard of the present invention.

Embodiment utilization shown in Figure 9 directly is molded as its net shape or almost is molded as the foam core 112 of net shape and when moulded foam core 112, parabolic type longeron 116 or be fixed to the upper or place in the mould.As mentioned above, directly 112 one-tenth its net shapes of moulded foam core are convenient to form the top layer in foam core, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.Figure 10 shows one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the moulded foam core cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, before upper strata overplate 124 and lower floor's overplate 126 are fixed on foam core 112 and the longeron 116, with aquaseal coating 132 coating foam core 112 and the outside face of longeron 116 randomly.

In embodiments of the invention, above-described surfing comprises elongated, the water-fast or fluid-tight foam core with upper face and lower surface, and it contains the interpenetrating networks of the poly-mer of one or more of polyolefin and one or more of vi-ny l aromatic monomers; Cover the upper strata of at least a portion upper face; With the lower floor that covers at least a portion lower surface, wherein foam core is by at 1.5-2.5lb/ft ³Density under, water absorption rate (measuring according to ASTM C-272) is less than the foam-body material manufacturing of 2 volume %,

Can provide the surfing of the present invention of any appropriate length, for example big rifle (gun) (9 feet or longer), long slab (the 8-10 foot is long) or short slab (less than 8 feet) length.When surfing upwards, surfing of the present invention provides rider to take off in quasimoto or other positions and skims over the vortex ability of most of mondo, cruncher or pounder wave and easily walk plate or preformed fringe (shred), cracking (ripping), racing direction (cutback), to cut off (cut out), come off and/or reenter (reentry) mobile.The most important thing is, when using surfing of the present invention, fop (dude) or ragazza (dudette) can be caught wave, locking and by pipeline (tubed), (screaming) " banzai ", " cowabunga " or other the suitable admirations language of screaming is simultaneously enjoyed good fully billow (gnarlatious) simultaneously and is ridden.

Figure 11 shows to support the saddle 210 that rider is constructed in water, and it has elongated shape usually, and described shape will be determined longitudinal axis A, bow end 212 and aft end 214.Above-described elongate foam core 216 will provide the main body of saddle 210 and foam core 216 by upper strata 218 and lower floor 220, and the side facing 222 and 226 that all is bonded on the above-described core 216 surrounds.

Upper strata 218, lower floor 220 and side facing 222 and 226 described more fully more than the bonding are with covering foam core 216 and form the skin 228 of saddle 210.Outer 228 comprise two components: laminated resin and above-described fabric with the filler that randomly adds.

Use foam core 216 of the present invention to provide flexible enhancing structure saddle 210 that part of with respect to fore 212 and stern 214.It and upper strata 218, lower floor 220 and side facing 222 and 226 will be in conjunction with providing crooked at the centre portion of saddle 210, and this bending is the torsion around longitudinal axis A.In addition, the density of foam core 216 can be higher than fore 212 and stern 214 ends, and the zone between being lower than, further to provide crooked at the centre portion of saddle 210.In other words, when under pressure, perhaps when in water, under the bending force when in riding wave, using, more many foam core 216 allow fore 212 and stern 214 parts tendency to reverse with respect to longitudinal axis A, and fore 212 and stern 214 parts tend to keep rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the deflection degree difference of saddle 210, can be by changing upper strata 218, lower floor 220 and side facing 222 and 226 thickness and/or the composition stiffness that changes them separately.As non-limiting example, fore 212 zones are hard relatively, and stern 214 zones are hard relatively, can have flexible relatively with side facing 222 and 226.

This design provides extra coasting speed, this be because stern 214 in water due to resilience and twisting action or the fast speed flexure mems.This feature will provide stability and turn to easily.Foam core of the present invention and design allow the surfer to use surfing of the present invention even pass through in the wave of the most surging (gnarly).

Embodiment utilization shown in Figure 13 directly is molded as its net shape or almost is molded as the foam core 216 of net shape.As mentioned above, directly 216 one-tenth its net shapes of moulded foam core are convenient to form the top layer in foam core, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.Figure 14 shows one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the moulded foam core cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, before upper strata 218, lower floor 220 and side facing 222 and 226 are fixed on the foam core 216, with the outside face of aquaseal coating 230 coating foam core 216.

Saddle of the present invention does not twist because of crooked and tersional stress, and by replying that rider is operated the rudder, provides easily to complete successfully manipulation.External force is not tended to twist saddle of the present invention, thereby makes the rider ratio be easier to guide plate again.Therefore, in saddle of the present invention, provide stiffness sufficient and that arrange suitably.In addition, sufficient bending also is provided in saddle of the present invention, thereby allows rider upwards to draw fore, above the plane, main deck place of saddle, twist it, below the water surface, fore forces to keep under the downward dynamic regime fore and angle of lead to avoid therein.Therefore, can in saddle of the present invention, easily be provided for the alerting ability of " power steering " accelerated and the intensity in middle and the stern part.

Figure 15 shows the aquaplane 310 of constructing for the rider of supporting the standing place, and by the ship-dragging of on the water mechanization, this aquaplane 310 has the common elongated shape of definite longitudinal axis A, bow end 312 and aft end 314 to described rider simultaneously.Above-described elongated foam core 316 provides the main body of aquaplane 10 and foam core 316 all to be bonded to upper strata 318 on the above-described core 316 and lower floor 320 and side facing 322 and 326 and surrounds.

Upper strata 318 and lower floor 320 and side facing 322 and 326 described more fully more than the bonding cover foam core 316 and form the skin 328 of aquaplane 310.Outer 328 comprise two components, have laminated resin and the above-described fabric of the filler that randomly adds.

Forward foot in a step cushion block (insert) 332 and rear foot cushion block 334 can be fixed on the bow hold 312 and aft end 314 between the top 321 of approximate mid-section, perhaps optionally regulate.When rider used two aquaplanes 310, each slide plate had forward foot in a step cushion block 332 and rear foot cushion block 334, and water skier (skier) can insert pin in each cushion block and water skiing easily.When wishing slalom, second pin clamper 336 can be fixed to the top 321 between rear foot cushion block 334 and the stern 314.Forward foot in a step cushion block 332, rear foot cushion block 334 and second pin clamper 336 can and be fixed on the top 321 by common elastomeric material structure, and this is known in the art.

The fin 333 of wood frame or fibre-reinforced epoxy resin framework can be fixed near the afterbody 120 the bottom 323.

Use foam core 316 of the present invention will with respect to fore 312 and stern 314 on the water slide plate 310 that part of flexible enhancing structure is provided.The centre portion of slide plate 310 provides crooked in conjunction with inciting somebody to action on the water for it and upper strata 318, lower floor 320 and side facing 322 and 326, and this bending is the distortion around longitudinal axis A.In addition, the density of foam core 316 can be higher than fore 312 and stern 314 ends, and the zone between being lower than, with further on the water the centre portion of slide plate 310 provide crooked.In other words, when under pressure, under the bending force when perhaps using in sliding on the water, more many foam core 316 allow fore 312 and stern 314 parts tendency to reverse with respect to longitudinal axis A, fore 312 and stern 314 parts tend to keep rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the deflection degree difference of aquaplane 310, can be by changing upper strata 318, lower floor 320 and side facing 322 and 326 thickness and/or the composition stiffness that changes them separately.As non-limiting example, fore 312 zones are hard relatively, and stern 314 zones are hard relatively, can have flexible relatively with side facing 322 and 326.

This design provides extra coasting speed, this be because stern 314 in water due to resilience and twisting action or the fast speed flexure mems.This feature will provide stability and turn to easily.

Embodiment utilization shown in Figure 17 directly is molded as its net shape or almost is molded as the foam core 316 of net shape.As mentioned above, directly 316 one-tenth its net shapes of moulded foam core are convenient to form the top layer in foam core, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.Figure 18 shows one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the moulded foam core cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, before upper strata 318, lower floor 320 and side facing 322 and 326 are fixed on the foam core 316, with the outside face of aquaseal coating 330 coating foam core 316.

Figure 19 and 20 shows skis assembly 410, and it comprises that a pair of running-on (binding) 414 is installed to the skis 412 on the top side 416 of skis 412.Running-on 414 can be installed on the skis 412 of core easily.

Figure 21 is the section of the skis 412 of Figure 19 and 20.Skis 412 comprises the foam core 418 of being surrounded fully by top layer 420, and described foam core comprises upper strata 422, lower floor 424 and side facing 426 and 428.The top layer of describing more fully more than the bonding 420 comprises two components to cover foam core 418 and this top layer 420: laminated resin and above-described fabric with the filler that randomly adds.

The density of foam core 418 can be along the length variations of skis 412.As an example, compare with centre portion 436, the density of foam core 412 can be lower at tip portion 430 and afterbody 432 places.

The skis assembly 410 of structure has the inertial mass square of decline at present, is also referred to as swing weight (swing weight), keeps the required shearing strength value of skis and compression strength simultaneously.The swing weight that descends allows the user of skis to be more prone to carry out many manipulations, particularly turns to.

In embodiments of the invention, the shearing strength value of the foam core 418 between top surface 416 and lower surface 417 and pulverizing (compression) intensity are high enough to the swing weight that provides required.

In embodiments of the invention, the density of foam core 418 is not more than about 33% of centre portion 436 place's foam core 418 density.

Use foam core 418 of the present invention to provide flexible enhancing structure skis 412 that part of with respect to tip portion 430 and stern part 432.It and upper strata 422, lower floor 424 and side facing 426 and 428 are in conjunction with providing crooked at the centre portion of skis 412, and this bending may be the distortion around longitudinal axis A.As non-limiting example, when under pressure, perhaps under the bending force when in skiing, using, more many foam core 418 will allow tip portion 430 and stern part 432 to reverse with respect to longitudinal axis A, tip portion 430 and stern part 432 tend to keep rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the deflection degree difference of skis 412, can be by changing upper strata 422, lower floor 424 and side facing 426 and 428 thickness and/or the composition stiffness that changes them separately.

This design provides stability and turns to easily.

Embodiment utilization shown in Figure 21 directly is molded as its net shape or almost is molded as the foam core 418 of net shape.As mentioned above, directly 418 one-tenth its net shapes of moulded foam core are convenient to form the top layer in foam core, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.Figure 22 shows one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the moulded foam core 418, cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, before upper strata 422, lower floor 424 and side facing 426 and 428 are fixed on the foam core 418, with the outside face of aquaseal coating 440 coating foam core 418.

Figure 23 and 24 shows snowfield slide plate 500 of the present invention, and it has previous section 510, centre portion 508 and aft section 512.This slide plate has the running-on that contains first 514 and second portion 516, and the toe piece (toepiece) of wherein said first 514 plans and ski boots works and described second portion 516 is intended working with the heel one of this boots.

Figure 25 is the section of the snowfield slide plate 500 of Figure 23 and 24.Snowfield slide plate 500 comprises upper strata 523, lower floor 524 and side facing 526 and 528 foam core 520 of surrounding fully.The top layer of describing more fully more than the bonding 522, with covering foam core 520, and top layer 522 comprises two kinds of components: laminated resin and above-described fabric with filler of optional interpolation.

The density of foam core 520 can be along the length variations of snowfield slide plate 500.As an example, compare with centre portion 508, the density of foam core 520 part 510 and aft section 512 places in front can be lower.

Use foam core 520 of the present invention to provide flexible enhancing structure snowfield slide plate 500 that part of with respect to previous section 510 and aft section 512.It and upper strata 523, lower floor 524 and side facing 526 and 528 are in conjunction with providing crooked at the centre portion of snowfield slide plate 500.As non-limiting example, when under pressure, perhaps under the bending force when using in snowfield slide plate 500, more many foam core 520 allow previous section 510 and aft section 512 to depart from, previous section 510 and aft section 512 tend to keep rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the deflection degree difference of snowfield slide plate 500, can be by changing upper strata 523, lower floor 524 and side facing 526 and 528 thickness and/or the composition stiffness that changes them separately.

This design provides stability and turns to easily.

Embodiment utilization shown in Figure 25 directly is molded as its net shape or almost is molded as the foam core 520 of net shape.As mentioned above, directly 520 one-tenth its net shapes of moulded foam core are convenient to form the top layer in foam core, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.Figure 26 shows one embodiment of the invention, and wherein the moulded foam core 520, cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, before upper strata 523, lower floor 524 and side facing 526 and 528 are fixed on the foam core 520, with the outside face of aquaseal coating 540 coating foam core 520.

Figure 27-30 has usually described according to carriage of the present invention, or sled.Sled 600 typically is included in any smooth enough surface, for example avenges, ice, meadow, metal or the slip waterborne of sliding on the water and the elongated member 602 of constructing.Usually cover this surface with snow or ice, and this surface has downward slope.

Shown in Figure 27-29, elongated member 602 comprises base portion 604 and the traction end part 606 on smooth or plane basically.In use, rider is sitting in or kneels on base portion 604.Base portion 604 can be included in after the traction end part 606 and one or more handle 608 before tail edge 610.Traction end part 606 have link to each other with the front end of base portion 604 or with it continuously and the location to the inner.Traction end part 606 typically stretches out and has upwards shape from base portion 604, when moving forward with convenient sled 600, avoids piercing in the slidingsurface.

Tail edge 610 can be straight, can have the curved surface of protrusion, perhaps can have the curved surface of two or more protrusions, and this is called as the bat tail in the art.

Figure 30 is the section of elongated member 602 place's sleds 600.Sled 600 comprises the foam core 620 of being surrounded fully by top layer 622, and described foam core 620 comprises upper strata 623, lower floor 624 and side facing 626 and 628.The top layer of describing more fully more than the bonding 622, with covering foam core 620, and top layer 622 comprises two kinds of components: laminated resin and above-described fabric with filler of optional interpolation.

The density of foam core 620 can be along the length variations of sled 600.As an example, compare with base portion 604, the density of foam core 620 can be lower at traction end part 606 places.

Use foam core 620 of the present invention to provide flexible enhancing structure sled 600 that part of with respect to traction end part 606 and base portion 604.It and upper strata 623, lower floor 624 and side facing 626 and 628 are in conjunction with providing sled 600 bendings.As non-limiting example, when under pressure, perhaps under the bending force when using in sled 600, more many foam core 620 allow traction end part 606 to depart from, and base portion 604 keeps rigidity simultaneously, and then the gained screen resilience is more big.Randomly, in order to make the deflection degree difference of sled 600, can be by changing upper strata 623, lower floor 624 and side facing 626 and 628 thickness and/or the composition stiffness that changes them separately.

This design provides stability and turns to easily.

In Figure 25, foam core 620 directly can be molded as its net shape, perhaps almost be molded as net shape.As mentioned above, directly 620 one-tenth its net shapes of moulded foam core are convenient to form the top layer in foam core, and described top layer will not destroyed by laminated resin.In one embodiment of the invention, mouldable foam core 620 cuts into its net shape then.In this embodiment, before upper strata 623, lower floor 624 and side facing 626 and 628 are fixed on the foam core 620, with the outside face of aquaseal coating 640 coating foam core 620.

One or more handle 608 can be fixed on the sled 600 for rider grasping in use.Usually sled 600 has a pair of handle 608 at the opposite side of sled 600.

As mentioned above, comprise that the material base of foamable polymeric matrix of above-described foaming and molding or foam core element are the key components in the maneuvering board of the present invention.In various embodiments of the present invention, can especially use material base or foam core component fabrication surfing.

Figure 31 and 32 shows specific indefiniteness material base or the foam core element embodiment that surfing according to the present invention is used.Material base 700 comprises front end 702, tail end 704, swing part 706 and extends to the longeron 708 of tail end 704 from front end 702.

Front end 702 usually straight, perpendicular to longeron 708 and centered by it.Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, front end 702 can have at least about 2 inches, in some cases at least about 2.5 inches, in other cases at least about 3 inches width 710, with this width can be about 6 inches at most, about at most 5 inches and maximum about 4 inches in other cases in some cases.Width 710 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Tail end 704 usually straight, perpendicular to longeron 708 and centered by it.Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, tail end 704 can have at least about 3 inches, in some cases at least about 4 inches, in other cases at least about 5 inches width 712, with this width can be about 12 inches at most, about at most 10 inches and maximum about 9 inches in other cases in some cases.Width 712 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, material base 700 can have at least about 4 feet, in some cases at least about 5 feet, in other cases at least about 6 feet 712 length measured 714 from front end 710 to tail end, with this length can be maximum 10 feet, about at most 9 feet and maximum about 8 feet in other cases in some cases.Length 714 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Swing part 706 common lower surface K/UPs from material base 700 in the material base 700.Swing part 706 constitutes the part of material base 700 near front end 702, and available this a part of length 714 K/UPs formation swing part 706 characterizes.The size of swing part 708 changes with the purposes of being planned by the surfing of material base preparation and required performance characteristic.Typically, swing part 706 can comprise (lead) 10% of head at least of length 714, in some cases at least 15% of length 714, in other cases, at least 20% of length 714, and can be the bull 50% of length 714, in some cases, the bull 40% of length 714, the bull 30% of length 714 in other cases.Swing part 706 in the material base 700 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

The feature of the swing part 706 in the material base 700 can be to break away from the upward curvature size (departing from (deflection) 718) of the lower surface of material base 700.Depart from the vertical distance of 718 representatives from the lower surface of material base 700 to the plane, place of front end 702.Departing from 718 length in swing part 708 changes with the purposes of being planned by the surfing of material base 700 preparations and required performance characteristic.Departing from 718 can be at least about 3 inches, in some cases at least about 4 inches with in other cases at least about 4.5 inches, and can be at most about 10 inches and in some cases at least about 8 inches with in other cases at least about 6 inches.Depart from 718 length and can be any numerical value or scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Longeron 708 extends to the front end 702 of material base 700 and between the first 720 and second portion 722 of material base 700 from tail end 704.Longeron 708 is usually corresponding to the shape of material base 700 and curvature and especially shape and the curvature of swing part 706.

In aspect this embodiment many, size, shape, weight and the yardstick of first 720 and second portion 722 are roughly the same.As mentioned above, longeron 708 can be by the bond manufacturing of timber, carbon/graphite reinforcing material, composite material, metal and/or these materials.The slab of the molding by cutting foamable polymeric matrix becomes two parts, first 720 and first 722, fixedly first 720 and second portion 722 can be incorporated into longeron 708 in the material base 700 to the opposite side of longeron 708 to use suitable bonding subsequently.Perhaps, can place inflation port by longeron 718, then as mentioned above, be placed in the mould for molding material base 700.In molding/bead expansion process process, the pre-dilator of foamable polymeric matrix expands and merges, and especially expands by inflation port, with a slice material base, longeron 708 and the second portion 722 that first 720 is provided.

Select width and the composition of longeron 708, required stiffness to be provided, to reply and flexible combination.Just because of this, width with the longeron of measuring apart from form 708 between first 720 and the second portion 722 can be at least about 0.1 inch, in some cases at least about 0.2 inch with in other cases at least about 0.25 inch, and it can be about 2 inches at most, about at most 1.5 inches and maximum about 1 inch in other cases in some cases.The width of longeron 708 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Figure 33 and 34 shows extra specific indefiniteness material base or the foam core element embodiment that surfing according to the present invention is used.Material base 750 comprises front end 752, tail end 754, swing part 756 and extends to the longeron 758 of tail end 754 from front end 752.

Front end 752 usually straight, perpendicular to longeron 758 and centered by it, and bend towards in the side of material base 750.Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, front end 752 can have at least about 1 inch, in some cases at least about 1.5 inches, in other cases at least about 2 inches width 760, with this width can be about 5 inches at most, about at most 4.5 inches and maximum about 4 inches in other cases in some cases.Width 760 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Tail end 754 usually straight, perpendicular to longeron 758 and centered by it, and bend towards in the side of material base 750.Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, tail end 754 can have at least about 4 inches, in some cases at least about 5 inches, in other cases at least about 6 inches width 762, with this width can be about 14 inches at most, about at most 12 inches and maximum about 11 inches in other cases in some cases.Width 762 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, material base 750 can have at least about 4 feet, in some cases at least about 5 feet, in other cases at least about 6 feet 754 length measured 764 from front end 752 to tail end, with this length can be maximum 10 feet, about at most 9 feet and maximum about 8 feet in other cases in some cases.Length 764 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Swing part 756 common lower surface K/UPs from material base 750 in the material base 750.Swing part 756 constitutes the part of material base 750 near front end 752, and available this a part of length 764 K/UPs formation swing part 756 characterizes.The size of swing part 758 changes with the purposes of being planned by the surfing of material base 750 preparations and required performance characteristic.Typically, swing part 756 can comprise at least 10% of length 764, in some cases at least 12.5% of length 764, in other cases, at least 15% of length 764, and can be the bull 40% of length 764, in some cases, the bull 30% of length 764, the bull 25% of length 764 in other cases.Swing part 756 in the material base 750 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

The feature of the swing part 756 in the material base 750 can be to break away from the upward curvature size (departing from (deflection) 768) of the lower surface of material base 750.Depart from the vertical distance of 768 representatives from the lower surface of material base 750 to the plane, place of front end 752.Departing from 768 length in swing part 758 changes with the purposes of being planned by the surfing of material base 750 preparations and required performance characteristic.Departing from 768 can be at least about 2 inches, in some cases at least about 2.5 inches with in other cases at least about 3 inches, and can be at most about 8 inches and in some cases at least about 7 inches with in other cases at least about 6 inches.Depart from 768 length and can be any numerical value or scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Longeron 758 extends to the front end 752 of material base 750 and between the first 770 and second portion 772 of material base 750 from tail end 754.Longeron 758 is usually corresponding to the shape of material base 750 and curvature and especially shape and the curvature of swing part 756.

In aspect this embodiment many, size, shape, weight and the yardstick of first 770 and second portion 772 are roughly the same.

Use is with respect to the method described in the material base 700, can make longeron 758 by above-described material, is similar to material base 750 on the yardstick and mixes in it.

Figure 35 and 36 shows further specific indefiniteness material base or the foam core element embodiment that surfing according to the present invention is used.Material base 800 comprises front end 802, tail end 804, swing part 806 and extends to the longeron 808 of tail end 804 from front end 802.

Front end 802 usually straight, perpendicular to longeron 808 and centered by it, and bend towards in the side of material base 800.Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, front end 802 can have at least about 3 inches, in some cases at least about 4 inches, in other cases at least about 5 inches width 810, with this width can be about 10 inches at most, about at most 9 inches and maximum about 8 inches in other cases in some cases.Width 810 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Tail end 804 usually straight, perpendicular to longeron 808 and centered by it, and bend towards in the side of material base 800.Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, tail end 804 can have at least about 4 inches, in some cases at least about 6 inches, in other cases at least about 8 inches width 812, with this width can be about 20 inches at most, about at most 18 inches and maximum about 16 inches in other cases in some cases.Width 812 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Depend on the purposes of planning and required performance characteristic, material base 800 can have at least about 4 feet, in some cases at least about 5 feet, in other cases at least about 6 feet 804 length measured 814 from front end 802 to tail end, with this length can be maximum 10 feet, about at most 9 feet and maximum about 8 feet in other cases in some cases.Length 814 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Swing part 806 common lower surface K/UPs from material base 800 in the material base 800.Swing part 806 constitutes the part of material base 800 near front end 802, and available this a part of length 814 K/UPs formation swing part 806 characterizes.The size of swing part 808 changes with the purposes of being planned by the surfing of material base 800 preparations and required performance characteristic.Typically, swing part 806 can comprise at least 10% of length 814, in some cases at least 12.5% of length 814, in other cases, at least 15% of length 814, and can be the bull 40% of length 814, in some cases, the bull 30% of length 814, the bull 25% of length 814 in other cases.Swing part 806 in the material base 800 can be any numerical value or the scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

The feature of the swing part 806 in the material base 800 can be to break away from the upward curvature size (departing from (deflection) 818) of the lower surface of material base 800.Depart from the vertical distance of 818 representatives from the lower surface of material base 800 to the plane, place of front end 802.Departing from 818 length in swing part 808 changes with the purposes of being planned by the surfing of material base 800 preparations and required performance characteristic.Departing from 818 can be at least about 2 inches, in some cases at least about 2.5 inches with in other cases at least about 3 inches, and can be at most about 9 inches and in some cases at least about 8 inches with in other cases at least about 7 inches.Depart from 818 length and can be any numerical value or scope between above any numerical value of quoting as proof.

Longeron 808 extends to the front end 802 of material base 800 and between the first 820 and second portion 822 of material base 800 from tail end 804.Longeron 808 is usually corresponding to the shape of material base 800 and curvature and especially shape and the curvature of swing part 806.

In aspect this embodiment many, size, shape, weight and the yardstick of first 820 and second portion 822 are roughly the same.

Use is with respect to the method described in the material base 700, can make longeron 808 by above-described material, is similar to material base 800 on the yardstick and mixes in it.

In embodiments of the invention, in deformability load curve, do not have to prove under the situation about departing from, can use Emerson 8510 compression verification instrument apparatus, make and use the described core of Figure 31-36 or material base surfing prepared in accordance with the present invention to depart from, described departing from is described to 0.75 inch (1.9cm), 0.79 inch (2cm) and under special situation 0.83 inch (2.1cm) in some cases.In addition, when departing from 0.87 inch (2.2cm), 0.91 inch (2.3cm) and under special situation in some cases, when 0.94 inch (2.4cm), surfing of the present invention does not destroy.After this departing from, surfing of the present invention can recover back its original shape.The composition that the particular characteristic of specified panel depends on material base or core and makes surfing polishing (glass) employed laminated resin.

In addition, even using above-described Emerson 8510 compression verification instrument apparatus, after surfing of the present invention destroys, surfing of the present invention can also be supported at least 100 pounds (45.4kg), the load of at least 150 pounds in some cases (68kg) and at least 200 pounds in other cases (91kg).The composition that the particular characteristic of specified panel depends on material base or core and makes surfing polishing (glass) employed laminated resin.

Because maneuvering board of the present invention is by the polymeric matrix manufacturing of above-described foaming, so their common weight is lighter than conventional maneuvering board, but can handle in an identical manner, and this is because the physical property of above-described foam core and maneuvering board causes.Just because of this, maneuvering board of the present invention is ideally suited in using in various motor activities.

Described various embodiments and structure herein, they are not construed as being limited in a kind of application.The various designs of one type games plate and structure can be incorporated in other type games plates, and to obtain required feature, this those skilled in the art will readily understand.

By with reference to following embodiment, further describe the present invention.Following embodiment only sets forth the present invention, rather than plans to limit the present invention.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

The excellence of the surfing of this embodiment identity basis the present invention preparation flexible.

Experimental set-up

In that (Portland tests on ME) for Emerson Apparatus Company, Inc. according to the Emerson 8510 compression verification instrument apparatus of the requirement of ASTM D642 and TAPPI T804 equipment and technology specification design.With the controlled plate of the speed setting program of 0.5 inch (1.27cm)/min.Employed anchor clamps are modification designs of the general testing program of alpine skiing, the three point bending test of a kind of ASTM standard 780-93a.

Each surfing is placed on the anchor clamps, and described anchor clamps are installed on the Emerson device that is calibrated to identical central point.The base of each surfing, is applied to without any friction on the base of plate when it departs from the top with box lunch by the rod iron support of the free-floating of diameter 1.5``.The spacing of bottom between the guardrail is 28 inches and the mensuration from the main point of compression of stern and leading end by typically finding in surfing, thereby determines selection at interval.

When measuring from 38 inches at the leading end of surfing, the external force anchor clamps on top produce downward power in the heart in surfing.Laminar structure comprises the anchor clamps (19 inches long * 1.5 inch wide) of rubber conformal, and described anchor clamps are observed the profile on surfing deck, in order to apply the power of equivalent at the width of surfing.

The sample explanation

The sample surfing is similar to those shown in Figure 31 and 32, and about 70 inches (178cm) are long.The material base of each sample of molding, and vertically cut into two halves, and with adhesives wooden longeron is fixed to each on half.Use polyester laminates, polishing (glass) material base.All the components is identical with structure, and difference is as described below, is used for the foamed materials of material base:

Sample 1:2.5lb/ft ³(40kg/m ³) polyurethane of density

Sample 2:2.5lb/ft ³(40kg/m ³) the foaming ARCEL of density 730 resins (NOVAChemicals Inc., Pittsburgh, PA).

Each surfing is placed on the experimental set-up, and reduce platen (platen), the fracture on deformability load curve shows destruction.Sample 1 shows and destroys at 0.71 inch (1.8cm) place of departing from and sample 2 destroys at 0.79 inch (2.0cm) place of departing from.

The performance of the foams of grating is the indication that forms downward trend in deformability load curve after the structural failure of each surfing.Observed compression set is far below sample 2 in the sample 1, and the foams in described sample 2 show a certain amount of potential that stores in the compression process.

These data show excellence flexible of surfing prepared in accordance with the present invention.

Embodiment 2

The excellence of the surfing of this embodiment identity basis the present invention preparation flexible.Embodiment 1 described experimental set-up also is used for this embodiment.

The sample explanation

The sample surfing be similar to Figure 31 and 32 described those, about 70 inches (178cm) are long.The material base of each sample of molding, and vertically cut into two halves, and with adhesives wooden longeron is fixed to each on half.Use the epoxy laminate body, polishing (glass) material base.All the components is identical with structure, and difference is as described below, is used for the foamed materials of material base:

Sample 3:2.5lb/ft ³(40kg/m ³) polystyrene foamed of density

Sample 4:2.5lb/ft ³(40kg/m ³) the foaming ARCEL of density

730 resins

Each surfing is placed on the experimental set-up, and reduce platen (platen), the fracture on deformability load curve shows destruction.Sample 3 shows and destroys at 0.71 inch (1.8cm) place of departing from and sample 4 destroys at 0.85 inch (2.2cm) place of departing from.

The performance of the foams of grating is the indication that forms downward trend in deformability load curve after the structural failure of each surfing.Observed compression set is far below sample 4 in the sample 3, and foams show a certain amount of potential that stores in the compression process in described sample 4.

These data show excellence flexible of surfing prepared in accordance with the present invention.

Embodiment 3

This embodiment proves that layered product is to the flexible influence of surfing constructed in accordance.Embodiment 1 described experimental set-up also is used for this embodiment.

The sample surfing be similar to Figure 31 and 32 described those, about 70 inches (178cm) are long.The material base of each sample of molding, and vertically cut into two halves, and with adhesives wooden longeron is fixed to each on half.The employed foams of material base are 2.5lb/ft ³(40kg/m ³) the foaming ARCEL of density

730 resins.All the components is identical with structure, and difference is as described below, the employed layered product resin of polishing material base:

Sample 5: the material base that uses the polishing of epoxy laminate body

Sample 6: the material base that uses the polyester laminates polishing

Each surfing is placed on the experimental set-up, and reduce departing from of platen to 1 inch (2.54cm) with the speed of 0.5 inch (1.27cm)/min.Therein the breaking-down point place on the deformability load curve to depart from load simultaneous be deviation point.Under the load of 886lb (402kg), the deviation point of sample 5 is 0.85 inch (2.2cm) and under the load of 728lb (330kg), and the deviation point of sample 6 is 0.79 inch (2.0cm).

Repeat above-mentioned test at identical plate, difference is departing from speed reduction platen to 1.5 inch (3.8cm) of 0.5 inch (1.27cm)/min.Wherein departing from load of the breaking-down point place on the deformability load curve is described to deviation point again.Under the load of 687lb (312kg), the deviation point of sample 5 is 0.99 inch (2.5cm) and under the load of 525lb (238kg), and the deviation point of sample 6 is 0.95 inch (2.4cm).Although these two surfings demonstrate deviation point, do not destroy but observe fully, with under the departing from of 1.5 inches (3.8cm), the foam material base of each surfing continues holding load, wherein sample 5 is supported the load of 510lb (231kg) and the load that sample 6 is supported 490lb (222kg).

The contrast test proof of the polyurethane surfing of employing sample 1 is destroyed fully and can't holding load under the departing from of 1.2 inches (3cm).The contrast test proof of the polystyrene foamed surfing of employing embodiment 3 is destroyed fully and can't holding load under the departing from of 1.35 inches (3.4cm).

Construction have round tip 2 inches diameter (5cm) piston and be fixed on the hard base, with supporting piston.Move on the platen on the top that these anchor clamps adopt clip to be fixed to the Emerson compression tester.The panel of test fixture drives downwards with the speed of 0.5 inch (1.27cm)/min.The base of each surfing is fixed on the single solid steel table that places mobile platen below.

The uppermost layer of sample 4 (epoxy laminate body) provides bigger durable shell, thereby proof departs from the peak hook load of following 430 pounds (190kg) at the peak value of 0.0456 inch (0.12cm).Sample 5 proofs depart from the peak hook load of following 245 pounds (111kg) at the crackle of 0.315 inch (0.8cm).

Digital proof surfing constructed in accordance toughness and durability performance and also emphasized the improved security feature of this plate because even under the condition that the surfing of prior art destroys suddenly therein, keep whole degree of safety.

Detail with reference to particular of the present invention has been described the present invention, but does not plan these details are considered as limitation of the scope of the invention, unless they are included in the appended claim.

Claims (24)

1. maneuvering board, it comprises:

(a) has elongated, the water-fast thermoplastic foam core of upper face and lower surface;

(b) upper strata of covering at least a portion upper face; With

(c) lower floor of covering at least a portion lower surface;

Wherein this foam core is prepared by foam-body material, and this foam-body material comprises the foamable polymeric matrix of the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that contains polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, and the water absorption rate that this foam core is measured according to ASTM C-272 is less than 2 volume %.

2. the maneuvering board of claim 1, wherein foam core comprises the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that contains polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, the polystyrene of modified rubber, the rubber of polystyrene modification, polyphenylene oxide, the blend of polyolefin and at least a other poly-mers, and the foamable polymeric matrix of bond and blend.

3. the maneuvering board of claim 1, wherein foam core comprises the interpenetrating networks of the poly-mer of one or more of polyolefin and one or more of vi-ny l aromatic monomers.

4. the maneuvering board of claim 1, wherein foam core comprises the molding portion with top layer that at least a portion outside face in molding portion forms.

5. the maneuvering board of claim 1 wherein applies aquaseal at least a portion outside face of foam core.

6. the maneuvering board of claim 5, wherein aquaseal is selected from vinyl-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, styrene-butadiene poly-mer, styrene-isoprene poly-mer, s-B-S block polymer, styrene-isoprene-phenylethene block polymer and hydrogenated resin thereof.

7. the maneuvering board of claim 1 is wherein at 2.25lb/ft ³Molding density under, the bending strength of foam core under 5% strain of measuring according to ASTM C-203 is 60psi at least.

8. the maneuvering board of claim 1 is wherein at 2.25lb/ft ³Molding density under, the pulling strengrth of the foam core of measuring according to ASTM D-3575-T is 75psi at least.

9. the maneuvering board of claim 1, wherein the one deck at least in the overplate of the upper and lower comprises and contains the cloth that is selected from the one or more of fibers in carbon fiber, graphite fiber, aramid fibre, metal fibre, glass fibre, silicon carbide fibre, poly-ester fibres, composition fiber, fiber glass and the bond thereof.

10. the maneuvering board of claim 9 wherein by laminated resin, is fixed to cloth on the upper face, and described laminated resin will seal the cohesive body of cloth and formation and thermoplastic foam core.

11. the maneuvering board of claim 10, wherein laminated resin is selected from unsaturated polyester resin, saturated polyester resin, epoxy resin, phenol resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, Lauxite, unsaturated polyesteramide resin, vinylester resin, polyimide resin, polyamide-imide resin, unsaturated (methyl) acrylic resin, acrylic compounds-urethane resin and bond thereof.

12. the maneuvering board of claim 1, overplate and/or lower floor's overplate comprise one or more of polyolefin at the middle and upper levels for they.

13. the maneuvering board of claim 1, it comprises one or more axially and/or the parabolic type longeron.

14. the maneuvering board of claim 1 comprises the lower side that is fixed to maneuvering board and from one or more fin of its extension.

15. the maneuvering board of claim 1 comprises the upper side that is fixed to maneuvering board and from one or more anchor fitting of its extension.

16. the maneuvering board of claim 1 comprises the upper side that is fixed to maneuvering board and from one or more wheel of its extension.

17. the maneuvering board of claim 1, wherein maneuvering board is selected from surfing, saddle, sailboard, wave plate, supporting plate, aquaplane, skis, toboggan, snowfield slide plate, hand barrow and skating plate.

18. a maneuvering board, it comprises:

(a) has elongated, the water-fast thermoplastic foam core of upper face and lower surface;

(b) one or more axial and/or parabolic type longeron;

(c) the top tissue layer of covering at least a portion upper face;

(d) the bottom tissue layer of covering at least a portion lower surface; With

(e) with the laminated resin on the thermoplastic foam core of being bonded in of top tissue layer and bottom tissue layer sealing;

Wherein this foam core is prepared by foam-body material, and this foam-body material comprises the foamable polymeric matrix of the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that contains polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, and the water absorption rate that this foam core is measured according to ASTM C-272 is less than 2 volume %.

19. the maneuvering board of claim 18, wherein maneuvering board is selected from surfing, saddle, sailboard, wave plate, supporting plate, aquaplane, skis, toboggan, snowfield slide plate, hand barrow and skating plate.

20. the maneuvering board of claim 19, wherein maneuvering board is surfing.

21. the maneuvering board of claim 20 wherein can use Emerson8510 compression verification instrument apparatus, makes surfing depart from 1.9cm, does not depart from and demonstrate in deformability load curve.

22. the maneuvering board of claim 20, wherein when departing from 2.2cm, surfing does not destroy.

23. a surfing, it comprises:

(a) contain elongated, the water-fast foam core with upper face and lower surface of interpenetrating networks of the poly-mer of one or more of polyolefin and one or more of vi-ny l aromatic monomers;

(b) upper strata of covering at least a portion upper face; With

(c) lower floor of covering at least a portion lower surface;

Wherein this foam core is prepared by foam-body material, and this foam-body material comprises the foamable polymeric matrix of the copolymer of the vi-ny l aromatic monomers that contains polyolefin and in-situ polymerization, and the water absorption rate that this foam core is measured according to ASTM C-272 is less than 2 volume %.

24. the surfing of claim 23 wherein can use Emerson8510 compression verification instrument apparatus, makes surfing depart from 1.9cm, does not depart from and demonstrate in deformability load curve.

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