CN101638767A - Low-temperature high-speed solid-powder chromium-impregnation method under action of direct current field - Google Patents
Low-temperature high-speed solid-powder chromium-impregnation method under action of direct current field Download PDFInfo
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- CN101638767A CN101638767A CN200910183189A CN200910183189A CN101638767A CN 101638767 A CN101638767 A CN 101638767A CN 200910183189 A CN200910183189 A CN 200910183189A CN 200910183189 A CN200910183189 A CN 200910183189A CN 101638767 A CN101638767 A CN 101638767A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-temperature high-speed solid-powder chromium-impregnation method under the action of a direct current field, which relates to the technical field of chemical heat treatment of metal surfaces. The method comprises the following steps: putting a platelike electrode in a solid-powder chromium-impregnation agent; using the platelike electrode as the positive electrode anda chromium-impregnation part as the negative electrode, and connecting the two electrodes in parallel to the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current power supply of which the voltage can be continuously adjusted within the range of 5-100V; sealing the platelike electrode, the chromium-impregnation part and the chromium-impregnation agent in an impregnation tank; heatingthe impregnation tank at 600-900 DEG C; and when the furnace temperature reaches the set value, applying a voltage of 5-100V between the two electrodes to carry out the chromium-impregnation on the chromium-impregnation part. The method uses the impregnation agent which is same as that of the prior traditional solid-powder chromium-impregnation and can obtain the same chromium-impregnation thickness as common chromium-impregnation by using low-temperature heating and short-time heat preservation. When the same heating temperature and heat preservation time as common chromium-impregnation are used, the thickness of the chromium-impregnation layer can be increased by 3-8 times so as to save the energy and reduce the production cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metallic surface thermo-chemical treatment technical field, refer in particular to low temperature speed solid-powder chromizing technique under a kind of DC electric field effect, can significantly improve after the chromising under the strong wear condition and corrosive medium in performances such as metal parts is anti-oxidant, corrosion-resistant, wear-resistant.
Background technology
Chromizing technique is at high temperature, with the mutual diffusion of active chromium by surperficial absorption and chromium, iron and carbon, generates the alloy layer of one deck in conjunction with firm iron, chromium, carbon at workpiece surface.This carbon chromium cpd layer has good wear resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, thermal fatigue, in atmosphere, tap water, steam and oil product, hydrogen sulfide, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, alkali, sodium chloride aqueous solution medium higher corrosion stability is arranged.
The method of chromising has: (1) pressed powder chromising; (2) gas chromising; (3) salt bath chromizing; (4) ion-chromizing, or the like.
The pressed powder chromising is the technology that adopts powdery or granular chromizing agent to carry out chromising.Pack chromizing medium is generally by forming for chromium agent, weighting agent and activator.Generally adopt chromium powder or ferrochrome powder for the chromium agent, weighting agent is generally zone of oxidation, clay etc., and activator is generally halogenide.Pack chromizing does not need special equipment, chromizing agent need only be packed in the chromising jar (case) with workpiece, puts into the stove internal heating after the sealing and gets final product.
Chromising temperature at present commonly used is 950 ℃～1100 ℃, and soaking time is 6～10 hours, obtains the tens chromising layers to the hundreds of micron.The shortcoming of conventional solid powder chromising is that labor condition is poor, and energy consumption is higher, and the penetration enhancer consumption is bigger.
Write according to Qi Baosen etc., Beijing in 2006: " the thermo-chemical treatment technology " of Chemical Industry Press, p.448, and Huang Yuansheng, " chromising Study on Technology progress and development prospect ", " Shaoguan College's journal (natural science edition) ", 2004,25 (6), p.49～52, the chromising of conventional solid powder exists treatment temp height, treatment time long, the not high deficiency of penetration enhancer utilization ratio; In order to solve these deficiencies, reduce the chromising temperature and shorten the chromising time, exploitation efficient energy-saving chromizing technique is paid close attention to by people.Chinese patent 200410009189.1 " a kind of method of quickening to prepare alloy coat " for example, this method are to utilize combining of heat energy and mechanical impact, form alloy coat; Chinese patent 01107820.0, " mechanical energy aided diffusion process for modifying surface " utilizes penetration enhancer and impinging particle in heating drum workpiece surface to be impacted, and realizes the mechanical energy aided diffusion metal surface modification.Above-mentioned two kinds of methods can reduce powder chromising temperature, reduce soaking time, but its technological operation relative complex, and some part is not suitable for the long-time mechanical shock that adopts in treating processes.
Because the generation of active chromium atom is owing to penetration enhancer thermolysis under high temperature action comes in the present pressed powder chromising, its concentration and chromising temperature, for chromium agent and activator content etc. direct relation is arranged in the penetration enhancer, chromium also mainly depends on the effect of temperature to the diffusion of piece surface, to the probability of diffusion motion everywhere is the same, so there is considerable active chromium atom to ooze the inoperative surface of the inwall and the part of case during chromising, cause very big waste, thereby have the treatment temp height, treatment time is longer, the penetration enhancer utilization ratio is not high, the more high weak point of cost.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that prior art exists, a kind of method of DC electric field accelerating Solid powder chromising is provided.The present invention strengthens the chromizing agent reaction by DC electric field, promote the decomposition of chromizing agent, quicken the effective diffusion and the absorption of active chromium atom, significantly reduce the chromising temperature, accelerate infiltration rate, improve utilization ratio, the differing temps in 600～900 ℃ of scopes for the chromium agent, can realize the powder chromising, infiltration rate is significantly improved.
The present invention applies DC electric field by employing and solves the shortcoming that prior art exists, it is characterized by: in the pressed powder chromizing agent, place a plate electrode, with this electrode is positive electrode, intending the chromising part is negative potential, two electrodes are parallel to each other and correspondingly respectively are connected a voltage continuously adjustable direct supply is being just in 5～100V scope, on the negative pole, plate electrode and plan chromising part are sealed in chromizing agent and ooze in the case, to ooze case places 600～900 ℃ temperature range to heat, after furnace temperature reaches set(ting)value, add that at two interpolars the voltage between 5～100V carries out chromising to intending the chromising part.
Above-mentioned positive and negative electrode the two poles of the earth pole distance is 10～100mm.
Above-mentioned plate electrode is similar to the chromising facial contour of intending the chromising part, and size is identical.
Above-mentioned chromizing agent is by forming for chromium agent, activator and weighting agent; Be ferrochrome for the chromium agent wherein, activator is an ammonium chloride, and weighting agent is quartz sand or chromic oxide.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage:
1, the present invention has overcome the deficiency that the chromising of conventional solid powder relies on penetration enhancer decomposes generation active chromium atom merely, utilize the decomposition of the physical action promotion penetration enhancer of DC electric field, increase the concentration and the activity of active chromium atom, in thermodiffusion, utilize tabular anodal special shape and placement location, DC electric field is also accelerated the active chromium atom needs orientation diffusion from chromising face to part (negative pole), reduced the absorption of oozing chamber interior wall and the relative chromium atom of part non-working surface relatively, thereby can reduce the chromising temperature, accelerate infiltration rate, improve utilization ratio for the chromium agent.
2, the present invention uses and the identical penetration enhancer of existing conventional solid powder chromising, can adopt low-temperature heat, isothermal treatment for short time to obtain and the same chromizing layer thickness of conventional chromising.When adopting with same Heating temperature of conventional chromising and soaking time, chromizing layer thickness can increase 3-8 doubly, thereby save energy reduces production costs.Relative other prior art, operation is simple in the present invention.
Description of drawings
700 ℃ of Figure 145 steel, 4h, chromising layer tissue under the 10V condition
750 ℃ of Figure 22 0 steel, 4h, chromising layer tissue under the 45V condition
50 ℃ of Figure 38,4h, chromising layer tissue (a) 20 steel (b) 45 steel under the 100V condition
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Oozed material: 45 steel; Chromizing agent constitutes: for chromium agent (ferrochrome, content 60%), activator (ammonium chloride, content 1%), weighting agent (quartz sand, content 39%).
In the pressed powder chromizing agent that above-mentioned substance is formed, place a rectangular plate electrode, with this electrode as positive electrode, with part as negative potential, the chromising face of tabular positive electrode and plan chromising part is parallel to each other, and distance is 20mm, two electrodes are corresponding respectively to be connected a voltage continuously adjustable direct supply is being just in 5～100V scope, on the negative pole, plate electrode and plan chromising part ooze in the case by being sealed in the powder chromizing agent, to ooze case then places chamber type electric resistance furnace to heat, the chromising temperature is 700 ℃, 4 hours chromising time, after furnace temperature reaches set(ting)value, add the voltage of 10V at two interpolars.Test-results: the effect of extra electric field makes 45 steel obtain the chromising layer of the about 36 μ m of thickness, sees Fig. 1, and existing traditional chromizing technique adopts identical diffusion agent formulation, and through 700 ℃, chromising in 4 hours forms the chromising layer hardly.
Embodiment 2
Oozed material: 20 steel; Chromizing agent constitutes: for chromium agent (ferrochrome, content 60%), activator (ammonium chloride, content 1%), weighting agent (chromic oxide, content 39%).
In the pressed powder chromizing agent that above-mentioned substance is formed, place a trapezoid plate electrode, with this electrode as positive electrode, with part as negative potential, two electrodes are parallel to each other, tabular positive electrode and desire the chromising part apart from 60mm, two electrodes are corresponding respectively to be connected a voltage continuously adjustable direct supply is being just in 5～100V scope, on the negative pole, plate electrode and part ooze in the case by being sealed in powder penetrating agent, to ooze case then places chamber type electric resistance furnace to heat, the chromising temperature is 750 ℃, 4 hours chromising time, after furnace temperature reaches set(ting)value, add the voltage of 45V at two interpolars.Test-results: the effect of extra electric field makes 20 steel obtain the chromising layer of the about 26 μ m of thickness, sees Fig. 2, and existing traditional chromizing technique adopts identical diffusion agent formulation, and through 750 ℃, chromising in 4 hours forms the chromising layer hardly.
Embodiment 3
Oozed material: 20 steel, 45 steel, chromizing agent constitutes: for chromium agent (ferrochrome, content 60%), activator (ammonium chloride, content 1%), weighting agent (quartz sand, content 39%).
In the pressed powder chromizing agent that above-mentioned substance is formed, place the plate electrode of a circle, with this electrode as positive pole, with part as negative pole, the two poles of the earth are parallel to each other, tabular positive pole and quilt are oozed between sample apart from 90mm, the two poles of the earth are corresponding respectively to be connected a voltage continuously adjustable special DC power supply is being just in 5～100V scope, on the negative pole, plate electrode and part ooze in the case by being sealed in powder penetrating agent, to ooze case then places chamber type electric resistance furnace to heat, the chromising temperature is 850 ℃, 4 hours chromising time, after furnace temperature reaches set(ting)value, add the voltage of 100V at two interpolars.
Test-results: the effect of extra electric field makes 20 steel and 45 steel capital obtain the chromising layer of the about 65 μ m of thickness, sees Fig. 3.And existing traditional chromizing technique adopts identical diffusion agent formulation, and through 850 ℃, chromising in 4 hours only can form the chromising layer of several micron thickness.
Claims (4)
1, low temperature speed solid-powder chromising method under a kind of DC electric field effect, it is characterized by: in the pressed powder chromizing agent, place a plate electrode, with this electrode is positive electrode, intending the chromising part is negative potential, two electrodes are parallel to each other and correspondingly respectively are connected a voltage continuously adjustable direct supply is being just in 5～100V scope, on the negative pole, plate electrode and plan chromising part are sealed in chromizing agent and ooze in the case, to ooze case places 600～900 ℃ temperature range to heat, after furnace temperature reaches set(ting)value, add that at two interpolars the voltage between 5～100V carries out chromising to intending the chromising part.
2, low temperature speed solid-powder chromising method under the described a kind of DC electric field effect of claim 1 is characterized by: the chromising face of tabular positive electrode and plan chromising part is parallel to each other, and distance is 10～100mm.
3, low temperature speed solid-powder chromising method under the described a kind of DC electric field effect of claim 1 is characterized by: plate electrode is similar to the chromising facial contour of intending the chromising part, and size is identical.
4, low temperature speed solid-powder chromising method under the described a kind of DC electric field effect of claim 1 is characterized by: chromizing agent is by forming for chromium agent, activator and weighting agent; Be ferrochrome for the chromium agent wherein, activator is an ammonium chloride, and weighting agent is quartz sand or chromic oxide.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103725858A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏大学 | Photochemical in-situ preparation method of patterned uniform chromium oxide film |
| CN107881462A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 中国石化扬子石油化工有限公司 | A kind of technique of chromizing agent and its chromizing coating |
-
2009
- 2009-07-30 CN CN200910183189A patent/CN101638767A/en active Pending
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103725858A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-16 | 江苏大学 | Photochemical in-situ preparation method of patterned uniform chromium oxide film |
| CN103725858B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2015-08-05 | 江苏大学 | Photochemical in-situ preparation method of patterned uniform chromium oxide film |
| CN107881462A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-06 | 中国石化扬子石油化工有限公司 | A kind of technique of chromizing agent and its chromizing coating |
| CN107881462B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-03-19 | 中国石化扬子石油化工有限公司 | A kind of technique of chromizing agent and its chromizing coating |
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