CN101634712A - Pulse gamma radiation detector with low direct-radiation background - Google Patents
Pulse gamma radiation detector with low direct-radiation background Download PDFInfo
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- CN101634712A CN101634712A CN200910023775A CN200910023775A CN101634712A CN 101634712 A CN101634712 A CN 101634712A CN 200910023775 A CN200910023775 A CN 200910023775A CN 200910023775 A CN200910023775 A CN 200910023775A CN 101634712 A CN101634712 A CN 101634712A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pulse gamma radiation detector with low direct-radiation background, which comprises a housing, a front-end radiation shield, a scintillator, a rear-end radiation shield and an optoelectronic device, wherein, the housing is formed by fixedly connecting a front cylinder, a middle cylinder and a rear cylinder in sequence; the front-end radiation shield is arranged in the front cylinder; the scintillator is arranged in a blind hole at the center of the inner end surface in the front-end radiation shield; the rear-end radiation shield is arranged in the rear cylinder; the optoelectronic device is arranged in the rear-end radiation shield; the front-end radiation shield, the middle cylinder and the rear-end radiation shield stand in a circle to form a hollow cavity; an intermediate attenuation body is fixed inside the hollow cavity; a diffuse reflection layer is arranged on the outer surface of the intermediate attenuation body; and diffuse reflection layers are further arranged on the inner end surface of the front-end radiation shield, the inner side surface of the middle cylinder and the inner end surface of the rear-end radiation shield. The invention solves the technical problems of high background value, low sensitivity, difficulty in eliminating electromagnetic and neutron interference and low signal-to-noise ratio in the existing pulse gamma detector, and has the advantages of compact structure and high intrinsic value and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of radiation detector assembly, be specifically related to a kind of current mode impulse gamma radiation detector that high intensity pulses gamma time spectrum is measured that is suitable for.
Background technology
The mixed radiation field that the impulse gamma radiation field is made up of impulse gamma, neutron and electromagnetic pulse etc. has characteristics such as intensity height, wide dynamic range, time be fast.Except that requiring detector to satisfy the basic demand of pulse detection, also there is following shortcoming in existing high intensity pulses gamma time spectrum detector:
1, directly shines the influence of background.Because the light sensitive face of common electrical flow pattern scintillation detector is directly exposed under the radiation exposure, this straight background that shines occupies bigger share in signal.And can't obtain corresponding background waveform in the actual measurement simultaneously, therefore also just can't reasonably deduct of the contribution of this background to measurement result.If take detector to be sidelong mode, though can avoid photocathode, can't realize high-precision collimation, to the heart by the ray direct irradiation.
2, lower detection sensitivity.In the parameter measurement of impulse radiation field, when the measuring point particle fluence rate is higher, need further to reduce detector sensitivity.Conventional Pulse Electric flow pattern scintillation detector scintillator is generally all bigger.In addition, when needs carried out comparatively meticulous angle or position sensing, big scintillator was difficult to meet the demands.
3, the influence of neutron.When detector responds gamma neutron is also had response, this brings certain interference with regard to the detection of giving gamma ray.Time-of-flight method commonly used can be separated pulsed neutron, impulse gamma ray on certain distance, avoid the influence of neutron to the gamma signal.But when detector must be nearer from the source or during the pulse width broad of signal, time-of-flight method just can't be used.An effective way that suppresses the neutron interference is the gamma radiation detector that design has the high γ/n of intrinsic (sensitivity ratio) resolution characteristic.By suitable design, make the gamma of detector highly sensitive in the sensitivity of neutron, the marking current of detector work output is just main from the response of detector to the gamma signal like this.The contribution of neutron signal only accounts for very little ratio, generally can ignore.
4, there is electromagnetic interference (EMI).Electromagnetic pulse can cause interference to sensitive detection parts.
5, sensitivity demarcation aspect.When conventional panel detector structure cooperated little scintillator, because that photoelectric device directly shines background is bigger, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) was not very desirable even less than 1, demarcates difficulty.
To sum up, development has strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, high γ/n sensitivity ratio, has strong screening ability, is the important content of realizing that high intensity pulses gamma time spectrum is measured than high s/n ratio, the current mode gamma detector of fast time response.
Summary of the invention
For solve existing pulse gamma detector background values height, sensitivity low, be difficult to eliminate electromagnetism and technical matters such as neutron disturbs, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is low, the invention provides a kind of be applicable to survey, high-intensity low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background.
Technical solution of the present invention:
A kind of low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background, comprise by placket, the shell that middle tube and back tube are connected successively and form, be arranged on the front end radiation shield in the placket, be arranged on the scintillator in the front end radiation shield inner face central blind hole, be arranged on the rear end radiation shield in the tube of back, be arranged on the photoelectric device in the radiation shield of rear end, described front end radiation shield, middle tube, the space that the rear end radiation shield is surrounded constitutes cavity, its difference is: described cavity inside is fixed with middle part decay body, described middle part decay external surface is provided with diffuse reflector, described front end radiation shield inner face, middle tube medial surface, rear end radiation shield inner face is provided with diffuse reflector.
The diameter of above-mentioned scintillator is 2～5mm.
The diameter of above-mentioned scintillator is 3mm.
Above-mentioned front end radiation shield outer face is provided with the collimating aperture that is positioned at scintillator the place ahead, is provided with seal diaphragm between described collimating aperture and the scintillator, and described seal diaphragm and placket constitute integral structure.
Above-mentioned middle part decay body is fixed in the middle tube by support bar.
Above-mentioned diffuse reflector is teflon, magnesium oxide or the aluminium oxide with high reflectance.
The material of above-mentioned middle part decay body is tungsten, lead, bismuth or gold.
Above-mentioned scintillator is silicic acid lutetium inorganic scintillator, lead tungstate inorganic scintillator.
The present invention is with respect to beneficial effect that prior art had:
1, structure of the present invention is small and exquisite, and detector adopts little inorganic scintillator as the ray fluorescence conversion body, is suitable for the situation of a detection.When the scintillator diameter was 3mm, it was easy to process, simultaneously best performance.Diameter is too little, then bad processing, and diameter is too big, then degradation.
2, inorganic scintillator has the high γ/n of very high intrinsic (sensitivity ratio) ability, and the mixed radiation field that is very suitable for forming in impulse gamma, neutron and electromagnetic pulse etc. is surveyed gamma ray.
3, directly to shine background low for photoelectric device of the present invention, can effectively passage of scintillation light be transferred on the light sensitive face of photoelectric device, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) height, cavity size and length can be adjusted as required, cooperate different photoelectric devices can obtain striding the sensitivity of 5～6 magnitudes.
4, the present invention is provided with diffuse reflector at the inner tube wall of middle tube and the neighboring of middle part decay body, guarantees the linear dynamic range of detector
5, the inner tube wall of the inner tube wall of placket of the present invention and back tube is provided with radiation shield, can implement radiation shield and electromagnetic screen to scintillator and photoelectric device effectively, reduce ray to the radiation background that photocathode causes, satisfied the demand of on-the-spot task fully.
6, the present invention adopts cavity and internal components thereof is sealed, and has improved the adaptive capacity to environment of product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of Fig. 1;
Reference numeral is as follows: 1-placket, 2-cavity, tube among the 3-, the 4-support bar, 5-middle part decay body, tube behind the 6-, 7-rear end radiation shield, 8-high voltage input terminal, 9-signal output part, the 10-photoelectric device, 11-diffuse reflector, 12-front end radiation shield, the 13-scintillator is jackscrew fixedly, 14-scintillator, 15-seal diaphragm, the 16-collimating aperture, the 17-cylinder supports.
Embodiment
Illustrated in figures 1 and 2 is the structural representation of impulse gamma radiation detector of the present invention, comprise by placket, the shell that middle tube and back tube are connected successively and form, be arranged on the front end radiation shield in the placket, be arranged on the scintillator in the front end radiation shield inner face central blind hole, be arranged on the rear end radiation shield in the tube of back, be arranged on the photoelectric device in the radiation shield of rear end, the cylinder that optical device is made by black nylon supports the radiation shield center, rear end that is installed in, the front end radiation shield, middle tube, the space that the rear end radiation shield is surrounded constitutes cavity, cavity inside is fixed with middle part decay body, in order to guarantee the linear dynamic range of detector, be provided with diffuse reflector at the cavity medial surface, i.e. middle part decay external surface, front end radiation shield inner face, middle tube medial surface, rear end radiation shield inner face is provided with diffuse reflector; Diffuse reflector is teflon (F4), magnesium oxide or the aluminium oxide with high reflectance, and wherein the reflectivity of teflon (F4) reaches 98%; The rear end cap of back tube is provided with high voltage input terminal and signal output part; Placket, middle tube and back tube are DT4E ingot iron material, can prevent electromagnetic interference (EMI).Middle part decay body is high atomic number, high density material or alloy, as tungsten, lead, bismuth or gold.The material that front end radiation shield and rear end radiation shield adopt is high atomic number, high density material or alloy, as tungsten, lead or bismuth, its can reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) it, effectively reduce the radiation background that ray causes photocathode.Prepare for test position fix, be provided with collimating aperture in scintillator the place ahead; In order to realize a test, scintillator adopts the scintillator of minor diameter, as adopting silicic acid lutetium (LSO) inorganic scintillator, its cylinder dimensions be φ (2～5mm) * (3～10mm), its time response is 47ns.Middle part decay body is the thick tungalloy of 10cm; Front end radiation shield outer face is provided with the collimating aperture that is positioned at scintillator the place ahead, and the part on the placket between collimating aperture and inner face central blind hole forms seal diaphragm, the about 1mm of seal diaphragm thickness.
Utilize activity detector to be demarcated for the gamma ray of Co-60 source (average energy the is 1.25MeV) generation of 3Ci.Measurement result shows that the straight of this detector is 1.02 * 10 according to sensitivity
-16Ccm
2/ γ is than low 2 magnitudes of the common scintillation detector that uses same photomultiplier; Sensitivity is 5.03 * 10
-16Ccm
2/ γ, lower 18.4 times than common scintillation detector, and linear dynamic range constant (＞200mA), intrinsic γ/n resolution characteristic is greater than 20 times.Single detector has satisfied fully that direct impulse intensity is 10 in mixed radiation field
12～10
15γ/(cm
2S) demand of gamma ray, and can promote the use of relevant high intensity pulses ray field tests.
Table 1 is the cavity effect experimental data that combination obtained (scintillator is LSO in the table, size φ 3mm * 5mm, middle decay body is put between scintillator and the photoelectric device) of detector different structure of the present invention:
Table 1
| Condition | Signal sensitivity/Ccm 2 | Background sensitivity/Ccm 2 | Signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) |
| Decay body in the middle of no diffuse reflector, the nothing | ??9.26E-15 | ??1.00E-15 | ??0.93 |
| No diffuse reflector, have in the middle of the decay body | ??2.51E-16 | ??9.03E-17 | ??2.70 |
| Diffuse reflector is arranged, do not have middle decay body | ??6.83E-16 | ??1.88E-16 | ??0.36 |
| Diffuse reflector is arranged, middle decay body (being the present invention) is arranged | ??5.03E-16 | ??1.02E-16 | ??4.93 |
As can be known from Table 1, the present invention because diffuse reflector, have in the middle of the decay body setting, its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) improves a lot.
Table 2 be detector of the present invention and existing structure detector the comparative experiments data (use same photoelectric device, the scintillator of existing detector is LSO, size φ 40mm * 5mm):
Table 2
| Condition | The signal sensitivity relative value | The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) relative value |
| Existing other structure detectors | ??1 | ??1 |
| The present invention | ??1.6E-3 | ??2.83 |
As can be known from Table 2, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of the present invention is compared with the detector of existing other structure with signal sensitivity and is improved a lot.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background, comprise by placket, the shell that middle tube and back tube are connected successively and form, be arranged on the front end radiation shield in the placket, be arranged on the scintillator in the front end radiation shield inner face central blind hole, be arranged on the rear end radiation shield in the tube of back, be arranged on the photoelectric device in the radiation shield of rear end, described front end radiation shield, middle tube, the space that the rear end radiation shield is surrounded constitutes cavity, it is characterized in that: described cavity inside is fixed with middle part decay body, described middle part decay external surface is provided with diffuse reflector, described front end radiation shield inner face, middle tube medial surface, rear end radiation shield inner face is provided with diffuse reflector.
2, low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described scintillator is 2～5mm.
3, low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the diameter of described scintillator is 3mm.
4, according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described low straight impulse gamma radiation detectors according to background, it is characterized in that: described front end radiation shield outer face is provided with the collimating aperture that is positioned at scintillator the place ahead, be provided with seal diaphragm between described collimating aperture and the scintillator, described seal diaphragm and placket constitute integral structure.
5, described low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described middle part decay body is fixed in the middle tube by support bar.
6, described low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described diffuse reflector is teflon, magnesium oxide or the aluminium oxide with high reflectance.
7, described low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: the material of described middle part decay body is tungsten, lead, bismuth or gold.
8, described low straight impulse gamma radiation detector according to background according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described scintillator is silicic acid lutetium inorganic scintillator, lead tungstate inorganic scintillator.
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| EP0045576B1 (en) * | 1980-08-06 | 1985-05-22 | Satake Engineering Co., Ltd. | Device for preventing scattering of particles for colour sorting apparatus |
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| DE19847555A1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2000-04-20 | Abb Research Ltd | Level measurement system for multi-phase offshore separator tank, comprises gamma detector to detect shadow of natural gamma radiation absorption by tank contents using long, vertical scintillation detector |
| DE10112713B4 (en) * | 2001-03-16 | 2004-12-02 | Rados Technology Gmbh | Detector for measuring radioactive radiation |
| CN2591645Y (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2003-12-10 | 中国原子能科学研究院 | Gamma radioactive safe testing device |
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