CN101633060B - Automatic spiral hole-milling unit - Google Patents

Automatic spiral hole-milling unit Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101633060B
CN101633060B CN2009103060268A CN200910306026A CN101633060B CN 101633060 B CN101633060 B CN 101633060B CN 2009103060268 A CN2009103060268 A CN 2009103060268A CN 200910306026 A CN200910306026 A CN 200910306026A CN 101633060 B CN101633060 B CN 101633060B
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China
Prior art keywords
sleeve
drive unit
axis
cutter
output shaft
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2009103060268A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101633060A (en
Inventor
秦旭达
滑松
冀晓来
王�琦
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic spiral hole-milling unit comprising a cutter rotation system, a radial deflection system, a revolution system and a sleeve with an inner hole. The axis of the inner hole of the sleeve is eccentrically arranged relative to the axis of an outer circumference of the sleeve. A stand is connected outside the sleeve. The cutter rotation system comprises a drive unit with a cylindrical shell. The drive unit can be rotatably arranged inside the inner hole of the sleeve. An output shaft of the drive unit is connected with a clamping apparatus holding a cutter. The output shaft of the drive unit is in offset arrangement relative to the axis of the shell of the drive unit. The radial deflection system comprises a stepping motor with an electromagnetic brake. A flange of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the sleeve, and an output shaft of the stepping motor is fixedly connected with the shell of the drive unit coaxially. The revolution system comprises an electric rotating motor; the inner ring of the electric rotating motor is fixedly connected on the sleeve, and the outer ring of the electric rotating motor is fixed on the frame. When used for processing of high-strength materials difficult to cut and process, the automatic spiral hole-milling unit obviously improves the processing efficiency and the processing quality.

Description

Automatic spiral hole-milling unit
Technical field
The present invention relates in a kind of large aircraft assembling process, automatic drill riveting equipment is indispensable equipment, relates in particular to automatic spiral hole-milling unit.
Background technology
China is in the period of manufacturing technology fast development now, and machining is as the main fundamental technology of manufacturing technology.Aero-Space are one of of paramount importance parts of manufacturing industry, are the new and high technology industries of enrichment the most.In aviation was made, a large amount of parts all needed to assemble, and needed the thousands of hole of processing.The present generation aircraft assembling has proposed new requirement to automatic drilling.Because the requirement of present generation aircraft structure long-life, stealthy, structure interchangeability etc., so require the assembling drilling more smart, tighter; Secondly difficult-to-machine materials such as composite, titanium alloy are used the proportion increasing, and this has improved the difficulty of drilling; Particularly large aircraft is to the efficient high-quality of the requirement of a large amount of oversized hole for aircraft, and this has also improved the difficulty of drilling.
In traditional boring procedure, the linear velocity of the alignment of shafts is zero, the center that is its drill bit does not participate in cutting, and the removal of this central area workpiece material is to rely on the downward thrust of rig that it is extruded fully, thereby boring to add the Z that drill bit bore in man-hour very big to power, when high rigidity materials such as machining titanium alloy, the quick wear out failure of cutter is a general phenomenon very.The conventional borehole process is a continuous working angles, blade contacts all the time with workpiece, and blade and workpiece contact-making surface temperature are very high during cutting, and the thermal conductivity of titanium alloy is poor again, working angles causes the accumulation of heat, and this wear out failure that also will speed up cutter causes machined surface quality to descend.
PCT application PCT/SE94/00085 discloses a kind of hand-operated tools that utilizes above-mentioned processing technology drilling.This patent comprises: one can be around the axis of himself and the tool mounting of a main shaft rotation, one is used for along the pivot center parts of this tool mounting of vertical direction adjusted that is positioned at this some surface, axial feed parts with respect to workpiece, one is used to regulate the main shaft of tool mounting and the parts of the radial distance between the rotation.The disclosed hand-operated tools of this patent can not provide a kind of practicable usability scheme and it far can not satisfy in the aviation field requirement to the hole crudy.Because its open defect is: the location armrest is moving, badly influences the positional precision in hole like this, and hand-held, and too big rigidity can not be provided, and this also can have influence on the axiality and the surface quality in hole.A basic demand for this hand-operated tools is exactly a light weight and easy to use, and this patent does not provide the structure of a kind of compact conformation and light weight.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency of prior art, provide a kind of needs one cutter, do not need to carry out again fine finishining, just can process the high-quality hole of different-diameter, reduced tool change time, dwindle the cutter stock of enterprise greatly, improved the automatic spiral hole-milling unit of efficient greatly.
Automatic spiral hole-milling unit of the present invention, it comprises cutter rotation system, the radial deflection system, the revolution system, it also comprises a sleeve with endoporus, the axis of the axis of the endoporus of described sleeve and the excircle of described sleeve is provided with for biasing, outside described sleeve, be connected with frame by bearing, described cutter rotation system comprises the drive unit with barrel shrond, described drive unit is arranged in the described sleeve endoporus rotationally by bearing, the output shaft of described drive unit links to each other with a jig that accompanies cutter, the axis bias setting of the output shaft of described drive unit and the shell of drive unit, described radial deflection system comprises a stepper motor with electromagnetic brake device, the flange of stepper motor and described sleeve are fixedly linked and the shell coaxial line of its output shaft and described drive unit is fixedly linked, described revolution system comprises electric rotating machine, and the inner ring of described electric rotating machine connects firmly on sleeve, the outer ring connects firmly on frame.
Structure applications of the present invention is in the processing of the difficult cutting of high strength, difficult-to-machine material, for example: titanium alloy, composite etc. especially are applied in the manufacturing assembling of aerospace field.It is compared with traditional machining tool, obviously improved working (machining) efficiency, crudy, reduced processing cost, saved the product development production cycle, and this structure is convenient to realize automation.Concrete manifestation is as follows:
1. improve the hole quality
With respect to traditional punching technology, helical milling has improved hole quality and intensity significantly.Helical milling belongs to the cutting at interrupted intermittence, and lower Milling Force makes the hole that is processed not have burr.Rapid heat dissipation, cutting temperature is low.Tool diameter is littler than the hole, and smear metal well obtains getting rid of, and has greatly reduced the roughness of hole surface, under the situation of processing compound material, has eliminated the delamination that tradition punching in the past causes owing to the point of a knife passivation, has peeled off the low-quality situation of hole surface.
2. shorten the lead time and save enterprise's processing cost
When making the processing aircraft, this technology will shorten the R﹠D cycle greatly and reduce the entreprise cost cost.Because this technology, samely can process the hole of different-diameter to cutter, traditional countersinking because its processing has high-quality performance, can be saved, work such as fraising in the hole of complicated shape.Make the tool category model of machining hole constantly to reduce like this.With regard to the whole lead time, helical milling technology can reduce a lot of operations, as decomposing the dismounting back burr removal processing is carried out in different holes respectively, and cooling fluid is removed in fraising, assembles again.These operations all will be eliminated after adopting apparatus of the present invention.In aircraft industry, use apparatus of the present invention helical milling technology, can shorten the process-cycle greatly, reduce cost.
3. increasingly automated
This device is modular units, and it and manipulator or big aircraft assembly center match, and forms wing wallboard drilling system, long purlin flexible drilling system, flexible drilling unit, the automatic drilling of miniature movable type unit, the drilling system of robot etc. of following the tracks of.Under the manipulation of digital control system, realize the automation of height easily, shorten process time, cut down finished cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a helical milling processing schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a helical milling motion schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of automatic spiral hole-milling unit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the skew schematic diagram of hole milling of the present invention unit;
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of the electromagnetic brake device that adopts of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Shown in Fig. 1-2, structure of the present invention is based on a kind of processing technology of helical milling and develops.Thereby, the principle of helical milling marrow just of the present invention.As shown in Figure 1, wherein 1 finger center cutter movement locus, 2 finger-hole center lines, 3 spindles refer to that to direction of feed, 4 cutters, 5 refer to the center cutter lines.The helical milling technical process is " boring to mill a generation " process, utilizes the mode of screwfeed to realize cutting movement.The motion of helical milling process by main shaft " rotation " motion and cutter around " revolution " of centerline hole move and the Z of main shaft to feeding, these three motions are composited, this special motion mode has determined the advantage of helical milling process.2-1 refers to the hole that processed among Fig. 2, and 2-2 refers to the track that center cutter is passed by, the position of icking tool tool when 2-3 refers to cutter.O 1Be the center of certain institute's machining hole, O 2The center of some time icking tool tool.
Auto spiral units of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, it comprises cutter rotation system 13, radial deflection system 14, revolution system 15, it also comprises a sleeve 5 with endoporus, the axis of the axis of the endoporus of described sleeve 5 and the excircle of described sleeve is set for the eccentric, outside described sleeve 5, be connected with frame 6 by bearing, described cutter rotation system comprises the drive unit 9 with barrel shrond, described drive unit 9 is arranged in the described sleeve endoporus rotationally by bearing 4, and an end of bearing 4 is connected with bearing gland 3.The output shaft of described drive unit 9 links to each other with a jig 2 that accompanies cutter 1, the eccentric axis of the output shaft of described drive unit 9 and the shell of drive unit installs, described radial deflection system comprises a stepper motor 12 with electromagnetic brake device 11, the flange of stepper motor 12 and sleeve are fixedly linked and the shell coaxial line of its output shaft and described drive unit 9 is fixedly linked, described revolution system comprises electric rotating machine, the inner ring of described electric rotating machine connect firmly on the sleeve 5, the outer ring connects firmly on frame 6.Be provided with sealing ring 8 between sleeve endoporus and the drive unit shell and between sleeve outer wall and the frame 6.
The operation principle of this device is as follows:
Cutter 1 again around frame axis 18 revolution, is realized the processing in hole like this with the processing technology of helical milling in around 17 rotations of center cutter line.The rotation of cutter is realized by air motor 9 or electric main shaft.Radial deflection relatively rotates realization by air motor 9 and sleeve 5.The interior profile and the outline of sleeve are off-centre operations, and the axis of motor and cutter do not overlap yet, so by adjusting the distance that just can adjust frame axis and tool axis that relatively rotates of air motor and sleeve, thereby adjustment radial deflection distance.Revolution is to connect firmly by electric rotating machine inner ring and sleeve 5, and the electric rotating machine that the outer ring of electric rotating machine and frame connect firmly is realized.When revolution, air motor and sleeve 5 connect firmly by electromagnetic brake device 11, because cutter and air motor 9 decentraction so the axis 17 of cutter can rotate along the axis 18 of frame, are finished revolution.
The realization of rotation system has two approach.Approach one: pneumatic mode.Adopt air motor, air motor market is on sale, and the air motor structure mainly comprises: inlet valve, air motor, air bag, air compressor machine, overflow valve, flow control valve.Wherein air compressor machine, overflow valve, flow control valve are external.Air compressor machine is used for producing gases at high pressure.Overflow valve is used to regulate the pressure of air compressor machine output, and flow control valve is used to regulate the flow that enters motor.Torque is relevant with pressure, and rotating speed is relevant with flow.A kind of pressure-control valve of overflow valve.In pneumatic compression devices, mainly play level pressure overflow effect and safeguard protection effect.Flow control valve is under the certain pressure difference, relies on the size that changes the resistance of restriction liquid to come the flow of control orifice, thereby regulates the valve body of executive component (hydraulic cylinder or hydraulic motor) movement velocity.Air motor is the device that gases at high pressure is converted into mechanical energy, and the purpose of air bag 10 is to reduce noise.Approach two: electronic mode, realized by electric main shaft.The electricity main shaft is on sale in market.The electricity main shaft is the abbreviation of " Fast frequency spindle ", it is the contraction in length of Machine Tool Main Drive chain zero as a kind of high-tech product of electromechanical integration, realized " zero transmission " of lathe, had compact conformation, mechanical efficiency height, can obtain high speed of gyration, rotating accuracy height, advantage such as noise is low, vibration is little.The electricity main shaft is not formed by having outer shell motor, main shaft, bearing, main axle unit housing, driver module and cooling device etc.The contrast dual mode: pneumatic benefit is that compact conformation, locus are little, cost is low, simple to operate, but noise is arranged, rotating accuracy is a little low relatively, electricity main shaft benefit is the mechanical efficiency height, can obtain high speed of gyration, rotating accuracy height, noise are low, be more conducive to automatic control, vibration is little, but the locus is big, the cost height.
Radial offset mechanism is to realize by relatively rotating of sleeve 5 and air motor.When system works, the radial deflection amount is constant, and promptly sleeve and air motor do not relatively rotate, and the present invention realizes connecting firmly of sleeve and air motor by an electromagnetic brake device.Finish with a stepper motor and rotatablely move.Also can buy the integrated products of stepper motor and electromagnetic brake device in producer.Among the figure as shown in Figure 4, O 1The center of circle that is the sleeve outline also is the center of circle of frame; O 2Be the center of circle of profile in the sleeve, because relation, O are installed 2It also is the center of starter; O 3It is the axis of cutter.Hence one can see that O 1O 2Be the eccentric throw of sleeve, O 2O 3The eccentric throw of air motor.During revolution, sleeve is around O 1Rotate, so O 1Being the axle center of revolution, also is the center of machining hole simultaneously; And air motor is around O 3So rotation is O 1O 3Be the radial deflection distance of cutter, and the radius in the hole of processing is O 1O 3With the tool radius sum.Adjust O 1O 3Distance just can adjust the diameter in hole to be processed.The method that realizes is the rotation of air motor in sleeve.O just 3Around O 1Rotate.If the radial deflection distance is L, following relation is arranged so:
O 1O 2+O 2O 3≤L≤|O 1O 2-O 2O 3|
Electromagnetic brake device 11 markets are on sale is a kind of cut off the power supply the brake device, operation principle as shown in Figure 5: coil 11-1 is housed in the stator case, and this coil is the copper cash that scribbles synthetic resin.When electric current flows through coil, when electric current flows through coil, can produce magnetic field, under the graviational interaction in magnetic field, armature 11-2 can move towards friction facing, so braking torque is passed to output rotor 11-3.The output shaft that output rotor drives cover stepper motor thereon rotates, thereby the shell that drives drive unit 9 rotates.And after outage, flexure strip can retract armature its home position, and output rotor is locked, realizes the output shaft braking of stepper motor, thereby the shell of drive unit 9 is stopped operating.Can guarantee that like this axis of drive unit 9 can not move under machining state, guarantee the processing diameter in hole.General motor all is continuous rotation, rotates step by step and stepping is electronic, so be stepping motor.Pulse signal of every input, this motor just turns over certain angle.Therefore stepping motor is a kind of executive component that pulse is become angle displacement.The rotor of stepping motor is multipole distribution, is embedded with the control winding of heterogeneous Y-connection on the stator, by special power supply input electric impulse signal, and pulse signal of every input, the rotor of stepping motor just takes a step forward.Because input is pulse signal, the angular displacement of output is interrupted.After given definite radial deflection amount, just can calculate the angle that relatively rotates of sleeve and air motor, and then give the corresponding signal of stepper motor, can finish radial deflection.
The revolution system is realized by an electric rotating machine.Electric rotating machine is made up of an elementary ring and second ring.Elementary ring comprises that coil system, second ring be made up of permanent magnet systems.After elementary energising, electromagnetic force shows as corresponding torque in the effect on secondary.This motor mechanism compactness, axial design is brief.The revolution system has utilized the characteristic of the big inner hollow diameter of such motor, and inner ring connects firmly on sleeve, and the outer ring connects firmly on frame, has realized revolution.

Claims (3)

1. automatic spiral hole-milling unit, it comprises cutter rotation system, the radial deflection system, the revolution system, it is characterized in that: it also comprises a sleeve with endoporus, the axis of the axis of the endoporus of described sleeve and the excircle of described sleeve is provided with for biasing, outside described sleeve, be connected with frame by bearing, described cutter rotation system comprises the drive unit with barrel shrond, described drive unit is arranged in the described sleeve endoporus rotationally by bearing, the output shaft of described drive unit links to each other with a jig that accompanies cutter, the axis bias setting of the output shaft of described drive unit and the shell of drive unit, described radial deflection system comprises a stepper motor with electromagnetic brake device, the flange of stepper motor and described sleeve are fixedly linked and the shell coaxial line of its output shaft and described drive unit is fixedly linked, described revolution system comprises electric rotating machine, and the inner ring of described electric rotating machine connects firmly on sleeve, the outer ring connects firmly on frame.
2. automatic spiral hole-milling unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described drive unit is an air motor.
3. automatic spiral hole-milling unit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described drive unit is electric main shaft.
CN2009103060268A 2009-08-25 2009-08-25 Automatic spiral hole-milling unit Expired - Fee Related CN101633060B (en)

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CN102049555B (en) * 2011-01-14 2012-05-30 天津大学 Spiral hole milling unit
CN102145405B (en) * 2011-02-16 2012-11-21 南京航空航天大学 Differential screw hole-making device and method
CN102139388B (en) * 2011-04-08 2012-07-25 南京航空航天大学 Helical hole-milling device and method based on numerical control machine
CN102699395B (en) * 2012-05-15 2015-05-20 上海飞机制造有限公司 Helical milling device
CN102689040B (en) * 2012-05-15 2015-02-11 上海飞机制造有限公司 Hole helical milling device
CN102658391A (en) * 2012-05-18 2012-09-12 大连理工大学 Spiral hole milling device
CN102699403B (en) * 2012-06-21 2014-03-12 天津大学 Automatic spiral hole milling device
CN103192125B (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-11-12 大连理工大学 Portable spiral hole milling device and machining method
CN103659403B (en) * 2013-11-25 2016-01-20 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 The punching device in on-line tuning drilling aperture
CN103949702B (en) * 2014-04-25 2016-04-06 中国航空工业集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 The punching device of offset machinery orthogonal on-line tuning track
CN104117719B (en) * 2014-07-14 2016-09-07 大连交通大学 A kind of helical milling device
CN104526031B (en) * 2014-12-25 2017-08-25 沈阳理工大学 A kind of tooling system of turn-milling cutting large-diameter pipe endoporus
CN106926050A (en) * 2015-12-30 2017-07-07 核动力运行研究所 A kind of waste scrap device killed for bolt
CN108356622B (en) * 2018-02-22 2021-03-16 山东大学 Variable-diameter inner hole grinding device mounted on milling machine spindle and machining method
CN111408773B (en) * 2020-04-17 2022-09-02 哈尔滨创沃铭机电科技有限公司 Inclination angle eccentric composite hole milling device and working method
CN111390251B (en) * 2020-04-17 2021-08-06 哈尔滨创沃铭机电科技有限公司 Inclination angle eccentric integrated precise hole milling device and hole milling method

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