CN101631915B - Zero height roof - Google Patents

Abstract

A zero height roof including tension members drawn tight over an arched strip or parcel af land, the tension members being cable like truss means pulled tight between stay means and upon which is secured batons means which are then clad with roof sheeting or tile means.

Description

The zero elevation roof

Technical field

Manual of the present invention relates to a device for collecting rain water.Especially, this manual relates to the roof system of a collection rainwater.

Background technology

The mankind face the water shortage in global many places.The deslination cost is high, power consumption is big.The roof of local-style dwelling houses, commerce, government's structure is used to collect and falls within condensing of these building envelopes.Usually said, the roof of building is used for this purpose mostly.The building structure that many forms are arranged is along with the time develops, and its outside layer of carrying out is generally pottery, cement, stone, metal, plastics, fabric or timber.The combination of use two or multiple these materials in some illustrations.Building is upright usually, thereby the roof is on the building floor that is suitable for transporting article in the building.Other form of the band top building of people's exploitation comprises greenhouse etc., is the plant and the domestic animal of bare area to hide the floor.These known building roofs are three-dimensional lids, this space be positioned under the roof, the space of the main at least article of building.Known building is rigidity mostly, if there is the people to wish to make extensive building, exists that the soil moves under bright problem and thermal expansion and the building, because the expansion system difference can cause the building distortion, thereby causes roof and building failure.For overcoming the problems referred to above, construction personnel tends to create hard huge ground, minimum distortion, and building is big more, pay close attention to distortion, out-of-limit construction scope more.Trial is caught the ancient prior art of rainwater and may be found in Spain, and it relates to the patch block that forms the carg in the mountain valley of reservoir or hole in the ground at ground.Consequent gathering system is difficult, and is unplanned, even expensive and in very small-scale arduous construction.This invention provides a large amount of solutions for the problems referred to above, and it provides a relatively cheap band roof structure, and can deal with great distortion because ground motion and thermostimulation.

Summary of the invention

We have invented a kind of zero elevation roof, and it can expand at an easy rate and cover very large land area, creates a rainwater harvesting dirt-cheap.Weight downward power in roof is not born by holder device (as fully) fully, and the tension force truss of prior art equipment depends on the ground supports thing of ground or installation.Between roofing film or obedient brick and following ground, a little gap is arranged.

The zero elevation roof is a tension element, and ground covers water collection system.Tension element is cable, electric wire or chain preferably, and it is suitable for withdrawing from by being fixed between holder device on the ground.The roof undercarriage is formed by a plurality of elements of straining between holder device.Preferably tension element setting parallel to each other, and withdraw from protruding or the face of digging earth with the snout.

Zero elevation roof in the preferred embodiment meets tension to a great extent and the soil is installed basically, therefore is different from the purpose and the function of prior art greatly.Therefore volume under the zero elevation roof has been full of the land area that it covered to small part.The zero elevation roof covers on arch or the protruding soil at it and strains, and influences the landholding in house." building " roof is ground down, and its content is ground.

In many aspects, truss of the present invention is formed on the ground net that it is laid with taking over the baton.Net itself meets its down shape in soil, because its position face shape tightly, meets the pin of its covering of straining just as a tension elastic stocking.Certainly, in view of this is invented as can be seen, in order to make net tension with the paddy that meets ground or hollow, the part net must be by being contained in it paddy or hollow to guarantee to enter hollow, so that paddy that it meets or hollow shape, and comprise the truss storing apparatus that is fixed in ground according to this invention of broad form, and can limit truss in this place, thus with truss at the low height on paddy or surface, cavity relatively.Each truss is the elongate member of edge axis elongation separately.Each device of taking over the baton is an elongate member, and it is along separately axis elongation and with the horizontal direction of its truss longitudinal axis that is installed on relatively.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zero elevation roof is the tension force truss, the water collection system that ground covers.The tension force truss is an elongate member along axis elongation, is cable, the electric wire or chain that preferably is adapted to by being fixed on tensioner tension between holder device on the ground.The roof undercarriage is formed by a plurality of truss of straining between holder device.Preferably tension force truss setting parallel to each other, and on protruding or the face of digging earth with the snout, strain.The device of taking over the baton is fixed in the tension force truss, and roofing film or patch block are installed on the device of taking over the baton.Between tension force truss and ground, can comprise bracing or strutting arrangement.Between tension force truss and ground, can comprise bracing or strutting arrangement.Comprise bracing or strutting arrangement between device and roofing film/patch block taking over the baton.Each single tension force truss is held by the storing apparatus that connects holder device or contiguous its end.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the zero elevation roof is the tension force truss, and the tension force ground of taking over the baton covers water collection system.The tension force truss is an elongate member along axis elongation, is cable, the electric wire or chain that preferably is adapted to by being fixed on tensioner tension between holder device on the ground.The roof undercarriage is formed by a plurality of truss of straining between holder device.Preferably tension force truss setting parallel to each other, and on protruding or the face of digging earth with the snout, strain.The tension force of straining between the holder device device of taking over the baton is fixed in the tension force truss, and roofing film or patch block are installed on the tension force device of taking over the baton.Each tension force is taken over the baton device along each elongate axis.Between tension force truss and ground, can comprise bracing or strutting arrangement.Take over the baton at tension force truss and tension force and can comprise bracing or strutting arrangement between device.Take over the baton at tension force and to comprise bracing or strutting arrangement between device and roofing film/patch block.Each single tension force truss is held by the storing apparatus that connects holder device or contiguous its end.Preferably, each single tension force device of taking over the baton is held by the storing apparatus that connects holder device or contiguous its end.Preferably, the tension force truss longitudinal axis extends in the lateral angle direction with respect to the device longitudinal axis of taking over the baton.

In another embodiment of the present invention, at least one truss is above the ground level by rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement, thereby has a little spacing between truss and ground.

The economic basic principle of building the zero elevation roof is very simple, and for example, in Australia, average yearly rainfall is equivalent to 0.4GL (gigalitre) for about 400 millimeters.

The annual evaporation rate in per 100 hectares of soils may surpass average annual amount of precipitation significantly.May be equivalent to per 100 hectares of 0.004GL and run off less than 1% in many local rainfall turnover rates.In this environment, 100 hectares of zero elevation roofs can produce the place that 10,000 similar multithread are lost.If consider basin, Sydney, as can be seen, in historical record, be equivalent to every square kilometre of 1.3GL or 100 hectares of every year its average about 1300 millimeters every year, and every kilolitre selling price is 3 Australian Dollars, is equivalent to annual income 3,900,000 Australian Dollars.5000 hectares of soils will produce about 65GL every year, be equivalent to 25.35 thousand ten thousand Australian Dollar incomes.With the current price in 2007/8 year, every square metre of about 40.00 Australian Dollar can be built in the zero elevation roof that we estimate, and every square kilometre or 100 hectares has 1,000,000 square metre.5000 hectares of zero elevation roofs will cost and surpass 20.00 hundred million Australian Dollars, and will return average about 14% capital cost, and this is abundant to financial service expense and functional expenses, returns zero elevation roof owner's slim profit simultaneously.The more important thing is that the zero elevation roof compares more competitive than the measure of desalinization and other suggestions.The invention benefit becomes obviously, and is different with desalinization when it is believed that, the zero elevation roof does not need a lasting energy sources to produce water, and it is just collected from falling rainwater in the air.Because different with the building of routine, compare than traditional building method, under the roof, there are huge cost savings.

Preferably arch upward as rainbow in the ground of tensioning of the present invention.Ground can in geomorphology, arch upward naturally or can by cutter sweep be cut into the landform shape, maybe material can be added to form in the arch.Preferably cutter sweep is the machine cutter sweep, but it is envisaged that, animal or human's power apparatus may be used to do this work.The best way is that the machine cutter sweep is laser-guided.Best, the invention producing method is as follows: take the soil with length and width, allow the length greater than width, like this in top view, the plot is a rectangle, allow the ground be that above-mentioned arch and arch are extended and striden the plot width, allow support place the broad edge in contiguous plot, allow the tension force truss place and surpass the plot width, allow truss tensioning and support between support keep tension force, allowing takes over the baton is provided with and adjoins truss, allows the roofing film be installed to truss then, allows at least one tank collect at least one broad edge flow by the height roof.In other were provided with, truss can be held ground high by rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement.Rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement is to be sandwiched in

Following truss and ground or be installed on or between the installation pad on ground.The present invention also is suitable for covering the ground of fluctuating, also is the ground that is suitable for covering the gradient.As previously mentioned, might add material, to form the arch of roof tensioning in above ground portion.In other embodiment of the present invention, the bag apparatus of Yi Qu forms and is arranged on the ground.Tension element is tightened in partially filled at least bag apparatus.Bag apparatus is ground proximity when partially filled at least, forms the end face of its arch.Best, bag apparatus has been full of gas and/or liquid, yet it is envisaged that, and solid also can be used for filling the volume of bag apparatus.In of the present invention another changed, bag apparatus also may be filled full curing or be provided with and be waited material, thereby formed arch is not for there being the solid of bending fully.Use the advantage of capsule means formation arch to be, the small out-of-flatness of soil landform can smoothly or compensate below, and the upper surface of capsule is not subjected to irregular interference like this.Other advantage in another embodiment is that bag apparatus can be adapted to the tension force of roof tension element.The bag apparatus that tension element is fixed in holder device and is filled under tension element by retaining element or storing apparatus rises like this that the frame tension element exceeds and and is butted on the end of retaining element with holder device.Bag apparatus may comprise at least one upper surface and at least one soffit.Best, the easy song of the upper surface of bag apparatus.Best, the easy song of the soffit of arch.It is envisaged that bag apparatus is filled with liquid or gas, solid is clamp-oned the internal volume of bag apparatus then, to alleviate the Yi Quxing of capsule.Best bag apparatus can be formed by any suitable material, but is not limited to following material: metal, plastics, Merlon, cellulose, rubber.In another changed, bag apparatus can be filled by the rigid foam class, and its function is to fill up surfboard etc.As a kind of possible alternative, forming the capsule that separates with the roof is to use roofing film or patch block device as the upper surface of capsule, with the soffit of ground as capsule.This is filled formed capsule, so that the tension element on pumping roof enters the tension force to support element.In another embodiment of the present invention, the roof uses the roofing film apparatus to form, and it forms the upper surface of capsule, and preferably ground is the soffit of capsule.The two ends, roof are supported by holder device, and the volume under the roof is by filled with material at least, and rises the frame roof to its shape that arches upward.Holder device is used to arch upward with pumping roof earthward.For the bag apparatus that fills up of the present invention, the task that some materials can be used for forming.

Especially preferred packing material be vermiculite as foam, it may be difficult to determine, because it is used in the heat protection of the structural member of routine building thing.Yet best, capsule can be used for forming the suitable profile shapes on tensioning roof, and capsule is the self-supporting unit of a kind of undercarriage and roof membranes cloth or roof patch block.If the upper strata of the promising easy bent element of type of bag apparatus and be bottom or its upper strata on following ground, then preferably, tension element can mobile independently bag apparatus, so that the expansion and the contraction on chassis may take place.

The zero elevation roof preferably with non-porous composite roof cladding, as metal, plastics, polycarbonate film or fiber cement.Because in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ground under the roof is that the rainfall thing is cut off rainfall activity blocking-up, under some situation on ground under the roof, and the dry most probably and contraction of light shield.For overcoming this this, we are invention water introducing device.Therefore, the present invention can comprise the water introducing device that is positioned at the roof surface below, makes a certain amount of water may be added to undersurface of roof, thus the possibility of payment because of excessively becoming dry and shrink.The water introducing device may be the ground that water leaks into undersurface of roof, or in a preferred embodiment, the product of drawing-in system can be positioned under the face of land, introduces so on the ground away from zero elevation roof upper surface.In order to measure the ground water yield under the zero elevation roof, might comprise the hydrographic survey device.The form of measurement mechanism can be water sensitive probe, and this water sensitive probe can be located at the ground under ground under the roof and/or the roof.The bottom, roof can comprise measures temperature probe, hydrologic condition even sunlight, to report the destruction of any upper surface.Small size under the roof may be the habitat of some animal, insect, plant, and for controlling this environment, the floor treatment that may need or scribble at least one material uses volume as the habitat to prevent.Zero elevation roof side may need arrest or fill up, and life form is passed through under the roof or restriction uses the roof as refuge to limit.

Being used for sub-truss apart from ground one small distance if rise frame and bracing or strutting arrangement, explaining in that the present invention is special, may be that fixed shape or size maybe may be that to rise frame be that spring material forms, and like this may the tensioning truss be used for support to it and holds ground high.The frame that rises of the present invention may be the after image element in certain embodiments, otherwise in other embodiments, it may be channel type element.The function that rises frame can be sub-truss and exceeds the face of land, at a setting height or a variable height.Lifting appliance and can be assured ground, also can be to be sitting in requirement on the ground.Rise rack device and can be fixed in ground, also can be sitting on request on the ground.

Support tensioner of the present invention can be hand adjustable tension device or hydraulic pressure or magnetic field or any other setting, makes truss can be the abundant tensioning of purpose.The ability that may comprise mechanical stretching at tensioning apparatus.Tensioner may comprise the ability of mechanical stretching.In another embodiment of the present invention, tensioner can be included in the truss of the present invention.The truss of invention may comprise that at least one passes end, and it can or insert in the holder device by an aperture, and truss can be tightened up between holder device.Therefore obviously, if require at least one truss of the present invention may comprise that device is to tighten up the truss between the holder device.

Holder device of the present invention can be suitable for resting on the truss of at least one invention.This is best, and each holder device limits at least one truss.In another embodiment, holder device may suppress a more than truss.Tensioner can preset or also can be dynamic, so that structure can be dealt with thermal expansion problem or wind condition.

The truss of invention may be a rope lengths or or electric wire or cable or chain, the truss of invention is by above-mentioned listed in conjunction with forming.The material that forms truss may be formed by the organic or inorganic material.This may be the glass fiber of establishment or the example of carbon fiber.For example, may be to form by glass fiber or carbon fiber.The truss feature that may comprise the retaining element handle or the system that takes over the baton is installed on it of the present invention.Retaining element handle or feature may invest truss by any feasible device.Retaining element handle or feature may hang over or bonding or welding or formed by truss material.First-selected, truss is of the present invention to be different units, but in another embodiment, an above truss is formed by truss material length.

Tension element or the non-tension element that can be the roof of the present invention of taking over the baton.In another embodiment of the present invention, the truss of the present invention and the tensioning between each is to holder device of taking over the baton.Of the present invention taking over the baton can comprise the location feature that engages with truss of the present invention.Of the present invention taking over the baton can comprise the location feature that engages with truss of the present invention.

Roof membranes cloth of the present invention or patch block can comprise that location feature roof membranes cloth or patch block that truss at least one and of the present invention engaged or be installed on truss of the present invention preferably do not have the hole fully, and water is by it like this.

As previously mentioned, in some embodiments, be preferably incorporated at least one support component between the ground that truss and truss tighten up.Bracing or strutting arrangement comprises and invests or be connected in truss securely that its support or its can comprise at least one telecontrol equipment, allow truss to move with respect to bracing or strutting arrangement and ground along its longitudinal axis.Best, telecontrol equipment may comprise that at least one is set up in the rolling bearing of truss.Described rolling bearing is a loading bearing element, and truss is a railway that wheel carried that is similar to by rolling bearing like this.In other were provided with, bracing or strutting arrangement may comprise having a sliding bearing surface at least, was suitable for the truss that carried on it, so that truss can be moved relative to bracing or strutting arrangement.Slide plane is the loading bearing surface of a transportation truss.Slide plane allows truss to move relative to bracing or strutting arrangement and ground along the longitudinal axis.Truss has and has a surface at least by rolling bearing or slide plane carrying.By comprise invent in telecontrol equipment be in relation to bracing or strutting arrangement, thermal expansion and convergent force and motion sample mutually are in relation to bracing or strutting arrangement, can satisfy to avoid side effect mode unnecessary on bracing or strutting arrangement at truss.. truss is tensioning, and truss is with the stretching, extension or the contraction of hot and cold like this, and truss can move along its axle relative to bracing or strutting arrangement, because be that truss is along its axis tension.In another embodiment of the present invention, truss can comprise rolling bearing and slide plane arrangement, and it can be reached by bracing or strutting arrangement.Bracing or strutting arrangement comprises at least one surface, and the slide plane arrangement of rolling bearing or truss thereon can relatively move.In another is further arranged, roll or the slide plane device may be included between truss and ground or the support component, make truss expand owing to thermostimulation with contraction process in move along its longitudinal axis.Consider to allow truss, we can say that helpful during roof that telecontrol equipment can be set up initial assistance, roof truss is to stride across telecontrol equipment and move along axle in assembling along the imagination that its axis moves.It is also imagined, and truss can be fixed in and support or telecontrol equipment, and truss is limited to respect to bracing or strutting arrangement or telecontrol equipment and only has one-movement-freedom-degree along the truss longitudinal axis like this.In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, truss can promptly move along at least one axle again along its axis, and the truss longitudinal axis is cross-section relatively.The zero elevation roof covers 5 square kilometres, for example, may enlarge and shrink many millimeters owing to the truss material thermostimulation.By allowing truss to move along its longitudinal axis relative to ground

And actual cross-section with respect to its longitudinal axis, telecontrol equipment that truss can be taken or bracing or strutting arrangement, thus avoid excessive and potential harmful truss and the bracing or strutting arrangement of being carried on of destructiveness.

The zero elevation roof can utilize conventional roof membranes cloth to invest the device of taking over the baton, and cable joist body system is tightened in ground, is preferably preserved tension force by tensioner.In some embodiments of the invention, use and rise frame system, wherein the cable trussing is kept above ground, has a little space like this between the truss and the face of land.In preferred forms of the present invention, it is Yi Qu that the truss and the edge of taking over the baton increase its length direction, because truss uses the dynamic tension device to strain between holder device at least, the soil that structure can be taken, its be installed on or more than, if it moves, also adapt to thermal expansion and the convergent force result from the roof.This is a very big invention with respect to prior art, and house device Relative Zero height roof is more stiff and inflexible and can not have great soil to move.

The preferred forms of this invention is to use cable to form set netted truss system, and this cable is strained on the land area of mountain or massif shape like this.Best, truss is parallel to each other, overlapping and be affixed on and take over the baton, and it invests truss by accessories apparatus.Truss is the tensioner tension in advance, and they strain above ground contour like this.Roofing film or patch block invest takes over the baton.Preferably, taking over the baton is arranged on the upper surface of truss, but but may partly be arranged under the soffit of truss in many examples.In another embodiment, truss itself may also be installed by patch block or film.Composition such as film or patch block preferably, they rise and fall or smooth like this, though always unfeasible.Preferably each truss uses the tension of adjustable tension device.Best adjustment at present is automatic or manual naturally.Truss can be coated material or multilayer material, and this truss prevents environmental injury like this, in some cases, if desired, in the specific embodiment limitation, dresses the wearing and tearing that prevent the soil that can highly rub.In other were provided with, truss can be arranged to the channel type and rise frame/bracing or strutting arrangement to obtain truss.Channel has inner surface and external surface, wherein, and external surface or contact with the face of land to the small part external surface.Channel or bracing or strutting arrangement are clipped between cable and the ground.This channel can be formed by any suitable any material or material group, though plastics or metal are first-selected.Rise frame/supports and to be the U type and flat or any suitable shape is arranged, can disperse load like this by tension force cable ground to the channel.The channel lower surface is best is flat or has flat, though other surface configuration is imagined.Rising the frame channel can or have only partial-length to prolong along the whole length of truss, and the imagination truss can be held high in the face of land by one or more frame/bracing or strutting arrangement channels that rise.

In preferred forms of the present invention, truss is tightened in the arch area on ground, and it may be that nature forms or will be cut by installations.Best, each truss is a unit until itself, but imagination, cable is used for forming one or more trussings.Best, the formed truss of cable is formed by wire, but it is envisaged that, if other materials can use when needed.But the formation metal of truss or glass fiber or carbon fiber or any suitable material or combined material.The formation that the system that takes over the baton is possible can be included but not limited to timber, metal, carbon fiber, plastics etc. by the material of any material or combined and instant.But the take over the baton line or rod or rod that are used for system form.Take over the baton and can be cable.Taking over the baton can be flexible along its longitudinal axis.Taking over the baton can be by the tensioning of tensioner institute.Tensioner can be included in and take over the baton or be used for the holder device that tensioning is taken over the baton with being connected in.Truss can be formed at or comprise one or more cables or Connection Element and take over the baton and can be formed at or comprise one or more cables or Connection Element

The zero elevation roof can be used as a platform, is solar heat geyser collecting system.Roof membranes of the present invention may comprise the solar heat heating system.Roof membranes of the present invention is near ground, can be used as heat-insulation blanket catch undersurface of roof heat can, it collects heat by the gathering-device that comprises the fluid thermal gathering-device.Ground may be coated or do other processing with material under the zero elevation roof, and it can absorb steam, and do not perspire in the bottom on roof like this.Ground under the zero elevation roof can be handled, and its pH value is reached do not form highly basic or highly acid level, and this roof structure or part roof structure do not corrode because or kiss the earth or owing to perspire because of alkalescence or acid condensation.The ground that the zero elevation roof is laid down can be handled, and prevents the insect pest that at least one comprises insect or insect or plant pest like this.The insect check and correction may be added to the edge on the following of roof area and/or zero elevation roof.

The purpose of this invention is to be used in particular for providing water to the riverbank system, and it is arid or underfed especially.For example, and probably continued experience in Australian Mu Lei and Da Lin river and reduced current, because arid and over-allocation irrigation license.Therefore, the present invention comprises increasing these and other river systems of the present invention in another preferred forms.An alternative embodiment of the invention comprise set up at least one zero elevation roof around Sydney, AUS and is connected its by plumbing installation to the sweet crust dam of vara or directly by plumbing installation or by at least one intermediate storage dam device of pipeline then by plumbing installation to the sweet crust dam of vara because the sweet crust dam of vara by scope top extremely horizontal a large amount of rainfalls may to utilize rainwater be the energy-consuming generation.This system, this is that position in the scope of zero elevation roofing and plumbing installation and generation device and top, zero elevation roof can be used as basin, Sydney and surrounding area emergency service.Pipeline also can be used for being gone up a hill by the water transfer of the sweet crust dam of vara, makes the green energy resource producer have the device that can be used for storing electric power, and this is the pumped storage device.

The area in some Queensland state Australia and corner, northeast, the Far East is the area of very high amount of precipitation, in fact in these two countries some local amount of precipitations that obtain the annual 2000mm of surpassing is arranged, and has even obtains annual above 5000mm in these two local countries.It is envisaged that rainwater may be by zero elevation roof results, in one of these fields at least, best is the connecting pipe system, like this with rainwater by above-mentioned area to the water-deficient area water delivery.People are consistent to be worried, send water may bring the life form of harm drought environment in the arid area towards periphery by the torrid areas.Said life form does not come from drought environment, the hypothesis because the competitiveness imbalance of environment may do great damage.The zero elevation roof overcomes the development of this situation greatly, because like this as the fact of tackling rainfall before contacting with tropical view.Anti-sealing contact soil, zero elevation roof, plumbing installation guarantee that further it does not still get in touch with environment.For example in Nothern Kungu Opera Silan far away, receive 8000mm rainfall some local every year, and the amount of precipitation of annual 8GL will be on average received on one square kilometre of zero elevation roof.Therefore 100 square kilometres of size zero elevation roofs will can gather in the crops annual 800GL, will spend about 5,000,000,000 Australian Dollars with our estimation of present price.To these numerals, zero elevation roof owner can sell the every kilolitre of being gathered in the crops of water 1.00 Australian Dollars and still take in for 800,000,000.00 Australian Dollar every half a year.For example, desalination plants if can be produced 800GL drinking water every year, and the cost that is several times as much as the zero elevation roof will be arranged.The desalting process prior, that desalinization needs continual energy consumption to drive must be checked by customer or the boss of seawater desalting plant thereby continue operation cost significantly.Invention is to break away from this expense, therefore obviously, is huge by the present invention to the mankind's service.

In many cases, may be that a suitable place is used to build the present invention, the height above sea level of the great final outlet of relative duct size system will be located at, be used for pumping fall the roof or or storage device not, therefore be feasible under these situations, use from the outlet of the mouth of pipe and fall the generating of driving electric power turbine apparatus.Therefore as can be seen, the zero elevation roof may be the contributor of energy reserves in many cases, rather than its user, just belongs to the desalination of this situation, even the thing ground arrangement of drawing water for this reason

The present invention comprises with the zero elevation roof in another form and covers the hollow or paddy in ground, and the hollow or paddy in ground is generally arch.In this embodiment, along each longitudinal axis tension, truss is intermittently distributed along each truss warp by the frame that rises that is fixed in ground near ground roof truss by tensioner.This truss is installed on the top of taking over the baton by take over the baton device and patch block or film apparatus.In an embodiment of the present invention, wherein, the roof comprises having a recessed roof parts at least, and is best, roof membranes or patch block high reflectance, make and drop on the reflecting surface sunshine and can concentrate in the gathering-device.It is last that gathering-device is arranged at from the roof suitable concentrated distance.

In another embodiment, the present invention adapts to meet the soil of fluctuating, makes the zero elevation roof comprise at least one protruding arch and at least one recessed arch.

In other embodiments, the present invention includes tension force and take over the baton, it is mounted between the holder device of non-tension force truss device being suitable for.Tension force is taken over the baton along axis elongation, and bearing of trend is the longitudinal axis transverse to truss.But we it must be understood that, when we talked about the truss axle or take over the baton the element axle, in some embodiment of invention, truss and/or take over the baton not directly because their continuity strides across arch or around arch, made that axle is not straight separately.Take over the baton and install by tile or patch block.Comprise bracing or strutting arrangement at least No. one time between may and taking over the baton at truss separately.Non-tension force truss can be arranged at ground or can support/be risen rack device and be held high ground one small distance by the truss rise.

In another embodiment of the present invention, truss is the tension force truss of tight tensioning between holder device.Taking over the baton is adapted to be mounted within the bottom of truss, extends along axis elongation and in the angle transverse to the truss longitudinal axis.Roof membranes or patch block are positioned at truss and the top of taking over the baton, and invest the device of taking over the baton by accessories apparatus.Best, truss lifts the little distance that is above the ground level by the device of taking over the baton, and the device of taking over the baton is as the bracing or strutting arrangement of truss with respect to ground.

Preferably, truss is cable or similar easy bent element or gathering element, therefore can be equipped with aperture or similar device or be adjacent to its end, and aperture or similar device can be by institute's arch trestle device assemblings like this.It is envisaged that tension force truss of the present invention or tension force are taken over the baton (taking over the baton if comprise tension force) may the tensioning by holding its end, and the tensioning by holding the opposite direction in end.But, may be at the truss of other arrangements or the device of taking over the baton by holder device along truss or the device of taking over the baton tension, make at least one holder device be positioned at truss two ends and at least one holder device the truss end go strain truss between rack device.

In another embodiment of the present invention, truss can be held ground high by at least one bracing or strutting arrangement, and bracing or strutting arrangement may be the form of channel, and roof membranes or patch block may invest bracing or strutting arrangement, and bracing or strutting arrangement extends along the axle that is parallel to the truss longitudinal axis fully.

Preferably in another embodiment of the present invention, cable or easily bent element constitutes truss or relay baton will scribble the protective materials of one deck at least, protect like this truss surface at least the part crust help to help structure longevity.Its purpose is that this invention is a kind of very long infrastructure in application life that has.

In various forms of the present invention, best roof membranes or patch block invest undercarriage, do not appeal to the attachment means that thrusts roof membranes.This is not compulsory.In fact preferably in some cases, this roof membranes or patch block are attached on the suitable undercarriage element by thrusting attachment means.May comprise that bracing or strutting arrangement is in the relative lower surface of roof membranes with take over the baton and extend between device.Bracing or strutting arrangement may be an intermediary element or be arranged at film and the element between device of taking over the baton.

The superset drainage facility may comprise one or more zero elevations roof.Among the special first-selected embodiment, the super facility that catchments includes at least two zero elevation roofs, is rectangle and is parallel to each other by top view.Rainwater was tackled on the zero elevation roof before dropping on ground, may need the water surface to fish for to be provided with the back with storage to use, so we think to be preferably at least one storage device is set under the zero elevation roof.Preferably be positioned the underground under the roof or be lower than the zero elevation roof.Storage device may need people or machine to use, so its entrance can form by the extension of roof soil bottom by create aperture n or passage at the roof upper surface.We also imagine, and approach may need to extend to storage device from the roof boundary edge.In some cases, have necessary on the roof sub-fraction or the area under set up a working space, working space is lowered into ground.Imagination also, the roof may need to prevent directly contact thunderbolt, corresponding to invention, may comprise that electrode assembly by extending on the roof, tackles lightning before attacking the roof.In addition, for security reasons the roof may need land on the soil.Roof membranes or tile are used to form the roof that can form any suitable material.A kind of tendency thinks that roof membranes or tile are made of metal.This is desirable, and they are corrugated sheet.Yet preferably, at least some roof membranes or tile are solar energy heat collectors, and making the zero elevation roof is a kind of TRT and rain water collecting system.Best, embodiments of the invention comprise the photoelectric current gathering-device, solar heat heat collector and the rainwater function of collection from falling in the air.

Cyclone, Ya Weili and hurricane are the threats of building built-in air capacity, because the pressure reduction of built-in air capacity, ultralow local pressure can comprise the air outlet device that allows to evacuate rapidly air below film or the tile in the invention weather phenomenon.

So that they can not be under pressure and potential explosive roof destroys.May comprise a door gear, it is at roof surface and can open corresponding to the pressure under the required roof.

The patch block paddy of prior art or hollow being difficult to of ground form.Be not installed on the framework by the formed patch block device of rock chip/fragment, but cascade is piled up and is relied on friction to hold and be fixed on the position each other.The surperficial unpredictable water of fragment manufacturing is not tight, may not allow current under the surface, has proposed the problem that sizable reservoir corrodes and deposits.Fragment is easy to come off because of earthquake or ground motion, still exists to collapse and spoils threat.The undercarriage fixed film on zero elevation roof or patch block device are to avoid this problem.In the roof membranes on zero elevation roof and the shape of patch block is normal, and therefore building labour at the construction field (site) is also less.

Best, the land area of zero elevation roof system is rectangle and protruding shape.The zero elevation roof is a dog-cheap job practices, be characterized in that the best metal silk settled or fiber optic cables net or network system are at protruding arch top or pedal, at least some electric wires or optical fiber are arranged at least parallel protruding along the curve arc usually, like this wind suction that causes blowout by be to be tensioned to tension force or at least some enter tension force along arc is protruding by electric wire or cable.Electric wire or cable are adapted to any practicable place that is attached to the end of support or depends on demand.Roof membranes/patch block device may prevail, and for example, their morphology is fit to install and/or adjust.Mounting means can be formed by roof membranes/patch block device, if or want can be later on its interpolation.The zero elevation roof of another embodiment forms, and is adapted to cover the convex-concave surface joint like this.Even straight surface can utilize and depends on hope.

In general best: with soil, well-chosen hillside fields, obey the soil easily and form, have good clean cut soil texture and high quality of fiber ratio, it is low-down that risk and obstacle can keep.And surface, the soil that forms may grid coverage and/or cable system, the roof membranes of the high water-proof composite material of degree of installation/patch block device tightly on it.

Implement the first-selected method of this invention.Choose native ground surface soil, the best clay content of loam is low, the soil is inclined-plane or plane slightly, long and narrow its surface of shape forms arch then, in arcuate end portions tank is arranged, and dangle cable or homologue are in the length of arch, tension force is placed to take over the baton between support and is striden across trussing, be fixed in the cable truss tightly, taking over the baton invests roof membranes or patch block, is fixed thereon.Preferably, cable truss protective coating allows to be placed on ground or use rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement high-altitude.Addressing is vital, but relatively easy.The arch device is best result, and with respect to anti-lifting quality, adding it is a kind of common and soil nature shape.Certainly, this is a very simple version, but basic idea is like this.

For invention, be the tension element of roof membranes installation system generally, but being used to the system of taking over the baton also may be tension element unless the truss of eliminating is arranged in addition.The tension force and the element of taking over the baton are placed mutually at an angle, and they meet at right angles each other like this, and still, they can be optimal at sharp-pointed more or obtuse angle degree.This truss arranges just as them in the house or building, take over the baton arrange just as their often be provided with the same.Take over the baton to adapt to and be attached to/fixedly tension force truss members or intermediary element or interconnection device arrangement.In the protruding arch version of device, tension force truss device is arranged, truss compression underground.Best, tension element is in tensioning between the two stands device at least, to compact.Preferably tension element or matching element have position/fixed character.Preferably these features adhere to or are clamped in or be installed on tension element, make them can be used for the location and find system to take over the baton, with respect to understanding in the device of truss device separately.Best truss is the fiber of a band or sandwich or tatting or knitting or braiding or distortion or electric wire, bar, rod, pipe duct road chain, as long as it is that preferably it is more mar-proof, fire-resistant, corrosion-resistant transverse to the easy song of its longitudinal axis.Preferably metal tape or fiberglass fiber, or even extrusion structure.

One lateral edges on zero elevation roof may be tied lived or is pind down.Pin down pin or nail can prevent that edge one side on zero elevation roof from arrive earth heaving relatively, so can be used for required inventive embodiments.The contiguous any lateral edges of best tension element is better than those at the roof mid portion, so that they can assist additionally to pin the activity of roof side at high wind.

We often say ground, but we also comprise the upper surface in described soil, if it is the surface that replaces soil surface and roof tensioning or arrange.In addition, imagination, the face of land covers or covers to small part contains at least one layer material, to block ground by roof or its part undercarriage, so we comprise that the upper strata, ground is the purpose on the face of land.The variation of many gizmos is possible, reduces scope and spirit of the present invention but change should not be counted as.It is envisaged that the creationary embodiment of each side and integer can be exchanged or exchange from an embodiment and be invented another these scope that can not limit, and does not also have the spirit invention of infringement.As the implication of digital and object, function and corresponding drawing and we encourage the disclosure of reader's mixing and matching element and integration and any other embodiment invention of drawing to disclose.

Description of drawings

The brief description figure of Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-section.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view.

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-section.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view.

Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-section.

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view.

Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-section.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 10 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 11 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 12 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 13 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 14 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 15 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 16-the 22nd, schematic cross-section.

Figure 23 and 24 is schematic perspective views.

Figure 25 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 26 is a schematic perspective view.

Figure 27 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 28 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 29 and Figure 38 are schematic perspective view.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 40 is a schematic perspective view.

Figure 41 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 42 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 43 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 44 is a schematic perspective view.

Figure 45 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 46 and Figure 48 are schematic perspective view.

Figure 49 a, 49b and 49c are schematic perspective views.

Figure 50 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 51 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 52 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 53 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 54 is a schematic perspective view.

Figure 54 a, 54b and Figure 55 are schematic cross-sections.

Figure 55 a to 55d is a schematic perspective view.

Figure 56 and Figure 57 are schematic cross-sections.

Figure 58 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 59 is a schematic perspective view.

Figure 60 to Figure 62 is a schematic cross-section.

Figure 63 is the figure that takes photo by plane of map.

Figure 64 to 66 is schematic diagrames.

The specific embodiment

Fig. 1 is the schematic cross-section of the preferred embodiment of zero elevation Roof system 10, and wherein visual 1 is protruding arch.Shown in tension force truss 2i have holder device 3ai and 3bi, the tension force truss is striden protruding arch tension as can be seen.Truss 2i is fixed on and respectively holds 2ai and 2bi to holder device 3ai and 3bi.Be installed in the truss top and can see a series of 4a of taking over the baton, 4b, 4c, 4d, it is suitable for installing patch block or roof tile sheet device 5.As can be seen, the tension force truss is tightened up and strides protruding arch.As can be seen, in roof membranes and ground floor 11 1 on surfaces a small distance is arranged.As can be seen, provide gutter device 6 to catch and to guide current from roof surface 5.This is desirable, and this system comprises air evaporation device 18, and this air evaporation device 18 allows air break away from the roof under situations such as whirlwind or hurricane for the device 18 of the type of flow or pipeline sample has an inlet and an outlet.Detrainment device may comprise fan assembly, and drawing the air under the roof, so it can be not out-of-date or dangerous gas is set up.Detrainment device can be used for extracting malaria under the roof out, thereby condenses the building on 10 under the roof to greatest extent.This is desirable, comprises that truss pins device 8, can assist sub-truss to arcuate surface 1.Truss is pinned device and is fixed in truss by fastening devices 88, pins device arch earthward 11.It is envisaged that, rather than be connected to ground as shown in the figure that pinning the form that device may take is that if necessary, the enough sub-trusses of carrying capacity are downward.This fastening devices may be that a simple electric wire pins down, or some more complicated what are arranged.In order to ensure enough aquations of ground system under the roof, may on roof membranes/watt device, comprise at least one aperture, make water on roof membranes/watt device by and flow to ground under the roof.Aperture can be connected to plumbing installation if desired, and plumbing installation has the diffusion tip that locates below ground level, and makes water pass through aperture, is absorbed into apart from the soil of the face of land with next segment distance, thereby avoids the flowing water small stream to wash away the descending of Roof system.

Fig. 2 has shown the three-dimensional isometric drawing of zero elevation Roof system 10 as shown in Figure 1, wherein as can be seen, a plurality of truss 2i, 2ii, 22iii are arranged, take over the baton device 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d is installed on a plurality of truss by erecting device (figure does not show), is suitable for installing membrane roof device or patch block device 5 at the device of taking over the baton.As can be seen, holder device is positioned at or is adjacent to each truss two ends.As can be seen, holder device is positioned at every end of each truss, and it is fixed in ground 1, and they can resist the tension force of the truss longitudinal axis along the line like this.As can be seen, be provided with a water tank device 6 on the roof one end, introduce the reservoir (not shown) or enter an outlet at water tank device, water can flow into river or dam or customer/user like this.

Fig. 3 shows the sectional view of the various variations of the embodiment on zero elevation roof 10 as shown in figure Fig. 1 and 2, wherein as seen, support/rises the face of land that rack device 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d support high overtension truss 2i.As can be seen, ground 11 has protruding arcuate surface 1, support/rises rack device 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d are installed on the protruding arcuate surface 1.Truss 2i is fixed on the end 2ai and 2aii2I of holder device.Roof membranes or patch block device 5 are fixed on the device of taking over the baton by the fastening devices (not shown).Fig. 4 is the three-dimensional isometric drawing of the embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 3, as can be seen, a plurality of tension force truss 2i, 2ii, 2iii is arranged, and truss is fixed on the holder device.2i is between holder device 3ai and 3bi, and 2ii is between holder device 3aii and 3bii, and 2iii is between holder device 3aiii and 3biii.Down-hill end 43 on the arch roof is provided with a water tank device and 6.Up-hill end 44.Roof membranes or patch block device 5 (not shown)s invest the device (not shown) of taking over the baton by any suitable method by fastener.Support/rise rack device 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d and be positioned at the truss below, their sub-trusses exceed the surface 1 on ground 11 like this.The tensioner (not shown) is used to be provided with the tension force truss and is butted on holder device.Truss 2i, 2ii and 2iii arrange in parallel to each other.As can be seen, be elongate member at truss, they are all along separately elongate axis.This fact, truss are pulled through the arcuate surface on ground and do not mean that each truss does not in use have the longitudinal axis of stretching, just when it during around the arch bending, it stretches the longitudinal axis with the arch bending.

As can be seen, parallel to each other at truss, the device of taking over the baton is arranged on the lateral angles of the truss that is installed on respect to it.

As can be seen, truss along curve.As can be seen, truss nearly along the curve of arch, between the ground of roof membranes/patch block device and its extension, little spacing is arranged.

Fig. 5 is shown as the schematic diagram of another embodiment of the present invention 10, and wherein the zero elevation roof is tightened in and spends sloping floor 11 fully.The inclined surface 1 on ground has up-hill end 44 and down-hill end 43.Tension force truss 2i is tightened between support dress 3ai and 3aii.A plurality of take over the baton device 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d are installed on the truss 2i top.Roof membranes/patch block device 5 (not shown)s are installed on the device top of taking over the baton.Water tank device may be arranged on the decline beveled end of roof system 10.Attention: if the roof is by head-to-foot especially long, but a large amount of water energy products is at roof membranes/patch block upper surface, may constitute threat to the membrane structure integrality, therefore, people's imagination, may need to comprise the lock of water tank device and upper surface, thereby allow water to flow out the middle ramp portion of zero elevation roof system.If necessary, this solution can be included in all embodiments of the invention.Roof membranes/patch block device can be prolonged or be extended by roof one side direction opposite side by the top end of to.First-selected, roof membranes is the patch block of corrugated steel roof, it is that the trade name of selling on the market " is cut lock "

Formed device so that the device of taking over the baton is fixed in patch block, does not puncture patch block with securing member, and the shortage that prolongs roof durability and piercing hole like this is the position that corrosion potential is avoided.

Fig. 6 shows three-dimensional isometric drawing of the present invention shown in Figure 5, and wherein as can be seen, a plurality of tension force truss have been tightened in and have striden across the surface that straight line tilts between holder device.Tension force truss 2i is tightened between holder device 3ai and 3bi, and truss 2ii is tightened between holder device 3aii and 3bii, and truss 2iii is tightened between holder device 3aiii and 3biii.

Fig. 7 shows the sectional view of the present invention 10 1 embodiment, and wherein, as can be seen, truss has been tightened in protruding face 11 surfaces 1 of digging earth with the snout.In addition, can see that the two ends, roof are lower than the peak of arch, and water tank device 6a and 6b are positioned at the two ends, roof separately.And, be that the decline of arch peak/paddy is tilted under holder device 3ai and the 3aii.The device of taking over the baton is installed to truss 2i (not shown) along truss 2i longitudinal axis setting and by erecting device.

Fig. 8 shows the three-dimensional isometric drawing of 10 embodiment of the present invention as shown in Figure 7.As can be seen, take over the baton and be arranged at lateral angles with respect to truss 2i, 2ii and 2iii.Best lateral angle 90 degree.

This truss is crossed over arch and is prolonged, and the device of taking over the baton prolongs along it.Each truss extends pair of brackets for example between the 2i, extends 3ai between 3bi.Present embodiment shows protruding arch surface 1, and this may be a natural mountain or fluctuating or artificial even may form one or bag apparatus or a plurality of bag apparatus, is suitable for forming when expansion at least protruding arch according to need.

Figure shows the three-dimensional isometric drawing of the present invention 10 1 embodiment, and wherein truss 2i is tightened between protruding arch Ib and recessed arch Ia.As can be seen, truss 2i pins device 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d by the indentation arch by truss, and pins device and be fixed in truss by fastening devices 88 separately.As can be seen, truss 2i is at protruding arch and the recessed arch roof end and invest holder device of going up a slope.As can be seen, pin device and be affiliated to anchor device, in the mode of the burial length of pinning device on ground.As can be seen, at least one is pinned device and comprises that carrying capacity 89 is downward to help sub-truss 2i.As can be seen, it is two parts that roof membranes/patch block device covers recessed arch, and roof membranes/patch block device cover protruding arch by one the part form.Water tank device 6i is arranged at recessed arch bottom to collect and to move apart water, and water tank device 6i is to collect and to move apart water by the roof side that strides across protruding arch.Basically, this is a rolling ground cross section.Rolling ground may be a physical relief or artificial.Certainly bag apparatus can be used for forming protruding arch and or recessed arch if desired.This is a schematic cross-section, can not find out a plurality of truss and take over the baton device and best holder device construction system.The embodiment of other rolling grounds is included in the drawing that is disclosed, with obvious explanation.Best, the device of taking over the baton is the non-tension element of roof undercarriage.This zero elevation roof undercarriage comprises all elements of roof structure, beyond the ground divided by roof membranes/patch block.Also as can be seen, we have selected to comprise and have risen frame/bracing or strutting arrangement taking over the baton down, have been higher than on the protruding face of digging earth with the snout to lift truss.Protruding arch and recessed arch mix, and form a fluctuating.Truss extends across arch in first direction, and the device of taking over the baton extends in the lateral angles of the relative truss longitudinal axis in second direction.Comprise that underwriting pipe unit 66 is connected to water tank device, discharge from water tank device (this is optional) to assist water.5a of roof portion and 5b can form roof membranes/patch block or the single separately length of the 5a of portion or 5b at least, can form

The cascade stack of two or more roof membranes/patch block device.We show, ground is entered in the holder device grappling, but this may need in all embodiment of the present invention, because it may use carrying capacity so that identical functions to be provided, if quality is enough, because the CONTACT WITH FRICTION between carrying capacity and ground, it makes contact be enough to be supported on the tension force of truss 2i and attached (not shown) thereof.Best truss is parallel to each other, but situation is not always feasible or desirable, relies on system architecture to need and the position.Best, taking over the baton is along axis elongation, itself and each truss longitudinal axis meet at right angles.This is desirable, and each truss is strained between the pair of brackets device.Holder device 3 comprises through hole device 37i, and by its transfer truss 2ai thread end, in this case, it is meant coupling with screw nut 34i form tensioner, strengthens holder device 3ai outer surface 39i.36ii is the inner surface of holder device 3bi.The external surface of holder device is away from the tension load of truss, is embedded in the truss 2i longitudinal axis.The convex portion fact on roof is the roof suspended portion, and recess is the roof compression section.This is that convex portion pushes in arch, and recess hangs on or to the recessed face of digging earth with the snout.This is a combined suspension compression roof structure

Figure 10 shows another embodiment of zero elevation Roof system 10, can see that wherein the zero elevation roof extends around recessed arch ground 1.Yes on this embodiment zero elevation roof concave shape is also because it has followed the recessed arch that it covered.As can be seen, truss is pinned device and is comprised and hold truss, makes its surface tracking arch.Tracking needn't be absolute, and this point is held the truss drop more than the height on arch surface because pin device as can be seen.The fact is that roof this underground of intaglio plate needn't be arch, meets truss to form a recessed arch if pin device length.This optical cable can be strained to draw and be butted on floor surface or take over the baton in the system to carrying.

(rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement) cycle is provided with from the teeth outwards.The tension force of tension element can preset or dynamic tension, and tension element can be dealt with like this, by adjusting the mode of thermal expansion force, tension element stretch or even windless condition, if necessary.Figure 11 shows an embodiment schematic cross-section of zero elevation Roof system 10, and wherein the roof is a protruding arch, is tensioned to protruding arch surface more than 1, wherein as can be seen, provides a plurality of

Roof membranes/patch block device 5a, 5b, 5c are installed on take over the baton device 4a, 4b, 4c and the 4d top.As can be seen, reservoir 600 has been installed roof structure below, so that retaining, and do not take more land area.Water tank connecting pipe is connected to the water tank device 6 that is arranged under the roof end by plumbing installation 66.Water level 605 can be seen.Take over pump installation from reservoir water out 601 shown connection water tanks, water tank is taken over to find time rapidly.Holder device 3ai and 3bi are positioned at each end on roof, and tension element device 2i strains between them.Roof membranes/patch block 5a., 5b, 5c install and to be higher than take over the baton device 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d, is fixed in the device of taking over the baton by fastening devices 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d.This fastening devices is lifted on the device of taking over the baton by the securing member that punctures film in this case.Tensioner 34i and 34ii are the thread tensioners, coupling truss 2ai and 2bii two ends thread.The take over the baton longitudinal axis of device for prolonging 90 relative truss device 2i.Drawing shows to have at least a water storage to be arranged under the roof structure, and the surface of being strained with the saving space truss is a nonreentrant surface.

Figure 12 is shown as the sectional view on zero elevation roof 10, wherein can see, reservoir 600 is connected to water tank device 6, and by pipe unit 66, reservoir has been equipped with at least one outlet pipe device 601, comprising pump installation 605 or supply water 604, under pressure, infiltrate, make the water of storage may add soil, so that it can not be shunk back by plumbing installation 607 soil 11 under the zero elevation roof, because water hunger, water enters ground by diffusion/dewatering installation 608a, 608b and 608c.As can be seen, the zero elevation roof system comprises the holder device that is positioned at the roof system two ends, and tension force truss 2i prolongs between them.The ground that truss 2i extends is straight, is not the inclined-plane, has up-hill end and down-hill end of a roof system like this.Comprise water tank device 6 at descending.Truss is held high in 1 one little the distances in surface by rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement 7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, and the ground and the lower surface of truss separately are set on it.Truss is strained by tensioner, in this case, screw thread tensioner 34i and 34ii is arranged.Truss two ends 2ai and 2bi are adapted to mate by the thread tensioner.As can be seen, the relay baton device covers roof membranes/patch block device 5a, 5b and 5c5A, and it is fixed in by retaining element 55a, 55b, 55c, 55d takes over the baton.Truss is pinned device 8 as a kind of selection.The device of taking over the baton is expanded into the right angle, and preferably relative truss length is though the imagination of other directions comprises greater than 90 degree.

Figure 13 shows the sectional view on zero elevation roof 10, comprising the air evacuator, with the form of grid or door 555, is the hinged door system that can swing on hinge 555a.As can be seen, a cyclone, hurricane 15 as figure show.The local depression system constitutes complete roof and threatens, if because the weather phenomenon build-up pressure is too big and too fast.Air-flow direction shows that 17 escape air vent device 555.Truss 2i is fixed in holder device 3a by bracing or strutting arrangement, with the form of hook 23 and ring 33.Ring is installed or is formed by holder device, hook portion or be otherwise connected to truss end 2ai.Duan truss is by tensioner 34ii coupling, though any suitable tensioning apparatus of thread tensioner can utilize at the foot of the mountain.Roof membranes/patch block device 5 was held take over the baton device 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d high by bracing or strutting arrangement 44a, 44b, 44c, 44d.Truss 2i is tensioned between holder device 3ai and 3bi, and system is a pitch system, and it includes a up-hill end and a down-hill end.One apart from ground small distance of truss.Small distance can be low to moderate zero.

Figure 14 has shown the schematic cross-section of zero elevation roof 10 embodiment, and wherein small distance 99 is to prolong on the surface 1 of tightening up at this truss 2i as can be seen.As can be seen, the aperture apparatus 37 of truss end 2ai extend through in holder device 3ai, the end 2ai of truss device 2i are threads and are mated by tensioner 34i.The thread drawing tension is tightly to the external surface 301 of holder device 3ai, by washing machine bracing or strutting arrangement 300.

Figure 15 has shown tension element, in this case, is a truss 2i, the tensioning between holder device 3ai and 3bi by thread device 344i and 344ii.Thread element 3444i and 3444U are between holder device and thread device.Taking over the baton device may same tensioning, as need be in the tension force on zero elevation roof 10 is taken over the baton version.

Figure 16,17 and 18 show 10 3 kinds of different embodiment of invention, Figure 16 is system's convex formula, Figure 17 is a straight inclined-plane of the present invention version, and that Figure 18 shows is recessed and straight, and (the combination version wherein comprises holder device 3ci in direct sum turn of bilge junction, for institute pins device in conjunction with support, to support tension element, in this case, the tension force truss members enters the place, hole that is formed on joint.All these three versions are tension force truss versions of the present invention, wherein tension force truss 2i tensioning between holder device.Preferably tension force surpasses zero.

Figure 19 and 20 shows the present invention 10 schematic cross-section, does not wherein have cover film/patch block device for definition.Figure 19 shows that the recessed arch of tension force truss is arranged and Figure 20 shows the gable arrangement.Each truss 2i is tensioned between the holder device.This gable version comprises holder device, ascents and descents gable both sides.This gable and bisectrix 4000 are an angle, shown in angle A and angle B.Figure 20 is actually two thread rooms, and is back-to-back with the gable peak.

Figure 21 is the schematic cross-section of the preferred embodiment of the present invention.This system comprises the tension element device, and in this case, the tension force truss members is a rotation tension element device, to hold up the form of taking turns component arrangement by driven by shaking by the tensioner tensioning.But installations or machine driven system if necessary can be by hand replacements.

Figure 22 has shown the schematic cross-section of inventive embodiments, wherein, has formed a rough protruding arch on the ground, is formed by a series of planar I a, Ib and Ic.Each interplanar angle as shown is angle A and angle B.Ground 11, in some cases, if arch of easier formation replaces continuous curved surface.Any embodiment of the invention that this solution may be passed through embodies, and utilizes arch ground.It should be noted that in addition at least one holder device 3bi is positioned at the roof structure medial extremity, in this embodiment, we have listed in and have risen frame/bracing or strutting arrangement and held high in the truss device by the ground flat surface.Roof membranes/patch block device 5 is suitable for being mounted to take over the baton device 4ai, 4bi, 4ci, 4di, is adapted to be mounted within truss device 2i.

Figure 23 shows the three-dimensional isometric drawing of inventing an embodiment, and in a reverse V-shaped configuration (reverse gable), V-type in corners has holder device 3ci, 3cii and 3ciii.The tension force truss extends to opposite side from V-type one side, is tightened in holder device 3ai, 3aii, 3aiii and 3bi, 3bii and 3biii respectively.Termination is meant that 3ci, 3cii and 3ciii are fixed in water tank device, are formed at V-type base or corner.Take over the baton device 4ai, 4bi, 4ci, 4ei, 4fi is installed on truss, and roof membranes/patch block device can be installed to 10 times undercarriages of zero elevation Roof system like this.

Figure 24 is shown as the three-dimensional isometric drawing of the embodiment of the invention, to fall the form of hip.

Figure 25 shows the sectional view of section surface relief 1, is covered by zero elevation Roof system 10 undercarriages.

Figure 26 is shown as the three-dimensional isometric drawing of the embodiment of the invention, and take over the baton device 4ai, 4aii, 4aiii of feature tension force is installed to tension force truss device 2i of the present invention, 2ii, 2iii, 2iiii.Truss is tensioned between the holder device, and as shown in the figure, taking over the baton is tensioned to each and takes over the baton between holder device 33ai, 33aii, 33aiii and 33bi, 33bii, 33biii.Roof membranes/patch block device (not shown) is installed on and takes over the baton device or invest the intermediate supports of tension force truss.Best, the device of taking over the baton is arranged in the vertical direction of relative basic boom, shown in the A of angle.。Embodiment shows inclined-plane zero elevation roof arrangement, but it can see easily that same solution can be introduced many embodiment inventions and disclose, and unrestricted example is considered protruding or recessed arch arch version of the present invention.Truss and the device of taking over the baton are preferably easily curved, and at the horizontal direction of axle separately, it is greatly easily curved to be preferably in the direction of principal axis that is parallel to separately.Alternatively, comprise that truss pins device 8.Alternatively, relay baton is pinned the mode that device 8 increases running, pins the device running with truss.Relay baton is pinned device fastening devices 088, with coupling taking over the baton separately, pins device as truss.

Figure 27 shows the sectional view of zero elevation roof embodiment, and tensioning strides across a pair of protruding arch ground 1i and 1ii.Tension force truss 2i prolongs between holder device 3ai and 3bi as can be seen, transmits holder device 3ci, is fixed in truss device 2i mid portion.Leak pallet water tank device 6 and be attached to the truss device, and hang on the truss device on the ground 11.Holder device 3ci is positioned at truss device 21 and is leaking below the pallet water tank device.Device 4ai takes over the baton.4aii.4aiii, 4aiiii and 4bi, 4bii, 4biii, 4biiii install and be higher than truss and be fixed in truss by fastening devices.Roof membranes/patch block device is installed in the device of taking over the baton, though be best, comprises at least one little frame/bracing or strutting arrangement that rises, and is having one roof membranes/patch block device at least and is taking over the baton between the device separately.This system is formed at the hollow or paddy in ground.Rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement also may be put between truss and the ground, if necessary.The device of taking over the baton can be take over the baton device or not on request of tension force.Leak pallet/water tank device and also can be installed on the device of taking over the baton, if desired, relay baton device to be a tension force take over the baton device or not on request whether.Leak pallet/tank and be fixed in the tension element member, can be used as the words of simple iron wire binding knot by fastening devices.A little spacing is arranged between roof sheet tile/obedient brick and ground.As can be seen, above roof membranes is used to cover the arch width of each side of roof (A or B).In this embodiment, trusses is supported in hollow 6000 with holder device 3ci, and holder device 3ci serves as truss and pins shown in the device.At truss and 6001 of cassette ceilings free space is arranged.Free space can be low to moderate zero.As can be seen, this system comprises that a protruding arch divides Ii, is positioned at first side and the second protruding arch branch of the hollow or paddy in ground, is positioned at second side of the hollow or paddy in ground.Cascade was piled up shown in roof membranes/patch block device was best.Pile up by cascade, we point out that they are overlapping, and the roof membranes of going up a slope like this/patch block device is around its contiguous roof membranes/patch block device down.Tensioner may meet following any requirement: truss device 2ai or 2aii two ends, or truss device 2i mid-length.Holder device 3ci connection holder device 3ci and drawing tension element 2i are hollow to being lowered to.If first-selected, but holder device 3ci carrying capacity.It is hollow to being lowered to that but best holder device 3ci comprises that tensioner can spur truss 2i, and support at there.Tensioner may be a thread arrangement, comprises that first connects or be interconnected to truss and be connected with second or be interconnected to holder device 3ci.A more than holder device may be to be positioned at hollow floor, if necessary, pulls out and pins the truss device and enter hollow.Take over the baton and all embodiment of the invention, may be take over the baton tension force between support take over the baton device it, if want.

The schematic cross-section of Figure 28 hydraulic pressure tension system 2600, it can be used in the present invention 10 embodiment, to keep or to adjust zero elevation roof tension element 2i.Hydranlic tensioner comprises power supply piston 266, with drawing tension element (but preferably tension force cable 2i is tight).Power piston is promoted by the device (not shown) of fluid pressure.The power piston adaptation is connected to tension force cable 2i.Power piston comprises that coalignment 264 is with coupling tension force cable or element.Cylinder block 267 adaptations of power piston system are connected to the holder device (not shown).Hydraulic pressure tensioner possibility Long-distance Control is used hydraulic means or mechanical electronic hydraulic pressure device, may be whole by the hand adjustment of pressure valve device (not shown).

Figure 29 shows the sectional view of tension element, and tension element is rope of the present invention or cable unit 250.Tension element is along axle 2511 elongations.

Figure 30 has shown that tension element is a cable unit, and it comprises the adjusting device of locating and/or being formed on the cable.Element prolongs the longitudinal axis and is depicted as 2511.Best, location and/or to adjust element be that hammer is made or welded or engages, but can any proper device attached to elongate member.This may be to be fused to tension element, sintering or formed by the tension element of tension element material.

Figure 31 has shown solid wire tension element cable unit 250 of the present invention.The longitudinal axis that prolongs of element is depicted as 2511.

Figure 32 has shown that contact element 250 is along axle 2511 elongations.The contact element is a tension force chain or similar.The chain tension element comprises at least two links 2599a, 2599b, 2599c, 2599d, 2599e

Figure 33 has shown that band specimen page power element 250 is along axle 2511 elongations.Tension element extends along axis, and has first end and second end.

Figure 34 has shown that lamination tension element 250 is along axle 2511 elongations.The lamination tension element comprises that bonding or other members of several layer materials form together, to form tension element.Preferably, two or more thin slice 258a, 258b, 258c.Tension element can be truss or the device of taking over the baton by ideal.

The equidistant viewpoint of Figure 35 has shown roof membranes/patch block device 5.This is a platybasic type film patch block device.

Figure 36 has shown that roof membranes/patch block device 5 is corrugated metal films.As can be seen, best roof membranes is arranged like this, thus the length on roof at direction A, the roof width extends at direction B, with respect to the device longitudinal axis 50 of roof membranes/patch block.

Figure 37 shows roof membranes 5 sectional views of the present invention, and it is a platybasic type element.

Figure 38 has shown the dark flat ripple roof membranes of combination of the present invention/patch block device 5.In general, can form by any suitable material at roof membranes of the present invention/patch block device.The axle of roof membranes/patch block device preferably aligns and is parallel to the longitudinal axis of zero elevation roof truss device.This needn't be like this, yet axle may be with the axle of an angular alignment truss.Figure 39 has shown tension force truss device sectional view.Tension force truss device 2i comprises positioner 255, with the coupling apparatus surface of taking over the baton.The tension force truss is along axis elongation.

Figure 40 has shown the tension element of equidistant viewpoint, is that truss members is extended along shown in the axle in this situation, and has the feature device, and with the form match surface of spacer, the device and/or rise frame/support system of taking over the baton.Support rises that the frame system sub-truss is above the ground level or bracing or strutting arrangement with setting by truss to the take over the baton distance of device of the present invention.Tension element, preferably cable, electric wire, rope or belt at present.

Figure 41 shows the side of truss device be depicted in Figure 40, engages positioner, and taking over the baton with setting is installed on along the suitable position of truss device length with respect to the truss longitudinal axis.

Figure 42 shows the side of truss device that is depicted in Figure 40.。As can be seen, trusses extends along the axis longitudinal axis.

Figure 43 has shown the truss device, and as can be seen, truss has spacer.Spacer is a triangle.Taking over the baton is attached to the spacer device, by attachment flange and trap devices.Along axis elongation.

Closure system, glue, bond medium, welding rises and falls the metal table.Positioning function or hole or be carried in clamping flange coupling function corresponding tension element.

Figure 44 shows the sectional view of the tension force truss device 2i with spacer.

222 Figure 45 show the sectional view of tension force truss 2i, have at least one spacer and are forming in the shell by the pincers flange apparatus is tired in 22nd.Clamping flange installs a unit, invests the device of taking over the baton by the securing member that comprises fastener.The flange clamp flange.The form that clamping flange is is caught the location with annex or the trap form of capturing.Figure 46 is a sectional view with tension force truss device 2i of spacer device.At least one spacer or feature are positioned on the tension element.

Figure 47 is one the tension force truss of spacer device or the sectional view of the device of taking over the baton.Fastening system forms or is installed on the spacer, and it is that the element and/or the bonding film/patch block of the bolt support of roof undercarriage is installed on.Fastening system is installed on positioning function, available rivet or weldering nail.

Figure 48 is one the tension force truss of spacer device or the sectional view of the device of taking over the baton.Securing member and or navigation system

Figure 49 a, 49b and 49c are the present invention 10 sectional views, because it is just under construction.As can be seen, the zero elevation roof is strained around protruding arch.

Figure 50 has shown the sectional view of the embodiment of the invention, regulates automatically comprising tension force, and by using the device of hydraulic jack, also truss is pinned device.Truss 2i is supported by the power piston device in its end, its objective is and takes action, and the tension force by chamber device change tension force truss device strides across arch Ia and Ib.Holder device is a hydraulic piston device.Surface Ia and the long and narrow soil of the protruding arch of Ib cover the present invention.The outside support device also is the tensioner of truss 2i.

Figure 51 has shown cascade roof membranes/ patch block device 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e.As can be seen, the overlapping down film of upper film etc.Note how overlapping adjacent films down of upper film.

Figure 52 Figure 53 is the sectional view of an embodiment on zero elevation roof 10, comprising the topping of sheath device with sheath truss device, and allows truss to hold high on the arcuate surface of its tensioning.Sheath device 2111 comprises that through hole passes truss 2i placement.Figure 53 is shown as the sectional view of the present invention 10 embodiment, wherein, comprises the tension force truss 2i of shield system with sheath, so that prevent environmental disruption and/or make the tension force truss can hold ground high.The tension force truss is along axis elongation, and each sheath part all has an elongation through hole to prolong, and prolongs truss parallel (axially) in the longitudinal axis of truss device by it.Figure 53 institute trace system is the protruding arch zero elevation roof of an invention, and wherein, the truss device is tightened between holder device 34a and the 34b.

Figure 54 is presented at the sectional view of the sheath system that uses among Figure 53, and as can be seen, sheath 2111a and 211Ib have the through hole device to allow truss to enter the inside.Sheath has wall thickness, its predetermined distance, and truss was held ground high.Rise the frame sheath and be positioned at the tension force truss to support built on stilts.

Figure 54 A is shown as the sectional view of the present invention 10 embodiment, and it comprises that spring rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement 7a, 7b, 7d, is higher than the ground/arch of its tensioning more than 1 with sub-truss 2i.Rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement may be the material that spring occurs or form spring.Rise the self-control tension adjustment system of the spring function of frame/bracing or strutting arrangement as tension force truss device.

Figure 54 b is shown as the sectional view of the present invention 10 embodiment, wherein as can be seen, rises rack device sub-truss 2i and is above the ground level, and allows water pump to deliver to the roof, saves the space simultaneously.Liter frame/bracing or strutting arrangement is used for sub-truss and exceeds ground/arcuate surface.Rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement may be pipeline, and water is by this pipeline pumping.

Figure 55 is shown as the sectional view of the present invention 10 embodiment, and it comprises that spring rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement 7a, 7b, 7d, is higher than the arcuate surface of zero elevation roof institute tensioning with sub-truss 2i.The hole allows sub-fraction rainwater or dew to ground.Ground forms the surface, arch or the cable arch is preferably arranged preferably, or cable is tensioned to arch, (comprising the multistage tension element).

Figure 55 is roofing slab film of the present invention/patch block sectional view, guides to its soffit comprising an aperture by its upper surface, passes through to allow a spot of water, and such hydration of passing through again is in following soil.Preferably, have a roof membranes/of the present invention taking over the baton of patch block device cladding at least, comprise a hole for this purpose.The hole makes current pass through the part film on the brick plate or by cladding layer, allows the ground under the water arrival cladding, causes structural failure thereby avoid ground to shrink back.

Figure 55 shows that spring-like rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement, is higher than small distance of arcuate surface with sub-truss, at non-compression height.Spring rises rack supporting device and compression spring.Accordion folded spring or rigid support system.

The spring that Figure 55 c is presented at non-spring position rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement sectional view.Annotate: non-spring height A.Figure 55 d shows among Figure 55 c the spring support device at spring position.Please note apart from B less than distance A at 55c.

Figure 56 is shown as the present invention 10 embodiment, and the bearing of wherein holding high rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement and adapts to and allow truss to move along axillare, dwindles and enlarges with thermal excitation with the roof.The sloping floor is best.Axillare can make the roof cross over arch along moving along roll.

Figure 57 is shown as the present invention 10 embodiment, comprising rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement, is meeting its longitudinal axis and/or is laterally moving comprising sliding bearing surface 102 or permission truss 2i.The plain bearing arrangement pad on axillare or ground rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement along this and moves.Best, motion is the longitudinal axis that meets the truss device.Rise frame/bracing or strutting arrangement and have the sliding bearing soffit, in the slip axillare that rest on the ground,, can meet tension force truss device or with sliding-contact transverse to described axle so that rise frame/bracing or strutting arrangement sub-truss, if desired, also set up roof or hold aim and the thermal expansion roof structure.

Figure 58 bag apparatus can be used for forming the surface and strides across tension element and tighten up.

Figure 59 bag apparatus is positioned at by the undercarriage that forms the roof under formed net of tension element system or the grid.Preferably, one " little distance " is meant less than 1 meter, and is preferably in more than ground or the arcuate surface less than 500 millimeters.Can be bigger at some embodiment.

Figure 60 shows that bag apparatus forms an arch, and tension element strides across this arch formation roof and will be tightened up.The soffit that is noted that bag apparatus may be meant that ground maybe may be a complete capsule with upper and lower surface.The real surface on ground is positioned under the soffit of bag apparatus.

Figure 61 shows that bag apparatus extracts state among Figure 60, before tension element covers it.Air intake duct/efferent tract swelling bag device, air intake duct/efferent tract can allow air/liquid or solid to enter capsule.The upper surface of bag apparatus is easily curved.

Figure 62 shows how bag apparatus is used for the zero elevation roof, may be to be full of solid matter or material, wherein is difficult to be provided with at bag apparatus.Bag apparatus has upper surface 1 and props up on the ground of tension element institute tensioning, and the zero elevation roof utilizes bag apparatus.Bag apparatus may in addition, be pinned pin and be fixed in ground, if necessary to lower support.The capsule internal volume may be to be full of gas, liquid, solid or any its combination.The words that solid is filled up capsule may be surfboard foam, ball, vermiculite or any other filler.Preferably filler is set to solid, when capsule expands.The capsule pinning assembly comprises that support cell is in ground and/or the additional tension device.On this page or leaf, can see, 3 pictures of bag apparatus in expansion process, process starts from the last figure of this page, and the result who finishes is figure below of this page, and bag apparatus can be used for forming the surface as can be seen, and in fact the substructure of roof system is upright.Figure 63 has shown La Ganba dam map and zero elevation roof system preferred location district.

Claims (3)

1. zero elevation roof rain water collecting system, it comprises: a plurality of tension force truss, it strides across protruding arch ground by the tension element tensioning between holder device; The device of taking over the baton, it invests on the truss; The membrane roof device, it is installed on the top of the device of taking over the baton.

2. zero elevation roof rain water collecting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the tension force truss support is a small distance on liftoff surface, forms arch by rising frame/bracing or strutting arrangement, rises frame/bracing or strutting arrangement between truss and ground.

3. zero elevation roof rain water collecting system as claimed in claim 1, wherein, at least one device of taking over the baton is tensioned between holder device.

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