CN101628016A - 一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法 - Google Patents

一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法 Download PDF

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CN101628016A
CN101628016A CN200910115951A CN200910115951A CN101628016A CN 101628016 A CN101628016 A CN 101628016A CN 200910115951 A CN200910115951 A CN 200910115951A CN 200910115951 A CN200910115951 A CN 200910115951A CN 101628016 A CN101628016 A CN 101628016A
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microwave
extracting
supercritical
compound medicine
extraction
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CN101628016B (zh
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邓泽元
甘露菁
李静
范亚苇
刘蓉
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Nanchang University
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Abstract

一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法,其特征是方法步骤为:(1)将中药复方物烘干,粉碎至粒径0.15mm-0.45mm;(2)将粉碎后的复方粉末于容器中,用100%微波或微波和光波的组合方式处理,时间为1min-10min;(3)将处理后的复方粉末置于双分离釜超临界萃取设备中,以超临界CO2流体为萃取剂,萃取压力在28MPa-35MPa范围内,萃取温度在35℃-60℃范围内。本发明的优点是:1.加强了活性物质在后续的超临界工艺中的溶出;2.微波/光波干法预处理与CO2超临界萃取结合,拓广了CO2超临界萃取的运用范围;3.整个工艺流程周期短、生产效率高,溶剂消耗量少,设备污染小,无需溶剂回收;4.可直接用于药品或保健品的加工。

Description

一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种提取方法,尤其涉及一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法。
背景技术
关于中药复方的提取及应用,我国已有很多年的研究与实践。目前对于中草药活性物质的提取多以水煎煮或有机溶剂提取为主,水煎煮能煎出中药中大部分有效成分,但煎出液中杂质较多纯度低,不耐热挥发性成分易损失。有机溶剂提取因其溶剂毒性,多用回流装置和连续提取装置,回流提取在生产中有很大的局限性,而连续提取需要在高温下6~8小时,除耗时过长外亦会对热敏性成分造成损失。同时,这两种提取方法都存在溶剂残留,对后续的产品加工造成困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法,该方法所得中药复方提取物纯度高,无溶剂残留,可直接用于药品或保健品的加工。
本发明是这样来实现的,其特征是方法步骤为:
(1)将中药复方物烘干,粉碎至粒径0.15mm-0.45mm;
(2)将粉碎后的复方粉末于容器中,用100%微波或微波和光波的组合方式处理,时间为1min-10min;
(3)将处理后的复方粉末置于双分离釜超临界萃取设备中,以超临界CO2流体为萃取剂,萃取压力在28Mpa-35MPa范围内,萃取温度在35℃-60℃范围内,加入夹带剂乙醇,通过将分离釜I压力设在7Mpa-10MPa之间,温度40℃-60℃之间,分离釜II 4Mpa-7MPa,温度20-40℃之间,将萃取物与乙醇分离;
(4)2-4h后萃取结束,从分离釜I中得到中药复方萃取物,分离釜II中回收得到乙醇。
本发明所述的微波和光波的组合比为50%-100%∶50%-0%,处理的参数为:功率调节为100W-800W,频率为2450MHZ。
本发明的优点是:1、采用微波/光波干法预处理后,细胞液膜破裂,加强了活性物质在后续的超临界工艺中的溶出;2、微波/光波干法预处理与CO2超临界萃取结合,拓广了CO2超临界萃取的运用范围;3、整个工艺流程周期短、生产效率高,溶剂消耗量少,设备污染小,无需溶剂回收;4、所得中药复方提取物纯度高,无溶剂残留,可直接用于药品或保健品的加工。
具体实施方式
实施例1:
取荷叶、山楂、决明子、泽泻复方粉碎,过孔径0.3mm筛,取过筛粉末60g,50%微波/50%光波处理,输出功率为600-800W,总处理时间为2min。然后置于1LCO2超临界萃取设备萃取釜中,密封加塞,以超临界CO2流体为萃取剂,萃取压力设定为28Mpa-30MPa范围内,萃取温度在35℃-60℃范围内,加入100mL-200mL夹带剂乙醇,将分离釜I压力设在7Mpa-10MPa之间,温度40℃-60℃之间,分离釜II 4Mpa-7MPa,温度20-40℃之间,1-3h后,从分离釜I中得到萃取物2.51g,分离釜II中得到回收酒精。经检测,萃取物中含生物碱5%,总三萜10%,总蒽醌3%,总黄酮3.4%,其中萃取物得率比直接CO2超临界萃取高39.44%,萃取物中生物碱含量是直接萃取的1.84倍,总三萜是直接萃取的1.41倍,总蒽醌含量是直接萃取的2.54倍,总黄酮是直接萃取的2.72倍。
实施例2
取荷叶、山楂、决明子、泽泻复方粉碎,过孔径0.2mm筛,取过筛粉末60g,100%微波处理,输出功率为600-800W,总处理时间为2min。然后置于1L CO2超临界萃取设备萃取釜中,密封加塞,以超临界CO2流体为萃取剂,萃取压力设定为28Mpa-30MPa范围内,萃取温度在35℃~60℃范围内,加入100mL~200mL夹带剂乙醇,将分离釜I压力设在7Mpa-10MPa之间,温度40℃-60℃之间,分离釜II 4Mpa-7MPa,温度20-40℃之间,1-3h后,从分离釜I中得到萃取物2.49g,分离釜II中得到回收酒精。经检测,萃取物中含生物碱4.8%,总三萜9.8%,总蒽醌3%,总黄酮3.3%,其中萃取物得率比直接CO2超临界萃取高38.44%,萃取物中生物碱含量是直接萃取的1.80倍,总三萜是直接萃取的1.39倍,总蒽醌含量是直接萃取的2.53倍,总黄酮是直接萃取的2.69倍。
本发明的主要特点是利用微波/光波干法预处理中药复方粉末后,用CO2超临界萃取活性物质。微波/光波干法预处理是利用微波能的强选择性,对极性分子选择性的加热。微波是一种频率在300MHZ至300GHZ之间的电磁波,具有波动性、高频性、热特性和非热特性四大基本特性。常用的微波频率是2450MHZ。光波加热是靠热辐射对需要加热的物质进行加热,是由外向内加热,加热均匀;微波加热是靠穿透物质,使物体内部分子产生震动和摩擦,从而对物体加热,是由内向外的加热。微波与光波组合处理时,会使加热更均匀,较单独的微波速度更快。微波/光波干法预处理使得细胞中的极性分子在高频电场中振动,从而在一定程度上对细胞液膜产生扰动作用,使液膜破裂或变薄,更利于超临界萃取过程中活性物质的溶出。
超临界CO2流体密度近于液体,粘度近于气体,扩散系数为液体的100倍,具有极强的溶解能力,因此其萃取速率比一般化学溶剂快速有效。同时,CO2的临界温度为31.265℃,临界压力为7.29MPa,可以有效地防止热敏性成分的氧化,逸散和反应。提取结束后,由于压力下降使得CO2与萃取物迅速回复成为分离的两相(气液分离)而立即分开,不存在物料的相变过程,无溶剂残留。但是,由于CO2的非极性和低分子量特点,单纯的CO2超临界萃取只对脂溶性成分有极佳的溶解性,对于生物碱、黄酮等物质提取率不甚理想。将微波/光波干法预处理与CO2超临界萃取结合,很好的提高了生物碱、黄酮等物质的提取率。

Claims (2)

1、一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法,其特征是方法步骤为:
(1)将中药复方物烘干,粉碎至粒径0.15mm-0.45mm;
(2)将粉碎后的复方粉末于容器中,用100%微波或微波和光波的组合方式处理,时间为1min-10min;
(3)将处理后的复方粉末置于双分离釜超临界萃取设备中,以超临界CO2流体为萃取剂,萃取压力在28Mpa-35MPa范围内,萃取温度在35℃-60℃范围内,加入夹带剂乙醇,通过将分离釜I压力设在7Mpa-10MPa之间,温度40℃-60℃之间,分离釜II 4Mpa-7MPa,温度20-40℃之间,将萃取物与乙醇分离;
(4)2-4h后萃取结束,从分离釜I中得到中药复方萃取物,分离釜II中回收得到乙醇。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一种提取中药复方活性物质的方法,其特征是所述的微波和光波的组合比为50%-100%:50%-0%,处理的参数为:功率调节为100W-800W,频率为2450MHZ。
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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102488152A (zh) * 2011-11-28 2012-06-13 北京农学院 叶用莴苣中营养物质的提取方法
CN105524136A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-27 广州天来宝生物科技有限公司 电磁波纳米超临界萃取生物活性肽和复合细胞因子的方法
CN106880901A (zh) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-23 刘志国 一种治疗腰痛的腰带及其制备方法
CN108261799A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-10 天明制药股份有限公司 白桦茸中多醣体的萃取方法
CN112704904A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-04-27 百事基材料(青岛)股份有限公司 一种超临界co2技术萃取植物活性成分的方法

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102488152A (zh) * 2011-11-28 2012-06-13 北京农学院 叶用莴苣中营养物质的提取方法
CN106880901A (zh) * 2015-12-16 2017-06-23 刘志国 一种治疗腰痛的腰带及其制备方法
CN105524136A (zh) * 2015-12-23 2016-04-27 广州天来宝生物科技有限公司 电磁波纳米超临界萃取生物活性肽和复合细胞因子的方法
CN108261799A (zh) * 2016-12-30 2018-07-10 天明制药股份有限公司 白桦茸中多醣体的萃取方法
CN112704904A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-04-27 百事基材料(青岛)股份有限公司 一种超临界co2技术萃取植物活性成分的方法

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