CN101624920B - 用于涡轮机楔形榫的曲径密封件及密封间隙的方法 - Google Patents

用于涡轮机楔形榫的曲径密封件及密封间隙的方法 Download PDF

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CN101624920B
CN101624920B CN200910151411.XA CN200910151411A CN101624920B CN 101624920 B CN101624920 B CN 101624920B CN 200910151411 A CN200910151411 A CN 200910151411A CN 101624920 B CN101624920 B CN 101624920B
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labyrinth
room
branch
dovetail
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CN101624920A (zh
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B·P·阿内斯
T·E·麦戈文
J·D·沃德
O·萨慕德拉拉
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General Electric Co PLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/005—Sealing means between non relatively rotating elements
    • F01D11/006—Sealing the gap between rotor blades or blades and rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/085—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor
    • F01D5/087—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means cooling fluid circulating inside the rotor in the radial passages of the rotor disc

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Sealing Using Fluids, Sealing Without Contact, And Removal Of Oil (AREA)

Abstract

一种曲径密封件(100)可包括置于楔形榫键形物(70)的高压侧(140)周围的第一分支(120)、置于楔形榫键形物(70)的低压侧(150)周围的第二分支(130)以及置于第一分支(120)和第二分支(130)之间的曲径室(110)。经过第一分支(120)周围的间隙(90)的高压流体在曲径室(110)内膨胀以便限制流过第二分支(130)的高压流体量。

Description

用于涡轮机楔形榫的曲径密封件及密封间隙的方法
技术领域
本申请一般地涉及任何类型的涡轮机，尤其涉及经由曲径密封件来密封涡轮机叶片楔形榫和涡轮机转子之间的间隙的系统和方法。
背景技术
燃气涡轮机通常包括具有多个周向间隔的叶片(bucket或blade)的涡轮机转子(轮)。叶片通常可包括翼型、平台、叶柄、楔形榫和其它元件。各叶片的楔形榫置于涡轮机转子内并紧固在其中。翼型伸入热气通道以便将气体动能转化为旋转机械能。多个冷却介质通道可径向延伸经过叶片以便引导经过其的冷却介质的向内和/或向外流动。
由于热负载和/或离心负载的增加，基于楔形榫的键形物(tab)和转子表面之间的间隙，在冷却介质供应回路中可能发生渗漏。从叶片供应回路到轮间隔的空气损失量相对于叶片冷却介质流需求量是明显的。此外，空气可从后来的压缩机级中抽出，使得能量输出和总效率的损失在发动机运行期间是有影响的。
已经做了努力来限制这种渗漏。例如，一种方法包括在楔形榫键形物上沉积铝以便至少部分地填满间隙。具体地，360度环可紧靠楔形榫面的前侧压紧。尽管这种设计密封好且耐用，但这种设计不易拆卸和现场更换。相反地，当整个转子被拆卸时，这些环才可被拆卸。
因此需要一种改良的楔形榫键形物密封系统和方法。这种系统和方法应足能防止通过其的渗漏，以便增加整个系统的效率，并可同时现场安装和修理。
发明内容
因而，本申请提供一种用于楔形榫键形物和转子之间的间隙的曲径密封件。该曲径密封件可包括置于楔形榫键形物的高压侧周围的第一分支、置于楔形榫键形物的低压侧周围的第二分支，和置于第一分支和第二分支之间的曲径室。经过第一分支周围的间隙的高压流体在曲径室内膨胀以便限制流过第二分支的高压流体量。
本申请进一步提供一种密封叶片楔形榫键形物和涡轮机转子之间间隙的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：加工楔形榫键形物以形成曲径室；操作涡轮机；强迫高压流进入间隙；以及在曲径室内膨胀高压流体以便限制流过曲径室的高压流体量。
本申请进一步提供一种用于楔形榫键形物和转子之间间隙的曲径密封件。该曲径密封件可包括置于楔形榫键形物的高压侧周围的第一分支、置于楔形榫键形物的低压侧周围的第二分支和置于围绕第一分支和第二分支之间的楔形榫键形物的周边的曲径室。经过楔形榫键形物的第一分支周围的间隙的高压空气在曲径室内膨胀以便限制流过第二分支的高压空气量，进而限制第二分支周围间隙的有效空隙。
对于阅读过下文中结合附图进行描述的具体实施方式和附加权利要求的本领域技术人员而言，本申请的这些和其它特征将变得清楚明白。
附图说明
图1A是可用于本文所描述的密封系统的具有叶冠的叶片的透视图；
图1B是可用于本文所描述的密封系统的不具有叶冠的叶片的透视图；
图2是转子的透视图；
图3是本文所描述的曲径密封件的曲径室的透视图；
图4是图3的曲径密封件的曲径室的侧视图；
图5是与示出的转子和间隙协同操作的图3中的曲径密封件的侧初图。
部件列表
10叶片70第一键形物
20转子80第二键形物
30翼型90间隙
40平台100曲径密封件
50叶柄110曲径室
60楔形榫70第一键形物
120第一分支140高压侧
130第二分支150低压侧
具体实施方式
现在参考附图，其中，在全部这些视图中相同的数字指相同的元件，图1A示出了可在本文中使用的叶片10。叶片10可以是纽约州斯卡奈塔第市的通用电气公司所售的7FA+e型燃气涡轮机中使用的第一或第二级叶片。任何其它类型的叶片或级也可在本文中使用。叶片10可用于图2所示的转子20。
正如所熟知的那样，叶片10可包括翼型30、平台40、叶柄50、楔形榫60和其它元件。应当了解的是，叶片10是绕涡轮机转子20并且紧固于涡轮机转子20的多个周向间隔叶片10中的一个。图1A的叶片10具有在翼型30的一个末端上的叶冠65。图1B的叶片11没有叶冠。任何其它类型的叶片设计可在本文中使用。
如上所述，转子20可具有多个用于收容叶片10的楔形榫60的槽25。同样地，叶片10的翼型30伸入热气流，以便通过转子20的旋转将气流的动能转化为机械能。楔形榫60可包括从其延伸的第一柄脚(tang)或键形物(tab)70和第二键形物80。类似的设计也可在本文中使用。间隙90可形成在楔形榫60的键形物70、80的末端和转子20之间。高压冷却流可经由间隙90逸出，除非使用某种类型的密封系统。
图3至5示出了本文描述的曲径密封件100。该曲径密封件100可置于叶片10的楔形榫60的第一键形物70(最内键形物)的周围和内部。第二键形物80可具有类似的曲径密封件100。曲径密封件100可包括曲径室110。该曲径室110可围绕第一键形物70周边延伸。曲径室110的尺寸和形状可变化。曲径室110可通过任何增加或减去方法与涡轮叶片楔形榫60一体式形成，这些方法包括但不限于经由螺栓连接或类似方法的机械固定、焊接组装、传统和非传统的减去的加工过程、曲径表面的焊接或激光烧结法构建或它们的任何组合。其它类型制造技术也可在本文中使用。曲径室110可具有正方形或曲线形的横截面形状。任何期望的横截面形状可在本文中使用。
曲径室110可限定第一分支120和任意数量的随后的第二分支130。分支120、130向叶片10和转子20之间的间隙90延伸。第一分支120可置于楔形榫60的高压侧140附近。高压侧140可提供叶片冷却供应空气。第二分支130可置于低压侧150即轮间隔的周围。分支120、130可具有尖角或边缘，但可使用稍微圆形的边缘。
在使用中，来自楔形榫60的第一分支120周围的高压侧140的高压空气或其它流体延伸到间隙90中。高速流在曲径室110内膨胀以便形成阻止流通过其的涡流。因而，通过第二分支130周围的间隙90的冷却介质损失量可明显减少。曲径室110和分支120、130因而形成曲径以便减少通过曲径室的空气流。其它配置也可在本文中使用以便转向和/或减少空气流。
曲径室110也可用在第二键形物80周围或其他按所期望的使用。此外，增加曲径密封件100减少了间隙90的有效空隙，例如从大约10毫米或更多减少到大约8.6毫米。这些空隙水平在不添加进一步材料的情况下接近已知的铝条的。因此，有效空隙的减少和由此冷却流损失的减少提高了整个系统效率。曲径密封件100也可用于其它的密封系统和方法。
因而，本申请提供一种用于楔形榫60和转子20之间的间隙90的一体形成在楔形榫60周围的非接触式曲径密封件100。由分支120、130和间隙90形成的曲径密封件100通过迫使渗漏流从高压侧140进入曲径室110来提供非接触式流密封或控制系统，其中，渗漏流相比较不包括分支和曲径室的类似间隙而言，产生涡流或类似涡流的流体运动。
应当明白的是，上文仅涉及本申请的某些实施例，在不脱离附加权利要求及其等价物所定义的本发明的一般精神和范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可对本文做出许多改变和修改。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于楔形榫键形物(70)和转子(20)之间间隙(90)的曲径密封件(100)，包括：
置于楔形榫键形物(70)的高压侧(140)周围的第一分支(120)；
置于楔形榫键形物(70)的低压侧(150)周围的第二分支(130)；以及
置于第一分支(120)和第二分支(130)之间的曲径室(110)，使得经过楔形榫键形物(70)的第一分支(120)周围的间隙(90)的高压流体在曲径室(110)内膨胀，以便限制流过第二分支(130)的高压流体量；
其中，所述楔形榫键形物(70)从楔形榫(60)的端部延伸；并且
所述曲径室(110)全部地围绕楔形榫键形物(70)的周边延伸。
2.如权利要求1所述的曲径密封件(100)，其特征在于，所述曲径室(110)包括正方形的横截面形状。
3.如权利要求1所述的曲径密封件(100)，其特征在于，所述曲径室(110)包括弧形的横截面形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的曲径密封件(100)，其特征在于，所述曲径室(110)包括三角形的横截面形状。
5.如权利要求1所述的曲径密封件(100)，进一步包括多个楔形榫键形物(70，80)。
6.一种密封叶片(10)的楔形榫键形物(70)和转子(20)之间的间隙(90)的方法，包括：
加工楔形榫键形物(70)以形成在叶片楔形榫键形物(70)周围的曲径室(110)，所述曲径室(110)全部地围绕楔形榫键形物(70)的周边延伸；
旋转叶片(10)；
迫使高压流体进入间隙(90)；以及
在曲径室(110)内膨胀高压流体以便限制流过曲径室(110)的高压流体量。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，加工曲径室(110)的步骤包括加工具有正方形横截面的曲径室(110)。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，加工曲径室(110)的步骤包括加工具有弧形横截面的曲径室(110)。
9.如权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，加工曲径室(110)的步骤包括加工具有三角形横截面的曲径室(110)。
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US12/168,932 US8210821B2 (en) 2008-07-08 2008-07-08 Labyrinth seal for turbine dovetail
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CN101624920A (zh) 2010-01-13
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JP5400500B2 (ja) 2014-01-29
US20100007092A1 (en) 2010-01-14
JP2010019256A (ja) 2010-01-28
EP2143881A3 (en) 2013-01-09
US8210821B2 (en) 2012-07-03

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