CN101624086A - Vertically loaded anchor (VLA) dragging-mooring switching mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of ocean engineering, and relates to a vertically loaded anchor (VLA) dragging-mooring switching mechanism, which comprises a switching body provided with a chute and three buckles; the switching body is divided into an upper rod and a lower rod by the chute; a front mooring hole and a rear mooring hole are respectively arranged on the front end and the rear end of the chute near the upper rod for connecting a front anchor shank and a rear anchor shank; a clamping groove is arranged on the rear end of the chute close to the upper rod, and the champing groove is communicated with the chute; a shrapnel is arranged at the clamping groove port where the clamping groove and the chute are connected for preventing a slider from falling off after sliding into the clamping groove; three mutually matched buckles are respectively arranged on the front mooring hole, the rear mooring hole and the chute of the switching body; the buckle arranged on the front mooring hole is U-shaped, and two ends of the U-shaped buckle are respectively provided with two rings, while the middle of the U-shaped buckle is provided with a stop lever. The switching mechanism of the invention has the advantages of convenient and reliable installation, simple structure, reliable switching and stable performance.

Description

Normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism

Technical field

The invention belongs to field of ocean engineering, be used for the scientific research and the engineering of deep water mooring foundation are used.

Background technology

In the exploitation of deep-sea oil gas resource,, be applicable to that the mooring system of deep water and super deep water comes into one's own day by day along with increasing gradually of large-scale and the marine compliant structure thing of ultra-large type.Research and development new type of deep-water mooring system and new type of deep-water mooring technology are the important research directions of exploitation of international ocean hydrocarbon resources and international ocean engineering technology circle.

20th century the mid-80, it is found that the deep-sea hydrocarbon resources that is richly stored with, deep-sea oil gas development of resources Study on Technology highlights its importance day by day.Along with oil-gas mining to the deep water propelling, the advantage of novel tightening type mooring system manifests gradually, it can not only economical with materials, reduces investment, also can reduce the mooring radius simultaneously, optimizes the mooring mode.And the mooring foundation that matches with the tightening type mooring system---normal direction load anchor is also favored day by day, it can bear level and vertical load simultaneously, have higher anti-pulling capacity, possess advantages such as in light weight, material province, storage easy to operate, easy, recyclable and repeated usage simultaneously.

The installation process of burying of normal direction load anchor is similar to traditional towing anchor, but because normal direction load anchor requires towing cable vertical with the anchor slab plane in working order down, makes it have unique stressed characteristic of normal direction, thereby make that the load-carrying properties of this anchor are particularly outstanding.Experiment shows that normal direction load anchor can bear the load of own wt more than 100 times, and the ultimate pullout capacity in this anchor when work can reach 2.5～3.0 times that load is installed.How to realize normal direction load anchor from installing condition to conversion of operation state, obviously be one of normal direction load anchor research and development core technology that must solve.

The connection mode that normal direction load anchor is pressed anchor shin and anchor slab can be divided into the connection of rigidity anchor shin and be connected with soft rope anchor shin.Two kinds of styles are specifically arranged, the one, the Denla formula of Britain Bruce company, the 2nd, the Stevmanta formula of Dutch Vryhof company, two kinds of anchor slab versions are totally different.The difference of anchor slab version has determined simultaneously that also the anchor slab conversion regime has very big difference.

Denla formula normal direction load anchor is made up of anchor slab and rigidity anchor shin two parts, and anchor slab and anchor shin are locked by safety pin when the towing installing condition, and the two becomes fixedly acute angle, embeds the soil body under the towing that is used to make anchor slab that ship (AHV) is installed in drag anchor.After anchor slab embeds soil body assigned address, AHV sails back backward, after near arriving above the anchor slab, apply load perpendicular to the plate face, when this load reaches preset value, safety pin will lose efficacy and come off, rigidity anchor shin rotate and perpendicular to the plate face time by locked, this moment anchor slab change mode of operation over to.

Stevmanta formula normal direction load anchor is made up of anchor slab, soft rope anchor shin and angle demodulator.For traditional towing anchor, rigidity anchor shin is replaced by soft rope anchor shin, and the angle between anchor shin and the anchor slab changes with the variation of front and back anchor shank length ratio.Article four, soft rope anchor shin and angle demodulator connect together, and are built-in with safety pin on the angle demodulator, and the soft rope anchor shin in anchor slab front and back was not isometric when towing was installed, and anchor slab and towing cable are angled, claim towing to embed the angle.Anchor slab embeds the soil body under the effect of dragging of AHV, along with the increase of anchor slab insert depth, gradeability increases gradually.When anchor slab advanced to a certain degree of depth in soil, the installation load that AHV provided reached predetermined value, and the safety pin on the angle demodulator lost efficacy, thereby made anchor become the normal direction strained condition from installing condition.This transformation is very obvious for AHV, and the bearing capacity of sudden change can make AHV stop to move to the direction away from anchor, and this moment, normal direction load anchor entered the mooring mode of operation.

Compare with rigidity anchor shin, soft rope anchor shin has embodied more superior performance in the application of normal direction load anchor.At first, the length of soft rope anchor shin is easy to control, can change towing according to influence factors such as soil properties more conveniently and embed design parameterss such as angle.Secondly, soft rope anchor shin is stressed simple, only is subjected to axial tension, and simultaneously, it is less relatively that the anchor shin is met native area in installation process, helps the performance of anchor slab embedded performance.Once more, soft rope anchor shin makes the distribution of bearing capacity on anchor slab more reasonable, helps the performance of anchor slab load-carrying properties.Above plurality of advantages makes soft rope anchor shin that the better development prospect be arranged in the application of normal direction load anchor.

In summary, now in the world the conversion regime of comparative maturity all design around safety pin.This size with power is that the realization of conversion has increased uncertain factor as the method for designing of standard.Because the complexity of soil property, the stressed size of anchor slab in the towing process is difficult for prediction, the randomness that this will cause safety pin to lose efficacy, and then will fundamentally influence the realization of anchor slab installing and locating.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of normal direction load anchor to change necessary member to moored condition, make the installation of normal direction load anchor easier, reliable, stable by installing condition.

For this reason, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:

A kind of normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism, comprise conversion bodies and three snap closes that offer chute, described conversion bodies is divided into lower beam by chute, before chute, the position that back two ends rely on upper boom offer be respectively applied for connect before and after the anchor shin before be the hole and after be the hole, the orientation that relies on upper boom in the rear end of described chute offers the draw-in groove that is communicated with chute, be provided with at the draw-in groove mouth place that draw-in groove and chute join and prevent the shell fragment that comes off once more after slide fastener slips into draw-in groove, it before the described conversion bodies hole, after be that hole and chute place are provided with three snap closes that match respectively, preceding is that the snap close that the place, hole is provided with is the U-shaped snap close, be respectively arranged with two rings at the two ends of this U-shaped snap close, its middle part is provided with pin.

As preferred implementation, normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism of the present invention, the upper surface of described upper boom is handled through the chamfering rounding; Described two rings have at least in the ring to be provided with screw thread; If minor face anchor shank length is a, the length of long side anchor shin is b, gets two anchor shins and be the distance L=b-(a+b)/2 between the hole; If the pulling force that single anchor shin maximum can be carried is F _s, f ₁Be the maximum pull value of towing cable in the switching process, f ₁The proportionality coefficient that pulls insertion force with anchor slab is μ, and the permissible stress of establishing the conversion bodies material therefor is [σ], gets the upper bar width and is ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="h"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_1=\sqrt{\frac{1.2\mathrm{L\&mu;}{F}_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}},$ Get lower beam width sum $D=\frac{2F_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}.$

The normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism (hereinafter to be referred as switching mechanism) of invention, its conversion is controlled by loading angle fully, has got rid of the influence factor of the size of power, makes the installation of normal direction load anchor more easy, reliable.Compare with existing conversion regime in the world, that this invention has is simple in structure, conversion is reliable, the advantage of stable performance.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 towing and moored condition anchor shin change scheme drawing.

Fig. 2 conversion bodies front elevation of the present invention.

Fig. 3 switching mechanism switching process scheme drawing, wherein (a) is Condition Of Tow, (b) is transformation condition, (c) is the mooring mode of operation.

Fig. 4 with before be the snap close that matches in the hole, (a) be front elevation; (b) be lateral plan.

Gradeability in Fig. 5 towing process.

The angle of towing cable and anchor slab in Fig. 6 towing process.

Gradeability in Fig. 7 switching process.

The angle of anchor slab in Fig. 8 switching process.

The angle of towing cable in Fig. 9 switching process.

The angle of towing cable and anchor slab in Figure 10 switching process.

The specific embodiment

Its mechanism of the switching mechanism of the present patent application is by the application of force direction of change towing cable, and switching mechanism is rotated, and then conversion is finished in the position of change gradeability point of action.In the towing process, switching mechanism 1 is as the part of rear end anchor shin, shown in solid line among Fig. 1.In the end of conversion normal direction carrying stage, switching mechanism 1 is as the part of front end anchor shin, as shown in phantom in Figure 1.According to corresponding length relation, four anchor shins on the plane shown in Figure 1 projected length identical (below mention anchor shank length all refer to projected length), thereby reach the stressed state of normal direction.Among the figure, l wherein _AD=a is a front end anchor shank length, l _BD=b is a rear end anchor shank length, l _CD=L is the effective length of switching mechanism 1.

Fig. 2 (a) is a conversion bodies front elevation of the present invention.Normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism of the present invention, be provided with conversion bodies and three snap closes of one chute 2 in the middle of comprising, by chute conversion bodies is divided into upper boom 3 and lower beam 4, before the position that relies on upper boom 3 in the rear and front end of chute 2 offers be hole 5 and after be hole 10, during use, link to each other with rear end anchor shin with front end anchor shin respectively.The orientation that relies on upper boom 3 in the rear end of chute 2 offers draw-in groove 6, and makes a call to two apertures 9 near draw-in groove 6, is used at draw-in groove mouth 7 shell fragment (figure does not draw) being set.To enter draw-in groove when slide fastener slides to the chute end, shell fragment can't be deviate from it.Three snap closes are that hole and chute are used with former and later two respectively.

Fig. 2 (b) is the definition of conversion bodies size, and wherein L is an effective length, and d is the effective thickness of conversion bodies; h ₁And h ₂Be respectively upper boom 3 and lower beam 4 width.

Introduce the design process of switching mechanism of the present invention below in detail.

One, conversion bodies effective length L's determines

According to specific anchor shank length, determine the effective length of conversion bodies.Suppose that minor face anchor shank length is a, the length of long side anchor shin is b, determines the effective length of conversion bodies according to formula (1).

L＝b-(a+b)/2 (1)

Switching mechanism be for realize normal direction load anchor by installing condition to conversion of operation state design-calculated particular component, satisfying under its reliability prerequisite, the outward appearance of mechanism should be with lightly as one of principle of design.Design cooresponding anchor shank length by specific anchor slab and determine that after the conversion bodies length, the intensity of switching mechanism should be complementary with the intensity of used anchor shin.

Two, conversion bodies thickness d and Effective width D's determines

According to requirement of strength, design conversion bodies effective thickness d and Effective width D.

The load maximum that anchor slab bears in working order, conversion bodies and front end anchor shin in-line at this moment.The suffered load of conversion bodies is mainly along the pulling force on its length direction, and its load-carrying properties design is carried as design standard with front end anchor shin maximum.

If the pulling force that single anchor shin maximum can be carried is F _s, then two anchor shins of front end maximum can be held 2F _sPulling force.Be that conversion bodies also should can be born 2F at least _sValue of thrust.

If the permissible stress of conversion bodies material therefor tension is [σ], then the sectional area of conversion bodies should be at least:

A＝2F _s/[σ] (2)

For making the rotation of conversion bodies in switching process smooth and easy, its shearing section design in soil should be not excessive, and the thickness of conversion bodies generally can be chosen according to the diameter of anchor shin or the diameter of towing cable.

After thickness is determined,, can get by Effective width D=A/d:

$D=\frac{2F_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}---\left(3\right)$

Wherein Effective width D is the wide sum of upper and lower bar, i.e. D=h ₁+ h ₂, generally get h ₁=h ₂=D/2.

The moment of flexure effect will be born in conversion bodies chute top in switching process, for guarantee that stretch bending distortion, the wide h of chute top bar do not take place in this process ₁Size should obtain guaranteeing.

The module of anti-bending section of this bar is:

$W=\frac{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="d\; h"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">d</figure-callout>}{h_{}}^{}{{}_1}^2}{6}---\left(4\right)$

Then the maximal bending moment that can bear of conversion bodies top is:

M＝[σ]W (5)

This bar maximal bending moment that may be subjected in switching process is again:

M＝0.15Lf ₁ (6)

F wherein ₁Maximum pull value for towing cable in the switching process.By perfect estimation, the load-carrying capacity sum of establishing four anchor shins equates with the bearing capacity of anchor slab.In general, the bearing capacity of normal direction load anchor is towing 2.5 ~ 3 times of insertion force.Suppose the conversion power f of conversion bodies ₁The proportionality coefficient that pulls insertion force with anchor slab is μ, and this coefficient is relevant with the insert depth of soil property and anchor slab, and relational expression is to sum up then arranged:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="f"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_1=4F_s\&times;\frac{1}{3}\mathrm{\&mu;}=\frac{4}{3}{F}_s\mathrm{\&mu;}---\left(7\right)$

Can get upper bar width h thus ₁For:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="h"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_1=\sqrt{\frac{0.15\&times;6L\&times;4\mathrm{\&mu;}{F}_s}{3d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}}=\sqrt{\frac{1.2\mathrm{\&mu;}{F}_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}}---\left(8\right)$

So, ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="h"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_1={\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="h"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H2.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_2=\sqrt{\frac{1.2\mathrm{L\&mu;}{F}_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}}---\left(9\right)$

Three, conversion bodies details and accessory constituent specification

Shown in Fig. 2 b, determine that according to the effective length L of conversion bodies a, b anchor shin are the distance in hole, the aperture in two holes is by the diameter decision of the snap close that links to each other with the anchor shin.

The width of chute is by the slide fastener diameter decision that links to each other with towing cable, and for guaranteeing the smooth and easy slip of slide fastener in chute, the chute width should leave certain surplus.

Chute end and anchor shin are that the relative position in hole can determine that the width between the width between the slotted eye edge and slotted eye edge and the outline mainly determines that by the width requirement of protective cover 1 ~ 1.5 times that generally gets groove width or aperture gets final product with reference to Fig. 2 c.

Cut soil resistance for reducing conversion bodies in switching process, its upper surface 8 can carry out the sphering chamfered.Except that conversion bodies, also can design some purpose made attaching partss the performance of switching mechanism is better brought into play.

Fig. 2 (c) is the size scheme drawing of an embodiment of conversion bodies of the present invention.

In the work progress, the slide fastener that links to each other with towing cable is positioned at the chute front end earlier, i.e. the position in close front end anchor shin mooring points hole.On AHV, with slow outstanding the putting to sea bed of anchor slab, the anchor point is consistent with the direction that AHV will advance.

When anchor slab initially buried, the part towing cable was in level planted agent state, and anchor slab and horizontal surface have certain angle (promptly initially being located the angle) so that anchor slab can embed in the soil, and this angle is formed by the support that is fixed on the anchor slab.In general this angle is unsuitable excessive, with comparatively suitable smaller or equal to 20 degree.

In whole telescopiny, slide fastener is positioned at the conversion bodies front end always.When anchor slab was embedded in assigned address, AHV stopped towing, and then advance in the opposite direction until arriving the conversion place, this change-over point should be by anchor slab center of gravity and the straight line vertical with anchor slab and the intersection point on sea level.The AHV limit is to the change-over point limit take-up of advancing, but towing cable should still be in relaxed state, just is subjected to big load once more when avoiding anchor slab not enter mode of operation, influence anchor slab and locatees.

After AHV arrives the conversion place, continue take-up, reach conversion value up to pulling force conversion bodies is rotated, slide fastener slides to the conversion bodies rear end by the conversion bodies front end and finishes conversion.After finishing conversion, apply the pulling force that is about two times of conversion power once more, the anchor shin is exceptionally straight fully before and after making, and towing cable this moment and its extended line vertical with anchor slab passes through the anchor slab center of gravity.So far, switching process finishes, and normal direction load anchor is for entering the mooring mode of operation, as shown in Figure 3.

The design mock-up experiment is in order to check the implementation result of this invention technology.Experiment is carried out in the model sasnd groove, the towing cable angle (β) and the gradeability (F) of the azimuth (α) that placement sensor is used for locating dislocation and measure the whole experiment anchor slab respectively, the end that links to each other with the anchor shin.It is the model anchor slab of 300mm that experiment is adopted wide, design anchor shin angle θ=30 °, and the length of front and back anchor shin is a=301mm, b=521mm.Angle behind the end of conversion between towing cable and the anchor slab should be 90 °.

Can be got by formula (1), the effective length of conversion bodies is:

L＝b-(a+b)/2＝521-(301+521)/2＝110mm

Consider that factor such as switching mechanism connection can have influence on the value of effective length, for reaching the standard that effective length is 110mm, a, the b anchor shin mooring points hole on conversion bodies is actual in being 117.5mm.

Switching mechanism and anchor shin are cut the soil rotation jointly, and the thickness of conversion bodies determines that with reference to two anchor shin diameter sums it is the zinc-plated aircraft cable of φ 3 that the anchor shin is selected diameter for use, and then the thickness of conversion bodies is:

d＝6mm

The minimum breaking force of testing used zinc-plated aircraft cable is 0.6～0.8 ton, presses the least favorable situation, gets single anchor shin maximum and is carried as 0.8 ton.Heat-treat behind the switching mechanism material selection 45# steel, its yield strength is 355MPa.

Can be got by formula (3), conversion bodies free area width is:

$D=\frac{2F_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}=\frac{2\&times;0.8\&times;{10}^3\&times;10}{6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;355\&times;{10}^6}=7.51\mathrm{mm}$

This model experiment is husky for doing, and can extrapolate conversion force rate example factor mu according to observed data and get 0.1, can be got maximum towing cable pulling force f in the switching process by formula (7) ₁For:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="f"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">f</figure-callout>}}_1=4F_s\&times;\frac{1}{3}\mathrm{\&mu;}=\frac{4}{3}{F}_s\mathrm{\&mu;}=\frac{4}{3}\&times;0.8\&times;{10}^3\&times;10\&times;\frac{1}{10}=1040N$

Promptly change maximum pull and be approximately 0.1 ton.

Can get the width h of upper bar by formula (8) ₁For:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="h"\; filenames="A2009100700440010H1.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">h</figure-callout>}}_1=\sqrt{\frac{1.2\mathrm{L\&mu;}{F}_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}}=\sqrt{\frac{1.2\&times;110\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;0.1\&times;0.8\&times;{10}^3\&times;10}{6\&times;{10}^{-3}\&times;355\&times;{10}^6}}=7\mathrm{mm}$

Because experiment needs to consider to improve anchor slab, might adopt more high-intensity anchor shin.So conversion bodies is by over design, the wide h of upper bar ₁Get 7mm, widen 3mm on this basis again, be used for the sphering chamfered.For making lower beam symmetry substantially, the wide h that is taken as of lower pole ₂=8mm, then section width D=7+8=15＞7.51mm meets the demands.

It is the antitorque steel rope of φ 6 that the experiment towing cable is selected diameter for use, also elects 6mm as so be attached thereto the snap close diameter that connects, and considers that the chute of conversion bodies places sand, it is smooth and easy as far as possible for slide fastener is slided in groove, the chute width is got 8mm, and the chute end is provided with draw-in groove, and the draw-in groove opening part is provided with shell fragment.

The snap close diameter that links to each other with a, b anchor shin is respectively 8mm and 6mm, so the diameter in a, b anchor shin mooring points hole is taken as 9mm, the width between the width between the slotted eye edge and slotted eye edge and the outline is generally between 8～15mm.

Fig. 4 (a) is a front elevation for being the snap close 13 that matches in the hole with preceding anchor shin; (b) be lateral plan.This kind snap close, main body is bent into U-shaped by a round steel, bending place semicircular in shape, two annulus 11 of two end welding of straight line portion, one of them annulus inboard is threaded, and is used for inserting, standing screw (figure does not draw) is that the hole links to each other with the front end anchor shin of conversion bodies.The U-shaped straight line portion roughly midway location weld a round steel pin 12, when snap close links to each other with conversion bodies, round steel pin 12 is stuck in the conversion bodies lower edge, and making between snap close 13 and the conversion bodies can have a minimum angles all the time in towing and conversion starting stage, is beneficial to the enforcement of conversion.

Towing embeds and transition experiment repeats to have implemented three groups altogether, and three groups of observed data repeatability better, and are as shown in table 1.With the 3rd group of data instance experimentation is described.Anchor slab initially is located the angle and is set to 20 °, and slide fastener is placed the conversion bodies front end, and towing slide block simulation AHV applies gradeability, drags anchor slab and is embedded in the soil body.When anchor slab was dragged to assigned address, gradeability reached maxim F _Max=1.21 tons, as shown in Figure 5.Stop towing this moment, anchor slab azimuth angle alpha=11.6 °, the towing cable angle is β=23.3 °, then the angle of towing cable and anchor slab is alpha+beta=34.9 °, as shown in Figure 6.

Determine dislocation according to the anchor slab orientation, will change slide block and be fixed in change-over point.Apply pulling force by the towing slide block, and pass through the direction of the pulley change pulling force of conversion slide block, in order to simulate the process of the AHV take-up application of force that is positioned at change-over point in the actual engineering.As can be seen from Figure 7, required maximum pull value is f in the switching process ₁=0.11 ton, be 1/11 of towing insertion force.Conversion moment pulling force becomes f ₂=0.02 ton, can reduce criterion with the moment of this pulling force as conversion.After the conversion, apply pulling force once more to about two times that change required maximum pull value, pulling force reaches f ₃=0.21 ton hour stops the application of force.From the empirical curve of Fig. 8, Fig. 9 as can be seen, the angle that reaches anchor slab in the journey in conversion does not have to change substantially, and the angle of towing cable changes greatly.When the conversion overall process finishes, the angle beta of towing cable=79.7 °, the angle of towing cable and anchor slab is alpha+beta=91.3 °, as shown in figure 10, this angle reaches the requirement that normal direction is carried near vertical.

As can be seen from Table 1, after the conversion, towing cable and anchor slab angle are respectively 88.9 °, 89.7 ° and 91.3 ° in three groups of observed datas, all are no more than 2% with respect to 90 ° of errors.The serviceability of switching mechanism that hence one can see that is good.

Table 1 switching mechanism observed data table

The normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism that the present invention proposes can effectively be applied to the scientific research carried out at novel towing anchor and the engineering application of mooring system in deep water.Its applicable situation comprises:

1, model flume experiment

In the model flume experiment, with ocean clay or sand embedding medium as anchor slab, by model scale and experiment condition requirement, can obtain understanding to characteristics such as anchor slab embedding, state exchange, normal direction carryings, and can design concrete size of switching mechanism model and appropriate design accessory structure by aforesaid principle of design and method on this basis.Simultaneously, model engineering reality is implemented towing and conversion to anchor slab, by the parameters in acquisition system monitoring and the storage experimentation, through corresponding data acquisition, processing and conversion, can draw out the correlation curve of reflection switching mechanism conversion performance, curve is analyzed, obtained understanding the switching mechanism performance.

2, on-the-spot land experiment

Embodiment and model flume experiment are basic identical.

3, engineering is used

Change necessary important component by installing condition to mode of operation as normal direction load anchor, can determine the switching mechanism size according to pairing anchor shank length of specific anchor slab and intensity.Operation by marine drag anchor installation ship embeds the sea bed ad-hoc location with the anchor slab towing, realizes conversion, gets ready for normal direction load anchor enters moored condition.

Claims (4)

1. normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism, comprise conversion bodies and three snap closes that offer chute, described conversion bodies is divided into lower beam by chute, before chute, the position that back two ends rely on upper boom offer be respectively applied for connect before and after the anchor shin before be the hole and after be the hole, the orientation that relies on upper boom in the rear end of described chute offers the draw-in groove that is communicated with chute, be provided with at the draw-in groove mouth place that draw-in groove and chute join and prevent the shell fragment that comes off once more after slide fastener slips into draw-in groove, it before the described conversion bodies hole, after be that hole and chute place are provided with three snap closes that match respectively, preceding is that the snap close that the place, hole is provided with is the U-shaped snap close, be respectively arranged with two rings at the two ends of this U-shaped snap close, its middle part is provided with pin.

2. normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the upper surface of described upper boom is handled through the chamfering rounding.

3. normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that described two rings have at least in the ring to be provided with screw thread.

4. according to any described normal direction load anchor towing-mooring switching mechanism of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that establishing minor face anchor shank length is a, the length of long side anchor shin is b, gets two anchor shins and be the distance L=b-(a+b)/2 between the hole; If the pulling force that single anchor shin maximum can be carried is F _s, f ₁Be the maximum pull value of towing cable in the switching process, f ₁The proportionality coefficient that pulls insertion force with anchor slab is μ, and the permissible stress of establishing the conversion bodies material therefor is [σ], gets the upper bar width and is $h_1=\sqrt{\frac{1.2L{\mathrm{\&mu;F}}_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}},$ Get lower beam width sum $D=\frac{{2F}_s}{d\left[\mathrm{\&sigma;}\right]}.$

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