CN101620195A - Method for detecting internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon by smell sensor - Google Patents
Method for detecting internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon by smell sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101620195A CN101620195A CN200910184044A CN200910184044A CN101620195A CN 101620195 A CN101620195 A CN 101620195A CN 200910184044 A CN200910184044 A CN 200910184044A CN 200910184044 A CN200910184044 A CN 200910184044A CN 101620195 A CN101620195 A CN 101620195A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon by a smell sensor, belonging to the technical field of farm product detection. An electronic nose is utilized to collect smell parameters of a collected sample. The volume of a closed container for placing the sample is 150 mL, the best sampling time of the electronic nose is 43 s, and the elution time of the sensor is 10 s. A reading G/G0 output by the electronic nose is substituted in a lossless prediction model of the internal quality of the jirou sweet persimmon so as to obtain hardness Hard 1 and solid-acid ratio of a detected fruit, or G/G0 is substituted in a lossless discriminating model of a grade of the internal quality of the jirou sweet persimmon so as to obtain the grade of the internal quality of the lossless discriminating jirou sweet persimmon. The method can rapidly detect the internal quality of the jirou sweet persimmon in a contactless mode, thereby reducing fruit wastes caused by sampling detection. Simultaneously, aiming at the smell characteristics of the jirou sweet persimmon, modules in the smell sensor are optimized, and an optimal sensor module combination is designed aiming at the jirou sweet persimmon, thereby reducing the operational cost of the smell sensor.
Description
Technical field
The present invention be a kind of at jirou sweet persimmon detect the method for its inside quality with smell sensor, belong to technical field of agricultural product detection.
Background technology
Raising along with people's living standard, the consumption conversion of the direction from the tuple amount to the heavy amount to fruit, how to change simultaneously the low present situation of agricultural products in China outlet added value, for peasant and fruit processing enterprise extra earning become fruit circulation in recent years, storage and detect maximum problem of paying close attention to.
At present, the annual persimmon total production in the whole world surpasses 2,000,000 tons, and presents the situation that increases gradually.Persimmon really is rich in VC and moistening lung, heat-clearing, reduces phlegm, cough-relieving, and except that eating raw and do the dried persimmon, still the preserved fruit of various dish and sweet goods with the vinegar that persimmon is done, is amber and unique flavor, is the flavoring additives of many dish.Because persimmon really belongs to climacteric type fruit, need can preservation its green harvesting when ripe.The problem that occurs the inside quality inequality in the postharvest storage process easily is not difficult to reach the foreign exchange earning requirement if do not carry out the inside quality judgement.Its soluble solid in addition, the variation of total acid etc. be difficult to surface color direct first related can't be by apparent analysis.Then can lose a large amount of samples if carry out the destructiveness detection, cause waste.
The commercially produced product of smell sensor: Electronic Nose is the instrument that analysis, identification and the detection of complex of the novelty that grows up a kind of nineties in 20th century smelt flavor and most of volatile components, by the instrument formed of electrochemical sensor array and suitable pattern recognition device optionally necessarily, single or compound smell can be discerned, gas or other potpourri of single component can also be used to discern.It and general chemistry analytical instrument, as differences such as chromatograph, spectrometer, capillary electrophoresis apparatus, that obtain is not the qualitative and quantitative result of certain or certain several composition in the sample, but gives the Global Information of volatile ingredient in the sample.From the bionics angle, Electronic Nose is the artificial product of humans and animals nose.Along with Electronic Nose is used widely, more and more studies show that, the utilization Electronic Nose Technology carry out the smell analysis, can estimate smell objective, accurately and quickly, and have repeatability characteristics, this be humans and animals nose can't be obtained.
The smell that fruit distributed changes can reflect the variation of fruit internal quality well, so can estimate the quality of fruit by hearing its smell.Yet the people can only experience the smell that 10000 kinds of uniquenesses, and particularly when distinguishing similar smell, people's ability to see things in their true light just is restricted.Fruit carries out metabolism by respiration and becomes ripe at the different stages of ripeness and the duration of storage of growth, and therefore in the different stages of ripeness, its smell that distributes also can be different.Pol, pH value and the hardness of fruit etc. are one of signs of fruit internal quality, obtain yet these indexs all will diminish detection.Electronic Nose can solve preferably with the method for Non-Destructive Testing and discern above-mentioned inside quality parameter.External having carried out the research of inside quality with smell sensor to fruit, but exists speed to reach the problem of stability more slowly.Existing at home scholar is used in the defective of fruit and animal products, the detection of quality with Electronic Nose.But do not see the correlative study that detects internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon with smell sensor.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters
The objective of the invention is at the problems referred to above, provide a kind of at jirou sweet persimmon, detect the method for its inside quality with smell sensor, the present invention can carry out non-contacting rapid system detection to the inside quality of jirou sweet persimmon, and can realize carrying out classification according to export standard.
Technical scheme
A kind of smell sensor detects the method for internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon, it is characterized in that: with the smell parameter of Electronic Nose collected specimens, when detecting, the container of placing sample is 150mL, the parameter acquiring optimum time point of Electronic Nose sampling is 43s, sensor elution time 10s, the parameter response value reading of Electronic Nose output touch resistance G and the ratio G/G0 of sensor at the resistance G0 that passes through standard activity carbon filtering gas behind the sample volatile matter according to sensor
G/G0 substitution internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon be can't harm forecast model:
Wherein the ratio of the response resistance of G/G0 representative sensor is designated as sensor number down
The internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon index that obtains being detected is respectively hardness of fruit Hard1, and the ratio SSC/TA of soluble solid content SSC and total acid TA content promptly claims solid acid ratio;
Perhaps with the harmless discrimination model of G/G0 substitution internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon grade:
Wherein the ratio of the response resistance of G/G0 representative sensor is designated as sensor number down
Obtain the harmless grade of differentiating internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon.
The smell sensor that is adopted is an Electronic Nose, and model is PEN3 type (German AIRSENSE company).
Beneficial effect
1. can detect the inside quality of jirou sweet persimmon fast based on the method for smell sensor survey internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon, a large amount of minimizing because of the fruit waste that sampling Detection caused, and can monitor by regular fruit to storage, improve its sale added value.
2. detect the method for internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon based on smell sensor, the inside quality of jirou sweet persimmon is discerned and detected, have fast, accurately, advantage such as identification range is wide.Can be used for the sorting of jirou sweet persimmon, aspects such as process control.Help improving it and sell added value.
3. this method is according to the odor property of jirou sweet persimmon, and the sensor in the Electronic Nose is selected and optimized, and designed the sensor combinations at jirou sweet persimmon the best.Reduced the operating cost of Electronic Nose.
Four, description of drawings
Fig. 1: technology path of the present invention and data analysis flow process
Fig. 2: sensor weight analysis result
Five, embodiment
At the present invention is the method that a kind of smell sensor detects internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon.Sample is a jirou sweet persimmon.Specific implementation process comprises three parts:
Determining of 1 Electronic Nose (model is the German AIRSENSE PEN3 of company type) sampling parameters
Select with the zone different maturity stages, 250 in representative jirou sweet persimmon sample.Measure response parameter one by one with the smell sensor array, analyzing responding value curve (with time correlation), by " diff " function in the MATLAB2007b science computational tool case, to the maximum slope of response curve differentiate calculated response value curve, determine that the pairing time point of this maximum slope is 43 seconds for the most stable time point of detection of this research.
Select elution time commonly used (by absorbing the time that clean air is removed the interfering process of a last sample): 5s, 10s and 15s carry out the experiment of sample respectively and compare, and when finding that elution time is 5s, the wide cut vibration appears in sample signal next time.The interference that the residual smell of a sample is described is not eliminated, when elution time is 10s and 15s next time sample signal all with flat line to rising.The interference that the residual smell of a sample is described is eliminated fully, considers that from the angle of detection speed selecting 10s is elution time.
For sample, needs selection closed container is placed sample and is tested the smell of sample in this container, carries out the Electronic Nose test.In general container is excessive, and smell needs the long period to be evenly distributed in container, influences the test duration, and the too small easy damage sample of container.Consider that the jirou sweet persimmon diameter is bigger, through the experiment of putting into of 250 samples, the beaker of relatively selecting to determine 150ml with cover is experiment container (the big lightization glass in Nanjing Instr Ltd.).
2 based on the harmless forecast model of internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon of smell sensor parameter and the building process of the harmless discrimination model of inside quality grade
With above 250 samples be divided into two groups wherein 150 measure the smell sensor response parameter one by one as the model construction group, located to write down sensor response parameter G/G0 in 43 seconds.Surveyed the conventional physiological index determining of the inside quality of the laggard capable jirou sweet persimmon of smell sensor parameter, comprised (a) hardness of fruit, (b) soluble solid and total acid ratio SSC/TA.Assay method is:
(a) hardness of fruit
The hardness of fruit adopts TPA (texture profile analysis) method (matter structure instrument is that Sweden produces the TVT-300XPTVT-300XP type) to measure.Round to be put on the pallet after fruit is removed the peel and test, read its Hard1 data as hardness.
(b) soluble solid and total acid ratio SSC/TA
The sampling mode of soluble solid and total acid is taken a sample with reference to national standard (GB/T 8855-2008).Assay method carries out with reference to national standard method (GB/T 12295-1990) and (GB/T 12293-1990) respectively.Round and measure its soluble solid and titratable acid after the fruit peeling is squeezed the juice.Soluble solid content (SSC) is measured by hand-held Abbe refractometer method; Titratable acid (TA) content is fixed by the Accurate pH instrumentation, and potentiometric titration is to pH8.1.Write down its result.
Consider not to be that all sensors play effect to jirou sweet persimmon attributional analysis and prediction, the dimension of 10 sensors is excessive, in order to satisfy the needs that the later stage makes up model, must screen sensor.The main sensors that can reflect its Changing Pattern is selected in variation according to jirou sweet persimmon storage period.Again with its response prediction inside quality.This process comprised for two steps, at first adopted weight analysis instrument that smell sensor operating system carries that the response performance of sensor is screened.Obtain carrying out the leading feature sensor combination of analyzing and screening finally definite of sensor in conjunction with the quality Changing Pattern in the jirou sweet persimmon storage again behind a collection of sensor corresponding to the concrete index of quality.
The Loadings of jirou sweet persimmon analyzes and sees Fig. 2.In Fig. 2, if single-sensor in pattern-recognition load parameter (horizontal, ordinate respective value approaches 0 near 0, it is less to illustrate that this sensor plays a role in pattern-recognition, if the response of single-sensor deviates from 0 more, it is bigger to illustrate that this sensor acts in identification, thereby confirms as identification sensor.Fig. 2 shows, sensor 1 (W1C), and 3 (W3C), 5 (W5C), 7 (W1W), 9 (W2W) are bigger at role under precondition, and sensor 2 (W5S), 4 (W6S), 6 (W1S), 8 (W2S) W2S, the effect of 10 (W3S) is less.Consider No. 3 main responses of sensor corresponding to chemical composition be ammoniacal liquor, and jirou sweet persimmon does not almost have the release of this type of material in storage.Participate in estimating inside quality so get rid of this sensor, confirm that tentatively the identification sensor to internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon is a sensor 1,5,7,9.For in the further clear and definite sensor 1,5,7,9 to the significance level of internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon analysis and prediction, respectively to above four sensors to the hardness of fruit and solid acid than do the dominance analysis (calculating of DPS11.00 software statistics, Tang Qiyi).The result is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: sensor is predicted the dominance analysis result of different inside quality indexs
From table 1 we as can be seen for the jirou sweet persimmon hardness of fruit, 1,7, No. 93 sensors all occupy larger proportion on dominance, therefore considering when making up the Electronic Nose parametric prediction model, with the response of these 3 sensors as characteristic variable.For the solid sour ratio in the jirou sweet persimmon storage, 5,7, No. 93 sensors all occupy larger proportion on dominance, therefore considering when making up the Electronic Nose parametric prediction model, with the response of these 3 sensors as characteristic variable.And wherein No. 5 sensors are sensors of characteristic identification alkane, and there be getting in touch of inherence in this variation with soluble solid.
After having determined the feature sensor of different Q factors, respectively it is carried out modeling.Adopt the method for ridge regression, carry out model construction (realization of DPS statistical software) (the ridge regression model training values of factor K of choosing is 1.5, and the margin of error is 0.0001).And model carried out variance analysis and check.Wherein the sensor response is respectively with G/G0
1, G/G0
5, G/G0
7, G/G0
9Expression.Model construction is as shown in Equation 1: variance analysis and assay such as table 2, and shown in the table 3.
Table 2: the sensor response is to the process and the model summary of hardness of fruit ridge regression
Variance analysis and assay show that this model is believable (P is all less than 0.001) and have excellent popularization ability (adjust R side greater than 0.95).
(formula 1) (ratio of the response resistance of G/G0 representative sensor wherein is designated as sensor number down)
Calculate the back by the data of substitution modelling verification group and find that its accuracy rate is lower than 3%, so do not need to readjust model regression coefficient K and error statistics amount M.
The harmless discrimination model of the internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon grade based on the smell sensor response that inside quality forecast model shown in the formula 1 is set up in conjunction with general international standard (GB/T20453-2006) is shown in the formula 2: the scale-up factor that wherein will consolidate acid ratio and hardness is made as 1: 1..
(formula 2) (ratio of the response resistance of G/G0 representative sensor wherein is designated as sensor number down)
3 model use-cases
Open Electronic Nose (model is the German AIRSENSE PEN3 of company type) power supply, behind the preheating 5min.Get a jirou sweet persimmon sample, put into the band beaker (vinyl cover) of 150ml.Insert with the Electronic Nose measuring sonde and sweet persimmon beaker to be housed to measure, set minute point and be begin to measure 43s, elution time is 10s.Note the response G/G0 of sensor, select in the Electronic Nose 1,7, the harmless forecast model of the internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon based on the sensor response that the response average substitution of No. 9 sensors builds in advance, the Hardness Prediction part of (formula 1 the first half), select in the Electronic Nose 5,7, the harmless forecast model of the internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon based on the sensor response that the response average substitution of No. 9 sensors builds in advance, predicted portions is compared in the solid acid of (formula 1 the latter half), (particular sensor combination and certain quality index correspondence)
The ratio of the response resistance of the G/G0 representative sensor in (formula 1) formula is designated as sensor number down
Can obtain the inside quality result of jirou sweet persimmon after the result of calculation.Be respectively hardness Hard1=15.67; Gu SSC/TA=64.31 is compared in acid.The hardness (matter structure instrument mensuration) of this jirou sweet persimmon of labor measurement simultaneously and solid acid are respectively 15.13 and 65.94 than the result, and the error of reckoner person of good sense worker measured value and model predication value is in 0.5%.The predictive ability that this model is described is fine.
The internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon grade based on the sensor response that the response difference substitution of each smell sensor is set up in conjunction with general international standard can't harm in the discrimination model, as shown in Equation 2 again.
(formula 2)
Result in the formula 2 is 156.74 between 143.35 and 176.71.The grade that can obtain jirou sweet persimmon is green ripe.
Claims (2)
1. a smell sensor detects the method for internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon, it is characterized in that: with the smell parameter of Electronic Nose collected specimens, when detecting, the closed container of placing sample is 150mL, the parameter acquiring optimum time point of Electronic Nose sampling is 43s, sensor elution time 10s, the parameter response value reading of Electronic Nose output touch resistance G and the ratio G/G0 of sensor at the resistance G0 that passes through standard activity carbon filtering gas behind the sample volatile matter according to sensor
G/G0 substitution internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon be can't harm forecast model:
Formula 1
The ratio of the response resistance of the G/G0 representative sensor in the formula 1 is designated as sensor number down
The internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon index that obtains being detected is respectively hardness of fruit Hard1, and the ratio SSC/TA of soluble solid content SSC and total acid TA content promptly claims solid acid ratio;
Perhaps with the harmless discrimination model of G/G0 substitution internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon grade:
Formula 2
The ratio of the response resistance of the G/G0 representative sensor in the formula 2 is designated as sensor number down
Obtain the harmless grade of differentiating internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon.
2. detect the method for internal quality of jirou sweet persimmon according to the described a kind of smell sensor of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the smell sensor that is adopted is an Electronic Nose, and model is the German AIRSENSE PEN3 of company type.
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| CN102944585A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-02-27 | 南京农业大学 | Detection method of fruit postharvest diseases by smell sensor |
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| CN102426630A (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2012-04-25 | 党宏月 | Method for establishing electronic fingerprint database for expiratory gas of pneumonia patient |
| CN102944585A (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-02-27 | 南京农业大学 | Detection method of fruit postharvest diseases by smell sensor |
| CN104833780A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-08-12 | 南京农业大学 | Method of predicting quality grade of strawberries on the basis of ethanol sensor |
| CN106596860A (en) * | 2016-12-19 | 2017-04-26 | 深圳市北测检测技术有限公司 | Automobile odor detection method and detection system |
| CN110618242A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2019-12-27 | 北京锐康远中科技有限公司 | Method for detecting freshness of pork |
| CN111220496A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-06-02 | 中国农业科学院农业信息研究所 | Apple quality detector and detection method |
| CN112255196A (en) * | 2020-09-21 | 2021-01-22 | 百瑞源枸杞股份有限公司 | Processing withering standard-reaching monitoring method for Chinese wolfberry tea |
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Application publication date: 20100106 |