CN101616871B - Biological water treatment by alternating continuous and sequential aeration - Google Patents

Biological water treatment by alternating continuous and sequential aeration Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101616871B
CN101616871B CN2007800454572A CN200780045457A CN101616871B CN 101616871 B CN101616871 B CN 101616871B CN 2007800454572 A CN2007800454572 A CN 2007800454572A CN 200780045457 A CN200780045457 A CN 200780045457A CN 101616871 B CN101616871 B CN 101616871B
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aeration
sequential
pattern
concentration
setting point
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CN101616871A (en
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C·勒穆瓦纳
P·格莱利尔
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Veolia Water Solutions and Technologies Support SAS
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OTV SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/006—Regulation methods for biological treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/001—Upstream control, i.e. monitoring for predictive control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/14—NH3-N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/15—N03-N
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
    • C02F2209/38—Gas flow rate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S210/00—Liquid purification or separation
    • Y10S210/902—Materials removed
    • Y10S210/903—Nitrogenous

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
  • Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)

Abstract

A water treatment method using a biological reactor to break down the nitrogen-based pollution contained in said water, said reactor comprising a biomass aerated by aeration means, said treatment comprising simultaneous nitrification/denitrification phases, characterized in that said treatment implements two aeration modes: a continuous aeration mode; a sequential aeration mode in which the aeration interruption is triggered when the ammonia concentration reaches a low predetermined threshold while the aeration is activated when the ammonia concentration reaches a high predetermined threshold, the switching from one aeration mode to the other being activated according to the nitrate concentration in said water, said continuous aeration mode being activated when said nitrate concentration reaches a low predetermined threshold, and said sequential aeration mode being activated when said nitrate concentration reaches a high predetermined threshold.

Description

Through alternately carrying out continuously and the biological treatment of the water of sequential aeration
Technical field
The present invention relates to water treatment field.More particularly, the present invention relates to handle through nitrogenous city or the Industrial emissions that carry out with removal technology carbon based pollutants, the removal of this pollutent is to carry out through the biomass (biomasse) of freely cultivating or be combined on the solid material.
Background technology
The routine techniques that depollutes of water uses bio-reactor, biological example strainer or active sludge.
According to this technology, with the reactor drum aeration to guarantee processing to pollutent.Yet, must carry out appropriate control to the degree of this aeration, so that two kinds of opposite being reflected in the same reactor drum coexist: a kind of reaction is aerobic, is nitrification (N), another kind of reaction requires not have oxygen, is denitrification (DN).In fact, spendable oxygen excess must be many more in the reactor drum, and denitrification is suppressed more, and vice versa.
Therefore, the overall efficiency of decontamination method (rendement) directly depends on the adjusting to aeration.
In the method for prior art,, in reactor drum or in its exit, carry out the measurement of given parameter usually in order to regulate aeration to biomass according to pending pollution.These measurements are intended to confirm in accurate system state constantly.Based on this state, calculate gas flow control (commande) and use then.Usually measure ammonium, nitrate salt, redox-potential or dissolved oxygen ....Also use other parameters that can be called as " complex parameter ".They comprise the linear combination of the variable of surveying.
Therefore, aspect municipal wastewater treatment process management (conduite), pollutant load index (quality of N-NH4 is in the kilogram number of every cubic metre of aeration reactor every day) is established as the data useful to this management.
In fact, publication number is the patented claim of WO 01/02306A1 has been defined this pollutant load by the measurement of specific conductivity and turbidity a estimated value.
Yet this relates to estimates rather than directly measurement.Yet, under the situation of the adjustment that requires pinpoint accuracy, can not use such instrument.
A reason using this estimated value is to buy and safeguard the cost of particular analysis device.Therefore should be understood that this low cost is accompanied by very limited performance.
At present, distinguish dissimilar adjustment strategies in the prior art.
According to one of these adjustment strategies, the efficient of calculating biomass use distribution oxygen (oxygenedistribu é) " Ct " is with the adjustment gas flow.This is that the patent of FR 2 764 817 describes by publication number.
This Technology Need uses benchmark Ct, and this benchmark Ct self depends on pending pollution.Yet difficulty is pollutant load along with the time changes, and this benchmark Ct should regularly change to remain unanimity, and this has got rid of it and under the situation of the discharge of height change, has used.
The linear combination of the input variable of other technologies using system (ammonium, nitrate salt ...) to calculate the gas flow control that will adopt, is described in the international patent application of WO 93/07089 like publication number particularly.
Yet these technology are based on experience or semi-empirical model.The control function that uses is basically based on the data that obtained by formerly operation experiments.If model since the variation of filter capability or biomass and improper, then aeration will no longer be optimum.
The controlling valu of input measurement to estimate to adopt through using system obtains to improve significantly.Yet this always relates to sequential aeration.
Prior art has also proposed to use the system in so-called " feedback/feed-forward " adjustment loop (also can be described as reversed reaction loop/trend loop).
According to a kind of approach of these systems, some authors propose to be intended to control through the ammonium of measuring inlet the strategy of the dissolved oxygen concentration in the bio-reactor.
Based on another kind of approach, use pending ammonium load notion to predict the required variation of dissolved oxygen set point.
According to other technologies, the adjustment of aeration volume is based on the compartmentization of reactor drum the adjustment of gas velocity or flow (rather than based on).Yet this strategy discontinuity (the discontinuous variation of aeration volume) in essence causes the author always to accomplish its system through the adjustment dissolved oxygen.
Have another kind of aeration pattern, it relates to aeration simultaneously.This pattern is to make nitrification and these two kinds of opposite reactions of denitrification to coexist in same reactor drum with the same space at one time.
Yet, must control the degree of this aeration suitably, to keep molecular balance.
This last a kind of pattern is recorded in the patent documentation that publication number is WO2006/000680, and reveals higher efficient and better properties than above-mentioned aeration pattern list.
Yet during very high pollutant load peak (pollutant load: flow multiply by Pollutant levels), the metastable equilibrium of acquisition is weakened, and observes the reduction of denitrification performance, thereby observes the reduction of use characteristics in one day.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention particularly overcomes these shortcomings of prior art.
More particularly, the object of the present invention is to provide the aeration process aspect the bioremediation of the water of the biomass that adopt aeration, it all is well behaved in all cases, the restriction at the pollutant load peak that does not particularly receive to occur.
The present invention also aims to provide easy to implement, comprising this technology of on existing apparatus, implementing.
These purposes and following other purposes that will occur reach through the present invention; The present invention relates to by bioreactor for treatment water to reduce the water treatment method of nitrogen-containing pollutant contained in the said water; Said reactor drum has combined (int é grant) biomass with aeration measure (moyens) aeration; Said processing comprises nitrification/denitrification stage simultaneously, it is characterized in that said processing alternately implements two kinds of aeration patterns:
-so-called continuous aeration pattern;
-sequence (s é quenc é) aeration pattern stops aeration when ammonia concentration reaches predetermined low threshold value in the process of this sequential aeration pattern, and when ammonia concentration reaches predetermined high threshold, play pneumatic aeration,
Start according to the nitrate concentration the said water to the conversion of another kind of aeration pattern from a kind of aeration pattern; Said so-called continuous aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration reaches predetermined low threshold value, and said sequential aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration reaches predetermined high threshold.
Therefore, the present invention's implementation condition (to the processing of the pollutent that arrives factory) of giving chapter and verse is changed the aeration pattern automatically, and this makes can optimize nitrogenous and efficient carbon based pollutants removal method.
Carry out according to treated water quality standard with the automatic selection of the optimal aeration pattern of the pollutant load that is applied to bio-reactor, particularly carry out according to nitrate concentration.
In addition, the invention enables a setting point that to confirm with each relevant regulators of these patterns, thereby help operator's optimization processing method.
The a setting point of selecting notion to be incorporated into to be applied to rudimentary regulator and the use of the high-level regulator in the adjustment modes had certain originality.
This is because even those skilled in the art will know that the various possible adjustment type of aeration, also do not have to make used aeration pattern and a setting point continually varying instrument thereof before this.
On the contrary, these control strategies (continuous aeration and sequential aeration) are mutually exclusive up to now.
The present invention proposes to use the technical scheme along with optimal strategy of time.This is to confirm according to the nitrate concentration that processing obtains.It also makes it possible to confirm according to the formation of nitrate salt the optimum handling concentration of ammonia.Well known by persons skilled in the artly be: can not confirm simultaneously to handle a setting point to formed nitrate salt and ammonia, although their summation has been represented the gross contamination index.Usually, sequence or continuous aeration pattern are used ammonia (NH4) a setting point of being confirmed by the operator, and it confirms the processing horizontal of the nitrogen-containing pollutant of expectation: contained total nitrogen in the treated water.
The present invention is through calculating the minimized ammonia a setting point of total nitrogen concentration of confirming to be defined as nitrate salt and ammonia sum.
According to preferred parameter, said so-called continuous aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration descends the threshold value that reaches about 4mg/l, and said sequential aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration raises the threshold value that reaches about 10mg/l.
Certainly, these threshold values can change as required.
Advantageously, in said sequential aeration mode process, aeration is limited timing system (temporisation) in time.
Equally advantageously, in said sequential aeration mode process, the stopping of aeration limited timing system in time.
According to a kind of preferred scheme, said continuous aeration pattern adopts the forecast Control Algorithm to nitrate salt in the said water and ammonia concentration.
Adopt this method of respective algorithms under the situation of NH4/O2/ air cascade (cascade) loop, to be used for NDN adjustment simultaneously, and shown that in this case its performance is suitable for the problem of the type.
According to a kind of favourable scheme, said forecast Control Algorithm comprises the sequential step of the ammonia a setting point that will reach according to the nitrate salt a setting point adjustment that will reach.
According to another favorable characteristics, said forecast Control Algorithm comprises the sequential step of adjustment aeration a setting point when said nitrate concentration reaches predetermined high threshold.
In this case, the said step of the said step of adjusting said ammonia a setting point and the said aeration a setting point of adjustment is advantageously by regularly (cadenc é es), and preferably staggers each other in time.
Description of drawings
Through reading following explanation and accompanying drawing to the preferred embodiment of the invention, other features and advantages of the present invention will be more readily apparent from, and this preferred embodiment only is illustrative rather than restrictive, wherein in the accompanying drawing:
-Fig. 1 is the synoptic diagram that is transformed into another kind of aeration pattern in the method for the invention from a kind of aeration pattern;
-Fig. 2 is the synoptic diagram of the sequential aeration pattern in the method for the present invention;
-Fig. 3 is the synoptic diagram of the continuous aeration pattern in the method for the present invention;
-Fig. 4 is the unitary synoptic diagram of pilot scale that is used for the embodiment of the present invention method;
-Fig. 5 is the chart of nitrification when being illustrated in constant NH4 a setting point/denitrification adjustment;
-Fig. 6 is the chart that shows nitrification/denitrification adjustment of carrying out through the cascade of NO3 and NH4 regulator;
-Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 be show through of the present invention continuously and the chart of nitrification/denitrification adjustment of carrying out of the combination between the sequential aeration;
-Fig. 9 shows the chart of distribution that has the fate of given mud turnout according to diverse ways.
Embodiment
Principle of the present invention is the bioremediation of city or trade effluent is implemented the management of automatic aeration mode, and wherein aeration alternately is successive or sequence.
Employed adjustment is based on nitrate salt and the on-line measurement of ammonia in the activated sludge tank.According to the following embodiment that will explain, this comprises the measurement to treated water, because the feasible representative that can treated water be regarded as groove of the use of membrane filtration.This is because at this moment groove is similar to well-beaten reactor drum.(manipulation) variable of control is the air flow quantity in the pilot plant.
The strategy that adopted uses the stepped control principle: major control relates to the selection of aeration type: sequence or successive.Secondary control is corresponding to special (adhoc) Adjustment System that is used to realize required aeration type.
The principle (Fig. 1) of the management 1 of aeration pattern is to use nitrate concentration to measure 2 as the index that is applied to the pollutant load of treatment station.
See that from the angle that the regulator of management continuous aeration meets the ammonia a setting point nitrate concentration will show processing power, and make it possible to the estimating system work capacity under nitrification/denitrification at the same time.
In fact, as long as do not suppress denitrification for meeting the required aeration of ammonia a setting point, then low-level and this method of nitrate concentration maintenance is carried out the continuous aeration mode 3.
On the contrary, if in order to meet above-mentioned requirements aeration by force, the rising of dissolved oxygen has reduced the power of denitrification so, and nitrate concentration raises fast.
Therefore, when observing the accumulation of nitrate salt, it is usually corresponding to the pollutant load peak, and preferably is transformed into sequence pattern, because for carrying out nitrification and denitrification simultaneously, bio-tank no longer is under the gratifying condition.
Certainly, if ongoing pattern is a sequential aeration, measures the threshold value that nitrate concentration is higher than corresponding to the peak and will cause ongoing pattern to be maintained 5.
In fact, this strategy is to adopt timing (minimum and maximum time) and the system high and protonitrate level (hysteresis) management aeration pattern through being used for each pattern.For example, the threshold value of in pilot scale, verifying is:
-low threshold value=4mg N-NO3/L;
-high threshold=10mg N-NO3/L.
Illustrate in greater detail every kind of aeration pattern below.
Sequential aeration is handled 4 and carried out (Fig. 2) as follows: it also relates to the management to high threshold 42 and low threshold value 43, still has ammonia and measures 41 to play pneumatic aeration 44 and to stop aeration 45 (hysteresis), wherein adds minimum and maximum timing in case lost efficacy.
This operator scheme can be applied to only be equipped with aerator and the treatment station that do not have the umformer (variateur) of conventional NDN.Directly measuring pollutent through the measurement of ammonia makes this method to have more reactively and more simply to manage.
The continuous aeration adjustment strategy that is used for enforcement nitrification/denitrification simultaneously (NDNs) is to use the regulator cascade of so-called PFC (Predictive function control).The details of this regulator is explained below.
Fig. 3 shows the operation of loop.
According to the nitrate salt a setting point 31 (being selected from 3-6mg-N-NO3/L) that should meet, first regulator calculates the ammonia a setting point in the 1-4mg-N-NH4/L scope that will reach.This relates to according to the pollutant load that applies and keeps the balance between the nitrification and denitrification reaction indirectly, and wherein ammonia measurement of concetration 32 is measured 33 variations similarly with nitrate concentration.
In this case, suppose that nitrate salt raises when load raises, this means that denitrification (DN) efficient reduces and nitrification (N) efficient raises, this causes whole efficiency (NDNs) to reduce.
This strategy thereby be strict inadequately to the ammonium of treated water, and allow higher residual level.In fact, the operating point 35 (air minimizing) of the change of the balance of try reconstruct N and DN efficient, and unit technology is to reach new optimization.
On the contrary, when load reduces, can under the situation that does not reduce denitrification efficient, obtain the quality of better treated water.It is pointed out that two regulators not in identical speed (cadence) operation down, unstable to avoid system.Be used for the regulator per quart hour change ammonia a setting point of NO3, the regulator PM that is used for NH4 changes.
By J.Richalet (J.Richalet (1993) " Pratique de la commandepr é dictive " (predictive control program); The HERMES version) this algorithm of explaining has been applied under the situation of a level system of constant-gain, yet can according to circumstances use variable gain.One of concrete characteristic of this control is the notion of reference locus.The approach that it is clear and definite interrelates a setting point of technology and prediction level.This equals to set simultaneously a plurality of coincide points.Most of time for returning a setting point, is selected first order kinetics.
Under situation of the present invention, hope to make deviation to follow index and reduce with the time constant of operator's setting.
Another key character is freely changing of this model: it is independent of the variation of this method, this feasible recursive nature that can utilize this transport function, and therefore reduce and calculate.
The expression formula of this control is described below.
Equality 1:PFC control
S m ( n ) = S m ( n - 1 ) · e T ϵ τ + G s · ( 1 - e T ϵ τ ) · u ( n - 1 )
u ( n ) = 1 G s ( k 0 ( S p ( n ) - C ( n ) ) + S m ( n ) )
The setting of this regulator is easy, because except the identification of this model, only has adjusting parameter k 0, it is defined as TRBO (open-loop response time, i.e. not adjustment) and the TRBF ratio of (closed loop response time, promptly adjustment is by starting).Optimum k 0Be generally 3.
The system of underway examination has under the situation of pure delay θ=r.Te, then has another kind of control expression formula.
Equality 2: have the PFC control of pure delay
u ( n ) = 1 G s ( k 0 ( S p ( n ) - C ( n ) + S m ( n - r ) - S m ( n ) ) + S m ( n - r ) )
The PFC algorithm is more easy to implement than PID (PI derive regulator), but more effective.This algorithm has been used for NDN adjustment (publication number is the patent documentation of WO 2006/000680) simultaneously under NH4/O2/ air cascaded loop situation, and has been illustrated in the problem that its performance in this case is suitable for the type.
Ultimate principle of the present invention can be summed up as follows.
The decomposition of nitrogen-containing pollutant comprises two reactions: nitrification and denitrification.Nitrification is aerobic reaction, causes NH 4Be transformed into NO 3Denitrification is an anaerobic reaction, causes NO 3Resolve into gaseous state N 2
The invention reside in the processing that improves nitrogen-containing pollutant through hocket continuous aeration pattern and sequential aeration pattern; (section and at the same space) at one time takes place in these two kinds of reactions simultaneously in the continuous aeration mode process, the non aerated phases that in the sequential aeration pattern, hockets and aeration phase and these two kinds alternately generations of reaction in this process.NO when treated discharge 3When concentration reached predetermined high threshold, the transformation to the sequential aeration pattern took place.In the sequential aeration pattern, as the NH of treated discharge 4When concentration reached predetermined low threshold value, aeration stopped, and as the NH of treated discharge 4When concentration reached predetermined high threshold, aeration was activated.
As long as nitrification is promptly NH 4Resolve into NO 3Required aeration does not suppress denitrification, NO 3Concentration does not just exceed predetermined high threshold.This system can be in NDNs (carrying out nitrification and denitrification simultaneously) operation down.Keep the continuous aeration pattern this moment.
NO 3Rising mean and the reduction of denitrification efficient help the raising of nitrification efficient.Work as NO 3Concentration surpasses in the time of should being scheduled to high threshold, and this system no longer can make two kinds of reactions coexist simultaneously, i.e. operation under NDNs.For rebuilding the balance between these two kinds of reactions, thereby need the starting sequence pattern so that denitrification stage and nitrification stage hocket.Thereby (conventional nitrification and denitrification) operated by this system under NDNc.
When starting sequence aeration pattern, stop aeration to promote removing excessive N O through denitrification 3This causes observing NH gradually 4Raise, this is because nitrification is suppressed.Work as NH 4When concentration arrives predetermined high threshold, activate aeration to promote its decomposition through nitrification.Work as NH 4When concentration is hanged down, mean NO 3Concentration raises, stops aeration once more to promote denitrification.
The sequence pattern in denitrification stage and nitrification stage of hocketing remains to NO 3Concentration reaches predetermined low threshold value.At the terminal point in nitrification stage, when arriving NH 4When hanging down threshold value, if the NO that measures 3Concentration is lower than predetermined low threshold value, means once more under NDNs, to operate.Thereby starting continuous mode.
Therefore, in case the condition of this effect requirements is met, just convert system to another kind of aeration pattern from a kind of aeration pattern.
The present invention also makes it possible to optimize NDNs by implementing Forecasting Methodology, and its principle is summarized as follows:
The load of former water (eau brute), promptly the concentration of pollutent wherein changed along with the time.For example, found that the load of municipal wastewater increases in the morning, reduced in the afternoon then, reached a basicly stable level at night.
The liter of pollutant load and fall between transformation show as the appearance of polluting the peak, this is usually corresponding to NO 3Accumulation.
Under the continuous aeration pattern, NO 3The rising of concentration shows the incompatibility that system operates under NDNs.Yet, as long as NO 3Concentration is also at (on high threshold time activation sequence aeration pattern) under the high threshold, and system just continues under NDNs, to operate.Yet, high relatively NO 3Concentration shows that nitrification efficient is higher than denitrification efficient.In other words, the balance between two kinds of reactions is not an optimum.
For overcoming this problem, suitable is during polluting the peak, simultaneously nitrification to be maintained lower efficient through the promotion denitrification, makes these two kinds reaction reequilibrate.
The present invention proposes a kind of solution that helps to optimize NDNs in this respect.This scheme is to implement Forecasting Methodology.
The operator that this Forecasting Methodology is to be responsible for to implement treatment process is to change the NO that will reach in the middle of a day 3And NH 4The authority of the set-point value of concentration.
Therefore, according to the time in one day, i.e. on the estimation the pollutant load of pending water, the operator can select the NO that will meet in the finite concentration scope 3A setting point.Based on operator's a setting point, a PFC regulator calculates the NH that will reach 4A setting point.Based on the NH that calculates 4Concentration set point, the 2nd PFC regulator is confirmed the aeration a setting point.
Therefore, when the period pollutant load raises and NO at the peak 3When concentration raise, the operator can select the NO higher than the non-peak period 3Concentration set point.Then, the calculating NH that will reach 4Concentration set point.The value of this a setting point is higher than the value of peak period.In other words, the period is allowed NH at the peak 4Concentration is temporarily higher.Allow higher NH 4Concentration causes the reduction of nitrification efficient, and therefore reduces by NH 4Be decomposed to form NO 3Reach this result through reducing aeration.Reduce the rising that aeration must cause denitrification efficient, and therefore promote NO 3Decomposition.
Like this, between these two kinds of reactions, kept balance, these two kinds of reactions take place to pollute the NO that the peak causes to reduce simultaneously 3Concentration.Consequent water has optimum quality under the situation of considering environment.This be because, the NO of the nitrogen-containing pollutant that representative will be removed 3And NH 4The concentration sum is lower.
When pollutant load reduces, the NH of former water 4Concentration reduces, and NO 3Concentration very low.Therefore can be with lower NO 3And NH 4Concentration is target.Thereby the operator can select to reduce NO 3Concentration set point.The NH that calculates 4Therefore a setting point reduces, and the aeration a setting point raises.Therefore nitrification efficient raise.Yet, because NO 3Concentration low (off peak periods), denitrification efficient does not reduce.Therefore the glassware for drinking water of producing during the uncontamination peak has preferable quality.
The enforcement of this Forecasting Methodology thereby make it possible to according to implementation condition, particularly according to the variation of the pollutant load of pending water, the ability of utilizing this technology under NDNs, to operate best.Certainly, if pollutant load raises in proportion, make to arrive NO 3Predetermined high threshold, then system can not operate under NDNs, and the starting sequence pattern, makes this system under NDNc, operate.
Below explanation is used for pilot scale unit that method of the present invention is tested.
Membrane bioreactor has combined membrane separation technique and bio-reactor.To the main change of conventional activated sludge system (filiere) is with membrane filter unit 6 replacement settlers, and its guarantees separating of mixed solution and treated water.
This membrane bioreactor is based on a kind of hybrid technology: filtration module is immersed in the compartment, and this compartment places on the outer recirculation loop of bio-reactor.
Directly supply with this pilot scale unit with municipal wastewater.At first it is carried out the 1mm screening on rotating screen, pump is to bio-reactor then.The supply of former water is interrupted supply (s é quenc é) according to the horizontal plane in the post (niveau).
The volume of bio-reactor 7 is about 1.7m 3, be equipped with whisking appliance 71 so that active sludge is carried out homogenizing.Guarantee the aeration of groove through rill type air diffuser 72.The adjustment of air is the object of the invention.
In order to keep watch on the dissolved oxygen concentration in the bio-reactor, oxygen probe 73 is immersed in the activated sludge tank.
The discharging of mud is carried out through opening bleed valve 74 automatically, and this bleed valve is positioned on the recirculation loop 741, the ingress of film compartment 6.
Change at test period the length of time of mud.During whole reference, it is about 16 days.For the NDN stage simultaneously, it is from 16 days to 22 days, then by 30 days in this period process.The major cause of these modifications is in groove, to keep suitable suspended substance (MES) level, and this reduction with sludge yield is relevant, described in following result's part.
During the physical chemistry dephosphorylation, in reactor drum, directly carry out the injection 75 of iron(ic)chloride.Flow from syringe pump 76 depends on discharging (soutirage) flow 77, to obtain the constant processing rate.
The film module 6 that is immersed in the film compartment comprises one group of micro-filtration tubular fibre of being made by Memcor (Australia, registered trademark).The filtration 61 of mixed solution is carried out through suction through the emission flow of module top with the automation system adjustment.Permeate is stored in the groove that is used for backflush, is discharged in the water drain then.The cycle of filtration and backflush (injection of convection current permeate) was respectively 12 minutes and 30 seconds.Bulla aerating system 62 makes and can stir membrane fiber and suppress caking in its surface.
Safeguard cleaning through the 300ppm solution of injection convection current with chlorine weekly.
When the rate of permeation of film reaches about 80L.h -1.m -2.bar -1Low threshold value the time, carry out chemically cleaning with Hydrocerol A.
These films are the tubular fibre form that has crust (filtering from outside to inside) that is assembled into module, have 10m 2Filtration area.Their cutoff threshold is about 0.1 micron.
The result
Nitrification in the time of only with constant NH4 a setting point/denitrification adjustment
Test (Fig. 5) with pfc controller adjustment ammonia concentration shows that the ability of control air flow is gratifying, and therefore can obtain the tracking of acceptable a setting point through the amount of control injection air.
Observe in addition, use feedback system can be fit to this method separately, with the variation of prediction discharge.In fact, in our embodiment, flow does not change in one day process.
In the peak process, can notice pump efficiency should, if the supply flow noticeable change, this can be destructive, and this is named a person for a particular job through using publication number to regulate as the control described in the patent documentation of WO2006/000680.
It is almost nil also to observe in treating processes the concentration of dissolved oxygen, and peak is 0.3mg-O2/L.Not having residual oxygen (although several accidental peaks are arranged) is the good index of the effect of while NDN control method.
Yet nitrate concentration is still high during the pollutant load peak.Therefore need to regulate the ammonia a setting point with avoid through in addition slight excessive oxygenate suppress denitrification power.
Regulate ammonia a setting point (NO3/NH4 cascaded loop) in time
The cascade adjustment makes can regulate the ammonia treatment target continuously.Fig. 6 has shown the effect of the cascade adjustment of NO3 and NH4 concentration.Through with the contrast of Fig. 5, observe the reduction of nitrate salt peak value under similar treatment condition.
In this test, the max-thresholds of setting for the nitrate content in the treated water is 6mg-N-NO3/L.
The effect of regulator is estimated through the variation of ammonia concentration, so that make a setting point adapt to treatment condition.
In fact, NH4 a setting point (2 to 6mg-N-NH4/L) changed in the process at one day, so that adapt to the possibility of denitrification.Therefore, during the peak (morning), the NH4 concentration of treated water arrives 6mg-N-NH4/L.
On the contrary, in non-peak time, it is near 2mg-N-NH4/L, and nitrate concentration keeps below 6mg-N-NO3/L.This embodiment clearly illustrates that nitrate salt and both complementarity of ammonia measurement, to optimize NDN simultaneously.
The contribution that the aeration pattern changes automatically
(NO3 NH4) handles setpoint adjustments continuously, and these improvement possibly be inadequate to some treatment condition sometimes: particularly for the high once in a while every quality or the load of volume unit although through the cascade adjustment.
Fig. 7 and 8 has shown the effect that sequence and continuous aeration combine.Regulator of the present invention makes it possible to be converted to another kind of pattern according to high and protonitrate threshold value from a kind of pattern.
Therefore, when making, the load that applies uses the non-aeration time period that promotes denitrification when can not carry out gratifying while NDN.
The result shows that this can take place two to three hours in every day.Advantage is significantly to reduce the average nitrate concentration in the treated water.Observation Fig. 8 has confirmed under the situation of not damaging the ammonia value, during the peak, to have reduced the kurtosis at nitrate salt peak.
Can be automatically retracted back into conventional aeration through making, this system thereby bring further steadiness for the management of activated sludge tank and other bioremediation with index of correlation.
In addition, the transformation of adjustment modes of the present invention important bonus effect is to reduce sludge yield.Fig. 9 has shown the distribution (sludge quantity of number of weeks/production) of the sludge yield of every kind of setting.Observe and be transformed into simultaneously that NDN makes the center of gravity of distribution move to 0.35kg MES/kg DCO from 0.40kg MES/kg DCO.
The value that obtains reduces by 13% corresponding to the sludge quantity of producing.In addition, be regarded as constantly if will handle relevant mineral parts (in 0.1kg MES/kg DCO magnitude) with the physical chemistry of phosphorus, then the reduction of the output of biological sludge 17%.This can make the length of time of under the situation that does not receive the membrane filtration characteristic restriction, improving mud in the groove.The reduction of output is to use the significant advantage that said regulation rule obtains.

Claims (8)

  1. By bioreactor for treatment water to reduce the water treatment method of nitrogen-containing pollutant contained in the said water, said reactor drum has combined the biomass with aeration measure aeration, said processing comprises nitrification/denitrification stage simultaneously,
    It is characterized in that said processing alternately implements two kinds of aeration patterns:
    -so-called continuous aeration pattern;
    -sequential aeration pattern is worked as ammonia concentration and is reached predetermined in the process of this sequential aeration pattern
    Stop aeration when hanging down threshold value; And, ammonia concentration plays pneumatic aeration when reaching predetermined high threshold; Wherein start according to the nitrate concentration the said water to the conversion of another kind of aeration pattern from a kind of aeration pattern; Said so-called continuous aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration reaches predetermined low threshold value, and said sequential aeration pattern started when said nitrate concentration reaches predetermined high threshold, and
    Wherein said continuous aeration pattern adopts the forecast Control Algorithm to the nitrate salt in the said water and ammonia concentration, and said forecast Control Algorithm comprises the sequential step of when said nitrate concentration reaches said predetermined high threshold, adjusting the aeration a setting point.
  2. 2. the water treatment method of claim 1 is characterized in that said so-called continuous aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration descends the threshold value that reaches 4mg/l.
  3. 3. the water treatment method of claim 1 is characterized in that said sequential aeration pattern is started when said nitrate concentration raises the threshold value that reaches 10mg/l.
  4. 4. the water treatment method of claim 1 is characterized in that aeration is limited timing system in time in said sequential aeration mode process.
  5. 5. the water treatment method of claim 1 is characterized in that in said sequential aeration mode process, and the stopping of aeration limited timing system in time.
  6. 6. the water treatment method of claim 1 is characterized in that said forecast Control Algorithm further comprises the sequential step of the ammonia a setting point that will reach according to the nitrate salt a setting point adjustment that will reach.
  7. 7. claim 1 or 6 water treatment method, the said sequential step of said sequential step and the said aeration a setting point of adjustment that it is characterized in that adjusting said ammonia a setting point is by regularly.
  8. 8. the water treatment method of claim 7, the said sequential step of said sequential step and the said aeration a setting point of adjustment that it is characterized in that adjusting said ammonia a setting point be by regularly, and stagger each other in time.
CN2007800454572A 2006-12-08 2007-12-07 Biological water treatment by alternating continuous and sequential aeration Expired - Fee Related CN101616871B (en)

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FR0610738A FR2909661B1 (en) 2006-12-08 2006-12-08 METHOD OF TREATING WATER USING A BIOLOGICAL REACTOR INTEGRATED WITH AERATED BIOMASS ALTERNATIVELY IMPLEMENTING CONTINUOUS AND SEQUENCED AERATION MODES
PCT/EP2007/063536 WO2008068335A1 (en) 2006-12-08 2007-12-07 Biological water treatment by alternating continuous and sequential aeration

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