CN101614166A - Hydrocarbon retaining system and method - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to hydrocarbon retaining system and method, specifically describe a kind of during engine start, the transmission and be vented to the hydrocarbon holding device, and it is extracted system and method to engine intake manifold, comprise: during the warming-up situation, the exhaust of motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon; After the warming-up situation, extract hydrocarbon from the storage of hydrocarbon retaining system; And after extracting, and selecting during the operating mode when motor continues to rotate, the exhaust with motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system once more.The invention describes the plurality of replaceable methods that is used to control running and diagnosis deterioration.In addition, the invention describes the configuration of multiple association.The present invention can use cylinder deactivation more, also avoids the deterioration of emission control effect relevant with the catalyst temperature that reduces simultaneously.

Description

Hydrocarbon retaining system and method

[technical field]

Present invention relates in general to a kind of exhaust-gas treatment system that is used for explosive motor.

[background technique]

Engine response turns round under multiple mode of operation in request of environmental condition, driver etc.Some motors can be at stop mode, and sub-cylinder group for example turns round under fuel cut-off pattern or cylinder deactivation (intake valve/exhaust valve the keeps cutting out) pattern.

Yet the inventor has realized that some problems that this method is brought.As an example, the air-flow that effectively improves during this stop mode and/or reduce can make catalyst temperature be reduced to be lower than initiation temperature.

In addition, motor also can be in enrichment running under the various modes with protection motor or exhaust component, for example too high situation of catalyst temperature.

Again, the inventor of this paper has realized that this running can increase exhaust emissions.

[summary of the invention]

The method that has the motor of gas handling system, vent systems and hydrocarbon retaining system by a kind of running can solve at least some the problems referred to above, this method comprises: during the warming-up situation, the exhaust of motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon; After the warming-up situation, extract hydrocarbon from the storage of hydrocarbon retaining system; And after extracting, and selecting during the operating mode when motor continues to rotate, the exhaust with motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system once more.

Like this, (for example between the cylinder deactivation on-stream period) can utilize hydrocarbon retaining system during other operating mode of starting condition and generation after engine start and/or warming-up.Particularly, in this, it may use cylinder deactivation more, also avoids the deterioration of emission control effect relevant with the catalyst temperature that reduces simultaneously.

According to a further aspect in the invention, provide a kind of running to have the method for the motor of gas handling system, vent systems and hydrocarbon retaining system.This method comprises: during the warming-up situation, the exhaust of motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon; After the warming-up situation, when crossing hydrocarbon retaining system, the exhaust bypass extracts the hydrocarbon of hydrocarbon retaining system storage to engine aspirating system when transmitting; After extracting, and selecting during the operating mode when motor continues to rotate, the exhaust with motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system once more; And after once more exhaust being sent to hydrocarbon retaining system, when crossing hydrocarbon retaining system, transmission exhaust bypass extracts the hydrocarbon of hydrocarbon retaining system storage once more to engine aspirating system.

According to another aspect of the invention, provide a kind of running to have the method for the motor of gas handling system, vent systems and hydrocarbon retaining system.This method comprises: during the warming-up situation, the exhaust of motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon; After the warming-up situation, when crossing hydrocarbon retaining system, the exhaust bypass extracts the hydrocarbon of hydrocarbon retaining system storage to engine aspirating system when transmitting; After extracting, and selecting during the operating mode when motor continues to rotate, the exhaust with motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system once more; After once more exhaust being sent to hydrocarbon retaining system, the hydrocarbon that extracts the hydrocarbon retaining system storage when transmission exhaust bypass is crossed hydrocarbon retaining system once more to engine charge is; And the deterioration of discerning hydrocarbon retaining system based on the exhaust air-fuel ratio during the extraction operation.

Be that top summary of the invention provides the series of concepts that will further describe with simple form introducing in embodiment with should be understood that.It does not mean that the main or key feature of determining to ask for protection theme, and the scope of asking for protection defines by the claim that meets embodiment is unique.In addition, the theme of opinion is not restricted to the embodiment who solves any shortcoming that any part is mentioned in above mentioned or this specification.

[description of drawings]

Fig. 1 has shown that motor, vent systems and hydrocarbon (HC) keep the schematic representation of system.

Fig. 2 has shown the schematic representation of explosive motor.

Fig. 3,4,5,6 and 7 has shown that HC keeps the various embodiments of system.

Fig. 8,9,10,11,12,13 and 14 has shown that explanation motor, vent systems and HC keep the high level flow chart of the running of system.

[embodiment]

Fig. 1 has shown the schematic representation of Vehicular system 6.Vehicular system 6 comprises the engine system 8 that is connected to hydrocarbon (HC) maintenance system 22 and fuel system 18.

Engine system 8 can comprise the motor 10 with a plurality of cylinders 30.Motor 10 comprises gas handling system 23 and vent systems 25.Gas handling system 23 comprises the closure 62 that is connected to engine intake manifold 44 via gas-entered passageway 42 fluids.Vent systems 25 comprises leads to the gas exhaust manifold 48 that transmission is vented to the exhaust passage 35 in the atmosphere.Vent systems 25 can comprise one or more emission control systems 70, and it can be installed in the close-coupled position in the vent systems.One or more emission control systems can comprise three-way catalyst, rare NOx catcher, diesel particulate filter, oxidation catalyst etc.Be with should be understood that as shown in the exemplary engine of Fig. 2, can comprise for example multiple valve of other parts and sensor in the motor.

Vent systems 25 also can be connected to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 via pipeline 26 and valve 24 with turning round.In an example, exhaust can be sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 between the engine cold starting on-stream period.Subsequently, describe as following, in case emission control system 70 has reached its operating temperature, the hydrocarbon that remains in the system 22 can be extracted (purge) to motor via gas handling system 23.

Return Fig. 1, fuel system 18 can comprise the fuel tank 20 that is connected to fuel pump system 21.Fuel pump system 21 can comprise one or more pumps be used to the pressurize fuel of the sparger that transfers to motor 10, for example the example sparger 66 of Xian Shiing.Although only show single sparger 66, can adopt extra sparger for each cylinder.It is the fuel system that fuel system 18 can be no backflow fuel system, backflow fuel system or multiple other types with should be understood that.Further describe as following, the steam that produces in the fuel system 18 can be sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 via pipeline 31 before being extracted to engine aspirating system 23.

Fuel tank 20 can be preserved a plurality of fuel mixtures, comprises the fuel of a series of determining alcohol, for example comprises the multiple gasoline-alcohol mixture of E10, E85, gasoline etc. and their combination.

Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can comprise one or more hydrocarbon holding devices, and for example configuration is used for capturing from air inlet the hydrocarbon catcher of hydrocarbon temporarily.Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can further comprise when storage or gas can be sent to outside the maintenance system 22 ventilation duct 27 to the atmosphere when capturing hydrocarbon from vent systems 25 and/or fuel system 18.Ventilation duct 27 also can allow fresh air to be inhaled in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 via extracting pipeline 28 and extracting valve 29 when the hydrocarbon that extracts from the storage of vent systems 25 and/or fuel system 18.Although shown the ventilation duct 27 that is communicated with the fresh air of not heating in this example, also can use multiple modification.For example, can use the air inlet of extracting the heating of case from air.In addition, under selected situation, can use the exhaust of heating.

In system 6, can use the multiple systems configuration of the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 of multiple combination with valve, sensor etc.For example, with reference to the multiple systems configuration that figure 3 to 7 here describes, following discussion.Although and the various configurations of Fig. 3 to 7 shown the alternative feature of multiple concrete combination, also can combine to form another example arrangement from the various features among Fig. 3 to 7.Multiple in addition extra parts can be included in gas handling system, vent systems and the fuel system, for example the silencing apparatus in valve 24 downstreams.

Vehicular system 6 also can comprise control system 14.Control system 14 is shown as from a plurality of sensors 16 (this paper has described its multiple example) reception information and with control signal and is sent to a plurality of drivers 81 (this paper has described multiple example).As an example, sensor 16 can comprise exhaust sensor 126, temperature transducer 128 and the pressure transducer 129 that is positioned at the emission control system upstream.Other sensors for example pressure transducer, temperature transducer and component sensor can be connected to a plurality of positions in the Vehicular system 6, as discussed in detail here.As another example, driver can comprise fuel injector 66, valve 29, valve 24 and closure 62.Control system 14 can comprise controller 12.Controller can receive the input data from multiple sensors, handles the input data, and based on instruction or corresponding to the input data-triggered driver that code response is wherein handled that is programmed into of one or more programs.Here with reference to figure 8 to 12 the example control program is described.

Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can simultaneously or turn round during different operating modes and be used for from comprising the multiple source storage hydrocarbon of engine exhaust system 25 and fuel system 18.Under some operating modes, for example during the engine start when emission control system does not also reach its initiation temperature (for example reaching the temperature of selected abundant high transformation efficiency for this device of specific exhaust gas composition), exhaust can be sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 from vent systems 25, and is sent in the atmosphere by ventilation duct 27 subsequently.Like this, the increasing amount of cold starting hydrocarbon emission can be stored in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22, the heating of exhaust simultaneously emission control system 70.Subsequently, reach enough operating temperatures in case install 70, exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 and hydrocarbon retaining system 22 is isolated with engine exhaust basically.In addition, the fuel fumes that produce in the fuel tank 20 can be used for storage being delivered to engine aspirating system 23 and being sent to before motor 10 internal combustion in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22.Can be simultaneously, respectively or its combination realize these different memory modules (from vent systems 25 with from fuel system 18).

After isolating with exhaust, hydrocarbon retaining system 22 can be connected to engine aspirating system with by vent hole 27 suction fresh airs and the hydrocarbon that extracts storage to the engine aspirating system with in the motor internal combustion.Such extraction running can take place as during the selected engine operating condition described herein.

The additional detail that extracts and store running will be described here.

Fig. 2 is the schematic representation of a cylinder of demonstration multicylinder engine 10.Fig. 1 describes as reference, and motor 10 can be controlled through the input of input device 130 by the control system that comprises controller 12 with by vehicle operators 132 to small part.In this example, input device 130 comprises accelerator pedal and the pedal position sensor 134 that is used for producing pro rata pedal position signal PP.The firing chamber of motor 10 or cylinder 30 can comprise and have the chamber wall 32 that is positioned the piston 36 in it.Piston 36 can be connected to bent axle 40 so that make the to-and-fro motion of piston convert rotatablely moving of bent axle to.Bent axle 40 can be connected at least one driving wheel of vehicle via middle transmission system.And starter motor can be connected to bent axle 40 to open the starting operation of motor 10 via flywheel.

Firing chamber 30 can receive air inlet and can discharge combustion gas via gas exhaust manifold 48 from intake manifold 44 via intake duct 42.Intake manifold 44 and gas exhaust manifold 48 can optionally be communicated with firing chamber 30 via intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 separately.In certain embodiments, firing chamber 30 can comprise two or more intake valves and/or two or more exhaust valve.Intake manifold can comprise that fluid is connected to blast air to allow to extract the extraction path that steam is transported to the intake manifold 44 of motor.Make mainfold vacuum suck gas although this example has shown the extraction path in closure downstream, also can use multiple other configurations.For example, under the situation of turbosupercharged engine, extract circuit and can lead to the upstream of turbosupercharger compressor inlet.

In this example, can control intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 by cam drive via cam driving system 51 and 53 separately. Cam driving system 51 and 53 all can comprise one or more cams and can utilize can be by controller 12 runnings to change one or more cam profile conversion (CPS), variable cam timing (VCT), Variable Valve Time (VVT) and/or lift range variable (VVL) system of valve running.The position of intake valve 52 and exhaust valve 54 can be determined by position transducer 55 and 57 respectively.In an alternate embodiment, intake valve 52 and/or exhaust valve 54 can be by the mortor operated valve drive controlling.For example, cylinder 30 alternately comprises via the intake valve of mortor operated valve drive controlling and the exhaust valve of being controlled by the cam drive that comprises CPS and/or VCT system.

Fuel injector 66 is shown as and is connected directly to firing chamber 30 and is used for the pulse width direct injection pro rata of fuel and the FPW signal that receives via electronic driver 68 slave controllers 12 in it.In this way, fuel injector 66 provides to the firing chamber 30 with fuel in the mode that is called the fuel direct injection.Fuel injector can be installed in for example side or the top of combustion chamber of firing chamber.Fuel can be delivered to fuel injector 66 by the fuel system (not shown) that comprises fuel tank, petrolift and fuel rail.In certain embodiments, firing chamber 30 alternately or additionally comprises with the configuration that fuel is injected into the intake duct of 30 upstreams, firing chamber in the mode that is called intake port injection and is arranged on fuel injector in the intake duct 44.

Intake duct 42 can comprise the closure 62 with Rectifier plate 64.In this object lesson, controller 12 is via providing to the position of the signal change Rectifier plate 64 of electric motor that includes closure 62 or motor driver (a kind of configuration that is referred to as Electronic Throttle Control (ETC) usually).In this way, the closure 62 that can turn round provides air inlet in the firing chamber 30 to other engine cylinders with change.The position of Rectifier plate 64 can be provided to controller 12 by throttle position signal TP.Intake duct 42 can comprise Mass Air Flow sensor 120 and Manifold Air Pressure sensor 122 be used to provide separately MAF and the MAP signal to controller 12.

Under selected operation mode, ignition system 88 can respond the spark of self-controller 12 to shift to an earlier date signal SA and provide to the firing chamber 30 via spark plug 92 with ignition spark.Although shown the spark ignition parts, in certain embodiments, no matter have or not ignition spark, one or more other firing chambers of firing chamber 30 or motor 10 can the ignition by compression mode operation.

Exhaust sensor 126 is shown as the air outlet flue 48 that is connected to emission control system 70 upstreams.Sensor 126 can be any suitable sensor that is used to provide the exhaust air-fuel ratio indication, for example linear oxygen sensors or UEGO (general or wide territory exhaust gas oxygen sensor), bifurcation lambda sensor or EGO (exhaust gas oxygen sensor), HEGO (hot type EGO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC) or carbon monoxide (CO) sensor.Emission control system 70 is shown as along the air outlet flue 48 in exhaust sensor 126 downstreams and is provided with.Device 70 can be three-way catalyst (TWC), NOx catcher, multiple other emission control systems or its combination.In certain embodiments, between motor 10 on-stream periods, can be by periodically reseting emission control system 70 with at least one cylinder of specific air-fuel ratio operation motor.

Fig. 1 middle controller (or control system) 12 is shown as microcomputer, comprises microprocessor unit 102, input/output end port 104, is used for electronic storage medium (being shown as ROM chip 106 at this object lesson), random access memory 108, keep-alive storage 110 and the data/address bus of executable program and calibration value.Storage medium ROM (read-only memory) 106 can be programmed expression can by processor 102 carry out be used to carry out the method that describes below and can expect but the mechanized data of the instruction of other variable of specifically not listing.Controller 12 can receive multiple signal from the sensor that is connected to motor 10, those signals except discussing before also comprise: introduce Mass Air Flow (MAF) measured value, from the engineer coolant temperature (ECT) of the temperature transducer 112 that is connected to cooling cover 114, from the pulse igniting sensing signal (PIP) that is connected to bent axle 40 hall effect sensors 118 (or other types), from the throttle position (TP) of throttle position sensor with from the absolute mainfold presure signal (MAP) of sensor 122.Engine rotational speed signal RPM can be generated from pulse igniting sensing PIP signal by controller 12.Mainfold presure signal MAP from manifold pressure sensor can be used for providing vacuum or pressure in the intake manifold to indicate.

As mentioned above, Fig. 2 has shown a cylinder of multicylinder engine 10, and each cylinder can comprise its own group intake valve/exhaust valve, fuel injector, spark plug etc. similarly.

Fig. 3 has shown and has comprised and for example be arrangeding in parallel with exhaust duct 35 and in first embodiment 300 of the hydrocarbon retaining system of the hydrocarbon holding device of the HC catcher 310 in emission control system 70 downstreams and adsorption tanks (canister) 322.Exhaust duct valve 24 is positioned at exhaust duct and is used for stoping blast air during first pattern, and allows blast air to pass through during second pattern.By-pass line 312 is connected the upstream and downstream of exhaust duct valve 24.In addition, by-pass line 312 comprises first bypass valve 314, HC catcher 310 and second bypass valve 318.In this example, the HC catcher can comprise brick 320.In other example, the HC catcher can comprise a plurality of bricks or other structures, for example active carbon.In addition, HC catcher 310 also can be the active carbon of use micropore (0.5nm hole dimension scope) or the adsorption tanks of zeolite.By-pass line 312 is by ventilation duct 27 and lead to atmosphere by valve 318 and pipeline 35 alternatively.

In addition, HC catcher 310 can be connected to via passage 324 fluids and extract adsorption tanks 322.Extract 322 configurable being used for of adsorption tanks and collect steam, for example via the pipeline 328 that leads to fuel tank 20 from fuel system.Passage 324 can comprise valve 326.Extract adsorption tanks 322 and also can be connected to engine aspirating system via pipeline 330 and valve 332 fluids.Be similar to HC catcher 310, adsorption tanks 322 can comprise active carbon, although it can have difference, and for example high, porosity.

Although this example has shown two hydrocarbon holding devices (for example HC catcher 310 and extraction adsorption tanks 322), can adopt multiple substituting.For example, can use single hydrocarbon holding device, adsorption tanks for example, wherein the adsorption tanks running is with storage exhaust hydrocarbon and fuel tank steam.In addition, two hydrocarbon holding devices can be adsorption tanks, maybe can be the HC catcher.No matter HC keeps the concrete configuration of system, and the hydrocarbon holding device can receive the cold starting hydrocarbon of transmission and keep hydrocarbon.

In an example, because delivery temperature can fully be lower than the gamut of the delivery temperature of experience in the vent systems, the hydrocarbon holding device can comprise the granular active carbon that plastic shell contains.

Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 among Fig. 3 can be regulated with a plurality of mode operations by the selectivity of multiple valve by controller.For example, can carry out following operation mode:

Mode A: exhaust hydrocarbon storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 cut-off valves 24 and 326, and open valve 314 and selectively opened valve 318.In addition, valve 332 cuts out.The example operating mode is included in emission control system and has reached initiation temperature engine cold starting running before.Under this pattern, transmit by HC catcher 310 leaving via ventilation duct 27 to atmosphere from the exhaust of motor 10, when extracting adsorption tanks 322 simultaneously and isolating with exhaust and hydrocarbon retaining system.

Mode B: fuel fume storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24 and 326, and cut-off valve 314 and 318.Valve 332 can be closes, and the fuel tank steam is only stored in this case, does not extract.Alternately, valve 322 can be opened into the size of control, like this some fuel tank steams be stored and some be transported to motor be used for the burning.Under this pattern, at least some fuel tank steams transmitted before being discharged from by ventilation duct 27 by extracting adsorption tanks 322 and HC catcher 310 and keeping within it.Equally, fuel tank can be communicated to hydrocarbon retaining system.

Pattern C:HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks extract

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24 and 326, and cut-off valve 314 and 318.In addition, valve 332 can be the size that is opened into control, like this by ventilation duct 27 suck fresh airs with extract HC catcher 310 and extract adsorption tanks 322 by 330 and valve 332 to engine aspirating system 23.Under this pattern, can be from the fuel fume of the extraction of adsorption tanks and/or HC catcher in the motor internal combustion, exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 after emission control system is handled.

In alternate embodiment, except sucking the hydrocarbon of fresh air with the extraction storage via ventilation duct 27, this system can be extraly or alternately exhaust is sent to ventilation duct so that the exhaust of heating is heated hydrocarbon maintenance system and extracted the hydrocarbon of storing better.During particular case, can use such operation, for example cold ambient temperature.In addition, in some cases, system can specially transmit exhaust to heat hydrocarbon retaining system to higher temperature in the longer time during memory module, turn round thereby improve follow-up extraction.In an example, before extracting running, exhaust can be transferred into hydrocarbon retaining system (even during non-starting condition) to increase temperature and to improve follow-up extraction efficiency.When being reduced to threshold value under the hydrocarbon retaining system, maybe when occurring, chance can use this running when reducing to extract.

What note is that configuration among Fig. 3 makes the gas that flows through HC catcher 310 be sent back to exhaust duct 35 and discharges outlet pipe.Therefore, by using the valve 318 (it can be low temperature, low-cost valve compared to other outlet valves in the system) that allows blast air to be back to outlet pipe (or being sent to the outlet pipe position) can realize multiple advantage.For example, this is configured in cold starting and captures and to allow enough air-flows between on-stream period and exhaust need not be sent to other position outside the outlet pipe.In addition, port is used to extract air flow inlet by providing independently, can never be subject to the position suction extracting air that water injects influence.

In addition, when exhaust sent back as shown in Figure 3 vent systems, the HC catcher can be positioned at the upstream of silencing apparatus, leaked the releasing system Effect on Performance thereby reduce silencing apparatus.

Fig. 4 has shown second embodiment 400 of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.In this configuration, valve 24 comprises transmitting by pipeline 35 and is vented in the atmosphere or diverter valve to the pipeline 412.Fig. 4 has shown and has been parallel to the HC catcher 410 that exhaust duct 35 is arranged on the downstream of emission control system 70.Pipeline 412 is connected to the upstream of valve 24 and comprises HC catcher 410.

In addition, HC catcher 410 can be connected to via passage 424 and valve 426 fluids and extract adsorption tanks 422.Extract 422 configurable being used for of adsorption tanks and collect steam, for example via the pipeline 428 that leads to fuel tank 20 from fuel system.Extract adsorption tanks 422 and also can be connected to engine aspirating system via pipeline 430 and valve 432 fluids.Hydrocarbon retaining system 22 also can comprise first pressure transducer 436 and second pressure transducer 438 that is connected to pipeline 424.In addition, HC catcher temperature transducer 440 can be connected directly to the HC catcher.

Show that as signal among Fig. 4 ventilation duct 27 and 35 thermal couplings of at least a portion pipeline are so that heat shifts betwixt.In an example, but ventilation duct 27 spatial neighbor at least a portion pipelines 35.

The hydrocarbon retaining system of Fig. 4 can be adjusted under a plurality of patterns by the selectivity of controller by a plurality of valves and turn round.For example, can carry out following operation mode:

Mode A: exhaust hydrocarbon storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, controller 12 adjustable valves 24 with bypassing exhaust to pipeline 412, and cut-off valve 432 and 426.The example operating mode is included in emission control system and has reached initiation temperature engine cold starting running before.Under this pattern, transmit by HC catcher 410 leaving via ventilation duct 27 to atmosphere from the exhaust of motor 10, extract adsorption tanks 422 simultaneously and isolate with exhaust and hydrocarbon retaining system.

Mode B: fuel fume storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, controller 12 adjustable valves 24 pass through pipeline 35 with directing exhaust gas, and hydrocarbon catcher 410 and exhaust are isolated.In addition, but controller open valve 426, and cut-off valve 432.Under this pattern, at least some fuel tank steams transmitted before being discharged from by ventilation duct 27 by extracting adsorption tanks 422 and HC catcher 410 and keeping within it.

Pattern C:HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks extract

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, controller 12 adjustable valves 24 pass through pipeline 35 with the guiding exhaust, and hydrocarbon catcher 410 and exhaust are isolated.In addition, but controller open valve 426, and controllably open valve 432 with suck fresh airs by ventilation duct 27 and extract HC catcher 410 and extract adsorption tanks 422 by 430 and valve 432 to engine aspirating system 23.Under this pattern, can be from the fuel fume of the extraction of adsorption tanks and/or HC catcher in the motor internal combustion, exhaust simultaneously is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 after handling being discharged control gear.As above propose, heat is transferred to the fresh air in the suction ventilation pipe 27.In some instances, heat can be transferred by the alternative form that conduction, convection current, forced convection, combination on it or heat are transmitted.Like this, when system's warming-up during to operating temperature, warm air can improve the release that is stored in HC catcher 410 and/or extracts the hydrocarbon in the adsorption tanks 422.

Fig. 5 has shown the 3rd embodiment's of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 schematic representation.This embodiment is similar to the embodiment among Fig. 3, and except HC catcher 510 comprises two bricks 520, and configuration is used to make exhaust sequentially by brick, but paralleling abstracting they.Particularly, the system of Fig. 5 comprises and the exhaust duct 35 parallel HC catchers 510 that are arranged on emission control system 70 downstreams.Exhaust duct valve 24 (can be closure in this example) is positioned at exhaust duct and is used for stoping blast air during first pattern, and allows exhaust to pass through during second pattern.By-pass line 512 is connected the upstream and downstream of exhaust duct valve 24.In addition, by-pass line 512 comprises first bypass valve 516, HC catcher 510 and second bypass valve 518.By-pass line 512 also is connected to ventilation duct 27 via two parallel channels 534 and valve 538.

In addition, HC catcher 510 can be connected to via passage 524 fluids and extract adsorption tanks 522.Extract 522 configurable being used for of adsorption tanks and collect steam, for example via the pipeline 528 that leads to fuel tank 20 (not shown)s from fuel system.Extract adsorption tanks 522 and also can be connected to engine aspirating system via pipeline 530 and valve 532 fluids.

The hydrocarbon retaining system of Fig. 5 is adjusted under a plurality of patterns by the selectivity of controller by multiple valve and turns round.For example, can carry out following operation mode:

Mode A: exhaust hydrocarbon storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 cut-off valves 24 and 538, and open valve 516 and 518.In addition, valve 532 cuts out.The example operating mode is included in emission control system and has reached initiation temperature engine cold starting running before.Under this pattern, transmit to the atmosphere by HC catcher 510 (order is by brick 520a and 520b then) leaving from the exhaust of motor 10, simultaneously because air-flow props up valve 532 extracts adsorption tanks 522 and effectively isolate with exhaust via pipeline 35.

Mode B: fuel fume storage

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24,526 and 538, and cut-off valve 516 and 518.Valve 532 also can cut out.Therefore exhaust and adsorption tanks 522 and HC catcher 510 are isolated.Under this pattern, at least some fuel tank steams transmitted before being discharged from by valve 538 and ventilation duct 27 by extracting adsorption tanks 522 and HC catcher 510 and keeping within it.Especially, fuel fume at first transmitted before discharging by ventilation duct 27 by adsorption tanks 522 and parallel subsequently respectively by brick 520a and 520b.Like this and since exhaust and fuel tank steam at least from the various flows of brick 510a to, the fuel tank steam can be sentenced the variable concentrations storage at the diverse location of catcher.

Pattern C:HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks extract

During selecting motor and/or vehicle working condition, but controller 12 open valves 24 and 538, and cut-off valve 516 and 518.In addition, valve 532 can be the size that is opened into control, like this by ventilation duct 27 suck fresh airs with extract HC catcher 510 and extract adsorption tanks 522 by 530 and valve 532 to engine aspirating system 23.Under this pattern, can be from the fuel fume of the extraction of adsorption tanks and/or HC catcher in the motor internal combustion, exhaust is transferred in the atmosphere by pipeline 35 after emission control system is handled.Again, in the air-flow opposite with Mode B among Fig. 5 moved, fresh air was sent to brick 520a and 520b concurrently being combined and transmitting before extracting adsorption tanks 522.Like this, the extraction of steam be stored in whole bricks in the opposite direction of fuel tank steam and with the opposite direction generation of exhaust hydrocarbon that is stored at least one brick (520a) in.

This difference storage of sequential storage and paralleling abstracting and the draw-off direction of utilizing can improve storage and release, thereby increased the efficient of motor and releasing system.

Fig. 6 has shown other details of example of the 3rd embodiment of Fig. 5.Correspondingly mark like.In this example, valve 24,518 and 516 is the vacuum driven closure.The HC catcher comprises two brick 520a with active carbon ball 612,520b.Vacuum governor 614 is connected to valve 24,516 and 518, and configurable be used for as long as valve 518 and 516 for opening just cut-off valve 24, vice versa.In an example, vacuum governor 614 can pass through controller 12 motorized motions.

Continue to consult Fig. 6, first pressure transducer 540 and second pressure transducer 542 are connected to the import 616 and the outlet 618 of HC catcher.On-Board Diagnostics (OBD) (OBD) sensor 620 can be connected to first brick and the second brick 520a, between the 520b.The OBD sensor can be measured gas pressure, composition or the combination on it in the HC catcher.

In this example, HC catcher 510 can be positioned at final catalyzer afterwards still before silencing apparatus.In addition, the length from exhaust duct 35 can be greater than 12 inches to be reduced to 100 ℃ to allow to use plastic components with delivery temperature from 800 ℃.In addition, can further turn round carbon to reduce noise during the silencing apparatus in bypass is crossed exhaust duct.

Continue with reference to an example, be positioned at the plastic shell that the import of adsorption tanks and exhaust clack that outlet (616,618) is located can be plastics and can be integrated advance catcher/adsorption tanks.This device can comprise rubber gasket/O shape circle helping seal ring around shell, can be because the temperature of reduction is closed or around the plastics lobe at this place exhaust clack.Device 510 shell can comprise 1.5 " be used on sign outlet/inlet pipe, the elastic part sensor and poppet valve the injection molding protuberance, on cone, be used for the injection molding port of air inlet, be used to allow air communication to cross the screen of the exhaust clack of adsorption tanks and driving in the carbon-coating both sides.Being connected to 524 intake valve can be between the layer that fills up.In this place, but the loading and unloading of OBD sensor 620 observation layer.In an example, if plastics exhaust clack sealing, poppet valve will allow the air that extracts case from air enter.Separate from the air inlet source in ventilation valve downstream the fresh air intake at each cone place.Outlet can be led to the fuel tank purge system, and for example order enters adsorption tanks or and is advanced into.

Fig. 7 has shown the 4th embodiment of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.This example is similar to Fig. 4, although use different valve and duct arrangement and two HC catchers in bypass 712.Particularly, in this example, valve 24 operates as diverter valve allowing exhaust circulation piping 35 to atmosphere, or the guiding blast air is to pipeline 714 and valve 716.In this example, valve 716 is another diverter valve, and it allows at pipeline 714 and pipeline 740, or is communicated with between pipeline 714 and the pipeline 742.Bypass 712 also comprises a HC catcher and the 2nd HC catcher 726 and 728 respectively.In addition, be similar to above-described other example arrangement, valve 725 is shown as and is used to control air flow direction extraction adsorption tanks (not shown) or comes from adsorption tanks, and it leads to fuel tank and intake manifold subsequently.Equally, can be sent to first and second catchers 726 and 728 with such order from the fuel fume of fuel tank, and be extracted with opposite order.

In Fig. 7, two catchers 726 dispose different HC capture characteristics with 728.For example, compared to catcher 728, catcher 726 can be than the active carbon of macroporosity to catch big HC molecule.Like this, at memory period, gas can be transmitted and at first pass through catcher 726 and subsequently by catcher 728, reduced the HC molecular size in the gas so significantly.In addition, because the HC molecule of storage is difficult to from removing than the active carbon of aperture, can be by suck than in the aperture to suppress the HC molecule as buffering irretrievablely than the active carbon of aperture than the active carbon of macropore.In addition, less HC kind can take place under higher temperature sucks in the catcher 728.Equally, the inlet tube diameter from diverter valve 716 to catcher can have enough sizes to provide required pressure between storage and extraction on-stream period.

Storage and extraction running that the configuration of Fig. 7 also can provide opposite course to be used for catcher 726 and 728.Particularly, the HC memory period in exhaust, diverter valve 24 and 716 transmitted exhaust by 714 and subsequently to catcher 726 before discharging by ventilation duct 27, and subsequently to catcher 728.During the extraction of catcher, regulating valve to be being transferred fresh air by catcher 726 and transmitting by ventilation duct 27, catcher 728 to the suction tude subsequently, and subsequently to catcher 726.Like this, can realize improving storage and the release of HC, particularly according to the different qualities (for example porosity) of catcher.Therefore, the configuration of Fig. 7 can operate among Mode A, B and the C any.

Although catcher 726 and 728 can be the HC catcher in an example, also can use two active carbon adsorption jars.Alternately, as above carry, can comprise zeolite.For example, be different from self-contained unit, the propylene that adsorption tanks 726 are configurable when being used to absorb cold starting and the hydrocarbon of big quality.Micropore active carbon in the catcher 728 absorbs less hydrocarbon, but compares more protected with 726 of series connection.In addition, use vehicle exhaust can further provide improved performance to extract catcher with respect to the adverse current that absorbs airflow direction from air extraction case or heat.

Although this example has shown two catchers in the configuration of Fig. 7, can use more or less catcher.

In an object lesson, device 726 can be included in than aperture active carbon adsorption jar before to catch medium carbon adsorption tanks (than macropore) to large-sized HC molecule.At memory period, gas at first passes through catcher 726, and subsequently to catcher 728.Carry out in the opposite direction and remove.Like this, protect than aperture better and reduce big HC molecule than macropore and irretrievably suck than in the aperture.Little HC kind sucks in the aperture medium response pressure better, about 5MP for example, and it can provide by making inlet duct diameter from diverter valve to adsorption tanks have a certain size.Similarly, the temperature of increase (for example under the idling situation by coming self-purging heat to transmit, or by at least some exhausts of use) help the removal of HC kind.

Be with reference to Fig. 3 to 7, Mode A not only can turn round to come self-purging HC in hydrocarbon maintenance Installed System Memory storage, can also heat this system fully with should be understood that.Because the temperature that increases can be used in the hydrocarbon that more easily discharges storage, so it helps preparing hydrocarbon retaining system 22 and is used for follow-up extraction running.

In addition, extract although shown the combination of the exhaust hydrocarbon of fuel tank steam and storage in the example of Fig. 3 to 7, these can extract respectively in alternative arrangements.For example, extract example HC catcher via the extraction tube of the extraction tube that is parallel to the example adsorption tanks, thus can be dividually and/or extract different hydrocarbon storage systems independently.For example, can extract a hydrocarbon holding device and not extract the second hydrocarbon holding device.Again, in some example arrangement of Fig. 3 to 7, the fuel tank steam that extracts in the adsorption tanks can be extracted faster than the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher fully.Equally, during beginning extraction, known to vapor volume/concentration can be used for determining being stored in fuel fume amount in the adsorption tanks, and subsequently in the later stage (when adsorption tanks are extracted fully/empty) of extracting running, known to vapor volume/concentration can be used for estimating the load condition (it can produce, for example nearest cold starting incident) of HC catcher between nearest storage on-stream period.

In addition, although the example of Fig. 3 to 7 shows that the storage of exhaust hydrocarbon and the extraction of maintenance system 22 are non-simultaneous, in alternate embodiment, the hydrocarbon of some storages can be extracted during other hydrocarbons of storage.

Can pass through using system, parts and device described herein and carry out the method for following Fig. 8-14, but alternately can use other suitable systems, parts and device to carry out.

Refer now to Fig. 8, program 800 shows that being used to control engine running, fuel fume management and exhaust emissions manages.Program 800 can (for example be worked as motor or exhaust and be heated to normal operating temperature scope from ambient temperature) running between warming up period.

At first, at 810 places, program determines whether engine start occurs.For example, program can determine that whether motor is just from stopping.Additionally or alternately, program can determine whether motor starts via the engine rotation starting operation.When engine start occurred, program proceeded to 812, in this place's program based on multiple parameter estimation or measure the emission control system temperature.In an example, program can be determined the emission control system temperature based on engine shutdown time (wet machine time), ambient temperature, engineer coolant temperature and air inlet gas-filling temperature.Alternately or additionally, program can be determined the emission control system temperature based on the one or more exhaust gas temperature sensors that are positioned at air outlet flue 35 or gas exhaust manifold 48.In addition, program can be determined the temperature of emission control system based on the temperature transducer that is mounted to emission control system.

At 814 places, program is determined temperature threshold based on operating mode.Here with reference to Fig. 9 a method that is used for determining temperature threshold has been described.Alternately, can use fixing temperature threshold.In an example, temperature threshold is associated with the catalyzer initiation temperature.Next, whether the storage that program proceeds to 816 hydrocarbons that produce with the exhaust of determining in the maintenance system 22 begins, and if do not have, then finish this program.Can whether regulate this running based on the hydrocarbon storage amount that comprises maintenance system 22 greater than the multiple situation of threshold value.For example, when storage system 22 was extracted during engine running before, program can begin the storage in the maintenance system 22.In addition, when the temperature of maintenance system 22 was lower than the maximum storage temperature, program can begin the hydrocarbon storage in the maintenance system 22.In addition, as fuel characteristic based on the fuel of motor internal combustion, the pure content in the fuel (wherein during engine running before, can obtain the pure content in the fuel) for example, program can begin the storage of the exhaust hydrocarbon in the maintenance system 22.Like this, be adjustable to the end of transmission of exhaust of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 to utilize the different storage characteristicss of different fuel.For example, when burning during, transmit and may persist to high storage capacities or than long duration with respect to the high alcohol-content fuel of low pure content fuel.In addition, when being longer than threshold quantity, program can begin the storage of the hydrocarbon in the maintenance system 22 when the wet machine time of motor (for example engine/vehicle dead time).Like this, but for example during hot exposure the engine start pilot gas cross maintenance system 22 by vent systems 35 and bypass.

When the answer at 816 places when being, program proceeds to 818 and whether is lower than the threshold temperature of determining at 814 places with the temperature of determining emission control system 70.If like this, program proceed to 820 with one or more in the running exhaust valve (for example 24) with the guiding exhaust by hydrocarbon retaining system 22, and particularly by one or more hydrocarbon catchers.For example, depend on system layout, the one or more exhaust valves of control system 14 can regulate are to be sent to exhaust before being discharged from or being sent in the atmosphere and by hydrocarbon retaining system 22 from the downstream of emission control system 70.In an example, as mentioned above, this system of program run in Mode A.In addition, for example, depend on the operating mode of describing with reference to Figure 10 as this paper, this system can turn round when the spark timing is in the Peak torque timing basically, perhaps with a certain amount of spark lag running.

Next, at 822 places, program estimates to be stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22, for example is stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310.Program can be based on the memory space of temperature, engine speed and multiple other parameter estimation hydrocarbon of exhaust flow velocity, delivery temperature, hydrocarbon retaining system 22.

When the answer at 816 places for not or the answer at 818 places when being, program proceed to 824 with the running exhaust valve to guide exhausts from emission control system 70 and cross hydrocarbon retaining system 22 and to be delivered to the atmosphere by pipeline 35 with bypass.Equally, as mentioned here, exhaust can be passed through multiple extra emission control system and/or silencing apparatus before being transferred into atmosphere.In an example, between the on-stream period at 824 places, thereby the program run motor is to increase delivery temperature fully postpones ignition timing to carry out rare slightly air fuel ratio after minimum ignition advance angle (MBT) timing of Maximum Torque and in the firing chamber burning.In addition, the running at 824 places thereby can cause this system under Mode A, not turn round, although system can maybe cannot operate under Mode B and the C, Fig. 8 further describes as reference.

From step 824 or 822, program proceeds to 826 to determine whether should be performed extraction (for example, can system operate under the pattern C) from the hydrocarbon of the storage of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.At an example, the program display of Figure 11 determine whether to extract an example of hydrocarbon retaining system 22.Can begin the extraction of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 based on multiple motor and vehicle operation parameter, comprise the temperature, fuel temperature of temperature, the hydrocarbon retaining system of the amount (for example being stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310) that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the maintenance system 22, emission control system 70, extracted number of times, fuel characteristic (for example pure content in the burnt fuel) and multiple other parameters of starting from last time.In an example, at 826 places, program determines whether be transferred into hydrocarbon retaining system 22 in present engine exhaust during starts.In a concrete example, along with the pure content in the fuel increases, the beginning that can regulate extracts is to begin under high-temperature.

When the answer at 826 places when being, program proceeds to 828 and sucks fresh air by hydrocarbon retaining system 22 and enter in the intake duct 42 of motor 10 with the running exhaust valve, it can comprise the movement system with pattern C.Subsequently, motor 10 runnings are with the fuel and the air inlet of suction steam and injection, and execution burning within it.Next, at 830 places, program based on multiple parameter (comprise storage hydrocarbon amount and from the feedback information of exhaust air-fuel ratio sensor) estimation is from the amount of the hydrocarbon of the extraction of hydrocarbon retaining system 22 (it is attributable to the HC catcher and extracts in the adsorption tanks one or two).In an example, from the feedback of exhaust gas oxygen sensor can be used for knowing or the estimator that updates stored in the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher to determine the deterioration of HC catcher based on this estimation.In addition, program also the closure of can regulate motor to regulate by extracting the amount of adsorption tanks, HC catcher or the extracting gases of the two.

When the answer at 826 places for not the time or from 830, program proceeds to 832.At 832 places, program determines whether to extract the hydrocarbon vapor that is produced by fuel tank, if these steams are not extracted at 828 places, perhaps is not extracted fully at 828 places.With reference to Figure 12 an example procedure that is used to determine whether to extract the steam that fuel tank produces is described.When the answer at 832 places when being, program proceeds to 834 and extracts the steam that is produced by fuel tank from hydrocarbon retaining system with the running exhaust valve, it can comprise system is operated at pattern C.Otherwise, when the answer at 832 places for not the time or from 834, EOP end of program.

Although do not specify in Fig. 8, as long as system does not operate at Mode A or C, control system also can operate at Mode B with system.Alternately, can optionally begin Mode B based on the various working that comprises ambient temperature, fuel temperature etc.

In addition, consider suitable temperature, can further provide control that exhaust is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system, and by hydrocarbon retaining system extract to engine charge to solve engine thermal starting situation.For example, system considers engineer coolant temperature and catalyst temperature in can and beginning at start program to extract, if coolant temperature is higher than thermogravimetric starting threshold value and/or catalyst temperature is higher than thermogravimetric starting threshold value like this, extracts and begin extraction in case finish engine start rotations/acceleration just then stop to the exhaust of hydrocarbon retaining system.

Now consult Fig. 9, program 900 is described and is used for determining temperature threshold, is lower than this temperature threshold exhaust and can be transferred into hydrocarbon retaining system 22.At first, at 910 places, program is determined propellant composition.In an example, program can determine to be stored in the determining alcohol and/or the fuel mix of the fuel in the fuel tank 20.Can know determining alcohol based on feedback from the indication stoichiometric air-fuel ratio of exhaust gas oxygen sensor.Additionally or alternately, program can be determined the determining alcohol of fuel based on fuel concentration sensor.What note is that program can be determined the pure relatively content in the Fuel Petroleum, or multiple other propellant composition.

Next, at 912 places, program is determined fuel temperature.In an example, program can be by measuring fuel temperature from the fuel temperature sensor that is connected to fuel tank 20.Alternately, program can be based on the multiple parameter estimation fuel temperature that comprises engineer coolant temperature, ambient air temperature and/or multiple other parameters.

Next, at 914 places, program is determined temperature threshold based on the fuel temperature of determining at 912 and 910 places respectively and composition/composition.In addition, program can be determined threshold value based on extra operating mode, comprises catalyst material aging of emission control system 70.In an example, program can increase and the increase temperature threshold along with the pure content in the fuel combination.Like this, may regulate temperature range, be transferred into hydrocarbon catcher in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 in this temperature range exhaust.Particularly, this running can utilize the different storage characteristicss of catcher along with the change of the pure content in the fuel.For example, the change fuel along with pure content can have different absorption and/or desorption characteristics.Equally, the water in the exhaust can influence the temperature that hydrocarbon species storage/release takes place.Change along with the pure content of fuel can produce different HC chains in exhaust, therefore produce different storage/release characteristics.In an object lesson, along with the pure content increase in the fuel can be caught HC owing to temperature, therefore end or the minimizing along with running under the increase Mode A of pure content in the fuel can be delayed to higher temperature.

Now consult Figure 10, it has shown the example procedure 1000 that is used to control air-fuel ratio during engine start based on the pattern of exhaust transmission and/or hydrocarbon retaining system extraction.

At first, at 1010 places, program determines whether motor starts, and for example describes with reference to 810 places.If program proceeds to 1012 to determine whether system just is being directed to gas hydrocarbon retaining system 22 (for example, the Mode A running whether occurring).If program proceeds to 1014 with based on engineer coolant temperature and multiple other parameter selective combustion air fuel ratios.Next, at 1016 places, program under selected air fuel ratio with the spark lag that reduces or there is not the spark lag running, for example by turning round with the MBT timing, potentially even during the temperature of emission control system (for example, vent systems in catalytic converter) is lower than its initiation temperature in fact.In an example, the air fuel ratio of selecting at 1014 places can be rare a little during starts at first, and after starting rotation and engine speed increase, the air fuel ratio of selection can be approximately stoichiometry, or slight enrichment.Alternately, can select air fuel ratio based on the amount that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon maintenance system 22 (for example being stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310).For example, along with the amount that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the hydrocarbon retaining system 22 increases, the air fuel ratio of burning can correspondingly be regulated higher (for example less enrichment, or more desaturation).

When the answer at 1012 places for not the time, program proceeds to 1018 and whether is lower than initiation temperature with the temperature of determining emission control system 70.When the answer at 1018 places for not the time, program continues to regulate with the selectivity with spark lag with running engine the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio burning of (for example, essentially no spark lag reduces etc. unless need be used for pinking elimination, moment of torsion).Alternately, the answer when 1018 when being, program proceed to 1022 with running engine with have that the ignition timing bigger than the running at 1016 places and/or 1020 places postpone near stoichiometry or slight rare air fuel ratio burning.Otherwise 1020, the program run motor is to have the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio burning that postpones the selectivity adjusting of late spark lag than 1022 places.For example, can be based on catalyst temperature retarded spark timing amount.

As another example, so whether system can be transferred into the hydrocarbon holding device based on exhaust and turn round with a plurality of ignition timing delayed modes.For example, pattern can comprise first pattern and second pattern, exhaust is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system and during the first timing spark ignition and at least a portion, turns round in program under first pattern with first pattern of first motor/exhaust air-fuel ratio running, program bypass under second pattern cross hydrocarbon retaining system and during at least a portion of second pattern with the second timing spark ignition that more postpones than first timing or with second motor rarer/exhaust air-fuel ratio running than first exhaust air-fuel ratio.In an object lesson, second pattern is carried out after first pattern, and the two all during starts turns round in normal engine, and in this case than second pattern, first pattern is carried out under the lower temperature of emission control system.In addition, first air fuel ratio can be desaturation during the first portion of first pattern, and can be stoichiometry or enrichment during the second portion of first pattern.Alternately, first pattern can be carried out during first engine start, second pattern can be carried out during second engine start, wherein second during starts hydrocarbon retaining system can have than in the first during starts bigger hydrocarbon storage amount.

Next, advance to 1024 places from 1020, program determines whether to occur the extraction of maintenance system 22, comprises in the exhaust hydrocarbon of the fuel tank steam that extracts storage and storage one or two.If, program proceeds to 1026 places, this place's control system in response to from the feedback regulation fuel injection amount of one or more exhaust gas oxygen sensors to keep stoichiometric(al) combustion and to know the amount of the hydrocarbon that extracts and come and/or be stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the maintenance system 22.In addition, program can respond the amount adjusting valve position of the fresh air that sucks by hydrocarbon retaining system.For example, but when beginning to extract running the program close the throttle to compensate extra air-flow.

In an example, motor can by running some than the cylinder of more desaturation of required air fuel ratio (for example stoichiometry) and some than required air fuel ratio more the cylinder of enrichment required air fuel ratio is provided.When the stoichiometry exhaust air-fuel ratio still was provided, it can produce extra exothermic exhaust gas heat, and this running can be favourable.In an example, the air fuel ratio running that this separation for example can be provided during 1016 is so that increase the heat of emission control system.In addition, by utilizing the HC catcher in the maintenance system 22, the residual carbon hydrogen compound that for example can catch any separating device 70 is to keep required emission level.

Refer now to Figure 11, described the program of the hydrocarbon that the exhaust that is used to determine whether to extract origin self-sustaining system 22 produces.In an example, the program of Figure 11 determines whether to finish fuel tank vapor storage (for example Mode B) and is converted to extraction (for example pattern C).

At first, at 1110 places, program is determined the HC holding device of system 22, and for example whether HC catcher or adsorption tanks turn round during engine start with the storage hydrocarbon.If like this, program proceeds to 1112 to determine whether system is extracting the fuel tank steam.If not so, program proceeds to 1114 to determine whether delivery temperature (for example temperature of emission control system) is higher than threshold temperature (for example threshold value at 818 places).For example, can based in the fuel tank or the pure content of spurting into in-engine fuel regulate threshold value.

If the answer at 1114 places is for being, program proceed to 1116 with the amount (for example being stored in the amount of the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310) of the hydrocarbon of determining maintenance system 22 stored whether greater than threshold value.If like this, program proceeds to 1118 air fuel ratios with definite motor 10 internal combustion and whether is approximately stoichiometric proportion.If like this, program proceeds to 1120 to extract the maintenance system, for example to extract HC catcher and/or adsorption tanks (for example running on pattern C).

In an example, can be after engine start, or (for example thermogravimetric plays situation) carries out the running of Figure 11 during starting condition.

Refer now to Figure 12, described a kind of hydrocarbon that produces by fuel tank that is used to determine whether to extract self-sustaining system 22.In an example, the program among Figure 12 determines whether end fuel tank vapor storage (for example Mode B) and is converted to extraction (for example pattern C).In an example, Figure 11 and 12 program can be adjusted together, and for example the hydrocarbon that produces of fuel tank purge and exhaust extracts simultaneously and takes place.In other examples, Figure 11 and 12 program can be carried out independently, and for example the hydrocarbon that produces of fuel tank purge and exhaust extracts independently and takes place.

At first, at 1210 places, program determines whether the HC holding device (for example HC catcher or adsorption tanks) of system 22 is extracted.If like this, EOP end of program.Otherwise program proceeds to 1212 to determine whether engine start occurs, and is for example described herein.If for denying, program proceeds to 1214 and sentences the fuel metering purge and have self adaption and know fuel injector mistake, maf sensor mistake etc., and program proceeds to 1216 to carry out to the extraction of the fuel tank steam of gas handling system, as regulating in 1214 places subsequently.

When the answer at 1212 places when being, program proceeds to 1218 to determine whether air-fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometric air-fuel ratio (referring to Figure 10).If be not, because the air fuel ratio that occurs in the restive extraction running, program does not begin extraction, for example when using the HEGO sensor.If for being, then program proceeds to 1220 to determine whether current system is turning round with the guiding exhaust by maintenance system 22.If the answer at 1220 places is for being EOP end of program (extracting and storing under the non-simultaneous situation).Otherwise program proceeds to 1216 and sentences the maintenance system that extracts to gas handling system.

Refer now to Figure 13, describe a kind of program that is used to determine for example whether exhaust is sent to during other engine operating conditions (motor begins rotation and/or vehicle travels) hydrocarbon retaining system 22 in the situation that is different from engine startup operation.The program of Figure 13 can be used after engine start/warm-operation, and for example those are above-described.

For example, the running of describing with reference to Figure 13 during the cylinder valve of one or more cylinders (for example modulated displacement engine (VDE) running) shuts down is favourable, and the temperature of emission control system can be reduced to down and start or initiation temperature under these circumstances.Under these circumstances, the cylinder of residue activity can operate under stoichiometry or the slight enrichment, and exhaust is directed to the hydrocarbon that maintenance system 22 is used to store the surplus of the emission control system that leaves cooling.In addition, in that it is favourable between DECEL ENLEAN (DFSO) on-stream period or after restarting the DFSO cylinder, a lot of in this case fresh oxygen-rich gass are stored in the emission control system, thus reduce from the catalytic reaction of the discharging of motor with and temperature.When restarting to burn after DFSO, this can be particularly advantageous, in this case the air-fuel ratio during restarting fully enrichment with the oxygen that reduces storage and rebulid the required oxygen store status of catalyzer.The running of Figure 13 also can be used during the too high situation of catalyst temperature (for example work as catalyst temperature and be higher than the maximum temperature that the present situation allows), and motor enrichment running is to reduce catalyst temperature in this case.

In another example, the exhaust that is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system 22 during being different from engine startup operation can be used for heating the program that hydrocarbon retaining system 22 is used for follow-up extraction.For example, in case hydrocarbon retaining system 22 fully heats, can begin to extract running.When hydrocarbon retaining system 22 is lower than threshold temperature, be favourable, and otherwise can cause hydrocarbon at a slow speed and/or inefficient release and/or desorption.

Now, determine in 1310 place's programs whether engine start occurs with particular reference to Figure 13, for example as described herein.If the answer at 1310 places is for being, program proceeds to 1312 and sentences whether the engine start hydrocarbon retaining system of determining from the present engine running 22 has been extracted and/or has been stored in hydrocarbon in the system 22 and whether the estimator of fuel fume is less than threshold value.For example, program can determine whether the amount that is stored in the hydrocarbon in the HC catcher 310 is less than threshold value.

If the answer at 1312 places is for being, program proceeds to 1314 and sentences and determine whether the situations of selecting occur.In an example, when the situation of selection comprises that the potentiality that increase when the hydrocarbon of breaking through emission control system 70 are greater than threshold value.In other examples, the situation of selection comprises the DECEL ENLEAN of one or more cylinders, and/or restarts from this situation.In another example, the situation of selection comprises when the exhaust air-fuel ratio from motor is abundant enrichment metering (for example than more enrichment of threshold value).In another example, the situation of selection comprises when one or more cylinders stop, and for example works as intake valve and exhaust valve and keeps closing during whole 4 stroke cycle.If the answer at 1314 places is for being, program proceed to 1316 with running exhaust valve guiding exhaust by hydrocarbon retaining system 22 (for example running on Mode A).

Like this, can realize the discharging that improves, even during non-engine start situation.In addition, be after the storage running at 1316 places in case the running at 1316 places finishes to carry out extra extraction during follow-up engine running with should be understood that.

In an object lesson, during being different from the situation of engine start, be higher than at the catalysis emission control system under the situation of its initiation temperature, program can transmit and be vented to hydrocarbon retaining system when the temperature of hydrocarbon retaining system is lower than threshold value, transmit and continue to reach threshold value extraction temperature up to hydrocarbon retaining system, and subsequently the exhaust bypass is crossed hydrocarbon retaining system and be sent in the atmosphere, and extract hydrocarbon retaining system to engine aspirating system.

As mentioning among Figure 14, control system can begin the determining of the deterioration of maintenance system 22, so that determine and distinguish the deterioration that extracts between adsorption tanks and the HC catcher.In some instances, extraction hydrocarbon concentration of knowing from exhaust gas oxygen sensor feedback and fuel spray, and the independence estimation that can provide hydrocarbon storage is provided, for example when fuel tank adsorption tanks (for example 422) and HC catcher (for example 310) when being in different temperature.The amount of the hydrocarbon known to alternately, during extracting can be used for determining being loaded and subsequently at the fuel tank steam by the performance of the HC catcher that seldom extracts during the situation that does not have the fuel tank steam to produce before fully extracting.In another object lesson, can change diagnosable HC catcher based on the temperature regime that during the gas that extracts by catcher, detects.Multiple example and extra diagnostic method are described below.

In the example below, with reference to being connected in the maintenance system 22 diagnosis of describing based on the example of the hydrocarbon catcher of carbon.In addition, described running in this example, in this case after start event, blast air is transferred until emission control system by the HC catcher and is fully heated and reach required transformation efficiency.In addition, after storage, flow through the HC catcher by air subsequently and get back to motor and be used to burn and extract the hydrocarbon of seizure.Extract air-flow and can produce evaporative emission carbon adsorption tanks extraction serial or parallel with fuel tank.Yet following diagnosis also can be applicable to multiple other system configuration and operation mode.

Below diagnosis be applicable as functional or the threshold monitoring device in the two one of or all.The function monitor unit can determine whether device connects and undesirably effect, and the threshold monitoring device can be determined the efficient of emission control system.

A potential deterioration mode can comprise vibration and the mechanical damage that the carbon in the HC catcher is caused, and for example carbon granules can be broken and wear away.Equally, if carbon granules breaks and disappear in the outer HC capturing ability that can reduce catcher of outlet pipe potentially.If abundant carbon disappears or the volume of compacted and catcher does not recharge, some exhausts carbon-coating excessively capable of bypass and tailpipe emissions can increase.Therefore, a method is to use monitor unit such as the threshold monitoring device of surveying the carbon VOLUME LOSS.

In first method, control system can be measured the temperature of the outlet of HC catcher during catching and extracting.After cold starting, the temperature in outlet port can increase along with the vent systems heating.This indication mechanism be connected to vent systems and be used to shift air-flow to the valve of catcher just in action.Be allowed to after bypass crosses catcher at air-flow, temperature should be stablized, and indicating valve is circulation correctly.Continuing to increase of temperature can indicate catcher still to be exposed to exhaust.Extracting cycle period, temperature should suck in the catcher and descends along with fresh air.

In second method, during catching or extracting, the pressure reduction at carbon-coating two ends that can measure the HC catcher is as because the indication that the airflow limitation that carbon causes occurs.For certain airspeed, the loss of carbon can cause reducing of pressure reduction.One or more pressure transducers can be installed in the upstream and/or the downstream of HC catcher.

In third party's method, can use fuel fume/hydrocarbon sensor.For example, because any deterioration in the catcher can cause the HC that breaks through ventilation duct 27 to increase, the HC sensor in the catcher outlet can directly be measured the effect of catcher during catching.Play the total amount of fuel of consumption and because the model of some exhaust concentration of the function that the pre-seizure HC of the expectation that the catalyzer ignition causes reduces and composition can be used for the ability of improvement threshold monitor unit as speed/load/spark lag/temperature and/or self-starting.Alternately, can use the empirical model of the HC of the expectation of leaving catcher.

In cubic method, be arranged in the HC catcher can provide the temperature difference before during the stage in seizure (for example because absorption) and extraction (for example desorption) with temperature transducer afterwards indication.The temperature difference also can be subjected to go up at carbon-coating (mainly being water and HC) the percentage influence of the air-flow of absorption or desorption.In other examples, can use the temperature that departs from the value of expecting or estimate.Use the example of HC catcher, system can utilize the delivery temperature in catcher outlet port of deduction in the vent systems that has the temperature transducer that is arranged in the downstream with the deduction temperature that is created on the catcher outlet port and the temperature difference between the true temperature.System can be based on this temperature difference diagnosis adsorption function subsequently.In addition, because the potential error in temperature is estimated, temperature variation is approved the initial temperature of surveying based on by temperature transducer really, and the temperature that (for example storage or extraction) consideration compares and measures during the situation of selecting subsequently rises and the temperature rising of estimating.Equally attentively be in some instances, the exhaust air-fuel ratio sensor can operate as temperature transducer under choice situation.

In the 5th method, can use the position measurements of HC catcher.Particularly, in order to reduce the carbon in vibration hazard catcher and/or the adsorption tanks, device can comprise that unsteady end plate and one or more spring are to keep the pressure of certain level on carbon.Although if take these measure carbon still to worsen, the reducing of volume can cause the change of end plate position and power that spring is used to reduce.The method that multiple detection is moved can be used for discerning carbon loss.In an example, if these can comprise position transducer, the fine rule plate that can rupture when the spring overtime moves the contact that can open, the sensor of measuring spring power or be built in resistance strain gauge similar device in the spring.

In the 6th method, the probe of measuring the carbon-coating conductivity can be used for providing the impedance measurements that can increase along with the loss of spring pressure or reducing of carbon volume.If fixing carbon-coating enough is provided for the bypass path of exhaust, the impedance between two surface of contact that is applied to the top of adsorption tanks can show bigger increase.In an example, (for example between warming up period or after the warming-up) can measure conductivity during the situation of selecting.

What note is that example control and the estimation routine that is included in this paper can use with multiple motor and/or Vehicular system configuration.Specific procedure described herein can be represented one or more in any amount processing policy (for example event-driven, drives interrupts, Multi task, multithreading etc.).Like this, can be with illustrated order or illustrated various actions, running or the function of Parallel Implementation, or omit to some extent in some cases.Equally, the order of processing is not that to reach embodiment described herein necessary yet, and the convenience in order to illustrate and to describe just.Although do not offer some clarification on, can, can repeat to realize the behavior or the function of one or more explanations according to the specific strategy of using.In addition, these accompanying drawing image conversions have represented to be programmed into the coding of the computer-readable recording medium in the engine control system.

Should be appreciated that configuration disclosed herein and program are actually exemplary, and these specific embodiments can not regard as restriction, because may there be various deformation.For example, above-mentioned technology can be applicable to V-6, I-4, I-6, V-12, opposed 4 cylinders and other engine types.Purport of the present invention comprises all multiple systems and is configured to and novel and the non-obvious combination and the sub-portfolio of other feature, function and/or character disclosed herein.

The application's claim points out that particularly some is considered to novel making up with inferior with non-obvious combination.These claims can refer to be " one " element or " first " element or its equivalent.These claims should be appreciated that the combination that comprises one or more this elements, both neither requiring nor excluding two or more this element.Disclosing other combinations of disclosed feature, function, element and/or characteristic and inferior combination can be by revising existing claim or obtaining advocating by propose new claim in this or association request.These claims are compared wideer, narrowlyer, identical or inequality with the original rights claimed range, also be believed to comprise in theme of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a running has the method for the motor of gas handling system, vent systems and hydrocarbon retaining system, and described method comprises:

During the warming-up situation, the exhaust of motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system with the storage exhaust hydrocarbon;

After the warming-up situation, extract hydrocarbon from the storage of hydrocarbon retaining system; And

After extracting, and selecting during the operating mode when motor continues to rotate, the exhaust with motor is sent to hydrocarbon retaining system once more.

2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described motor is carried out burning when it continues rotation.

3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described selection operating mode is included between rich exhaust air-fuel ratio on-stream period.

4. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described selection operating mode comprises cylinder valve stop conditions.

5. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described selection operating mode comprises the fuel cut-off situation.

6. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, selects operating mode to comprise the too high situation of catalyst temperature.

7. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described selection operating mode comprises when being reduced to threshold value under the temperature of catalysis emission control system.

8. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, during the warming-up situation, described motor is carried out burning with the minimum advance angle MBT ignition timing of Maximum Torque, even when the temperature of emission control system is lower than initiation temperature.

9. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, described hydrocarbon is extracted in the gas handling system that enters described motor.

10. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises that also the steam that fuel tank is produced is sent to described hydrocarbon retaining system.

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