CN101613191B - 铁路轨道板掺合料 - Google Patents

铁路轨道板掺合料 Download PDF

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CN101613191B
CN101613191B CN2009100168571A CN200910016857A CN101613191B CN 101613191 B CN101613191 B CN 101613191B CN 2009100168571 A CN2009100168571 A CN 2009100168571A CN 200910016857 A CN200910016857 A CN 200910016857A CN 101613191 B CN101613191 B CN 101613191B
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李培彦
刘富增
郭永智
曲丽娜
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JINAN LUXIN NEW MATERIALS CO Ltd
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
    • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
    • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/10—Coating or impregnating
    • C04B20/1055—Coating or impregnating with inorganic materials
    • C04B20/1077—Cements, e.g. waterglass
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/34—Non-shrinking or non-cracking materials
    • C04B2111/343—Crack resistant materials
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    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/50—Flexible or elastic materials
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种铁路轨道板掺合料。本发明的技术方案是：铁路轨道板掺合料，按重量份数比包括下列组份：比表面积在800～1200m2/kg的矿渣粉94-98份、激发剂1-5份，减水剂0.5-1.5份。高活性、高耐久性，可以在低掺量(大约占胶凝材料总量的10％)的情况下，提高混凝土的早期强度，改善混凝土的工作性能，降低混凝土水化热，施工方便等优点，符合轨道板掺合料技术要求。

Description

铁路轨道板掺合料
技术领域
本发明属于建筑材料领域，具体涉及一种铁路轨道板掺合料。
背景技术
随着时代的发展，国内客运专线和高速铁路日益增多，我国客运专线铁路建设大多吸收采用日本(板式轨道)和德国(博格板式轨道)的无碴轨道技术，但是我国与日本和德国在混凝土质量要求与设计理念、原材料质量标准以及施工控制要求等方面都存在着很大区别，如京津客运专线采用德国博格板技术，所用水泥为超细水泥。采用超细水泥配制混凝土，需在水灰比为0.4的条件下达到16小时混凝土抗压强度大于48MPa的技术指标，但是超细水泥需要特殊磨细加工，生产效率低，耗费能量，采用超细水泥配制博格板用超早强混凝土，在实际生产中还存在价格高、潜在供应不足的等问题。
目前为把世界先进无碴轨道技术应用到我客运专线建设上来，结合中国实际寻找到了符合中国国情的混凝土技术。例如以京沪高铁为代表，包括哈大线、武广线、沪宁线、宁杭线，采用硅酸盐水泥和掺加高性能掺合料路线。中国铁道科学研究院负责起草的科技基[2008]74号《客运专线铁路板式无砟轨道混凝土轨道板暂行技术条件》中，对掺合料性能指标有严格规定，如下表所示：
Figure G2009100168571D00011
目前国内掺合料的种类较多，有粉煤灰、硅灰、矿渣粉等。为提高施工过程中混凝土的强度和耐久性，通常会掺加一些超细矿物掺合料，粉煤灰质量波动较大，易造成混凝土的质量波动。目前，使用效果较好且应用较普遍的是硅灰，但硅灰在使用过程中也暴露不少问题：(1)硅灰颗粒过细，混凝土需水量增大，造成混凝土工作性差；(2)硅灰来源较少，价格昂贵。同时粉煤灰、硅灰、矿渣粉等都无法满足轨道板掺合料指标要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，针对现有技术的不足，而提供了一种铁路轨道板掺合料，比表面积为800-1200m2/kg的矿渣粉、减水剂和激发剂组成的掺合料，高活性、高耐久性。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明的技术方案是：铁路轨道板掺合料，按重量份数比包括下列组分：比表面积在800-1200m2/kg的矿渣粉94-98份、激发剂1-5份，减水剂0.5-1.5份。
本发明所述的减水剂为粉状改性聚羧酸高效减水剂。
本发明所述的激发剂为硫酸盐和甲酸盐的复合物。
本发明所述的硫酸盐和甲酸盐比例为2∶1。
本发明所述的矿渣粉平均粒径小于等于4μm。
本发明选用硫酸盐和甲酸盐复合激发的形式，采用复合激发，可以产生激发剂的相互叠加效应，硫酸钠和甲酸钙按2∶1的比例复配后，其重量百分比占掺合料的1-5％效果最好，当低于此掺量时，效果不明显；当高于此掺量时，导致混凝土表面出现返碱现象，后期强度降低。
本发明采用粉状改性聚羧酸高效减水剂。在混凝土工作性能保持不变的情况下，可适当减少用水量5-10％，掺合料用量为10％时，混凝土的强度明显增大，耐久性指标明显提高。
本发明的制备方法为：按重量份数比分别称取上述原料，首先将硫酸钠和甲酸钙按2∶1的比例用搅拌机混合均匀，再与减水剂混合后，以固态形式缓慢加入到比表面积为800-1200m2/kg的矿渣粉中，用搅拌机混合均匀，均化贮存后进行主要组分、需水量、取代水泥量等性能检验，然后包装，即得到本发明所提出的铁路轨道板掺合料。
本发明的有益效果是：铁路轨道板掺合料，由比表面积为800-1200m2/kg的矿渣粉、减水剂和激发剂组成的掺合料，高活性、高耐久性，可以在低掺量(大约占胶凝材料总量的10％)的情况下，提高混凝土的早期强度，改善混凝土的工作性能，降低混凝土水化热，施工方便等优点，符合轨道板掺合料技术要求。
具体实施方式
以下表1中化学成份的矿渣粉为例对本发明做进一步详细说明：
表1矿渣粉的化学成分
  化学成分   SiO2   CaO   Al2O3   Fe2O3   MgO   SO3   Loss
  超细矿渣粉   33.34   37.55   16.06   0.73   9.89   0.34   0.21
本发明三个实施例的组份为下表2所示：
表2轨道板掺合料的组份
Figure G2009100168571D00031
下表3为本发明三个实施例的性能指标的测定结果：
Figure G2009100168571D00041
上表的测定结果说明本发明的轨道板掺合料《客运专线铁路板式无砟轨道混凝土轨道板暂行技术条件》中对掺合料性能指标的规定。
下表4为上述三个实施例与三个对照组分别制备的轨道板混凝土的应用效果对照表：
表4轨道板混凝土掺和料的应用效果对照表
Figure G2009100168571D00042
注：所用水泥为山水525硅酸盐水泥，减水剂按水泥和掺合料总量的重量百分比掺加。编号为A1的对照组中的掺合料为100％本发明的矿渣粉，
试验结果分析：掺合料的加入，混凝土的早期和后期抗压强度都明显提高，当掺合料中减水剂掺量相同时，硫酸钠和甲酸钙的比例越大，混凝土抗压强度越大；而当激发剂的比例一定时，减水剂的比例越大，混凝土的抗压强度越大。
下表5为本发明实施例2的掺合料配方不同掺加量的轨道板混凝土应用效果
表5不同掺和料掺量的轨道板混凝土应用效果
试验结果分析：当掺合料中激发剂和减水剂比例一定时，掺合料比例在0.1-0.2％范围内，掺合料的掺加比例越大，坍落度越小，混凝土的抗压强度越大。

Claims (2)

1.铁路轨道板掺合料，其特征是：按重量份数比包括下列组分：比表面积为1200m2/kg的矿渣粉94-98份、激发剂1-5份，减水剂0.5-1.5份，所述的激发剂为硫酸盐和甲酸盐的复合物，所述的硫酸盐和甲酸盐比例为2∶1，所述的矿渣粉平均粒径小于等于4μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的铁路轨道板掺合料，其特征是：所述的减水剂为粉状改性聚羧酸高效减水剂。
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CN103408237B (zh) * 2013-07-17 2015-06-03 安徽中铁工程材料科技有限公司 一种无碱无氯混凝土掺合料活性激发剂
CN103553412B (zh) * 2013-11-05 2015-06-24 武汉华轩高新技术有限公司 一种高速铁路无砟轨道双块式轨枕专用增强型复合掺合料
CN106145740B (zh) * 2016-07-10 2018-08-28 安徽中铁工程材料科技有限公司 一种高速铁路板式无砟轨道板的混凝土专用复合掺合料

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CN1657473A (zh) * 2005-02-04 2005-08-24 攀钢集团攀枝花钢铁研究院 高钛高炉矿渣混凝土掺合料及其生产方法

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