CN101608254A - The little distortion lath of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitizing martensitic stucture control method - Google Patents
The little distortion lath of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitizing martensitic stucture control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101608254A CN101608254A CNA2009100698050A CN200910069805A CN101608254A CN 101608254 A CN101608254 A CN 101608254A CN A2009100698050 A CNA2009100698050 A CN A2009100698050A CN 200910069805 A CN200910069805 A CN 200910069805A CN 101608254 A CN101608254 A CN 101608254A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the little distortion lath of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitization martensitic stucture control method.Is tubing or sheet material with high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel through hot rolling, and wall thickness is not more than 6 centimetres; Sample is put into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit to be handled: the heat-up rate with 30 ℃～80 ℃/min is heated to 960 ℃～1000 ℃, when reaching 640 ℃～700 ℃, temperature begins to load by predetermined value of compressive stress 0.54～1.21MPa, keep the constant value of compressive stress in the heat-processed subsequently, unloading when specimen temperature reaches 960 ℃～1000 ℃, directly adopt cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction heating power to carry out quench cooled simultaneously, the rate of cooling scope is 500～6000 ℃/min.With do not carry out the little deformation process sample of austenitization and compare, high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample martensite lath structure refinement after the processing is obvious, martensite lath average headway 15.2 microns before little distortion are refined as 13.5 microns after the little distortion of 0.54MPa stress, and the pairing average martensite lath spacing of 1.21MPa is 15.0 microns.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel production technical field, the little distortion lath of particularly a kind of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitization martensitic stucture control method.
Background technology
The progress of the development of high temperature steel and the energy, power and mechanical industry is closely related.In new technology development fields such as thermal power generation, atomic energy, aerospace, aviation, oil and chemical industry, the quality of high temperature steel performance is the key link of its success or not, so the importance of high temperature steel improves day by day.Particularly in recent years for solving energy shortage and the problem of environmental pollution that becomes increasingly conspicuous, high efficiency super (surpassing) critical pressure generating becomes hot issue in the world.Countries in the world thermal power generation unit parameter just by subcritical parameter (16.77MPa, 540 ℃) to supercritical parameter (25.0MP, 540 ℃～566 ℃; 24.0～30.0MPa, 580 ℃～610 ℃) and above development, thermo-efficiency can improve 6～7% like this.Improving thermo-efficiency mainly is the heat power problem, temperature range at 535 ℃, pressure is brought up to behind the 30MPa thermo-efficiency and is improved approximately 1.9% approximately, and temperature is brought up to 650 ℃ of thermo-efficiency and can be improved 5.7%, increases in the time of pressure and temperature thermo-efficiency is improved greater than 8%.Therefore, thermo-efficiency improves by improving vapor temperature in power plant.The raising of vapor temperature is had higher requirement to the use properties of generating set boiler tube steel, therefore adopt various modern techniquies and process means, further improve the steam use temperature of high temperature steel, imperative in the hope of the research that improves the boi1er tube heat exchanger effectiveness, each state is all in the research and development of carrying out the heat resistance steel energetically at present.
The raising of vapor temperature has proposed requirements at the higher level to the use properties of boiler steel.High temperature steel in the boi1er tube is in the medium-term and long-term work of high temperature, high pressure and steam corrosion, and the tissue of steel and performance will change, and the metallic high temperature performance is obviously worsened, thereby influences the security of equipment operation.Everything requires boi1er tube to have following good Performance Match with high temperature steel: 1. high tensile strength and yield strength, good impelling strength; 2. You Yi high temperature endurance performance, creep-resistant property, the good high-temperature structure stability; 3. the anti-oxidant and anti-steam corrosion performance of good high-temperature; 4. good cold and hot working performance, welding property and bending property; 5. low thermal coefficient of expansion and thermal conductive resin; 6. good economic.
Be further to improve the steam use temperature of high temperature steel, in the hope of improving the boi1er tube heat exchanger effectiveness, each state is all carrying out the research and development that are suitable for the heat resistance steel that use under elevated steam conditions energetically at present.Developed countries such as the U.S., Europe and Japan take the lead one after another and research and develop authentication, set up the high temperature steel system of super (surpassing) critical generating set on the one hand, improve existing high temperature steel system on the other hand and also develop more advanced high temperature steel.
Boiler steel divides ferrite and austenitic heat-resistance steel two classes both at home and abroad.Compare with austenitic steel, jessop has become the first-selected steel grade of boiler tube steel because of its excellent comprehensive performance.The development of ferritic steel can be divided into two main lines: the one, vertically by improving the content (from 2.25Cr to 12Cr) of main heat-resisting element Cr gradually; The 2nd, laterally by adding V, Nb, Mo, W and Co etc.Begin the jessop to 9～12%Cr from simple C-Mn steel, by adopting alloying and organizational controls, corresponding high temperature creep strength has improved nearly 10 times, and wherein 9～12%Cr is that high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel is the highest.Therefore, developed country will research and develop emphasis to have turned to 9～12%Cr be high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel.
For improving the use temperature and the permissible stress of jessop, need badly systematic study is carried out in formation of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel tissue and forming technology, explore new efficient hardening approach.From tissue, after the prior heat treatment, high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel tissue is made up of martensite lath and the carbonitride of separating out, and wherein original austenite grain is divided into several born of the same parents by approximately parallel martensite Shu Zucheng, as see shown in Figure 1ly, throw out is mainly by the M of corynebacterium
23C
6The granular MX type carbonitride that type carbide and disperse are distributed in the lath is formed.Having given 9～12%Cr just because of the refined crystalline strengthening of this martensite lath with the precipitation strength of the carbonitride of separating out is high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel mechanical property preferably.Therefore, do not changing under the situation about being grouped into, seeking the method for controlling high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel martensite lath mixed grain structure effectively, having very important and practical meanings from the forming technology process.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly to adopt the method for the little distortion of austenitization to control the martensite lath tissue that 9～12%Cr is a high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel, avoid after quenching, forming in the tissue martensite lath not of uniform size, thereby reach the purpose of refinement martensite lath tissue, and then advance its application in practice.
The little distortion martensite lath of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitization of the present invention mixed grain structure control method, technical scheme is as follows:
Is tubing or sheet material with high ferrochrome cable body high temperature steel through hot rolling, makes the sample that wall thickness is not more than 6 centimetres; It is characterized in that sample is put into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit to be handled: at first the heat-up rate with 30 ℃～80 ℃/min is heated to 960 ℃～1000 ℃, when reaching 640 ℃～700 ℃, temperature begins later on to load by predetermined value of compressive stress 0.54～1.21MPa, in heat-processed subsequently, keep the constant value of compressive stress, unloading when specimen temperature reaches 960 ℃～1000 ℃, directly adopt cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction heating power to carry out quench cooled simultaneously, the rate of cooling scope is 500～6000 ℃/min.
We are by the compression set stress value 0.54～1.21Mpa of the useful range of test determination, and temperature is predetermined also through obtaining after the serial experiment test.Shown in Fig. 2 a, load design temperature (640 ℃～700 ℃) is preceding arriving, stress on the sample is about 0.05Mpa, after this will there be a predefined constant stress to be added on the sample, this load begins unloading after specimen temperature reaches 960 ℃～1000 ℃, directly adopt the cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction (and even stopping) heating power to quench simultaneously simultaneously without insulation and force cooling, the speed of cooling scope is 500～6000 ℃/min, see shown in Fig. 2 b, wherein the high-temperature part speed of cooling is bigger, by the time speed of cooling obviously reduces after the cold zone, this mainly is subjected to the restriction of heat transfer boundary condition), because the quenching process sample will stand the severe impact of high velocity air, the stress value that measure this moment no longer has been predefined zero load (seeing the final section of Fig. 2 a curve), still because measuring process causes, so do not list necessary controllable process parameter of the present invention in.
Experiment is that the chemical ingredients scope of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sees Table 1 with 9～12%Cr.Raw materials used purity all is higher than 99%, by melting and carry out vacuum refinement and two technological processs of external refining in electric arc furnace or induction furnace after the set composition proportion, be tubing or sheet material (wall thickness should be not more than 6 centimetres, to guarantee that after the normalizing be the lath martensite tissue) through hot rolling then.
The chemical ingredients scope of table 1 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel
| Constituent element | Content (wt.%) |
| ??C | ??0.01～0.09 |
| ??Si | ??0.02～0.04 |
| ??Cr | ??8.5～12.0 |
| ??Mo | ??0.3～1.3 |
| ??Mn | ??0.3～0.5 |
| ??V | ??0.1～0.3 |
| ??Nb | ??0.05～0.08 |
| ??N | ??0.01～0.05 |
| ??Ti | ??＜0.01 |
| ??Al | ??＜0.04 |
| ??W | ??＜2.5 |
| ??B | ??＜0.05 |
The organizational controls method of the little distortion of austenitization that the present invention adopts both had been different from the method that traditional austenitization is finished the post-stressing distortion, was different from the method that adds stress deformation before the austenitizing again.The loading stress that adopts is little, used energy loss-rate traditional method significantly reduces, and the performance of the back jessop that quenches has greatly improved, and is a kind of very potential practical production method (as realizing by the austenitizing treatment process in the production of high chromium content ferrite heat resisting pipe).With do not carry out the little deformation process sample of austenitization stress (see figure 3) and compare, adopt the obvious (see figure 4) of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample martensite lath structure refinement after the inventive method is handled, after wherein martensite lath average headway 15.2 microns before little distortion are refined as austenitization and apply the little distortion of 0.54MPa stress 13.5 microns), carry out the different stress (0.54MPa of austenitization at selected stress texturing temperature interval (640 ℃～1000 ℃), 0.75MPa and 1.21MPa) after the microdeformation in the high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample tissue average martensite lath spacing obvious refinement (see figure 5) is all arranged, that wherein refinement amplitude is less is 1.21MPa, pairing average martensite lath spacing is 15.0 microns, and thinning effect is 0.54MPa significantly, and pairing average martensite lath spacing is 13.5 microns).Concerning congruent high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel, its corresponding martensite lath homogeneity of structure obviously improves after adopting the little distortion martensite lath of austenitization mixed grain structure control method, the refinement and the degree of uniformity of martensite lath tissue after effectively having promoted to quench, this shows this method versatility and importance in process of production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel typical case martensite lath is organized synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 a: high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample heat treatment process time-temperature curve;
Fig. 2 b: high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample heat treatment process time-stress curve;
Fig. 3: without the high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel typical gold phase constitution of the little deformation process of austenitization;
Fig. 4 a: the lath martensite tissue after the high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel that austenitization applies the 0.54Mpa stress quenches;
Fig. 4 b: the lath martensite tissue after the high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel that austenitization applies the 0.75Mpa stress quenches;
Fig. 4 c: the lath martensite tissue after the high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel that austenitization applies the 1.21Mpa stress quenches;
Fig. 5: the little distortion high chromium content ferrite of differing temps high temperature steel martensite lath average headway size.
Embodiment
Experiment sees Table 1 with the chemical ingredients scope of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel.Raw materials used purity all is higher than 99%, by melting and carry out vacuum refinement and two technological processs of external refining in electric arc furnace or induction furnace after the set composition proportion, is tubing or sheet material through hot rolling then.
Get the sample that melts the identical component after joining, cut cylindrical sample with the line cutting from steel pipe, the polar expansion specimen size is diameter 5mm, long 10mm; Putting into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit behind the cleaning-drying handles: setting program is: temperature rise rate is 30～80 ℃/min, when reaching 640 ℃～700 ℃, temperature begins later on (to see Fig. 2 a) by predetermined stress value loading, in heat-processed subsequently, keep the constant value of compressive stress, unloading when specimen temperature reaches 960 ℃～1000 ℃, directly adopt simultaneously the cooling of high speed nitrogen without insulation and reduce (and even stopping) heating power quench simultaneously force cooling (the speed of cooling scope is 500～6000 ℃/min, wherein the highest rate of cooling be 6000 ℃/min).
The present invention is described in further detail for following example:
Embodiment 1:
(1) specimen preparation
Raw materials used purity all is higher than 99%, by the melting and carry out vacuum refinement and two technological processs of external refining in electric arc furnace or induction furnace of the set composition proportion of table 2 (corresponding T91 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel) back, be tubing or sheet material (1.5 centimetres of wall thickness) through hot rolling then.
The chemical ingredients scope of table 2 T91 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel
| Constituent element | Content (wt.%) |
| ??C | ??0.09 |
| ??Si | ??0.03 |
| ??Cr | ??9.1 |
| ??Mo | ??1.1 |
| ??Mn | ??0.4 |
| ??V | ??0.2 |
| ??Nb | ??0.07 |
| ??N | ??0.04 |
| ??Al | ??0.01 |
(2) the little deformation process of austenitization
Sample is put into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit to be handled: at first the heat-up rate with 50 ℃/min is heated to 1000 ℃, when reaching 680 ℃, temperature begins later on to load by predetermined stress value (0.54MPa), in heat-processed subsequently, keep constant stress value (0.54MPa), unloading when specimen temperature reaches 1000 ℃, directly adopt the cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction (and even stopping) heating power to quench simultaneously simultaneously without insulation and force cooling, its rate of cooling is 500 ℃/min.
After the little deformation process of above-mentioned austenitization, average martensite lath spacing in this T91 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample tissue is refined as 13.5 microns from 15.2 microns, the martensite lath degree of uniformity significantly improves, and has effectively avoided the formation (shown in Fig. 4 a) of martensite lath mixed grain structure.
Embodiment 2:
(1) specimen preparation
Raw materials used purity all is higher than 99%, by the melting and carry out vacuum refinement and two technological processs of external refining in electric arc furnace or induction furnace of the set composition proportion of table 3 (corresponding T92 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel) back, be tubing or sheet material (1.5 centimetres of wall thickness) through hot rolling then.
The chemical ingredients scope of table 2 T92 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel
| Constituent element | Content (wt.%) |
| ??C | ??0.08 |
| ??Si | ??0.03 |
| ??Cr | ??9.1 |
| ??Mo | ??0.4 |
| ??Mn | ??0.4 |
| ??V | ??0.2 |
| ??Nb | ??0.05 |
| ??N | ??0.04 |
| ??Al | ??0.01 |
| ??W | ??1.0 |
| ??B | ??0.05 |
(2) austenitization deformation process
Sample is put into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit to be handled: at first the heat-up rate with 30 ℃/min is heated to 960 ℃, when reaching 640 ℃, temperature begins later on to load by the preliminary stress value, in heat-processed subsequently, keep constant value of compressive stress (0.75MPa), unloading when specimen temperature reaches 960 ℃, directly adopt the cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction (and even stopping) heating power to quench simultaneously simultaneously without insulation and force cooling, the highest rate of cooling is that (wherein the high-temperature part speed of cooling is bigger for 6000 ℃/min, by the time speed of cooling obviously reduces after the cold zone, and this mainly is subjected to the restriction of heat transfer boundary condition).
After the little deformation process of above-mentioned austenitization, average martensite lath spacing in this T92 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample tissue is refined as 13.2 microns from 15.3 microns, the martensite lath degree of uniformity significantly improves, and has effectively avoided the formation (shown in Fig. 4 b) of martensite lath mixed grain structure.
Embodiment 3:
(1) specimen preparation
Raw materials used purity all is higher than 99%, by the melting and carry out vacuum refinement and two technological processs of external refining in electric arc furnace or induction furnace of the set composition proportion of table 3 (corresponding T92 jessop) back, be tubing or sheet material (1.5 centimetres of wall thickness) through hot rolling then.
(2) the little deformation process of austenitization
Sample is put into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit to be handled: at first the heat-up rate with 80 ℃/min is heated to 990 ℃, when reaching 700 ℃, temperature begins later on to load by the preliminary stress value, in heat-processed subsequently, keep constant stress value (1.21MPa), unloading when specimen temperature reaches 990 ℃, directly adopt the cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction (and even stopping) heating power to quench simultaneously simultaneously without insulation and force cooling, its rate of cooling is 3000 ℃/min.
After the little deformation process of above-mentioned austenitization, average martensite lath spacing in this T92 high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel sample tissue is refined as 12.9 microns from 15.3 microns, the martensite lath degree of uniformity significantly improves, and has effectively avoided the formation (shown in Fig. 4 c) of martensite lath mixed grain structure.
The little distortion lath martensite of the high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitizing mixed grain structure control method that the present invention proposes, be described by embodiment, person skilled obviously can be changed or suitably change and combination making method as herein described in not breaking away from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes technology of the present invention.Special needs to be pointed out is, the replacement that all are similar and change apparent to those skilled in the artly, they are regarded as being included in spirit of the present invention, scope and the content.
Claims (1)
1. the little distortion lath of high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel austenitization martensitic stucture control method is tubing or sheet material with high chromium content ferrite high temperature steel through hot rolling, makes the sample that wall thickness is not more than 6 centimetres; It is characterized in that sample is put into the high-frequency induction thermal treatment unit to be handled: at first the heat-up rate with 30 ℃～80 ℃/min is heated to 960 ℃～1000 ℃, when reaching 640 ℃～700 ℃, temperature begins later on to load by predetermined value of compressive stress 0.54～1.21MPa, in heat-processed subsequently, keep the constant value of compressive stress, unloading when specimen temperature reaches 960 ℃～1000 ℃, directly adopt cooling of high speed nitrogen and reduction heating power to carry out quench cooled simultaneously, the rate of cooling scope is 500～6000 ℃/min.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103305663A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-18 | 天津大学 | Martensite lath tissue refining method under effect of strong magnetic field of heat-resistant steel of 9-12% Cr system |
| CN106086347A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-09 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of method promoting large-size workpiece crystal grain to refine |
| CN108728621A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-11-02 | 天津大学 | A kind of martensite lath thinning method of high martensitic chromium steel |
| CN112410623A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-02-26 | 天津大学 | High-damping aluminum-silicon-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
-
2009
- 2009-07-21 CN CN2009100698050A patent/CN101608254B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103305663A (en) * | 2013-05-30 | 2013-09-18 | 天津大学 | Martensite lath tissue refining method under effect of strong magnetic field of heat-resistant steel of 9-12% Cr system |
| CN106086347A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-09 | 华北理工大学 | A kind of method promoting large-size workpiece crystal grain to refine |
| CN108728621A (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2018-11-02 | 天津大学 | A kind of martensite lath thinning method of high martensitic chromium steel |
| CN108728621B (en) * | 2017-04-14 | 2020-05-05 | 天津大学 | Method for refining martensite lath of high-chromium martensite steel |
| CN112410623A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2021-02-26 | 天津大学 | High-damping aluminum-silicon-based composite material and preparation method thereof |
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