CN101605951A - 单条单腹板的格栅t型件 - Google Patents

单条单腹板的格栅t型件 Download PDF

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CN101605951A
CN101605951A CNA2007800487754A CN200780048775A CN101605951A CN 101605951 A CN101605951 A CN 101605951A CN A2007800487754 A CNA2007800487754 A CN A2007800487754A CN 200780048775 A CN200780048775 A CN 200780048775A CN 101605951 A CN101605951 A CN 101605951A
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CN101605951B (zh
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M·M·拉希尔
小J·J·勒汉
P·拉隆德
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USG Interiors LLC
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C3/06—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web
    • E04C3/07—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D47/00—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures
    • B21D47/01—Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures beams or pillars
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B9/06—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members
    • E04B9/065—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section
    • E04B9/067—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation characterised by constructional features of the supporting construction, e.g. cross section or material of framework members comprising supporting beams having a folded cross-section with inverted T-shaped cross-section
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0421—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section comprising one single unitary part
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0426—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section
    • E04C2003/043—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by material distribution in cross section the hollow cross-section comprising at least one enclosed cavity
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0452—H- or I-shaped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49623—Static structure, e.g., a building component
    • Y10T29/49634—Beam or girder

Abstract

一种格栅T型件以及制造所述格栅T型件的方法，所述T型件包括一细长薄板金属条带，所述条带折叠在自身上以便整体地形成一下部双壁凸缘、中空的上部加强球部以及在所述凸缘和球部之间向上延伸的腹板，所述凸缘大体位于水平平面中、具有相对的间隔开的纵向延伸平行边并且与所述腹板垂直，所述腹板位于大体竖直的平面中，所述条带具有两个纵向延伸的边缘边区，所述边缘边区被大体竖直地设置并且至少在纵向间隔的位置固定至形成腹板一部分的条带的中央区域并且形成双腹板层区域，所述条带的边缘边区彼此竖直地间隔开，使得形成腹板一部分的条带中央区域的一部分是唯一的单层。

Description

单条单腹板的格栅T型件
技术领域
本发明涉及吊顶格栅，特别地涉及改进的格栅T型件和方法。
背景技术
吊顶通常使用具有倒“T”形横截面的格栅元件或者滑槽。更经常地，格栅T型件由滚压成其期望构造的薄金属板制成。倒置的T型件的下凸缘通常承载有薄板材料，所述薄板材料水平地延伸穿过毗邻的格栅T型件之间的空间并且至少形成可视天花板表面的大部分区域。在倒T型件段的顶端的中空球部通常被提供以便机械地加强该格栅T型件。近年来已经提出了在滚压成型的薄金属板格栅T型件的基本横截面方面的变型以便在载荷能力、刚度方面改善性能和/或降低格栅T型件的制造成本。众所周知的是，例如使位于下凸缘和上球部之间的作为格栅T型段一部分的腹板区域为一个或多个层。在腹板包括两层的情况下，已知将这些层在间隔的位置处固定在一起。美国专利5,979,055和6,047,511披露了后一种类型构造的例子。
存在以下需要，即降低格栅T型件的制造成本并使它更容易安装，尤其是这些优点能够通过降低材料含量而实现时。
发明内容
本发明提供了由单个金属条带片材形成的用于吊顶的格栅T型件，其结合了独特的折叠和互锁层结构，该结构实现了高的载荷能力，同时能够由更薄的材料形成以便减少材料含量。令人惊奇的是，已经发现：尽管在腹板区域的内在横向对称性，在条带被折叠和固定以便形成两个封闭边界(一个在顶部包围球部，一个在底部包围凸缘，同时在凸缘和球部之间的腹板的中间部分被留下作为单层)时，也能够实现高的梁强度和扭转强度。单层腹板节省了材料，但是不会导致梁强度的相应损失。除了在腹板的单层中间段中节省了材料之外，本发明还允许在整个横截面使用更轻的标准材料，从而实现了材料含量的甚至更大的节省。另外，更轻的标准材料更容易在现场切割，因此更容易安装。
在形成T形横截面的折叠条带的纵向边缘区域被连续地连接至腹板的不间断层或者在沿着T型件的纵向适当间隔的局部位置连接至腹板的不间断层的情况下，能够获得本发明的这些优点。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明形成的格栅T型件的局部透视图；
图2是以放大比例示出结构细节的图1的格栅T型件的端视图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2显示了根据本发明构造的格栅T型件10的一个例子。图示的格栅T型件10具有倒“T”型的整体大致传统的横截面轮廓，其提供下部水平凸缘11、上部中空加强球部12以及在水平凸缘和球部之间延伸的大体竖直的腹板13。T型件10优选用大体传统的工具滚压成型，这在本领域是公知的。T型件10由单个金属条(通常是钢或铝)制成，其足够的软或可锻造以便形成为图示的形状或其它期望的形状。
图示的格栅T型件10能够被用于干砌石墙吊顶中，并且在凸缘11的下表面或侧表面17形成有纵向延伸的槽16。除了提供刚度的增加之外，这些槽16还在安装者当自攻且自出渣螺钉穿透凸缘之前向自攻且自出渣螺钉施加大并由此使得凸缘翘起时限制被向上驱动进入凸缘11中以将干砌石墙薄板固定至所述表面的所述螺钉从凸缘上“滑”脱的趋势。
更详细地描述格栅T型件10，尤其是描述其横截面形状或轮廓，形成T型件的金属条19被在自身上折叠。所述折叠使得凸缘11包括双层21和22。一层21形成下表面17，而另一层22包括两个单独部件23、24，每个部件在腹板13的相对两侧横向地延伸。在凸缘11的外边缘或远侧边缘26，薄板或条带19以适度的内弯曲半径被反折到自身上，在这些边缘的相应折叠的内侧留下特意敞开的空间27。所述敞开的折叠区域27形成了一个凸缘结构，其比薄板或条带19在边缘26处基本平地折叠时以及没有敞开区域存在时所发生的情况更加刚硬及具有更少的波纹。上凸缘层22的两个侧部23、24遵循着具有槽16的下层或外层21的轮廓。
条带或薄板19在两个上凸缘部分23、24处折叠90度，从而它们与腹板13汇合。在图中，从上凸缘层22的左部23突出的条带19的材料从凸缘11连续或不间断延伸至球部12。比较而言，从上凸缘层22的右部24突出的条带19的材料是条带的边缘区域32并且终止于条带或薄板边缘33，优选终止于一个高度，该高度在腹板13的中间高度下方。
在图示的例子中，具有大体矩形横截面的中空球部12通过连续包绕的条带19而形成。而且，在腹板13的右侧，参照附图，条带的边缘区域36从球部12的下侧下垂并且终止在边缘37处。
如上所述，腹板13包括在凸缘11与球部12之间连续的层38，其由条带19的整个宽度的中间段形成。所述层38在条带19的侧边33、37之间的竖直空间中形成腹板13的单独的或唯一的层39。连续的腹板层38形成有一对竖直间隔开的偏置或弯曲部41、42。所述偏置部41、42将腹板13的单层39的大部分定位在T型件10的名义中间平面内，即：在横向上二等分凸缘11和球部12的中央假想竖直平面。通过弯曲或偏置部41、42所提供的该几何形状减少了由于边缘区域32、36的边33、37之间的间隙而存在于T型件的横截面中的横向偏心率。
条带或薄板19的两个边缘区域32、36(即，形成部分腹板双层的元件)被固定至它们所邻接的连续腹板层38上。这些部分腹板层或边缘区域32、36能够以任何合适的已知方式被固定，包括但不限于焊接、熔接、粘结、钎焊、机械固定和/或粘合剂固定。边缘区域32、36能够沿着T型件10的长度连续地固定至连续层38上或者能够如图1所示的情况在沿着所述长度的间隔位置被固定。图1显示了以46、47表示的规则间隔开的位置，在所述位置腹板层38、32和36通过点焊固定在一起。这些位置46、47的纵向位置在每个边缘区域32、36处不需要是相同的。已经发现：对于由条带或薄板19材料制成的具有给定横截面几何形状和物理特性的T型件10，存在焊接或其它局部固定有利的位置最大间距，超出该最大间距就产生特别脆弱的产品。位置46、47的最大纵向间距将尤其依赖于T型件10的几何形状、条带或薄板19材料的强度以及条带的规格或厚度。借助例子，在T型件10具有1-1/2”的高度、由热浸镀锌(HDG)低碳钢制成并且名义上0.012”厚的情况下，大约两倍T型件高度的间距能够实现好的效果，但是比T型件的高度的4倍更大的距离通常在格栅要被用于构造悬吊的干砌石墙天花板的情况下会导致不可接受的低载荷能力。
将要看到：将边缘区域32和36在间隔位置46、47处固定到连续层38或者结构上连续地固定到连续层38会产生两个封闭的边界或封闭部分。其中一个封闭边界通过球部以及连续层38和区域36的毗邻区域提供。另一个边界通过凸缘11以及由层38和区域32所提供的腹板的毗邻区域形成。将要看到：在凸缘11的边26处的中空区域27在它们作为该封闭边界的一部分存在时能够为T型件增加相应的扭转刚度。所述两个封闭的边界极大地加强了T型件，特别在扭转方面。
披露的格栅T型件能够被用于主滑槽和横交滑槽。格栅T型件10能够设有合适的端部连接件，如本领域所公知的，不管它们是整体的还是借助单独的夹子。腹板13能够开槽以便接纳横交T型件的连接件。本发明能够应用于旨在与铺设瓷砖等一起使用的格栅T型件。在干砌石墙吊顶应用中，所披露的格栅T型件10具有比传统商业现有技术产品节省材料的28％的潜力。除了节省材料之外，通过本发明成为可能的更薄的标准材料更容易利用一对剪子人工切割，从而使得所披露的格栅T型件更容易安装。
应当显而易见的是：本公开是借助例子的，在不偏离本公开所包含的教导的公正范围下，通过增加、修改或消除细节能够进行各种改变。例如，可以设想条带的边缘区域能够被布置在腹板的连续层的相对侧上。因此，在以下权利要求书被必要地如此限制的范围下，本发明不限于该公开的特定细节。

Claims (5)

1、一种格栅T型件，其包括细长薄板金属条带，所述条带折叠在自身上以整体地形成下部两层壁凸缘、中空的上部加强球部以及在所述凸缘和所述球部之间向上延伸的腹板，所述凸缘大体位于一水平平面中并且具有相对且间隔开的纵向延伸平行边缘，而且与所述腹板垂直，所述腹板位于一大体竖直平面中，所述条带具有两个纵向延伸的边缘边区，所述边缘边区被大体竖直地设置并且至少在纵向间隔的位置固定至条带的形成腹板一部分的中央区域上，并且形成腹板双层区域，所述条带的边缘边区彼此竖直地间隔开，使得条带的形成腹板部分的中央区域的一部分是单一层。
2、根据权利要求1所述的格栅T型件，其特征在于，所述边缘边区沿着所述腹板以纵向间隔开的间距被点焊。
3、根据权利要求1所述的格栅T型件，其特征在于，所述边缘边区通过包括点焊部、机械紧固件和粘合剂的一个或多个有利方式被固定。
4、根据权利要求1所述的格栅T型件，其特征在于，所述条带的形成所述腹板的中央单一层部分的中间段沿横向方向与薄板的邻接部分偏置，使得所述单一层部分位于横向等分所述球部和所述凸缘的平面中。
5、一种构造格栅T型件的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：提供一金属条带，通过诸如传统滚压成型技术将所述条带在自身上折叠，所述条带被折叠使得整体地形成一双层凸缘、与所述凸缘间隔开的中空加强球部以及连接所述凸缘和球部的一腹板，所述条带被折叠成使得所述条带的边缘边彼此竖直间隔开地形成在腹板的区域中，并且所述条带的一中央区域在所述边缘边之间的一竖直区域中形成腹板的单一层部分，所述条带的与所述边缘边相关的所述边缘区域被固定以毗邻所述条带的中间区域，所述中间区域邻接形成所述单一层部分的区域。
CN200780048775.4A 2006-12-29 2007-12-10 格栅t型件及其构造方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101605951B (zh)

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US11/617,776 US8359812B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2006-12-29 Single strip single web grid tee
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