CN101597798B - Codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN101597798B
CN101597798B CN2009100542146A CN200910054214A CN101597798B CN 101597798 B CN101597798 B CN 101597798B CN 2009100542146 A CN2009100542146 A CN 2009100542146A CN 200910054214 A CN200910054214 A CN 200910054214A CN 101597798 B CN101597798 B CN 101597798B
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CN101597798A (en
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潘尚可
杨帆
任国浩
丁栋舟
陆晟
张卫东
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Shanghai Institute of Ceramics of CAS
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of scintillation crystal materials, especially relating to a codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and a preparation method thereof. The codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal has the following chemical formula: Li6CexNyGd1-x-yB3O9-delta/2Mdelta, wherein, M is selected from one or two elements of F, Cl, Br and I, N is selected from one or two elements of Sc, Y, La and Lu, and at least one of Li element, Gd element and B element exists in the form of special isotope; x is more than 0 and is 0.2 at most, yis 0 at least and is smaller than 1, delta is 0 at least and 0.1 at most, and y and delta can not be 0 at the same time. The preparation method comprises the following steps: raw materials are mixed, synthesized in solid phase and transformed to grow and prepare single crystal form with a pulling method in a single crystal growing furnace. The codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of the invention takes Ce<3+> ion as an luminous center, and lithium, gadolinium and borate elements exist in one or the combination of Li-6, gadolinium-155, gadolinium-157 or borate-10 isotope so as to perform the function of generating nuclear reaction with the detected neutrons.

Description

Codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to the scintillator crystal materials field, be specifically related to a kind of codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Scintillation crystal as a kind of through high energy particle or rays excite and luminous functional materials; Its scintillation properties is very responsive to the crystalline microdefect; Can change the crystalline defect state through mixing and improve the crystalline scintillation properties, thereby form new functional crystal material.Mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate crystal (Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9) lithium-6 or boron-10 or gadolinium-155 or gadolinium-157 isotropic substance and neutron through enrichment in the crystal react detected neutron, at first the J.B.Czirr by the U.S. reported its potential use as the neutron detection scintillation crystal in 1996.As a kind of novel neutron detection scintillation crystal, Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9Have the following advantages:
(1) contains Li, B and three kinds of isotopic elements that neutron had big capture cross-section of Gd simultaneously; Can select different isotopic enrichment combinations according to different detection demands; Optimization design goes out the crystal composition of higher detection efficiency, so this crystal has very strong flexibility.
(2) luminescence center is Ce 3+Ion; Having fall time short (28ns), light output, high (each neutron excites and produces 40000 photoelectrons; Every MeV gamma-rays excites and produces 25000 photoelectrons) and emission wavelength (centre wavelength is 395nm) and characteristics such as PM (PMT) coupling is good, thereby its detection efficiency is high, is 66 times and 9 times of BC-454 of Li glass.
(3) effective atomic number low (46.3) is eliminated the gamma-rays background easily.
(4) specific refractory power low (1.67405nm) is easy to polymkeric substance compoundly, is very suitable for big area neutron detection and imaging.
(5) both can utilize this crystalline bulk-shaped monocrystal to make the neutron detector of small area, and also can utilize the powder of this crystalline particular particles to produce the big area neutron detector.
Yet, Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9Also there is following shortcoming in crystal simultaneously as a kind of novel neutron detection scintillation crystal:
(1) Ce:Li 6Gd (BO 3) 3Crystal is a kind of cerium-ion activated scintillation crystal, Ce 3+The valence distribution of ion in crystal is extremely important to the crystalline scintillation properties.Under study for action, all use CeO usually 2As the active ions doping agent; And the quadrivalent cerium ion is not luminous; Have only the quadrivalent cerium ion to be converted into trivalent cerium ion; This crystal could be luminous, but the Ce ion is synthetic at raw material, melt forms and crystal growing process in variation of valence very complicated, it is particularly important to let more quadrivalent cerium ion be converted into trivalent cerium ion.The general variation of valence of all controlling cerium ion through control growing atmosphere, but its mechanism and effect are difficult to be controlled effectively.This also is nearly all doped Ce 3+The problem that the ionic scintillation crystal all exists makes this crystalloid very poor with the crystallo-luminescence homogeneity of different heat growths at different sites.
(2) Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9Crystal is a kind of borate crystal, the crystal poor thermal conductivity, and contain a large amount of borate groups in its melt; Be prone to form network-like structure, thereby cause melt viscosity big, the speed of growth is slow; The latent heat that discharges in the crystal growing process is big to the crystal growth influence, makes that this crystal growth is wayward.In addition, this crystal also exists (010), (121) and a plurality of cleavage surfaces such as (012), makes that crystal is easy to crack, is difficult to process the shortcomings such as wafer of diameter greater than 30mm, has limited this crystalline research and range of application.
(3) Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9Contain a large amount of in the crystal 155Gd with 157The Gd isotropic substance, the cross section of itself and neutron reaction is far longer than 6Li with 10The B isotropic substance, can influence neutron with 6Li or 10The isotopic reaction of B, thus this crystal utilization reduced 6Li or 10The B coordination usually carry out neutron detection efficient.
In sum, how to introduce that the quadrivalent cerium ion is converted into trivalent cerium ion, how reduce the viscosity of melt, improve the crystalline speed of growth, and how to improve this crystal utilization through the codoped of various ingredients 6Li or 10The B coordination usually carry out neutron detection efficient become the present problem demanding prompt solution of those skilled in the art.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome defective of the prior art, a kind of codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof is provided.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of the present invention's employing is following:
A kind of codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal is characterized in that, this crystalline chemical formula is: Li 6Ce xN yGd 1-x-yB 3O 9-δ/2M δ, wherein, M is selected from one or both in the following element: F, Cl, Br and I; N is selected from one or both in the following element: Sc, Y, La and Lu; At least a form with particular isotope in said Li element, Gd element and the B element exists; Wherein 0<x≤0.2,0≤y<1,0≤δ≤0.1, and y and δ are not 0 simultaneously.
Said particular isotope is selected from Li-6, Gd-155, Gd-157 or B-10.Lithium, gadolinium and boron exist with which kind of isotropic substance or its array configuration, depend on the Application Areas of the neutron detector made from this crystal.
Preferably, the chemical formula of said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal is Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9-δ/2M δ, 0<x≤0.2,0<δ≤0.1 wherein, M is selected from one or both of following element: F, Cl, Br and I, at least a form with particular isotope in Li element, Gd element and the B element exists; Or the chemical formula of this codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal is Li 6Ce xN yGd 1-x-yB 3O 9, 0<x≤0.2,0<y<1 wherein, N is selected from one or both of following element: Sc, Y, La and Lu, at least a form with particular isotope in Li element, Gd element and the B element exists; Or the chemical formula of this codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal is Li 6Ce xN yGd 1-x-yB 3O 9-δ/2M δ, 0<x≤0.2,0<y<1 wherein; 0<δ≤0.1; M is selected from one or both of following element: F, Cl, Br and I, N is selected from one or both of following element: Sc, Y, La and Lu, at least a form with particular isotope in Li element, Gd element and the B element exists.
Said particular isotope is selected from Li-6, Gd-155, Gd-157 or B-10.
The preparation method of codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of the present invention comprises the steps:
1) joining of crystal growth raw material gets: be mixed into admixtion behind the various raw materials of weighing in proportion;
2) the crystal growth raw material is synthetic: sintering made the crystal growth raw material after admixtion was pressed into the material piece;
3) single crystal preparation: the crystal growth raw material is heated to abundant fusing, obtains the crystal growth melt, adopt crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth.
Raw material in the said step 1) comprises: contain Li element raw material, contain B element raw material, contain Gd element raw material, contain Ce element raw material and contain N element raw material.
Preferably, the said Li of containing element raw material is selected from Li 2CO 3, among LiOH and the LiM one or more; Contain B element raw material and be selected from H 3BO 3And B 2O 3In one or more; Contain Gd element raw material and be selected from Gd 2O 3And GdM 3In one or more; Contain Ce element raw material and be selected from CeM 3And CeO 2In one or more; Contain N element raw material and be selected from NM 3And N 2O 3In one or more.
Preferably, in the said step 1), contain the weight of B element raw material excessive 1~5% (that is: contain the weight that contains B element raw material excessive 1~5% that the weight ratio of B element raw material is calculated according to the stoichiometric ratio of B element in the molecular formula).
Preferably, said step 2) synthesis step of crystal growth raw material is in: admixtion is pressed into sintering behind the material piece, cooling and grind after be pressed into material piece sintering once more, cooling.
Preferably, said step 2) the material piece in is that diameter is 40~60mm, highly is the cylindrical block of 10~20mm.
Preferably, in the said step 3), when adopting crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth, crystal growth temperature is 800~865 ℃, and rotating speed is 1~10rpm during crystal growth, and pulling rate is 0.1~2mm/h, and preferred rate of temperature fall is: 0.4~0.8 ℃/h.
Preferably, in the said step 3), when adopting crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth, crystal growth atmosphere is air, nitrogen, argon gas, contain the nitrogen of oxygen 1~10at.% or contain the argon gas of oxygen 1~10at.%.
Preferably, in the said step 3), when adopting crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth, as crystal growth seed crystal, and said lithium gadolinium borate seed crystal direction can be any with platinum wire or lithium gadolinium borate single crystal seed.
The present invention adopts crystal pulling method to prepare a kind of codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal that is specifically designed to neutron detection, in the scintillation crystal of the present invention with CeF 3Replaced C eO 2Be used as the active ions doping agent, therefore improved the concentration of trivalent cerium ion; Through introducing the viscosity that halide-ions reduces melt, improve the crystalline speed of growth simultaneously; Perhaps use La 3+, Y 3+, Sc 3+Or Lu 3+Ion is partly replaced Gd 3+Ion has reduced 155Gd with 157The Gd isotropic substance is right 6Li or 10The isotopic interference of B.Mixing through above-mentioned several kinds makes this crystalline luminescence mechanism with to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline identical, but luminous intensity strengthens to some extent.Codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of the present invention is with Ce 3+Ion is a luminescence center, and lithium, gadolinium and boron are to exist with the isotopic form a kind of or its combination of lithium-6, gadolinium-155, gadolinium-157 or boron-10, plays and the effect that is produced nuclear reaction by detected neutron, can realize the through engineering approaches application.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9And Li 6Ce 0.005Gd 0.995B 3O 9-δF δCrystalline sees through spectrum.
Fig. 2 Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9And Li 6Ce 0.005Gd 0.995B 3O 9-δF δCrystalline x rays excite spectrum.
Fig. 3 Li 6Ce xGd 1-xB 3O 9And Li 6Ce 0.005Gd 0.995B 3O 9-δF δCrystalline burst of ultraviolel spectrum.
Embodiment
Further describe Ytterbium-doped lithium gadolinium borate laser crystal of the present invention and preparation method thereof through specific embodiment below.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
With CeF 3Replace CeO 2Be doping agent, according to consisting of 6Li 6Ce 0.005Gd 0.995B 3O 8.9925F 0.015, weighing 6Li 2CO 3(99.99%) 270.00g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 225.43g, H 3BO 3(99.99%) 238.83g and CeF 3(99.99%) 1.23g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 60mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 3rpm; Pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 4 days growth, can grow diameter was 20mm; Length is the monocrystalline about 50mm, shown in its performance such as Fig. 1-3, can be found out by content among the figure; The crystal of this new component, its luminescence mechanism is with to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline identical, but luminous intensity strengthens to some extent.
Embodiment 2
With CeO 2Be doping agent, according to consisting of 6Li 6Ce 0.005Gd 0.895Y 0.1B 3O 9, weighing 6Li 2CO 3(99.99%) 270.00g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 202.77g, Y 2O 3(99.99%) 14.11g, H 3BO 3(99.99%) 238.83g and CeO 2(99.99%) 1.08g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 60mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 30mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 30mm.
Embodiment 3:
With CeO 2Be doping agent, according to consisting of 6Li 6Ce 0.005Gd 0.995B 3O 9-δ/2F δ, weighing 6Li 2CO 3(99.99%) 268.65g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 225.43g, H 3BO 3(99.99%) 238.83g with 6LiF (99.99%) 0.9375g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 60mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 25mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 35mm.
Embodiment 4:
With CeO 2Be doping agent, according to consisting of 6Li 6Ce 0.01 156Gd 0.99B 3O 9-δ/2F δ, weighing 6LiOH (99.99%) 390.00g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 460.75g, 156GdI 3(99.99%) 13.93g, B 2O 3(99.99%) 279.66g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 80mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 30mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 35mm.
Embodiment 5:
With CeO 2Be doping agent, according to consisting of 6Li 6Ce 0.01Sc 0.10Gd 0.89 10B 3O 9, weighing LiOH (99.99%) 390.00g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 419.41g, B 2O 3(99.99%) 559.33g, Sc 2O 3(99.99%) 17.93g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 80mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 35mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 30mm.
Embodiment 6:
With CeCl 3Be doping agent, according to consisting of Li 6Ce 0.005La 0.2 156Gd 0.795 10B 3O 9-δ/2Cl δ, weighing LiOH (99.99%) 373.59g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 374.64g, La 2O 3(99.99%) 84.71g, B 2O 3(99.99%) 559.33g, CeCl 3(99.99%) 3.20g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 80mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 30mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 32mm.
Embodiment 7:
With CeCl 3Be doping agent, according to consisting of Li 6Ce 0.2 156Gd 0.8 10B 3O 8.95Cl 0.1, weighing LiOH (99.99%) 373.68g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 376.48g, B 2O 3(99.99%) 286.1g, CeCl 3(99.99%) 21.32g, CeO 2(99.99%) 74.39g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 80mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 30mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 32mm.
Embodiment 8:
With CeCl 3Be doping agent, according to consisting of Li 6Ce 0.2(La 0.01Y 0.02) 156Gd 0.77 10B 3O 8.955(Cl 0.03Br 0.06), weighing LiOH (99.99%) 373.68g, Gd 2O 3(99.99%) 362g, B 2O 3(99.99%) 272.48g, CeO 2(99.99%) 89.27g, LaCl 3(99.99%) 6.37g, YBr 3(99.99%) 17.08g mixes, and being pressed into diameter is the cylindric bulk of 50mm, puts into the corundum cup, 450 ℃ of sintering temperatures 10 hours, takes out, and grinds again, is pressed into bulk again, inserts in the retort furnace, 700 ℃ of following sintering 10 hours.After the taking-up, putting into the platinum crucible that diameter is 80mm, is seed crystal to mix cerium lithium gadolinium borate monocrystalline, and rotating speed is 5rpm, and pulling rate is 0.5mm/h, and through 3 days growth, can grow diameter was 30mm, and length is the monocrystalline about 32mm.

Claims (9)

1. a codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal is characterized in that, this crystalline chemical formula is: Li 6Ce xN yGd 1-x-yB 3O 9-δ/2M δ, wherein, M is selected from one or both in the following element: F, Cl, Br and I; N is selected from one or both in the following element: Sc, Y, La and Lu; At least a form with particular isotope in said Li element, Gd element and the B element exists; Wherein 0<x≤0.2,0≤y<1,0≤δ≤0.1, and y and δ are not 0 simultaneously.
2. codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal according to claim 1 is characterized in that said particular isotope is selected from Li-6, Gd-155, Gd-157 or B-10.
3. the preparation method of codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal according to claim 1 comprises the steps:
1) joining of crystal growth raw material gets: be mixed into admixtion behind the various raw materials of weighing in proportion;
2) the crystal growth raw material is synthetic: sintering made the crystal growth raw material after admixtion was pressed into the material piece;
3) single crystal preparation: the crystal growth raw material is heated to abundant fusing, obtains the crystal growth melt, adopt crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth; Crystal growth temperature is 800~865 ℃; Rotating speed is 1~10rpm during crystal growth, and pulling rate is 0.1~2mm/h, and rate of temperature fall is 0.4~0.8 ℃/h.
4. like the preparation method of the said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of claim 3, it is characterized in that the raw material in the said step 1) comprises: contain Li element raw material, contain B element raw material, contain Gd element raw material, contain Ce element raw material and contain N element raw material.
5. like the preparation method of the said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of claim 3, it is characterized in that the said Li of containing element raw material is selected from Li 2CO 3, among LiOH and the LiM one or more; Contain B element raw material and be selected from H 3BO 3And B 2O 3In one or more; Contain Gd element raw material and be selected from Gd 2O 3With among the GdM3 one or more; Contain Ce element raw material and be selected from CeM 3And CeO 2In one or more; Contain N element raw material and be selected from NM 3And N 2O 3In one or more.
6. like the preparation method of the said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of claim 4, it is characterized in that, in the said step 1), contain the weight excessive 1~5% of B element raw material.
7. like the preparation method of the said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of claim 3; It is characterized in that; Said step 2) synthesis step of crystal growth raw material is in: admixtion is pressed into sintering behind the material piece, cooling and grind after be pressed into material piece sintering once more, cooling.
8. like the preparation method of the said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of claim 3; It is characterized in that; In the said step 3), when adopting crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth, crystal growth atmosphere is air, nitrogen, argon gas, contain the nitrogen of oxygen 1~10at.% or contain the argon gas of oxygen 1~10at.%.
9. like the preparation method of the said codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal of claim 3, it is characterized in that, in the said step 3), when adopting crystal pulling method to carry out crystal growth, with platinum wire or lithium gadolinium borate single crystal seed as crystal growth seed crystal.
CN2009100542146A 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Codoping modified lithium gadolinium borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof Expired - Fee Related CN101597798B (en)

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CN104372410A (en) * 2014-11-17 2015-02-25 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 Cerium-doped rare earth borate scintillation crystal and preparation method thereof
CN108560053B (en) * 2018-04-24 2020-01-31 安徽晶宸科技有限公司 lanthanum, dysprosium and cerium codoped yttrium lutetium silicate scintillation material and crystal growth method thereof
CN113930842A (en) * 2021-10-14 2022-01-14 上海应用技术大学 Preparation method of cerium-doped lithium lutetium borate crystal
CN114775053B (en) * 2022-03-28 2023-12-26 山东大学 Cerium-lithium double-doped cesium-zirconium chloride scintillation crystal, preparation thereof and application thereof in neutron/gamma ray double-detection

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