Background technology
Industry and developing rapidly of agricultural cause water resource to be seriously damaged, industrial wastewater discharge is in rivers, lake, agricultural chemicals, agrochemical be the discharging wantonly of use and house refuse and sanitary wastewater in a large number, the water quality variation that these all cause underground water and surface water causes producing in the water a lot of harmful materials.Water pollutes more and more becomes the severe problem that influences people's life.
It is reported, all detected N-Nitrosodimethylamine (being called for short NDMA) in beverage well that a tame munitions factory of the U.S. in 1986 is other and the downstream well thereof.State government is investigated the N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the drinking-water, the result shows, be not only to contain N-Nitrosodimethylamine near the underground water munitions factory, and in some waterworks output waters that adopt chloramines disinfection, contain a certain amount of N-Nitrosodimethylamine yet.In addition, the normal recirculated water plant effluent that adopts in some areas of the U.S. recharges underground water, often adds the high dose chlorhexidine-containing disinfectant in the recycled water of using as greening or agricultural irrigation, and these can both cause the generation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
Nitrosamine is a kind of of N-nitroso compound, and its general structure is R
2(R
1) N-N=O.R
1With R
2Can be the same or different, work as R
1Equal R
2The time, be called the symmetry nitrosamine, as N-Nitrosodimethylamine and N-Nitrosodiethylamine; Work as R
1Be not equal to R
2The time, be called the asymmetry nitrosamine, as N-nitroso methyl ethylamine and N one nitroso dimethylpentylamine etc.Nitrosamine can show as vapour pressure and vary in size because the molecular weight difference, can be come out by steam distillation and through derivatization directly by the volatile nitrosamine that is of gas Chromatographic Determination, otherwise be called non-volatile nitrosamine.
N-Nitrosodimethylamine has carcinogenesis, mechanism is: under the effect of enzyme, carry out earlier hydroxylating on the carbon atom of alkyl, form the hydroxyl nitrosamine, again through the full gear effect, generate the monoalkyl nitrosamine,, form electrophilic alkyl diradical again through denitrification, the latter makes the nucleic acid alkylation in liver or cell, generate the alkyl guanine, cause the cytogenetics sudden change, thereby show carcinogenicity.
In China, long-term a large amount of uses of agricultural chemicals, pesticide and herbicide all may cause the generation of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in surface water and the underground water.For example, in mining area, Ci County, Hebei province,, cause 100 times of the content overproofs of N-Nitrosodimethylamine in this mining area ore bed well because a large amount of chemical fertilizer use and industrial wastewater discharge; In Inner Mongol Bayan Zhuo Er alliance, find that N-Nitrosodimethylamine also exceeds standard tens of times in the well water; In the drinking-water of liver cancer district occurred frequently, Guangxi, all found N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
International and domestic generally acknowledged, disinfection of drinking water technology is the key link that the control N-Nitrosodimethylamine generates.N-Nitrosodimethylamine mainly is the DBPs of chloramines, extensively is present in the rubbers such as beverage, tobacco smoke, baby bottles.
Existing volatilization naturally or gas extracting method all can not obtain effect preferably, and the N-Nitrosodimethylamine removal effect is not higher than 60% usually.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide a kind of filter medium, be mainly used in the N-Nitrosodimethylamine of removing in the water, thereby reach the purpose of improving water quality.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of preparation method of filter medium that is used for removing the water N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
In order to reach above goal of the invention, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
A kind of preparation method of filter medium that is used for removing the water N-Nitrosodimethylamine comprises the steps:
A) raw material that will comprise ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, active carbon, molecular sieve powder, zeolite powder and diatomite in powder mixes, and the weight ratio of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, active carbon, molecular sieve powder, zeolite powder and diatomite in powder is: 100~300: 50~100: 100~200: 100~150: 100~150;
B) mixture of step a) gained is suppressed sintering, cooling in mould.
Described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is a weight average molecular weight greater than 1,000,000 polyethylene, and preferably using weight average molecular weight is 250~4,000,000 polyethylene.Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene can obtain from domestic production producer, and the product of M-I (molecular weight is 150 ± 500,000), M-II (molecular weight is 250 ± 500,000), M-III (molecular weight is 350 ± 500,000), M-IV specifications such as (molecular weight are greater than 4,000,000) can be provided as Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be.An effect of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is bonding and the effect that forms the filter medium skeleton, utilizes ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene to pass through compacting in addition, and the filter medium that sintering obtains forms micropore easily, can play the effect of impurity in the adsorbed water.
Active carbon is a kind of porous material, and it has as cellular pore structure, huge specific area, special surface functional group, stable physics and chemical property, is good adsorbent, catalyst or catalyst carrier.Can be divided into wood activated charcoal according to raw material sources different activities charcoal, as cocoanut active charcoal, apricot shell active carbon, wooden burgy etc.; The mineral raw material active carbon is the active carbon that raw material is made as various coals and oil and elaboration products thereof; The active carbon that other raw material is made, the active carbon of making as scrap rubber, waste plastics etc.Be that the active carbon intensity in source is higher, absorption property is better wherein with the coconut husk material.The specific area of preferred active carbon is not less than 500 meters squared per gram, more preferably is not less than 1000 meters squared per gram.
Active carbon is impurity, the especially medical activated carbon in the adsorbed water efficiently, and as the product by the relevant drug surveilance standard of country, impurity content is lower, and surface area is bigger, and adsorption effect is also better.Select for use medical activated carbon can guarantee that filter medium is directly used in the processing of drinking water.It is better that active carbon uses particle diameter to be that 38~250 microns medical activated carbon is removed the effect of N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
Molecular sieve is a kind of silicate compound with cubic lattice structure, mainly connects to form spacious skeleton structure by sial by oxo bridge, and uniform duct, a lot of apertures and marshalling, hole that internal surface area is very big are arranged in structure.Contain electricity price lower and the metal ion that ionic radius is bigger and the water of chemical combination attitude in addition.Because hydrone loses in being subjected to thermal process continuously, but crystal framework structure is constant, formed the identical cavity of many sizes, cavity is linked to each other by the identical micropore of many diameters again, these small void diameter sizes evenly, can be than the inside of the little Molecular Adsorption of channel diameter to the hole, and than the big molecular repulsion in duct outside, thereby can come the different molecule of shape diameter, the different different molecular separation of molecule, degree of saturation of molecule, boiling point that polarity degree is different, promptly has the effect of " screening " molecule, so be called molecular sieve.Molecular sieve has powerful absorption and crown_interception for N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the water.
Molecular sieve model commonly used has:
A type: potassium A (3A), sodium A (4A), calcium A (5A);
X type: calcium X (10X), sodium X (13X);
Y type: sodium Y, calcium Y.
The molecular sieve wettability power is extremely strong, the processing of should regenerating before the resting period, molecular sieve long and moisture absorption used.The method that regeneration is handled is a lot, discloses a kind of method of regenerating and handling among the Chinese patent ZL91111093, and may further comprise the steps: (1) is 0.25-1.5 with ammonium sulfate and waste molecular sieve cracking catalyzer according to weight ratio: 1 mixes; (2) be heated to 250-600 ℃ of roasting and obtain soluble-salt; (3) product of roasting water logging makes soluble-salt soluble in water; (4) filtration makes solution separate with the molecular sieve filter residue; (5) filter residue water or weak aqua ammonia washing is until washing no SO
4 2-(5) filter residue is dry down at 50-100 ℃.If molecular sieve is the molecular sieve that does not have moisture absorption, then can directly uses and do not need the processing of regenerating.
Nano molecular sieve has the aperture more well-behaved than zeolite, duct and bigger specific area, therefore can produce bigger adsorption effect.Because N-Nitrosodimethylamine contains polar functional group, be hydrophilic material, be difficult to be adsorbed by hydrophobic material, zeolite powder, diatomite in powder and nano molecular sieve all are the hydrophily adsorbents, they use simultaneously has synergy.
Natural zeolite is the general name of moisture porous silicate, its crystalline texture mainly is to be made of silicon-oxy tetrahedron, wherein part tetravalence silicon ion is replaced by trivalent aluminium ion, cause the negative electrical charge surplus, the ion that therefore alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal isoequilibrium electric charge are arranged in the structure, the vestibule and the duct of certain pore size are arranged in the zeolite framework simultaneously, determined it to have character such as absorption, ion-exchange.
Natural zeolite can carry out modification by the acid treatment processing technology to be handled: natural zeolite is crushed to 5~80 orders, with concentration is the hydrochloric acid of 4~10wt% or sulfuric acid impregnation process 10~20 hours, in sodium carbonate or caustic alkali and the back wash, poach 30~60 minutes; Zeolite dehydration after will boiling at 350~580 ℃ of roasting temperatures, is crushed to needed granularity then then.
Can also pass through calcine technology, with the natural zeolite roasting to temperature when enough high, the water quenching, dry then, pulverize and obtain modified zeolite powder.
In addition, natural zeolite can also modification become Na type zeolite, H type zeolite, P type zeolite, NH
4Type zeolite or faujasite etc.For example: the NaOH immersion liquid is put in 3 grams, 10~20 purpose zeolite ore deposits, heated 70 hours down, promptly obtain P type zeolite powder at 95 ± 5 ℃.And for example, natural zeolite being handled with diluted mineral acid, can be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, makes the hydrogen ion exchange rate at least more than 20%, after the moulding 90~110 ℃ of dryings, at last with 350~600 ℃ of temperature heat-activated, H type zeolite.For another example, zeolite is handled with excessive sodium salt, as sodium chloride, sodium sulphate, sodium nitrate etc. make Na
+Exchange rate at least more than 75%, after the moulding 90~110 ℃ of dryings, at last with 350~600 ℃ of temperature heat-activated, Na type zeolite.
Zeolite can be removed impurity contained in the mineral and DDGS after modification is handled, etch abundant hole and vestibule in mineral structure, increases its contact area, thus character such as the absorption of raising zeolite, ion-exchange.As preferably, the particle diameter of modified zeolite powder is 44~74 microns.
Diatomite is made up of the remains of the very high diatom of oxycompound, radiolitid or sponge, is a kind of mineral of organic origin, and the silica type in the diatom skeleton is similar to opal or moisture silica, mainly originates in Shengzhou, Zhejiang Province city in China.
Diatomite is meant diatomite through ore dressing, impurity such as removal clay, quartz sand, detrital mineral, and making the diatom quality reach more than 92% is smart soil.The diatomite body contains more than 1000 nanometer micropore, also is natural nanometer micropore material, can absorb the material above 3~4 times of own wts.Diatomite has extremely strong adsorption capacity to halogen acetic acid.In addition, as a kind of nanometer micropore material, diatomite also plays the effect of pore-creating in filter medium of the present invention and filter core.Zeolite powder and diatomite in powder all have adsorption effect preferably to N-Nitrosodimethylamine.
Can add gas generation agent in the forming process, gas generation agent is selected at least a in Celogen Az, food-grade carbonic hydroammonium, the oxalic acid.As preferably, gas generation agent is Celogen Az or food-grade carbonic hydroammonium.Wherein, food-grade carbonic hydroammonium also claims AMMONIUM BICARBONATE FOOD GRADE, distinguishes mutually with technical grade carbonic hydroammonium.Though technical grade carbonic hydroammonium also has the effect of sending out the hole, it may contain the impurity of insalubrity, should not be as the raw materials for production of drinking water filter medium.Gas generation agent is that a class is easily decomposed a large amount of gases of generation and caused a material of sending out the hole effect, and wherein azo compound, sodium acid carbonate, carbonic hydroammonium, ammonium carbonate, sulphonyl nitrile compounds, oxalic acid etc. are its typical representatives.
Pressing pressure can be chosen as 0.4~1.0MPa, and sintering temperature is: 200~250 ℃, sintering time is 10~200 minutes, and being cooled to can the demoulding below 70 ℃.
Though the present invention has carried out comparatively detailed description for several raw materials used in the step a) among the above-mentioned preparation method.Still can not determine for the concrete chemical change between them, the variation of structure in preparation process.The filter medium that these several raw materials are prepared through above-mentioned PROCESS FOR TREATMENT can effectively be removed the N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the water, and synergy is arranged, and the N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the water fully can be absorbed.
In the present invention, for blend step, can think that any low shear mixer or agitator that can significantly not change diameter of particle and size distribution all is suitable for, such as the agitator with blunt impeller blade, drum-type blender, spiral agitator etc., rotating speed will be decided on the type of blender, but is advisable with the dust of avoiding kicking up.
Mixed powder is filled in the pre-designed mould, and with its compacting, pressure generally is not more than 2MPa by pressurization, and adapts with the material of mould therefor; Mould can be by aluminium, cast iron, steel or any suitable material manufacturing that can bear relevant pressure and temperature.Can be in the mould inner surface release agent application, that can select silicone oil or any other for use can be adsorbed onto commercially available releasing agent on the filter medium hardly, also can use processing release papers such as aluminium foil.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme: a kind of filter core that uses above-mentioned filter medium.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme: a kind of purifier comprises above-mentioned filter medium or filter core.
The present invention also provides a kind of water dispenser that comprises above-mentioned purifier.
With respect to prior art, the invention has the advantages that the technical scheme that is proposed can remove the N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the water, clearance reaches more than 92%, thereby reaches the purpose of improving water quality, and method is simple, and cost is low, instant effect.
The specific embodiment
For further understanding the present invention, above-mentioned technical scheme is further elaborated and illustrates below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
(1) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 300g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-III type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 3,500,000;
(2) take by weighing medicinal active powdered carbon 50g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 38~250 microns;
(3) take by weighing calcium Y zeolite 100g;
(4) take by weighing zeolite powder 150 grams, the particle diameter of described zeolite powder is 44~74 microns, the acidified activation processing of this using natural clinoptilolite powder, concrete processing acidification technology is: use HCl and NaCl mixed solution to soak 7h, wherein NaCl concentration is 0.8mol/L, and HCl concentration is 0.05mol/L, utilizes the NaOH solution neutralization of 0.1mol/L then, clean up with deionized water, then 100 ℃ of oven dry down;
(5) take by weighing diatomite 100g;
(6) take by weighing food-grade carbonic hydroammonium 60g, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
(7) above-mentioned six kinds of powder are put into the mechanical agitator stirring mixed in 10 minutes;
(8) being packed into diameter is in the 50mm tubular die, suppresses under the hydraulic pressure of 0.7MPa, 225 ℃ of sintering temperatures 180 minutes.
(9) naturally cool to 50 ℃ of demouldings then, promptly get the tubulose filter core of many minute apertures.
Embodiment 2
(1) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 200g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-III type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 3,500,000;
(2) take by weighing medicinal active carbon dust 100g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 38~250 microns;
(3) take by weighing calcium Y zeolite 200g;
(4) take by weighing zeolite powder 100 grams, the particle diameter of described zeolite powder is 44~74 microns, the acidified activation processing of this using natural clinoptilolite powder, concrete processing acidification technology is: use HCl and NaCl mixed solution to soak 7h, wherein NaCl concentration is 0.8mol/L, and HCl concentration is 0.05mol/L, utilizes the NaOH solution neutralization of 0.1mol/L then, clean up with deionized water, then 100 ℃ of oven dry down;
(5) take by weighing diatomite 150g;
(6) take by weighing food-grade carbonic hydroammonium 50g, purity reaches more than 99.99%;
All the other steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
(1) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 100g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-II type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 2,500,000;
(2) take by weighing medicinal active carbon dust 60g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 89~178 microns;
(3) take by weighing calcium Y zeolite 160g;
(4) take by weighing zeolite powder 120 grams, the particle diameter of described zeolite powder is 44~74 microns, the acidified activation processing of this using natural clinoptilolite powder, concrete processing acidification technology is: use HCl and NaCl mixed solution to soak 7h, wherein NaCl concentration is 0.8mol/L, and HCl concentration is 0.05mol/L, utilizes the NaOH solution neutralization of 0.1mol/L then, clean up with deionized water, then 100 ℃ of oven dry down;
(5) take by weighing diatomite 110g;
(6) take by weighing oxalic acid 85 grams, it is pure that its purity reaches analysis;
All the other steps are identical with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
(1) take by weighing ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene powder 180g, described ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene is the M-I type product of Second Factory of Auxiliary Agent of Orient Petrochemical Industry Co., Ltd., Be, and its molecular weight is 1,500,000;
(2) take by weighing medicinal active carbon dust 80g, the particle diameter of described medical activated carbon is 38~250 microns;
(3) take by weighing calcium Y zeolite 170g;
(4) take by weighing zeolite powder 130 grams, the particle diameter of described zeolite powder is 44~74 microns, the acidified activation processing of this using natural clinoptilolite powder, concrete processing acidification technology is: use HCl and NaCl mixed solution to soak 7h, wherein NaCl concentration is 0.8mol/L, and HCl concentration is 0.05mol/L, utilizes the NaOH solution neutralization of 0.1mol/L then, clean up with deionized water, then 100 ℃ of oven dry down;
(5) take by weighing diatomite 120g;
(6) take by weighing oxalic acid 85 grams, it is pure that its purity reaches analysis;
Embodiment 5
Get the tubulose filter core 1,2,3 of the many minute apertures of embodiment 1~4 gained, 4, the liner two-layer nonwoven, the outsourcing two-layer nonwoven wraps polypropylene porous net at skin again, bonding the going up in filter core two ends connects end cap, be positioned in stainless steel or the plastic casing, be used for Drinking Water, after testing, this filter core is good, as shown in table 1 to the removal effect of the N-Nitrosodimethylamine in the drinking water.The needs that are fit to very much the home terminal drinking water treatment.
Table 1 uses filter core to handle the water unit of front and back: mg/L
As can be seen from Table 1, the N-Nitrosodimethylamine that utilizes filter core of the present invention to remove in the water has been obtained good effect.
More than filter medium provided by the present invention and preparation method thereof and the filter core made by this filter medium are described in detail.Used specific embodiment in this specification principle of the present invention and embodiment have been set forth, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to the thought of the present invention part that may in implementation process, can change in specific embodiments and applications.Therefore, the content of this specification record should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.