CN101594113A - The frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that can adapt to changing torque - Google Patents

The frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that can adapt to changing torque Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101594113A
CN101594113A CNA2009101336521A CN200910133652A CN101594113A CN 101594113 A CN101594113 A CN 101594113A CN A2009101336521 A CNA2009101336521 A CN A2009101336521A CN 200910133652 A CN200910133652 A CN 200910133652A CN 101594113 A CN101594113 A CN 101594113A
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generator
control
switch
module
signal
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CN101594113B (en
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毕大川
陈泽森
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BEIJING INSTITUTE FOR FRONTIER SCIENCE
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BEIJING INSTITUTE FOR FRONTIER SCIENCE
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that adapts to changing torque, this control system comprises the control cabinet that is used for the sense switch array status, detects generator electrical quantity and control stator winding break-make, and the industrial computer that is used to control described control cabinet operation.This invention can be controlled the requirement that it realizes multistage load by control system by each stator winding of generator is linked to each other with independent switch.Simultaneously, adopt ADRC in the control system of the present invention, the unlatching that can accurately control each switch is with closed, and then connect the number of winding in the control stator, thereby controlled the rotating speed of rotor, realization makes the output voltage frequency of generator maintain a stable numerical value to the adjustment of generator output voltage frequency.

Description

The frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that can adapt to changing torque
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of control system of wind-driven generator, particularly relate to a kind of control system that can the regulated output voltage frequency.
Background technology
In recent years, under the main trend of energy savings and protection environment, the wind power generation cause has obtained developing rapidly.As everyone knows, the core component of wind power generation, that is, wind-driven generator is to drive the blade rotation by wind energy, and then drives the rotor rotation, makes coil cutting magnetic line produce electric current.When the winding coil number of turn and magnetic field intensity all fixedly the time, the electric voltage frequency of wind-driven generator is directly proportional with the slewing rate of rotor.Therefore, as long as invariablenes turning speed, the electric voltage frequency of wind-driven generator just can remain unchanged.Yet recurrent situation is that along with wind energy changes, its motive force to blade also will constantly change, and then influence the slewing rate of rotor, cause the electric voltage frequency of generator to change.Therefore, how obtaining stable electric voltage frequency is the present technical issues that need to address.
At present, the method for stable generator output voltage frequency commonly used is that the alternating current of frequency change that generator is sent at first becomes direct current by rectifier rectification, and then direct current is transformed to the alternating current of constant frequency by inverter.Though this method can make the electric voltage frequency of generator stable,, its device structure complexity, cost an arm and a leg, in the generating set cost, occupy significant proportion.
Summary of the invention
For overcoming the defective that exists in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that adapts to changing torque, this system can control the unlatching of winding switch with closed according to the actual change of wind-force, thereby can control the connection quantity of stator winding, make generator in the process that mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, directly obtain stable electric voltage frequency thus.
The objective of the invention is by adopting following technical scheme to be achieved:
A kind of frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that adapts to changing torque, this control system comprises the control cabinet that is used for the sense switch array status, detects generator electrical quantity and control stator winding break-make, and the industrial computer that is used to control described control cabinet operation.Industrial computer comprises the control module of the running status that is used to monitor generator, control cabinet and switch arrays module, the electrical signal collection module that is used to gather the control signal acquisition module of switch state signal and output switch control signal and is used to gather the generator signal of telecommunication.Control cabinet comprises the switch arrays module that is used to control winding connection number, the generator electrical signal detection module that is used to detect the generator electrical quantity.
In this control system, the electrical quantity to be detected of generator is input to described generator electrical signal detection module through the switch arrays module, the signal output part of generator electrical signal detection module all links to each other with the signal input part of electrical signal collection module in the industrial computer, the output of electrical signal collection module links to each other with the signal input part of control module, controller in the control module is handled input signal, and switch controlling signal transferred to the switch arrays module by the control signal acquisition module, the unlatching that is used for control switch is with closed.
The present invention can control the requirement that generator is realized multistage load by control system by each stator winding of generator is linked to each other with independent switch.In addition, adopt ADRC in the control system of the present invention, the unlatching that can accurately control each switch thus is with closed, and then connect the number of winding in the control stator, can control the rotating speed of rotor like this, realization is to the adjustment of generator output voltage frequency, and makes the output voltage frequency of generator maintain a stable numerical value.Simultaneously, owing to utilized generator of the present invention can directly obtain stable electric voltage frequency in the process that mechanical energy is changed into electric energy, the design of no frequency converter greatly reduces the installation cost of wind power generation.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of array type frequency-stabilizing permanent magnet wind-driven generator;
Fig. 2 is stator when array type frequency-stabilizing permanent magnet wind-driven generator removes end cap shown in Fig. 1 and the structural representation of rotor;
Fig. 3 is the stator and the rotor array structure schematic diagram of array type frequency-stabilizing permanent magnet wind-driven generator shown in Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the one group of stator of array structure shown in Fig. 3 and the structural representation of rotor;
Fig. 5 is the frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator schematic diagram of adapted to changing torque according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 utilizes switch stator winding to be opened or the closed electrical block diagram of controlling; And
Fig. 7 is the control flow chart of the frequency stabilization control system of generator.
Reference numeral:
1 motor shaft; 2 stators; 3 rotors; 21 windings; 31 permanent magnets; 4 motor casings;
5 fixed parts; 6 industrial computers; 7 control cabinets; 8 wind-driven generators; 9 switches;
61 control modules; 62 electrical signal collection modules; 63 control signal acquisition modules;
71 wind-driven generator electric voltage frequency detection modules; 72 switch arrays modules;
73 switch detection modules.
Embodiment
To be elaborated to above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage and preferred implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings below.
Fig. 1 shows the overall structure schematic diagram of array type frequency-stabilizing permanent magnet wind-driven generator.Fig. 2 shows stator when wind-driven generator removes end cap shown in Fig. 1 and the structural representation of rotor.From above two figure as seen, this array type frequency-stabilizing permanent magnet wind-driven generator comprises stator 2 and is installed in two end caps 4 at its two ends respectively, this stator 2 and two end caps 4 surround a cavity, the motor shaft 1 that stator 2 coaxially is set on it in this cavity to outside outstanding.On this motor shaft 1, rotor 3 is installed also, and this rotor 3 is socketed in the stator 2.
In the present embodiment, the periphery of stator 2 is provided with a plurality of fixed parts 5 that are used to be fixed on the pylon.And, offering a plurality of through holes on the motor casing 4, the heat that produces when this through hole is used for generator worked in time sheds, and helps the operate as normal of generator.
Fig. 3 shows the stator 2 of array voltage-stabilizing permanent magnet wind-driven generator and the array structure of rotor 3, because stator 2 of the present invention and rotor 3 adopt array architecture, size according to wind-force, can carry out coarse adjustment to the working method of stator 2 and rotor 3 arrays, promptly, can make according to actual needs and have only 2 work of some groups of stators, many group stators 2 are worked simultaneously.Like this, can guarantee that generator 8 can have the little rotating speed of difference under different wind conditions, and then can be created in identical electric voltage frequency in the error allowed band, for follow-up being incorporated into the power networks creates favorable conditions.
As seen from the figure, stator 2, rotor 3 and motor shaft 1 have identical axle center, and rotor 2 is fixed on the motor shaft 1 and is socketed in the stator 2, and it can be driven and rotation in stator 2 by motor shaft 1.In the present embodiment, the quantity of stator 2 and rotor 3 is 4, but also can be embodied as other quantity.
Fig. 4 shows the structure of one group of stator 2 and rotor 3.Particularly, on the excircle of rotor 3, be provided with a plurality of permanent magnets 31 equably, and on the inner periphery of stator 2, be provided with a plurality of windings 21 equably according to predetermined space according to predetermined space.This permanent magnet 31 and winding 21 are all along the radially setting of rotor 3 and stator 2, and center line all passes through the axle center of motor shaft 1.The number of winding 21 of the present invention is 3 multiple, with all windings 21 according to 1,2,3...... serial number, sequence number is removed between all equal windings 21 of back remainder by 3 and is all connected into one group with parallel way, between all groups and group, is connected, and on each winding 21, is provided with and realizes opening switch with closure by outside electric control system controls with series system.
In the present embodiment, permanent magnet 31 is " U " molded breadth temperature Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, and winding 21 is for being wrapped in the coil windings of " U " type yoke.The lead canoe of all windings 21 and coil number homogeneous phase etc., and, originally be in the execution mode, all windings 21 are independently coil, form but also can be embodied as by a plurality of sub-windings in series.
In the present invention, the number of winding 21 is 36 on the stator 2, and the number of permanent magnet 31 is 24 on the rotor 3.When wind energy drives the blade motion and then drive motor shaft 2 rotations, rotor 3 also will rotate in stator 2 with motor shaft 2.Since winding 21 on the stator 2, permanent magnet 31 all is equally distributed on rotor 3, therefore, in the rotary course of rotor 3, has 12 pairs of windings 21 and permanent magnet 31 to meet simultaneously, that is, the degree of coupling of stator 2 and rotor 3 is 12.Be numbered s1 if work as time stator winding 21 of coupling moment correspondence, s4 ..., s34, the stator winding 21 of the moment correspondence that next time is coupled is numbered s2, s5, ..., s35, the stator winding 21 of the moment correspondence that is coupled again is numbered s3, s6 ..., s36, like this, after three couplings took place, all stator winding 21 all met with permanent magnet 31, finished a cyclic process.When rotor 3 continued rotation, the numbering of the stator winding 21 of coupling moment correspondence returned to s1 again, s4 ..., s34 has begun next cyclic process thus.
In the present embodiment, when rotor permanent magnet 31 meets with stator winding 21, because the coil cutting magnetic line of winding 21, therefore can it be the sine-wave current of T in the generation cycle, and the time interval of twice coupling was T/3 before and after rotor 3 took place with stator 2, like this, was numbered s1, s4, ..., the winding of s34 produces the phase place of electric current and is numbered s2, s5, ..., the phase place that the winding of s35 produces electric current just differs 120 degree.Therefore, can be being numbered s1, s4, ..., winding 21 parallel connections of s34 are as first phase in the three-phase electricity, being numbered s2, s5, ..., winding 21 parallel connections of s35 are as second phase in the three-phase electricity, being numbered s3, s6, ..., winding 21 parallel connections of s36 have just produced three-phase electricity thus as the third phase in the three-phase electricity.Permanent magnet of the present invention 31 is not limited to the combination of quantity for (24,36) with stator winding 21, is other combinations of 2/3 so long as satisfy the quantity ratio of permanent magnet 31 and stator winding 21, all can implement in the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator schematic diagram according to the adapted to changing torque of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.This frequency stabilization control system comprises the control cabinet 7 that is used for the sense switch array status, detects generator electrical quantity and control stator winding break-make, and the industrial computer 6 that is used to control the control cabinet operation.This industrial computer 6 comprise the running status that is used to monitor generator 8, control cabinet 7 and switch arrays module 72 control module 61, be used to the electrical signal collection module 63 of gathering the control signal capture card module 62 of switch state signal and output switch control signal and being used to gather the signal of telecommunication of generator 8.Control cabinet 7 comprises and is used to control the generator electrical signal detection module that winding 21 is connected the switch arrays module 72 of numbers, is used to detect the electrical quantity of generator 8.
In the present embodiment, the switch on the switch arrays module 72 is the bidirectional switch thyristor.The electrical quantity to be detected of generator is the electric voltage frequency of generator.Generator electrical signal detection module comprises the generator voltage frequency detection module 71 that is used to detect the generator voltage frequency.
The voltage-frequency signal of generator 8 is input to generator voltage frequency detection module 71 through switch arrays module 72, the signal output part of generator voltage frequency detection module 71 all links to each other with the signal input part of the electrical signal collection module 62 of industrial computer 6, and the output of electrical signal collection module card 62 links to each other with the signal input part of control module 61.Like this, by electrical signal collection module 62, the voltage-frequency signal of generator 8 is transferred to control module 61.Adopt ADRC that input signal is handled in the inside of control module 61, obtain switch controlling signal, and this switch controlling signal is transferred to switch arrays module 72, the unlatching that is used for control switch is with closed.Wherein, the ADRC technology please referring to the applicant once applied for be entitled as " magnetic suspension Seismic controller and its controlling method " and publication number is the patent application of CN101077694A, the content in this patent application can be used as replenishing of teachings herein.
Except that above-mentioned description, control cabinet 7 also further comprises the state of switch detection module 73 that is used for sense switch, the signal input part of this switch detection module 73 links to each other with the on off state output of switch arrays module 72, and its signal output part is delivered to control module 61 in the industrial computer 6 by control signal acquisition module 63 with switch state signal.
In addition, be provided with AC voltage transformer on the generator voltage frequency detection module 71 in control cabinet 7, after this AC voltage transformer at first descended generator voltage in proportion, this electric voltage frequency detection module 71 detected and samples.
When generator 8 work, if wind-force changes, then its motive force to the generator blade also will constantly change.For the output voltage frequency that guarantees generator 8 is constant, just require rotor to keep constant rotating speed constantly.This just requires the moment of resistance of generator constantly to adjust with the variation of wind-force: when wind-force became big, the moment of resistance phase strain of generator was big; Otherwise the moment of resistance of generator diminishes and reduces with wind-force.
When wind-force became big, wind-force strengthened the motive force of blade, and the rotating speed of rotor 3 improves, and the output voltage frequency of generator 8 increases.At this moment, the voltage signal of generator 8 transfers to switch arrays module 72 through switch detection module 73, import generator voltage frequency detection module 71 again into, transfer to electrical signal collection module 62 through 71 samplings of this generator voltage frequency detection module and with sampled signal, through this electrical signal collection module 62 with the generator voltage frequency transmission of sampling inside to control module 61.In the present embodiment, adopted ADRC that the voltage-frequency signal of the generator 8 of input is handled in the control module 61.When the electric voltage frequency on finding generator 8 is higher than rated value, send the order that increases the generator moment of resistance, promptly, by control signal acquisition module 63 to switch arrays module 72 transmission signals, increase the quantity of Closing Switch, and then increase the quantity of the stator winding of opening 21, the moment of resistance of generator is increased, the rotating speed of rotor 3 reduces, and makes the output voltage frequency of generator 8 reduce thus.
When the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 equates in the scope that error allows with rated value, control module 61 is no longer sent the order that increases or reduce the generator moment of resistance, thereby make the quantity of the winding of opening 21 constant, and then make the generator rotating torque and the moment of resistance keep balance, therefore guaranteed that rotor 3 has constant rotating speed, and then produced constant electric voltage frequency.
Fig. 6 shows and utilizes 8 pairs of stator winding 21 of switch to open or the closed modular structure schematic diagram of controlling.In the present embodiment, the switch 8 of stator winding 21 is the bidirectional switch thyristor, and the quantity of this bidirectional switch thyristor equates with the quantity of stator winding 21.Each bidirectional switch thyristor links to each other with a winding 21, is used to control the open and close of this winding 21.The anode of bidirectional switch thyristor is connected with winding 21, and its negative electrode forms a closed-loop path thus through load resistance ground connection.Control module 61 transfers to the signal input part of control signal acquisition module 63 through the control command of ADRC output, and control command is transferred to the bidirectional switch thyristor through this control signal acquisition module 63, and then the unlatching of controlling this bidirectional switch thyristor is with closed, thereby realized the cut-out of stator winding 21 of generator 8 and open-minded, adjusted the rotational resistance torque of the rotor 3 of generator 8, and then adjusted the velocity of rotation of rotor 3, also promptly adjusted the frequency of generator 8 output voltages.
Fig. 7 is the control flow chart of the frequency stabilization control system of generator.It comprises the steps:
The first step: the power supply of connecting industrial computer 6 and control cabinet 7;
Second step: the on off state on the switch detection module 73 sense switch array modules 72 in the control cabinet 7, and transfer to detection signal in the control module 61 of industrial computer 6 by control signal acquisition module 63;
The 3rd step: the wind-driven generator electric voltage frequency detection module 71 in the control cabinet 7 detects the electric voltage frequency of generator 8, and transfers to the sampled value of generator voltage frequency in the control module 61 of industrial computer 6 by electrical signal collection module 62;
The 4th step: the electric voltage frequency sampled value of control module 61 wind-driven generator that 62 transmission come according to the electrical signal collection module and the rated value of electric voltage frequency, by the controller in it electric voltage frequency of generator 8 is controlled, made it to keep consistent in the scope that error allows with rated value.
When carrying out frequency stabilization control, at first open the power supply of industrial computer 6 and control cabinet 7, then, the state of switch 9 on the switch detection module 73 sense switch array modules 72 of control cabinet 7, and detection signal transferred in the control module 61 of industrial computer 6 by control signal acquisition module 63.
Meanwhile, in control cabinet 7, wind-driven generator electric voltage frequency detection module 71 detects the electric voltage frequency value and the sampling of generator 8.This sampled value transfers in the control module 61 by electrical signal collection module 62.Controller in the control module 61 sends control command according to the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 and the comparison value of rated value, thereby has realized the stable of generator voltage frequency.
In the present embodiment, the controller in the control module 61 is ADRC, and its controlled step comprises:
Arrange the transient process step: the rated value of electric voltage frequency as set point, is generated the transient process intermediate variable of ADRC;
Expansion state observation procedure: the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 as controlled output valve, as controlled quentity controlled variable, is generated the system estimation intermediate variable of ADRC with the conducting number of switch 9;
Controlled quentity controlled variable generates step: finally generate the working control amount according to transient process intermediate variable and system estimation intermediate variable.
When carrying out frequency stabilization control, the rated value of electric voltage frequency is imported the arrangement transient process device of ADRC as set point, generate the transient process intermediate variable, with the conducting number of the electric voltage frequency of the wind-driven generator 8 that receives and switch detection module inspection 73 switches that measure 9 respectively as controlled output valve and the controlled quentity controlled variable of ADRC, with they input extended state observers, generation system is estimated intermediate variable then.At last transient process intermediate variable and this system estimation intermediate variable are imported the new controlled quentity controlled variable that the controlled quentity controlled variable maker generates generator jointly, that is, and the conducting number of the switch 9 in the switch arrays module 72.Concrete control command is: when the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 was lower than rated value, the bidirectional switch thyristor of control module 61 on switch arrays module 72 sent start signal, makes its unlatching, thereby turn-offed stator winding 21; If when the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 was higher than rated value, the bidirectional switch thyristor of control module 61 on switch arrays module 72 sent closure signal, and thyristor is closed, connect stator winding 21.
Through said process, ADRC has finished once-through operation.If the gap of the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 and rated value is greater than the scope of error permission at this moment, ADRC will carry out loop control next time, until the gap of the electric voltage frequency of generator 8 and rated value in the scope that error allows, at this moment, the connection number of stator winding 21 is stable, and the electric voltage frequency of generator is stable.
More than disclosed only be the preferred embodiments of the present invention, can not limit the scope of the present invention with this certainly.Be appreciated that the equivalent variations of doing according to the present invention's essence defined in the appended claims and scope, still belong to the scope that the present invention is contained.

Claims (7)

1. frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator that can adapt to changing torque, this system comprises and is used for the sense switch array status, detect the control cabinet of generator electrical quantity and control stator winding break-make and the industrial computer that is used to control described control cabinet operation, it is characterized in that, described industrial computer comprises and is used to monitor generator, the control module of the running status of control cabinet and switch arrays module, be used to gather the control signal acquisition module of switch state signal and output switch control signal and the electrical signal collection module that is used to gather the generator signal of telecommunication, described control cabinet comprises the switch arrays module that is used to control winding connection number, be used to detect the generator electrical signal detection module of generator electrical quantity, wherein
The electrical quantity to be detected of described generator is input to described generator electrical signal detection module through described switch arrays module,
The signal output part of described generator electrical signal detection module all links to each other with the signal input part of electrical signal collection module in the described industrial computer,
The output of described electrical signal collection module links to each other with the signal input part of described control module, controller in the described control module is handled input signal, and switch controlling signal transferred to described switch arrays module by described control signal acquisition module, be used to control the unlatching of described switch with closed.
2. frequency stabilization control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described control cabinet further comprises the state of switch detection module that is used for sense switch, the signal input part of this switch detection module links to each other with the on off state output of described switch arrays module, and its signal output part is delivered to switch state signal by the control signal acquisition module control module of described industrial computer.
3. frequency stabilization control system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the electrical quantity to be detected of described generator is the generator voltage frequency, and described generator electrical signal detection module comprises the generator voltage frequency detection module that is used to detect the generator voltage frequency.
4. frequency stabilization control system as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, is provided with on the generator voltage frequency detection module in described control cabinet to be used to make voltage scale to descend so that the alternating voltage frequency instrument transformer of measuring.
5. frequency stabilization control system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the switch number on the described switch arrays module equates with the number of generator unit stator winding, and all corresponding with one the generator unit stator winding of described each switch links to each other.
6. frequency stabilization control system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described switch is the bidirectional switch thyristor.
7. frequency stabilization control system as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the controller in the described control module is ADRC.
CN2009101336521A 2009-04-13 2009-04-13 Frequency stabilization control system of permanent magnet wind-driven generator capable of adapting to changing torque Expired - Fee Related CN101594113B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101895182A (en) * 2010-06-13 2010-11-24 张国光 Cordwood wind driven generator
CN104578656A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-04-29 西南科技大学 Small off-network type winding changing permanent magnet breeze generator
CN104835429A (en) * 2015-05-15 2015-08-12 陈佰满 Multifunctional wind drive information exhibiting device

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2176329C1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2001-11-27 Дашков Александр Николаевич Energy conversion technique
CN2636486Y (en) * 2003-06-25 2004-08-25 原泽 Electric generator suitable for large scale changing of rotating speed
WO2005114830A1 (en) * 2004-05-21 2005-12-01 Abb Research Ltd Frequency converter device for a wind energy park and method of operation of such a device
EP1679787A1 (en) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Current generator and method for generation of current of predetermined line frequency
CN201388182Y (en) * 2009-04-13 2010-01-20 北京前沿科学研究所 Permanent magnetic wind generator constant frequency control system adaptable to changing moment

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101895182A (en) * 2010-06-13 2010-11-24 张国光 Cordwood wind driven generator
CN104578656A (en) * 2015-01-22 2015-04-29 西南科技大学 Small off-network type winding changing permanent magnet breeze generator
CN104835429A (en) * 2015-05-15 2015-08-12 陈佰满 Multifunctional wind drive information exhibiting device

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