CN101593867B - Optimization method for miniaturization of pole antenna and miniature arched antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an optimization method for miniaturization of a pole antenna and a miniature arched antenna. The arched antenna is an antenna which has a flake structure and is conformal with a surface structure of a mounted object, and is formed by cutting to remove a bending groove and a central beam (4) on a metal panel with the thickness of d', the length of A and the height of B by wire cutting technology; the height of the bending groove is d, and the length of the central seam is d'; and a longitudinal central line of the metal panel is provided with a feed point (3) which is positioned on a central position of the central seam (4). The central seam (4) divides the arched antenna into an antenna left arm (1) and an antenna right arm (2) which have the same structure and are symmetrically arranged to the longitudinal central line. On the premise of maintaining the electrical property of a common pole antenna, the arched antenna has controllable size and obvious reduction of the size, and greatly improves the miniaturization degree of the pole antenna.

Description

The miniaturization optimization method of utmost point sub antenna and miniaturization arched antenna

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of utmost point sub antenna that is used for radio subsystem, more particularly say, be meant a kind of miniaturization arched antenna conformal that have with installed surface.

Background technology

Along with the communication technology, the development of space technology and ultra broadband electronics technology, various electronic equipments all develop to miniaturization and microminiaturized direction, and antenna also must develop to miniaturization as the requisite parts of radio subsystem.The scope of application of antenna is very big, application target, and occasion is different, and is also different to the requirement of miniaturization.General requirement is: (1) reduces the space that antenna occupies; (2) in light weight; (3) simple in structure or on carrier low profile, conformal etc. with carrier.

Utmost point sub antenna is simple in structure, and stable performance is the antenna that the most often uses in the aircraft.Common utmost point sub antenna is as resonant antenna, and its electric current is standing wave and distributes, and input resistance and input reactance all are the sensitivity functions of its electrical length.Utmost point sub antenna is λ/4 o'clock resonance in centre wavelength.When operating frequency during much larger than the superfrequency radio wave (UHF wave band) of 300～3000MHz, length overall is less relatively.Yet for the monopole or the dipole antenna of some UHF wave bands or microwave frequency, size possibly need to shorten 50% in the time of practical application, even more.

People adopt such as fractal technology, folding line technology or loading technique and wait the improvement with performance that reduces that realizes antenna height.Fractal antenna superior performance, but structure relative complex, the theory analysis difficulty.And loading technique has increased additional circuit, and with extra energy loss, can cause antenna efficiency to reduce.Advantage with fill area attribute between the existing fractal antenna of miniature antenna of folding line structure does not have extra adjunct circuit simultaneously, and profile is economical simply again.Therefore adopt the simple relatively and ripe relatively first-selected often antenna miniaturization form of folding line antenna of analytical method of contour structures.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of miniaturization arched antenna conformal with installed surface that have, this arched antenna adopts the bending mode to carry out the antenna structure configuration, adopts the structure of space self similarity, has increased the antenna space fill area attribute.Simultaneously, inner at antenna, each section of antenna produces self-induction respectively, and these self-inductions are coupled mutually, in the inner generation of antenna mutual inductance.The generation of inner self-induction of antenna and mutual inductance has greatly increased the external electric induction intensity of antenna.Make the interior effective length of antenna unit length increase, be under the identical situation of antenna resonant frequency that arched antenna resonance wavelength increases, the dimension reduction of antenna.

The miniaturization optimization method of a kind of utmost point sub antenna of the present invention and miniaturization arched antenna; This arched antenna be a kind of can with the conformal antenna with flake structure of object surface structure is installed; Be to be employed in a thickness to be d ', long to be A and high on the metal plate of B; Form after application line cutting technology cutting removal bending groove, the center seam, the height of bending groove is designated as d, and the length of center seam is designated as d "; The longitudinal centre line of metal plate is provided with distributing point, and distributing point is positioned at the center of center seam; Center seam is separated into antenna left arm and antenna right arm with arched antenna, and the antenna left arm is identical with the structure of antenna right arm, and is symmetrical set with longitudinal centre line.

The antenna left arm is sequentially with A bending groove, B bending groove, C bending groove, D bending groove, E bending groove, F from top to bottom and bends groove.

The antenna right arm is sequentially with G bending groove, H bending groove, I bending groove, J bending groove, K bending groove, L from top to bottom and bends groove.

The miniaturization arched antenna advantage of the present invention's design is:

(1) be employed on the metallic plate and cut configuration, make that the arched antenna contour structures is simple, it is convenient to realize, is convenient to antenna is carried out various further optimization analyses.

(2) arched antenna has the characteristic of low profile, can reduce the influence of air force to structure, if any special requirement, arched antenna also be easy to and the structure installed conformal.

(3) be the antenna left arm and the antenna right arm of center symmetric design with the distributing point, have the characteristic of omnidirectional radiation.

(4) keeping under the constant prerequisite of common utmost point sub antenna electrical property, the arched antenna controllable size, and reduction is extremely obvious, has improved the degree of utmost point sub antenna miniaturization greatly.

(5) choosing of arched antenna material is then in extensive range, and processing technology is simple, and the material benefit of finished product price economy is applied widely.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure chart of miniaturization arched antenna of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the size marking sketch map of miniaturization arched antenna of the present invention.

Embodiment

To combine accompanying drawing that the present invention is done further detailed description below.

Referring to shown in Figure 1; A kind of miniaturization arched antenna of the present invention; This arched antenna be a kind of can with the conformal antenna with flake structure of object surface structure is installed, be that to be employed in a thickness be d ' (unit: mm), longly be A (unit: mm) be B (unit: on metal plate mm), use that bending groove 5 is removed in the line cutting technology cutting, center seam 4 backs form with high; The height of bending groove 5 is designated as d, and the length of center seam 4 is designated as d ".The longitudinal centre line of metal plate is provided with distributing point 3, and distributing point 3 is positioned at the center of center seam 4.Center seam 4 is separated into antenna left arm 1 and antenna right arm 2 with arched antenna, and antenna left arm 1 is identical with the structure of antenna right arm 2, and is symmetrical set with longitudinal centre line.

In the present invention, A=λ/4, the wavelength when λ representes antenna resonance, B >=15mm, d=3～9mm, d '=1～9mm, d "=0.5～3mm.Bending groove number is set on metal plate is designated as n, then n >=2.The height d of said bending groove keeps equating.

When bending groove number n=6, the concrete structure of design is as shown in Figure 2, and among the figure, antenna left arm 1 is sequentially with A bending groove 51, B bending groove 52, C bending groove 53, D bending groove 54, E bending groove 55, F from top to bottom and bends groove 56.

Antenna right arm 2 is sequentially with G bending groove 61, H bending groove 62, I bending groove 63, J bending groove 64, K bending groove 65, L from top to bottom and bends groove 66.

The outer wall 52a of B bending groove 52 and H bend the A that is spaced apart between the outer wall 62a of groove 62 ₁, and A ₁=1/10A～1/4A.

The outer wall 54a of D bending groove 54 and J bend the A that is spaced apart between the outer wall 64a of groove 64 ₂, and A ₂=2A ₁

The outer wall 56a of F bending groove 56 and L bend the A that is spaced apart between the outer wall 66a of groove 66 ₃, and A ₃=4A ₁

The miniaturization optimization method of a kind of utmost point sub antenna of the present invention, this optimization method has adopted inductance circuit model $L=\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{\π}}h[\mathrm{Ln}\left(4\frac{h}{c}\right)-1]$ Optimize the configuration of utmost point sub antenna, through increasing antenna self mutual inductance, thereby reach the purpose of utmost point sub antenna miniaturization, fit, be applicable to low-frequency bands such as UHF or microwave with external surface of objects such as convenient and aircrafts.

In the present invention, inductance circuit model is:

$L=\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{\π}}h[\ln \left(4\frac{h}{c}\right)-1]---\left(1\right)$

In the formula, L is the equivalent self-induction of monopole antenna, and c is the linear diameter of monopole antenna, and the mm of unit, μ are the magnetic permeability of antenna, and h is the height of monopole antenna, the mm of unit.

When monopole height h=1/4 λ, the wavelength when λ is antenna resonance.When being monopole resonance, formula (1) can be expressed as:

$L=\frac{\mathrm{\μ\λ}}{4\mathrm{\π}}[\ln \left(\frac{\mathrm{\λ}}{c}\right)-1]---\left(2\right)$

Can know L direct ratio and λ by (2) formula;

To a height is that the inductance of the arched antenna of h (this highly also is meant the long A of metallic plate for h) is expressed as:

$L_g=\frac{1}{2}(\underset{n=0}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_n+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_{n,n-1})---\left(3\right)$

L _gBe the inductance of the left arm of arched antenna, L _nIt is the inductance of n bending groove.

Expand into (3) formula,

$L_g=\frac{1}{2}(\underset{n=0}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_n+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_{n,n-1})=\frac{1}{2}(L_0+L_1+......+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_{n,n-1})$

$=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{\π}}A\right[\ln \left(4\frac{A}{c}\right)-1]+\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{\π}}(\frac{A}{2}-\frac{A_1}{2})[\ln (\frac{2A}{c}-\frac{{2A}_1}{c})-1]+......\}---\left(4\right)$

L ₀Be the inductance of A bending groove 51, L ₁Be the inductance of B bending groove 52, A is the length of metallic plate, A ₁Bend the interval between the outer wall 62a of groove 62 for the outer wall 52a of B bending groove 52 and H.

Because the antenna left arm and the antenna right arm of arched antenna are symmetrically arranged with longitudinal centre line, so in like manner can get the inductance of the right arm of arched antenna are:

$L_R=\frac{1}{2}(\underset{n=0}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_n^{\′}+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_{n,n-1})=\frac{1}{2}(L_0^{\′}+L_1^{\′}+......+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_{n,n-1})$

$=\frac{1}{2}\left\{\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{\π}}A\right[\ln \left(4\frac{A}{c}\right)-1]+\frac{\mathrm{\μ}}{\mathrm{\π}}(\frac{A}{2}-\frac{A_1}{2})[\ln (\frac{2A}{c}-\frac{{2A}_1}{c})-1]+......\}---\left(5\right)$

L _RBe the inductance of the right arm of arched antenna, L _n' be the inductance of n bending groove, L ₀' be the inductance of G bending groove 61, L ₁' be the inductance of H bending groove 62.

(4) formula and (5) formula addition put in order:

$L_{\mathrm{and}}=L+2(\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_n+\underset{n=1}{\overset{\∞}{\mathrm{\Σ}}}{L}_{n,n-1})---\left(6\right)$

$L_{\mathrm{and}}>L\⇒{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{and}}>\mathrm{\λ}---\left(7\right)$

L _AndBe the sum of the inductance of the inductance of antenna left arm and antenna right arm, L is the equivalent self-induction of monopole antenna, L _nBe the inductance of n bending groove, λ _AndWavelength during for the resonance of arched antenna, the wavelength when λ is monopole antenna resonance.

(7) formula shows, under the monopole antenna situation identical with arc monopole antenna height, arc monopole antenna resonance wavelength is longer.Again since inverse relation when wavelength and frequency can know and work as under the monopole situation identical with arc monopole antenna height, arc monopole antenna can resonance on lower frequency.

In arched antenna, along with the increase of height B, the inductance effect strengthens successively; To the line tail end, the inductance accumulation is many more more, causes loss in efficiency for fear of a large amount of reflections of electric current; Arched antenna is designed to the effect that inductance reduces successively, is embodied in to be each section bending groove on the antenna form and to reduce successively.

A kind of advantage with fill area attribute between the existing fractal antenna of miniature antenna of folding line structure of the present invention does not have extra adjunct circuit simultaneously, and profile is economical simply again.Therefore adopt the simple relatively and ripe relatively first-selected often antenna miniaturization form of folding line antenna of analytical method of contour structures.

Claims (4)

1. the miniaturization arched antenna of a utmost point sub antenna; It is characterized in that: this arched antenna be a kind of can with the conformal antenna with flake structure of object surface structure is installed; Be to be employed in a thickness to be d ', long to be A and high on the metal plate of B; Bending groove, the formation of center seam (4) back are removed in the cutting of application line cutting technology, and the height of bending groove is designated as d, and the length of center seam (4) is designated as d "; The longitudinal centre line of metal plate is provided with distributing point (3), and distributing point (3) is positioned at the center of center seam (4); Center seam (4) is separated into antenna left arm (1) and antenna right arm (2) with arched antenna, and antenna left arm (1) is identical with the structure of antenna right arm (2), and is symmetrical set with longitudinal centre line; Said A=λ/4, the wavelength when λ representes antenna resonance, B >=15mm, d=3～9mm, d '=1～9mm, d "=0.5～3mm;

Antenna left arm (1) is sequentially with A bending groove (51), B bending groove (52), C bending groove (53), D bending groove (54), E bending groove (55), F from top to bottom and bends groove (56);

Antenna right arm (2) is sequentially with G bending groove (61), H bending groove (62), I bending groove (63), J bending groove (64), K bending groove (65), L from top to bottom and bends groove (66);

The outer wall (52a) of B bending groove (52) and H bend the A that is spaced apart between the outer wall (62a) of groove (62) ₁, and A ₁=1/10A～1/4A;

The outer wall (54a) of D bending groove (54) and J bend the A that is spaced apart between the outer wall (64a) of groove (64) ₂, and A ₂=2A ₁

The outer wall (56a) of F bending groove (56) and L bend the A that is spaced apart between the outer wall (66a) of groove (66) ₃, and A ₃=4A ₁

2. utmost point sub antenna miniaturization arched antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: bending groove number n >=2 that on metal plate, are provided with.

3. the miniaturization arched antenna of utmost point sub antenna according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: arched antenna adopts inductive circuit model

to optimize the configuration of utmost point sub antenna; Wherein, L is the equivalent self-induction of monopole antenna, and c is the linear diameter of monopole antenna; The mm of unit; μ is the magnetic permeability of antenna, and h is the height of monopole antenna, the mm of unit.

4. the miniaturization arched antenna of utmost point sub antenna according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the length of arched antenna and the relation of resonance wavelength do

Wherein, L _AndBe the sum of the inductance of the inductance of antenna left arm and antenna right arm, L is the equivalent self-induction of monopole antenna, λ _AndWavelength during for the resonance of arched antenna, the wavelength when λ is monopole antenna resonance.

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