CN101585042B - Aqueous medium physical recovering art for valuable components in waste circuit board and device thereof - Google Patents
Aqueous medium physical recovering art for valuable components in waste circuit board and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101585042B CN101585042B CN200910033825A CN200910033825A CN101585042B CN 101585042 B CN101585042 B CN 101585042B CN 200910033825 A CN200910033825 A CN 200910033825A CN 200910033825 A CN200910033825 A CN 200910033825A CN 101585042 B CN101585042 B CN 101585042B
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 title description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims 3
- -1 nickel metals Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 36
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 15
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000007096 poisonous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005514 two-phase flow Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010494 dissociation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006253 efflorescence Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009854 hydrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005226 mechanical processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000009853 pyrometallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 206010037844 rash Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/82—Recycling of waste of electrical or electronic equipment [WEEE]
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- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
一种废弃电路板中有价成分的水介质物理回收工艺及其设备，其工艺是将除去有毒有害元器件的废弃电路板送入湿法冲击式破碎机破碎、搅拌，然后用渣浆泵将矿浆打入倾斜设置的变径水介质分选床内进行轻、重产物的分离，再对轻、重产物分别进行稳流、压滤后得到金属富集体和非金属富集体。其设备由倾斜设置的变径水介质分选床、入料装置和轻、重产物处理装置构成。本发明以水为介质回收废弃印刷电路板中的有价成分，有效避免了粉尘的扩散以及物料破碎过程中热解产生的气体，同时加速了破碎后产物的排出。采用变径水介质分选床对细粒级物料进行分选，实现了微细粒级物料的高效回收。其结构及工艺简单，环境污染小，分选下限低，分选效果好。
A water-medium physical recovery process and equipment for valuable components in waste circuit boards. The process is to send waste circuit boards from which toxic and harmful components have been removed to a wet impact crusher for crushing and stirring, and then use a slurry pump to The ore pulp is poured into the inclined variable-diameter water medium separation bed to separate the light and heavy products, and then the light and heavy products are subjected to steady flow and pressure filtration respectively to obtain metal-enriched bodies and non-metal-enriched bodies. Its equipment is composed of a variable-diameter water medium separation bed arranged inclinedly, a feeding device and a light and heavy product treatment device. The invention uses water as the medium to recycle valuable components in waste printed circuit boards, effectively avoids the diffusion of dust and the gas produced by pyrolysis during material crushing, and at the same time accelerates the discharge of crushed products. The variable-diameter water medium sorting bed is used to sort fine-grained materials, which realizes the efficient recovery of fine-grained materials. The structure and process are simple, the environmental pollution is small, the lower limit of sorting is low, and the sorting effect is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electron wastes recycling technology, the aqueous medium physical of valuable constituent reclaims technology and equipment thereof in particularly a kind of waste printed circuit board.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the electronic technology high speed development, produced a large amount of electron wastes.Because the electron wastes complicated component causes serious pollution to surrounding environment, brings very big pressure to environmental protection.Printed circuit board (PCB) is the basis of electronics industry, also is industry maximum in the electronic devices and components industry.Not only consumption is big for printed circuit board (PCB), development is fast, and it still is the big difficult point in the electron wastes resource research range.Usually contain 30% plastics, 30% indifferent oxide and 40% metal in the discarded printed circuit boards.Mainly containing hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, mechanical treatment or several kinds of treatment technologies about the waste printed circuit board treatment technology both at home and abroad combines.The patent No. " 98105592 " discloses " a kind of method that is reclaimed valuable material by printed circuit board (PCB) ", this method be with printed circuit board (PCB) successively through shredding, pulverize, bang, efflorescence and isolate metal and nonmetallic substance.Though can realize the recovery of valuable material, whole shattering process is loaded down with trivial details, all materials is crushed to thin especially, need must consume lot of energy through the broken process in four roads.Secondly all are broken material adopts tank to carry out sorting, because thin material hindered falling speed in water is little, so metal sinks for a long time, exists shortcomings such as the efficiency of separation is low.The patent No. " 99102862 " discloses a kind of " process for breaking, separating and recovering of waste printed circuit board and device therefor thereof "; Its technology is with printed circuit board (PCB) coarse crushing, in small, broken bits; Be divided into a lot of ranks through vibratory sieve then; Each rank adopts common airflow separator, realizes that metal separates with nonmetallic.Its shortcoming is that classification is too much, and the common airflow separator efficiency of separation is low, influenced greatly by material shapes; (material 0.074mm) can't be realized effective sorting for fine fraction.Publication number " CN1535760A " discloses " the dry method physics of valuable constituent reclaims technology on the electron wastes integrated circuit board "; This method is through double teeth roller cutter, efficient impact crusher, magnetic separator, classifying screen, eddy current separator, damp type pneumatic separation machine, cylinder electrostatic separator, triboelectric separator with waste printed circuit board; Shear successively, fragmentation, screening, sorting, finally separate that to obtain with aluminium, copper be master's metal concentrate and nonmetallic substance.Though realized comprehensive recovery of valuable constituent on the electron wastes integrated circuit board, whole fragmentation and assorting room are comparatively loaded down with trivial details, need process twice dry milling process and magnetic separation, screening, must consume lot of energy.Shortcomings such as next adopts different screening installations to carry out sorting material crushing and screening to a plurality of grades, exists classification too much, and assorting room is comparatively loaded down with trivial details.And can produce a large amount of pernicious gas and smell in shearing, the impact grinding process, cause severe contamination environment.Publication number " CN1563440A " discloses " physics of metal concentrate reclaims technology in the waste printed circuit board "; Whole flow process all adopts the method for machinery and physical separation; With waste printed circuit board through double teeth roller cutter, efficient impact crusher, magnetic separator, classifying screen, cylinder electrostatic separator, efficient centrifugal separator; Shear successively, fragmentation, screening, sorting, final metal concentrate and the nonmetal enrich body that obtains multiple composition that separate.Though this method can realize comprehensive recovery of valuable constituent on the waste printed circuit board; But also exist fragmentation, classification, assorting room comparatively complicated; Shattering process need consume significant amount of energy; And can produce shortcomings such as a large amount of pernicious gases, contaminated environment, if suitability for industrialized production exists problems such as technology is loaded down with trivial details, the efficiency of separation is not high.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: it is simple to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of technology, no secondary environmental pollution, lower limit of separation is low, good separation effect be the mechanical-physical method and apparatus that medium reclaims valuable constituent in the discarded printed circuit boards with water.
Technical scheme: the aqueous medium physical of valuable constituent reclaims technology in the waste printed circuit board of the present invention:
A. it is the wet method impact crusher of medium that the waste printed circuit board that will remove the poisonous and harmful components and parts is sent into water; Broken with the current in the wet method impact crusher while mixing; Impact the ore pulp that is crushed to below the 2mm grade through the wet method impact crusher, the sieve plate through wet method impact crusher exit flows out;
B. the ore pulp that flows out is sent in the agitator and stirred, ore pulp is squeezed in the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed that is obliquely installed with the slag stock pump then, ore pulp mixes continuous sorting with the current that reducing sorting bed bottom gets into;
D. light product gets into light product buffer barrel by the road from the overfall on reducing sorting bed top and carries out current stabilization; Send in the light product filter press through the light product of slag stock pump after and to carry out press filtration current stabilization; Obtain purifying that to obtain with resin and glass fibre be master's nonmetal enrich body final can further the separation, the press filtration clear water returns agitator through circulation waterway;
Discharge gate gets into heavy product buffer barrel and carries out current stabilization heavy product by the road from reducing sorting bed bottom; Send in the heavy product filter press through the production thing of slag stock pump after and to carry out press filtration current stabilization; Obtain final can further separate to purify obtain the metal concentrate of metals such as copper, zinc, tin, nickel, the press filtration clear water returns agitator through circulation waterway.
The aqueous medium physical reclaimer of valuable constituent in the waste printed circuit board of the present invention comprises the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed that is obliquely installed, feeding device that links to each other with diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed pipeline respectively and light, heavy product processing device; Feeding device is linked to each other with slag stock pump pipeline successively by wet method impact crusher, agitator and constitutes; Light product processing device is linked to each other with light product filter press pipeline successively by light product buffer barrel, slag stock pump and constitutes; Heavy product processing device is linked to each other with heavy product filter press pipeline successively by heavy product buffer barrel, slag stock pump and constitutes; Light product filter press links to each other with the agitator pipeline with the delivery port of heavy product filter press; Diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed is tubular, and internal diameter reduces from top to down gradually.
Described wet method impact crusher is by broken body, and the barrel-shaped sieve plate that is located in the broken body constitutes with the tup that is located in the barrel-shaped sieve plate, and the top of broken body is provided with water inlet, and the side is provided with feeding mouth, and the bottom is provided with material collecting tank; Said diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed comprises the cylindrical shell that internal diameter reduces from top to down gradually, is provided with fluid distributor in the cylindrical shell, and the top of cylindrical shell is provided with feeding mouth, and the below is provided with light product outlet and heavy product outlet, and the bottom is provided with inlet valve.
Beneficial effect: with water is that medium reclaims the valuable constituent in the discarded printed circuit boards; To send into the wet method impact crusher through pretreated waste printed circuit board and carry out fragmentation; Effectively avoided the gas that pyrolysis produces in diffusion and the material shattering process of dust; Can also avoid the disintegrating apparatus local temperature too high, quicken the discharge of broken afterproduct simultaneously, the mistake crushing phenomenon in the control shattering process.Whole flow process all adopts the method for wet crushing and wet split; Surpass breakdown products more than 95% to be distributed in-below the 1mm; And-waste printed circuit board metal degree of dissociation below the 1mm surpasses 90%; Therefore breakdown products can directly get into the sorting link, has avoided screening or the graded operation link in the mechanical processes, and technology is simpler.With waste printed circuit board through wet crushing machine, agitator, diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed, filter press; Carry out fragmentation, stirring, sorting, dehydration successively; Finally obtain further to separate purifying and obtain the metal concentrate of noble metals such as copper, zinc, tin, nickel and be master's nonmetal enrich body, solved the difficult problem of waste printed circuit board resource with resin and glass fibre.The diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed efficiency of separation is higher, sorting operating condition broad, and separation velocity is fast, can realize the effective sorting of wide grade multi-component masses by density.Fluid distributor in the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed helps to produce the steady ascending current that is fit to the bed body structure, improves the uneven distribution of flow velocity in the same cross section.Choose at the solid-liquid two-phase flow branch and can improve waterpower significantly and distribute, improve the efficiency of separation, diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed lower limit of separation almost can arrive zero.The press filtration clear water can be squeezed into agitator again through circulation waterway, has realized that the closed cycle of aqueous medium is used, and helps saving water resource and reduces environmental pollution.Realized the high efficiente callback of micro-size fraction material, it is low to have a lower limit of separation, and environmental pollution is little, and Processes and apparatus is simple, and good separation effect has practicality widely in the present technique field.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an aqueous medium physical removal process block diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an aqueous medium physical reclaimer system diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a wet method impact crusher structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed structure sketch map of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a fluid distributor structural representation of the present invention.
Among the figure: 1-wet method impact crusher, 2-agitator, 3-slag stock pump, 4-diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed, the light product buffer barrel of 5-, 6-slag stock pump, the light product filter press of 7-, the heavy product filter press of 8-, 9-slag stock pump, the heavy product buffer barrel of 10-, 11-circulation waterway.The broken body of 1-1-, 1-2-water inlet, 1-3-tup, 1-4-feeding mouth, the barrel-shaped sieve plate of 1-5-, 1-6-material collecting tank, 4-1-cylindrical shell, 4-2-fluid distributor, 4-3-feeding mouth, the light product outlet of 4-4-, the heavy product outlet of 4-5-.
The specific embodiment
To combine accompanying drawing that one embodiment of the present of invention are done further to describe below:
Shown in Figure 1, aqueous medium physical of the present invention reclaims technology: will pass through pretreated waste printed circuit boards such as removing battery, poisonous and harmful components and parts and feed crusher chamber from the feeding mouth 1-4 of wet method impact crusher 1, current get into crusher chamber through water inlet 1-2; Tup 1-3 high-speed motion impacts material; The ore pulp that is crushed to below the 2mm grade flows out from sieve plate 1-5, gets into agitator 2 by the road and stirs, and the ore pulp after will being stirred by slag stock pump 3 is then squeezed in the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed 4; Water gets into from reducing sorting bed 4 bottoms through water pump; Output is adjustable, and flow of slurry produces the speed change flow field in reducing sorting bed 4, and particle is in the variable motion state all the time in this flow field; According to the difference of storeroom character, realize effective separation the light, heavy material (metal component is with nonmetal); The light material that sorting obtains gets into pan feeding buffer barrel 5, by slag stock pump 6 the light material in the buffer barrel is squeezed into pressing filter 7 then, fully obtains nonmetal enrich body after the press filtration, and the clear water of institute's press filtration gets into through circulation waterway 11 and continues in the agitator 2 to use.The heavy material that sorting obtains gets into pan feeding buffer barrel 10, by slag stock pump 9 heavy material in the buffer barrel is squeezed into pressing filter 8 then, fully obtains metal concentrate after the press filtration, and the clear water of institute's press filtration gets into through circulation waterway 11 and continues in the agitator 2 to use.
Shown in Figure 2; Aqueous medium physical reclaimer of the present invention; Mainly by the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed 4 that is obliquely installed, feeding device and light, heavy product processing device, the feeding device that links to each other with diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed 4 pipelines respectively with light, weigh product processing device; Feeding device is linked to each other with slag stock pump 3 pipeline successively by wet method impact crusher 1, agitator 2 and constitutes; Light product processing device is linked to each other with light product filter press 7 pipeline successively and is constituted by light product buffer barrel 5, slag stock pump 6; Heavy product processing device is linked to each other with heavy product filter press 8 pipeline successively and is constituted by heavy product buffer barrel 10, slag stock pump 9; Light product filter press 7 links to each other with agitator 2 pipelines with the delivery port of heavy product filter press 8.
Shown in Figure 3; Wet method impact crusher 1 is by broken body 1-1, and the barrel-shaped sieve plate 1-5 that is located in the broken body 1-1 constitutes with the tup 1-3 that is located in the barrel-shaped sieve plate 1-5, and the top of broken body 1-1 is provided with water inlet 1-2; The side is provided with feeding mouth 1-4, and the bottom is provided with material collecting tank 1-6.Some tup 1-3 are housed in broken body 1-1, and the link aperture of tup 1-3 is greater than the diameter of axle, and tup 1-3 is whipping state impact waste printed circuit board in shattering process.Waste printed circuit board gets into crusher chamber by feeding mouth 1-4, and tup 1-3 high-speed motion impacts material.Circuit board obtains energy and flies to the disintegrating machine cavity under the high velocity effect of impacting tup 1-3, the material of rapid speed will receive the second-time breakage effect of cavity and break.There is the partial circuit plate to obtain energy and in disintegrating machine cavity 1-1, rises, fall, is impacted tup 1-3 fragmentation once more, the partial material high-speed motion is also arranged, collide each other and then break with disintegrating machine feed collision back.Current get into crusher chamber through water inlet 1-2, and broken afterproduct is impacted into ore pulp and from sieve plate 1-5, flows out.
Shown in Figure 4; Diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed 4 is tubular, and internal diameter reduces from top to down gradually, and it comprises the cylindrical shell 4-1 that internal diameter reduces from top to down gradually; Be provided with fluid distributor 4-2 in the cylindrical shell 4-1; The top of cylindrical shell 4-1 is provided with feeding mouth 4-3, and the below is provided with light product outlet 4-4 and heavy product outlet 4-5, and the bottom is provided with inlet valve.The tilt adjustable of the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed 4 that is obliquely installed is about 20 °.
Shown in Figure 5 is fluid distributor 4-2, and fluid distributor 4-2 is the dividing plate that offers some apertures, is located in the diameter-verifying water medium sorting bed 4 at interval, chooses distribution, the raising efficiency of separation in order to improve waterpower at the solid-liquid two-phase flow branch.
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| CN101898196B (en) * | 2010-07-23 | 2012-05-16 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Method and device for recycling electronic waste with complex components |
| TWI449478B (en) * | 2012-09-13 | 2014-08-11 | Jiin Yeeh Ding Entpr Corp | Method and apparatus for recycling metal from printed circuit board waste |
| CN109604024A (en) * | 2018-10-31 | 2019-04-12 | 株洲鼎端装备股份有限公司 | Used Li ion cell crushing-separating apparatus and method |
| CN114713377B (en) * | 2021-02-10 | 2023-06-02 | 中国矿业大学 | A rotating triboelectric separation device and separation method of flexible cluster rods with airflow coordination |
| CN116832935A (en) * | 2023-07-07 | 2023-10-03 | 九江一晖环保集团有限公司 | Method for recycling waste metal |
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 张洪建 等.湿法破碎在废弃线路板资源化中的应用.《环境工程》.2006,第24卷(第5期),60-63. * |
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