CN101582365A - Apparatus for increasing radiative heat transfer in x-ray tube and method of making the same - Google Patents

Apparatus for increasing radiative heat transfer in x-ray tube and method of making the same Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101582365A
CN101582365A CNA2009101417891A CN200910141789A CN101582365A CN 101582365 A CN101582365 A CN 101582365A CN A2009101417891 A CNA2009101417891 A CN A2009101417891A CN 200910141789 A CN200910141789 A CN 200910141789A CN 101582365 A CN101582365 A CN 101582365A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
target
radiation coating
ray
carbide
coating
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Pending
Application number
CNA2009101417891A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
D·钟
D·M·格雷
M·赫伯特
D·M·利普金
T·拉伯
G·A·施泰恩拉格
T·C·蒂尔尼
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication of CN101582365A publication Critical patent/CN101582365A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/105—Cooling of rotating anodes, e.g. heat emitting layers or structures
    • H01J35/107—Cooling of the bearing assemblies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/081—Target material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/08—Targets (anodes) and X-ray converters
    • H01J2235/086—Target geometry
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/12—Cooling
    • H01J2235/1204—Cooling of the anode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/12—Cooling
    • H01J2235/1225—Cooling characterised by method
    • H01J2235/1229—Cooling characterised by method employing layers with high emissivity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2235/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J2235/12—Cooling
    • H01J2235/1225—Cooling characterised by method
    • H01J2235/1291—Thermal conductivity

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  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an apparatus for increasing radiative heat transfer in an X-ray tube and a method of making the same. A target assembly (56) for generating x-rays (14) includes a target substrate (57), and an emissive coating (67, 81, 85, 92, 94, 97, 98) applied to a portion of the target substrate (57), the emissive coating (67, 81, 85, 92, 94, 97, 98) comprising one or more of a carbide and a carbonitride.

Description

Be used for increasing the device and the manufacture method thereof of the radiant heat transfer of X-ray tube
Technical field
In general, the present invention relates to the x ray tube, more particularly, relate to the target surface and/or the high radiation coating on the target axle (emissive coating) of x ray tube.
Background technology
X-ray system generally includes the bearing assembly of x ray tube, detector and supporting x ray tube and detector.In operation, on it one-tenth entablement of placing objects between x ray tube and detector.The x ray tube usually to object radiation ray, as the x ray.This ray passes into the object on the entablement usually and shines on the detector.When ray passed object, the internal structure of object caused the spatial variations of the ray that receives at detector.Then, detector transmits the data received, and system changes ray and convert image to, and it can be used for the internal structure of evaluation object.Those skilled in the art will appreciate that object can include but not limited to patient and take a picture the inanimate object in the parcel of (CT) package scans instrument of computer chromatographical X-ray for example in the imaging of medical process.
X-ray tube comprises the anode construction that comprises target, and electron beam shines on the target and from target and generates the x ray.X ray tube negative electrode provides focused beam, and it is accelerated passing the K-A vacuum gap, and produces the x ray when colliding with plate target.Because the high temperature that is produced when electron beam bump target, so anode assemblies is usually with high rotating speed rotation, so that distribute the heat that produces in focus.Anode is rotated by induction motor usually, and wherein induction motor has the cylindrical rotor of the outstanding axle that is built in supporting dish type plate target and has around the definitely minor structure of the copper winding of the prolongation neck of x ray tube.The rotor of rotating anode assembly is driven by stator.
The x of a new generation ray tube has increased for the more demand of high-peak power is provided.But more high-peak power causes more peak value temperature occurs in target assembly, particularly at the some place of target " track (track) " or electron beam hits target.Therefore, because the peak power of the increase that is applied exists useful life and integrity problem about target.
Radiation coating can be applied to the x ray tube target so that enhanced rad conducts heat, and reduce wherein parts, as the working temperature of target and bearing assembly.But, this type coating usually based on oxide, as ZrO 2-TiO 2-Al 2O 3Mixture, they trend towards instability and in for example 1200 ℃ or the above time degassing.The degassing generally includes carbon monoxide (CO), and it results from oxide components (TiO for example 2) under its working temperature with the reduction components of the target matrix (Mo among the TZM-Mo for example 2The C phase) adverse chemical stability.The high vacuum environment of CO and other degassing product infringement x ray tube, thus make this class product undesirable.
Therefore, wish to have a kind of method and device that when the minimizing degassing is emitted, improves the hot property and the stability of x ray target and bearing.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of device that is used to improve the hot property of x ray tube target, it has overcome above-mentioned shortcoming.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the target assembly that is used to generate the x ray comprises target matrix and the radiation coating that is applied to the part of target matrix, and radiation coating comprises one or more in carbide and the carbonitride.
According to another aspect of the present invention, the method for making x ray tube target assembly comprises forming and comprises the target matrix of Mo and alloy thereof and form radiation coating on this matrix that wherein radiation coating comprises one or more in carbide and the carbonitride.
Another aspect of the present invention comprises the imaging system with x ray detector and x ray irradiation source.X-ray source comprises negative electrode and anode.Anode comprises target base material (basematerial) and is added in the target base material, has one or more the radiation coating of molecular compound that comprises in carbide and the carbonitride.
By following the detailed description and the accompanying drawings, other various feature and advantage of the present invention will be very obvious.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing illustrates current consideration and is used to realize a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing comprises:
Fig. 1 is the block diagram that can benefit from conjunction with the imaging system of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Fig. 2 is the sectional view of the x ray tube that can be used according to embodiments of the invention and with system shown in Figure 1.
Fig. 3 is the diagram that can benefit from the CT system that is used in conjunction with one embodiment of the present of invention, with non-infringement formula baggage inspection system.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 is according to the present invention, is designed to obtain raw image data and handles the block diagram of this view data for an embodiment of the imaging system 10 that shows and/or analyze.Person of skill in the art will appreciate that the present invention is applicable to many industry and the medical imaging system of realizing the x ray tube, for example x ray or breast x X-ray camera system.Obtain the three-dimensional data of volume other imaging system, also benefit from the present invention as take a picture (computed tomography) system and digital x-ray photographic system of computer chromatographical X-ray.The following argumentation of x-ray system 10 is a kind of example of such realization, rather than will limit aspect form.
As shown in Figure 1, x ray system 10 comprises the x radiographic source 12 that is configured to send the x beam 14 that passes object 16.Object 16 can comprise people's object, baggage item or other object of wishing scanning.X-ray source 12 can be that the generation scope is usually from the conventional x ray tube of the x ray of the power spectrum of 30keV to 200keV.X ray 14 passes object 16, and is shone on the detector 18 after object 16 decay.The analog electrical signal of the attenuated beam when object 16 is passed in each detector generation expression irradiation x ray beam intensity in the detector 18 thereby expression.In one embodiment, detector 18 is based on the detector of flicker, still, also can imagine and also can realize direct translation type detector (for example CZT detector etc.).
Processor 20 receives analog electrical signals from detector 18, and generates the image corresponding with being scanned object 16.Computer 22 communicates with processor 20, so that make that the operator who uses operator's console 24 can the gated sweep parameter and check the generation image.That is to say, operator's console 24 comprises the operator interface of certain form, and for example keyboard, mouse, voice activation controller or permission operator control x ray system 10 and check from the reconstructed image of computer 22 or any other suitable input unit of other data at display unit 26.In addition, control desk 24 permission operators will generate image and be stored in the storage device 28, and wherein storage device 28 can comprise hard disk drive, floppy disk, CD etc.But operator also operator's console 24 provides order and instruction to computer 22, is used to control the source controller 30 that power and timing signal are provided to x radiographic source 12.
In addition, also will be used for describing the present invention at making in the x ray.But, those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the present invention is equally applicable to other system that comprises the target that is used to produce the x ray.
Fig. 2 illustrates the sectional view in conjunction with the x ray tube 12 of one embodiment of the present of invention.X-ray tube 12 comprises framework or shell 50, has wherein formed x ray window 52.Framework 50 comprises vacuum 54, and holds anode or target assembly 56, bearing box (bearing cartridge) 58, negative electrode 60 and rotor 62.Target assembly 56 comprises target matrix 57, and its axle 59 that hits is linked target matrix 57.Under the situation that CT uses, for example 60,000 volts or higher potential difference lead target matrixes 57 and when being decelerated from negative electrode 60 between high-velocity electrons are via negative electrode 60 and target matrix 57, generation x ray 14.Electronics is at focus 61 collision target rail materials 86, and x ray 14 is from wherein radiation.X ray 14 by x ray window 52 emit to detector array, as the detector 18 of Fig. 1.Make target rail material 86 overheated for fear of electronics, target assembly 56 with 90-250Hz for example around center line 64 high speed rotating.
Bearing box 58 comprises fore bearing assembly 63 and rear bearing assembly 65.Bearing box 58 also is included in the bearing hub 77 that first end 68 of central shaft 66 is linked the central shaft 66 of rotor 62 and is connected in second end 70 of central shaft 66.Fore bearing assembly 63 comprises preceding inside race (race) 72, preceding outer race 80 and a plurality of preceding ball 76 that engages with preceding seat ring 72,80 with roll mode.Rear bearing assembly 65 comprises back inside race 74, back outer race 82 and a plurality of backs ball 78 that engages with back ring 74,82 with roll mode.Bearing box 58 comprises the sleeve (stem) 83 by 12 supportings of x ray tube.The stator (not shown) radially is arranged on the outside of rotor 62 and drives rotor 62, and rotor 62 drives target assembly 56 with rotation mode.In one embodiment, acceptor 73 is arranged to around sleeve 83, and links x ray tube 12 at backboard 75 places.Acceptor 73 extends between target axle 59 and the bearing hub (bearing hub) 77 in the formed gap 79.
Target rail material 86 generally includes tungsten or tungsten alloy, and target matrix 57 generally includes molybdenum or molybdenum alloy.Hot storage medium 90, can be used for absorbing and/or disperse near the heat of accumulation focus 61 as graphite.Those skilled in the art can know that target rail material 86 and target matrix 57 can comprise the same material of all-metal target that is known in the art.
In operation, electron collision focus 61 also produces the x ray, and wherein the heat that is produced increases the temperature of target matrix 57, thereby makes heat mainly be delivered to parts on every side via radiant heat transfer, for example and be mainly framework 50.The heat that produces in the target matrix 57 also is delivered to bearing box 58 by target axle 59 and bearing hub 77 with conduction pattern, thereby causes the increase of the temperature of bearing box 58.
Do not have radiation coating or other surface modification, target matrix 57 can have for example 0.18 radiance.Therefore, can be restricted, thereby promote the working temperature that other parts of bearing box 58 and target assembly 56 increase from the radiant heat transfer of target assembly 56.Therefore, for the heat conduction that is reduced to bearing box 58 and be increased to the radiant heat transfer amount of parts on every side, radiation coating 92 can be applied to the outer surface 93 of target axle 59.In addition, radiation coating 97 can be applied to the surface 99 of target matrix 57, and radiation coating 94 also can be applied to the neighboring 95 of target matrix 57.In addition, radiation coating 89 can be applied to the surface 91 of target matrix 57.
In addition, radiation coating can be applied to other surface that comprises in the framework 50, and usually with radiation mode and target assembly 56 heat-shifts.For example, radiation coating 85 can be applied to framework 50 at outer periphery surface 84, and perhaps radiation coating 81 can be applied to axle surface 88.In addition, radiation coating 98 can be applied to the surface 69 of rotor 62, and perhaps radiation coating 67 can be applied to acceptor 73 on surface 96.In addition, though radiation coating 67,81,84,85 and 98 only illustrates on the sub-fraction of its respective surfaces, but those skilled in the art can know, radiation coating 67,81,84,85 equally with radiation coating 89,94 and 97 is applied to the corresponding whole surface that they are applied to 98.
According to one embodiment of present invention, radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 is based on refractory carbide, carbonitride and the boride of the family in the periodic table 4,5 and 6 elements (with modern IUPAC name) (for example TiC, ZrC, HfC, TaC, Mo 2C, ZrB 2, HfB 2, TiC xN y, ZrC xN yAnd HfC xN y).Under the situation of carbide, radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 also can comprise Mo.In another embodiment, radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 comprises boron carbide (B 4C).In yet another embodiment, radiation coating the 67,81,85,89,92,94,97, the 98th, refractory carbide, carbonitride and boride and steady oxide (include but not limited to Al 2O 3, La 2O 3, Y 2O 3, ZrO 2And HfO 2) combination.Can apply radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 by the technology that for example comprises chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), heat/plasma spray coating, cold spraying, reaction soldering (reacivebrazing), soldering (brazing) and coating (cladding).
Radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 can be phase structure or heterogeneous structure.In order to strengthen the robustness of coating, this type coating can comprise (graded) and/or the composite microstructure of multilayer, classification.In addition, under the situation of composite coating, composition can be to have the non-oxidized substance of high radiant rate or comprise oxide base material (matrix) (Al for example 2O 3, La 2O 3, Y 2O 3, ZrO 2And HfO 2) in the compound of at least a thermal radiation non-oxidized substance (for example ZrC or TiC), it is stable with the Mo alloy at high temperature.Because its favourable dielectric property, this oxide increases effective emitting area, thereby increases the radiant heat transfer from wherein.
In order to strengthen long-time stability, thin diffusion impervious layer can be applied between the respective surfaces that radiation coating and they are applied to.Therefore, radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 can comprise the diffusion impervious layer that is arranged between radiation coating 67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98 and its respective surfaces 96,88,84,91,93,95,99,69.According to embodiments of the invention, diffusion impervious layer can comprise nitride and the carbonitride of Ti, Zr and Hf, and preferred candidates comprises TiN, ZrN, HfN, TiCN, ZrCN and HfCN.
Therefore, according to embodiments of the invention as herein described, by the radiance (emssivity) that increases on the surface 96,88,84,91,93,95,99,69, the heat that the increase of the heat that is passed out from target axle 59 and from target matrix 57 via radiation thereby reduce is passed out from target axle 59 via conduction.Therefore, can reduce target assembly 56 working temperature of (comprising target axle 59, bearing hub 77 and bearing box 58).
The diagram of the CT system that Fig. 3 right and wrong infringement formula baggage inspection system is used.Parcel/baggage screening system 100 comprises rotatable gantry 102, wherein has the opening 104 that parcel or baggage item can pass through.The detection part 108 that rotatable gantry 102 is held high frequency electromagnetic energy source 106 and had the scintillator arrays of being made up of scintillator cells.Transfer system 110 also is provided, and it comprises conveyer belt 112, by structure 114 supportings so that automatically and continuously by opening 104 transmission parcel or baggage item 116 to be scanned.Object 116 is presented by opening 104 by conveyer belt 112, obtains imaging data then, and conveyer belt 112 takes off parcel 116 in controlled and continuous mode from opening 104.Therefore, postal inspection personnel, baggage handling personnel and other Security Officer can be by the explosive in the inclusion of non-infringement formula inspection parcel 116, cutter, gun, contrabands etc.
According to one embodiment of present invention, the target assembly that is used to generate the x ray comprises target matrix and the radiation coating that is applied to the part of target matrix, and radiation coating comprises one or more in carbide and the carbonitride.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the method for making x ray tube target assembly comprises forming and comprises the target matrix of Mo and alloy thereof and form radiation coating on this matrix that wherein radiation coating comprises one or more in carbide and the carbonitride.
Another embodiment of the present invention comprises the imaging system with x ray detector and x ray irradiation source.X-ray source comprises negative electrode and anode.Anode comprises and is added to the target base material, has one or more the radiation coating of molecular compound that comprises in carbide and the carbonitride.
By preferred embodiment the present invention has been described, as everybody knows, unless clearly set forth, other equivalents, alternative and modification are possible, and be within the scope of appended claims.
List of parts
10 imaging systems, 20 processors
12 x-ray sources, 22 computers
14 X-ray beams 24 use the operator of operator's console
16 objects, 26 display units
18 detectors, 28 storage devices
50 frameworks or shell 60 negative electrodes
52 X ray windows, 61 focuses
54 vacuum, 62 rotors
56 anodes or target assembly 63 fore bearing assemblies
58 bearing boxs, 64 center lines
57 target matrixes, 65 rear bearing assemblies
59 target axles, 66 central shafts
67 radiation coatings, 74 back inside races
68 first ends, 75 backboards
More than 76 the preceding balls in 69 surfaces
70 second ends, 77 bearing hubs
More than 78 backs of inside race ball before 72
73 acceptors, 79 gaps
Outer race before 81 radiation coatings 80
82 back outer race 89 radiation coatings
83 sleeves, 91 surfaces
84 outer periphery surfaces, 92 radiation coatings
85 radiation coatings, 93 outer surfaces
86 target rail materials, 94 radiation coatings
88 axial planes, 95 neighborings
97 radiation coatings, 96 surfaces
99 surperficial 108 detector modules
98 radiation coatings, 110 transfer systems
100 parcel/baggage screening systems, 112 conveyer belts
102 rotatable gantry, 114 structures
104 openings, 116 parcel or baggage items
106 high frequency electromagnetic energy source

Claims (10)

1. target assembly (56) that is used to produce x ray (14) comprising:
Target matrix (57); And
Be applied to the radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) of the part of described target matrix (57), described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) comprises one or more in carbide and the carbonitride.
2. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) also comprises steady oxide, and it comprises Al 2O 3, La 2O 3, Y 2O 3, ZrO 2And HfO 2One of in.
3. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) comprises carbide, described radiation coating also comprises Mo.
4. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) comprise multilayer, classification with composite microstructure one of them.
5. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) is one of in monophase materials and the heterogeneous material.
6. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, one of them applies described radiation coating (67 via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technology, physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology, heat/plasma spray coating technology, cold spray process, reaction soldering technology, soldering processes and cladding process, 81,85,89,92,94,97,98).
7. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, comprise one of in described carbide and the carbonitride family's 4 elements, family's 5 elements, family's 6 elements and boron one of them.
8. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) is B 4C, TiC, ZrC, HfC, TaC, Mo 2C, ZrB 2, HfB 2, TiC xN y, ZrC xN yAnd HfC xN yOne of them.
9. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described target matrix (57) comprises target surface (99) and outer rim (94), and wherein said target assembly (56) also comprises the axle (59) of linking described target matrix (57), and wherein said radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) be applied to described target surface (99), described outer rim (94) and described axle (59) one of them.
10. target as claimed in claim 1 (56), wherein, described radiation coating (67,81,85,89,92,94,97,98) comprise carbide, described target assembly (56) also comprises the diffusion impervious layer that is arranged between described carbide and the described target matrix (57), and described diffusion impervious layer is one of in the nitride of Ti, Zr, Hf and the carbonitride.
CNA2009101417891A 2008-05-16 2009-05-15 Apparatus for increasing radiative heat transfer in x-ray tube and method of making the same Pending CN101582365A (en)

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US12/122279 2008-05-16

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US9653249B2 (en) 2012-11-15 2017-05-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Transmission type target, radiation generating tube having the transmission type target, radiation generator having the radiation generating tube, and radiation imaging apparatus having the radiation generator
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US12012364B2 (en) 2019-11-29 2024-06-18 Central South University Long-term ablation-resistant nitrogen-containing carbide ultra-high temperature ceramic with ultra-high melting point and application thereof

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US7672433B2 (en) 2010-03-02
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AT506833A2 (en) 2009-12-15

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