CN101578132A - 通过测量重整炉管温度和调整功能参数控制重整反应的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种控制使用包括燃烧器和管子的燃烧室进行的烃蒸汽重整反应的方法,所述管子填充了催化剂并且能使烃和蒸汽的混合物通过,燃烧器放置成使得将其燃烧产生的热通过管壁传递给烃和蒸汽的混合物,其中在管子的下游部分测量每个管子的壁温度T,并且对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T大于或者等于MOT(DTT-15℃,DTT是管子的设计温度),则调整重整方法功能参数以将该管子的测量温度T降低至低于MOT的值。
Description
本发明涉及一种控制烃蒸汽重整工艺以获得合成气的方法。
烃蒸汽重整工艺在重整炉的燃烧室中进行,该燃烧室包括燃烧器和填充了催化剂的能使烃和蒸汽的混合物通过的管子。燃烧器放置成使得将其燃烧产生的热通过管壁传递给烃和蒸汽的混合物,这通常通过热从火焰辐射到燃烧室的耐火壁来实现。
在正常操作条件下,重整炉管的使用寿命通常为大约100000小时。
温度高于预期会减少管子的使用寿命;因此,如果管子在高于其设计温度或者DTT(管子的设计温度)10-20℃的温度下使用,则使用寿命会减半。
然而,仍然期望高温以增加合成气产率。
因此必须控制炉中使用的方法以采用能得到高合成气产率的高温,同时确保该温度不会降低重整炉管的使用寿命。认为温度DTT-15℃是重整炉可以无风险使用的最高温度,该最高操作温度也称为MOT。
本发明的目的是提供这样的一种控制方法。
为了该目的,本发明涉及一种控制在包括燃烧器和管子的燃烧室中进行的烃蒸汽重整工艺的方法,所述管子填充了催化剂并且能使烃和蒸汽的混合物通过,燃烧器放置成使得将其燃烧产生的热通过管壁传递给烃和蒸汽的混合物,根据该方法测量每个管子的壁温度T,优选在管子的下游部分测量每个管子的壁温度T,并且对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T大于或者等于MOT,则调整至少一个重整操作参数以将该管子的测量温度T降低至低于MOT的值。
因此本发明包括在每个管子的下游部分中测量所述管子的壁温度T的步骤。表述“下游部分”理解为指根据管子中烃和蒸汽的混合物的流动方向位于下游的管子部分。每个管子具有对其金属组成的性质及其几何形状特定的设计温度DTT。该温度由管子的制造商限定。根据本发明测量每个管子的温度T,并将其与该管子的设计温度DTT比较。如果测量温度T低于MOT,则不需要控制重整反应的操作。另一方面,对于至少一个管子,如果该管子的测量温度T大于或者等于MOT,则在第二个步骤中调整重整反应的操作参数以降低重整温度,从而将该管子的测量温度T降低至低于MOT的值。
根据本发明的方法,测量每个管子的壁温度T的步骤以及任选地调整至少一个操作参数的步骤至少每月进行一次。
在重整装置的启动过程以及生产测试过程中优选也进行该测量。
为了确保如上所述所有管子的温度T的两次测量之间管子的安全性,本发明也可以包括所有或者一些下述操作:
-在每次测量所有管子的温度T的过程中,确定出认为“非常热的”管子(非常热的管子),这些管子就是测量温度T高于或者等于MOT-10℃的管子。对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T高于或者等于MOT-10℃,则更加频繁地并且优选每天测量该至少一个已确定管子的温度。显然将会考虑具体条件的所属技术领域的技术人员可以调整用于进行该增强监控的限制温度MOT-10℃;
-在每次测量所有管子的温度T的过程中,确定出最热的25%管子,即使根据本发明这些管子不是“非常热的”管子,使得在调整导致管子温度显著增加的重整工艺操作参数的情况下,测量这些最热的25%管子的温度。对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T大于或者等于MOT-10℃,则更加频繁地并且优选每天测量已确定为“非常热的管子”的该至少一个管子的温度。
在可导致管子温度显著增加的因素中,可以提及例如将供给重整炉的装料增加5%-10%,将管子中产生的合成气的输出温度增加5-10℃,终止C02的循环或者调整燃烧器的结构。
为了降低管子温度,优选调整选自如下操作参数的至少一个操作参数:烃和蒸汽的混合物的流速,烃和蒸汽量之间的比率,燃烧器中氧化剂的流速和/或燃料的流速,燃烧器中氧化剂的压力和/或燃料的压力,以及氧化剂中氧气的百分比;有利的是选择调整燃烧器中燃料的流速和/或氧化剂的流速。
优选使用高温计测量管子的壁温度T。也可以使用接触热电偶或红外线照相机。高温测量通过炉壁上的开口进行,该开口即操作员将高温计(或者另一种测量仪器)通过其插入必需测量壁温度T的管子上的“窥孔”。高温计在测量过程保持水平。对于高温计,根据第一种变化方案,可以以高温计直接指向管壁时显示的数值Tm作为管子的壁温度T。根据第二种变化方案,对于高温计,根据下式一方面从通过位于燃烧室壁(第一壁)上的窥孔插入并且直接指向管子的高温计显示的数值Tm,另一方面从该管子附近同一壁上的平均温度Tw推导出管子的壁温度T:
其中:
-T是开尔文温度;
-λ是以μm为单位的高温计波长;
-Tm是当高温计直接指向管子时显示的开尔文温度;
-Tw是从管子两侧的燃烧室壁(第一壁)得到的六次温度测量的平均值,以开尔文表示;和
-ε是管子的辐射系数。
因此根据第二种变化方案,必须使用高温计在燃烧室壁(即第一壁)上进行六次温度测量,得到管子的温度测量值Tm。这六次测量通过将高温计从燃烧室第二壁插到燃烧室第一壁进行:
-在管子右侧进行三次测量:
●在该管子上得到测量值Tm的点的高度上进行第一次测量;
●在高于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第二次测量;
●在低于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第三次测量;
-在管子左侧进行三次测量:
●在该管子上得到测量值Tm的点的高度上进行第一次测量;
●在高于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第二次测量;
●在低于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第三次测量。
为了说明这六次测量的位置,图1描述了三个重整炉管1、1’和1”。通过将高温计直接插在该管子上,在位于管子1’上的点2处测量温度Tm。为了得到Tw,在燃烧室壁上进行六次测量(在测量燃烧室壁温度的过程中位于管子1’的后面):在管子1’右侧进行三次测量(31、32和33),并且在管子左侧进行三次测量(41、42和43)。
管子的辐射系数ε由管子制造商提供,或者用管子样品在实验室测量。
根据第二种变化方案的测量尤其用于测量与炉壁中的开口(窥孔)对角相对位置的管子的壁温度,因为与开口不相对,这些管子不经受由于窥孔开口引起的冷却现象。
这种类型的测量也优选用于被认为“非常热的”管子,也就是已经表现出壁温度T高于或者等于MOT-10℃的所有管子,而且优选用于属于具有最热温度的25%管子部分的所有管子。
该测量方法可适用于任何类型的重整炉。
本发明的优点是限制了重整炉老化。另一个优点是可以更好地控制不同燃烧器的功率并且确保重整反应最理想地产生合成气。
Claims (8)
1.一种控制在包括燃烧器和管子的燃烧室中进行的烃蒸汽重整工艺的方法,所述管子填充了催化剂并且能使烃和蒸汽的混合物通过,燃烧器放置成使得将其燃烧产生的热通过管壁传递给烃和蒸汽的混合物,其中测量每个管子的壁温度T,优选在管子的下游部分测量每个管子的壁温度T,其特征在于对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T大于或者等于MOT,则调整至少一个重整工艺操作参数以将该管子的测量温度T降低至低于MOT的值,在MOT是管子的最高操作温度的情况下降低至等于DTT-15℃,DTT是管子的设计温度。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于测量每个管子的壁温度T的步骤以及任选地调整至少一个操作参数的步骤至少每月进行一次。
3.如权利要求1或权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于在已经测量了每个管子的温度T后确定出认为“非常热的”管子,即测量温度T高于或者等于MOT-10℃的管子,并且对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T高于或者等于MOT-10℃,则更加频繁地并且优选每天测量该至少一个已确定管子的温度。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的方法,其特征在于在已经测量了每个管子的温度T后确定出最热的25%管子,使得在调整导致管子温度显著增加的重整工艺操作参数的情况下测量这些最热的25%管子的温度,并且对于至少一个管子,如果测量温度T高于或者等于MOT-10℃,则更加频繁地并且优选每天测量该至少一个管子的温度。
5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的方法,其特征在于为了降低管子的温度,优选调整选自如下操作参数的至少一个操作参数:烃和蒸汽的混合物的流速,烃和蒸汽量之间的比率,燃烧器中氧化剂的流速和/或燃料的流速,燃烧器中氧化剂的压力和/或燃料的压力,以及氧化剂中氧气的百分比;更优选调整燃烧器中燃料的流速和/或氧化剂的流速。
6.如前述权利要求任一项所述的方法,其特征在于管子的壁温度T是当高温计直接指向管壁时显示的值Tm。
8.如前述权利要求任一项所述的方法,其特征在于从管子两侧的燃烧室壁进行的六次温度测量通过将高温计插到位于管子(1’)后面的壁上进行:
-在管子(1’)右侧进行三次测量:
·在该管子上得到测量值Tm的点的高度上进行第一次测量(31);
·在高于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第二次测量(32);和
·在低于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第三次测量(33);
-在管子(1’)左侧进行三次测量:
·在该管子上得到测量值Tm的点的高度上进行第一次测量(41);
·在高于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第二次测量(42);
·在低于第一次测量并与其成垂直的线上进行第三次测量(43)。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR0655308 | 2006-12-05 | ||
FR0655308A FR2909445B1 (fr) | 2006-12-05 | 2006-12-05 | Procede de controle d'une reaction de reformage par mesure de la temperature des tubes de reformage |
PCT/FR2007/052266 WO2008068434A2 (fr) | 2006-12-05 | 2007-10-29 | Procede de controle d'une reaction de reformage par mesure de la temperature des tubes de reformage et modification des parametres operatoires |
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CN101578132A true CN101578132A (zh) | 2009-11-11 |
CN101578132B CN101578132B (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
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US (1) | US8765018B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2099556B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101578132B (zh) |
EA (1) | EA014769B1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2884806T3 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2909445B1 (zh) |
PT (1) | PT2099556T (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008068434A2 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
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CN108778988A (zh) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-11-09 | 法国德西尼布 | 降低重整器中温度扩散的方法 |
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FR2938251B1 (fr) * | 2008-11-13 | 2010-11-26 | Air Liquide | Procede d'allumage des bruleurs dans un four de reformage |
EP2671634B1 (en) * | 2012-06-08 | 2017-08-09 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method to homogenize the tube temperatures between tubes during processes involving heating of gas flowing in the tubes |
US9321642B2 (en) * | 2013-12-04 | 2016-04-26 | L'Air Liquide Société´Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Method for decreasing SMR tube temperature |
CN104880255B (zh) * | 2015-04-23 | 2017-11-10 | 广东石油化工学院 | 一种裂解炉炉管外壁测温仪驱动装置 |
FR3043185B1 (fr) * | 2015-11-02 | 2019-07-12 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Methode pour ameliorer l'efficacite thermique d'un four de reformage |
US10274375B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2019-04-30 | Lumasense Technologies Holdings, Inc. | Temperature measurement system for furnaces |
EP3814274B1 (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2022-05-04 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Electrically heated reactor and a process for gas conversions using said reactor |
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GB1247338A (en) * | 1967-10-13 | 1971-09-22 | Power Gas Ltd | Steam reforming of hydrocarbons |
US3656913A (en) * | 1970-01-27 | 1972-04-18 | Selas Corp Of America | Catalytic reactor |
EP1094031A4 (en) * | 1999-04-20 | 2005-02-02 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | MONOTUBE CYLINDRICAL REFORMER AND METHOD FOR OPERATING THE SAME |
ATE556987T1 (de) * | 2000-03-22 | 2012-05-15 | Ammonia Casale Sa | Verfahren zur kohlenwasserstoffreformierung |
US20020110505A1 (en) * | 2000-12-20 | 2002-08-15 | Shoou-I Wang | Reformer process with variable heat flux side-fired burner system |
FR2850392B1 (fr) | 2003-01-27 | 2007-03-09 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de traitement thermique de charges hydrocarbonees par four equipe de bruleurs radiants |
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- 2007-10-29 ES ES07866509T patent/ES2884806T3/es active Active
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- 2007-10-29 CN CN2007800448675A patent/CN101578132B/zh active Active
- 2007-10-29 US US12/516,734 patent/US8765018B2/en active Active
- 2007-10-29 PT PT78665098T patent/PT2099556T/pt unknown
- 2007-10-29 WO PCT/FR2007/052266 patent/WO2008068434A2/fr active Application Filing
Cited By (2)
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CN108778988A (zh) * | 2016-02-04 | 2018-11-09 | 法国德西尼布 | 降低重整器中温度扩散的方法 |
CN108778988B (zh) * | 2016-02-04 | 2022-08-19 | 法国德西尼布 | 降低重整器中温度扩散的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2099556A2 (fr) | 2009-09-16 |
FR2909445A1 (fr) | 2008-06-06 |
CN101578132B (zh) | 2012-08-22 |
US8765018B2 (en) | 2014-07-01 |
WO2008068434A2 (fr) | 2008-06-12 |
WO2008068434A3 (fr) | 2008-07-31 |
FR2909445B1 (fr) | 2009-02-06 |
US20100140552A1 (en) | 2010-06-10 |
ES2884806T3 (es) | 2021-12-13 |
EP2099556B1 (fr) | 2021-06-09 |
EA200970538A1 (ru) | 2009-10-30 |
PT2099556T (pt) | 2021-08-31 |
EA014769B1 (ru) | 2011-02-28 |
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