CN101565635B - Grate-type gasifier for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a grate-type gasifier for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials. The structure of the gasifier is that the upper part of the gasifier is a biomass material feedopening and simultaneously an air suction inlet for limited quantity of air to get into a gasification reaction chamber, and the biomass material feed opening is communicated with a gasification cham ber through a material-containing chamber; the gasifier is provided with a front sealed cover and a back sealed cover; and the middle part of the gasifier is a rectangular gasification reaction chamber, the bottom of the rectangular gasification reaction chamber is provided with a continuously-running chain grate which is arranged on a conveyer belt of a driving roller and a driven roller, and n evenly-distributed material homogenizers are arranged above the chain grate. The grate-type gasifier has the advantages that the structure is scientific and reasonable, the continuously-running chain grate is adopted to replace an intermittently-running sieve plate of a fixed bed gasifier, and the use and the maintenance are convenient; and by applying the grate-type gasifier, the agriculture and forestry biomass materials can get into the gasifier smoothly to generate fuel gas by only being cut into rod-shaped or sheet-shaped materials with certain lengths without needing to be crushed into even particles, and continuous uninterrupted material charging, carbon discharging and stable gas supply can be formed.

Description

The grate-type gasifier that is used for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials

Technical field

What the present invention relates to is a kind of Novel fire grate formula vapourizing furnace for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials, belongs to vapourizing furnace manufacturing and operation technique field.

Background technology

Current major equipment for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials has fixed-bed gasification furnace and fluidized-bed gasification furnace, run in actual applications two problems: the one, existing equipment for gasification is strict to ingredient requirement, the ingredient requirement globule size that fixed-bed gasification furnace needs evenly and certain density arranged, and fluidized-bed gasification furnace wants even and tiny to the granularity requirements of raw material, so that multiple agriculture and forestry biomass materials can't directly utilize at present, need to utilize through after the grinding and processing, strengthened energy consumption; The 2nd, the biomass charcoal that produces in gasification can only be discharged by intermittent type, causes reaction in furnace unstable, thereby the gas production rate of combustible gas is fluctuateed, and has affected air feed and power generating quality.

Summary of the invention

The present invention proposes a kind of Novel fire grate formula vapourizing furnace for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials, is intended to overcome the existing defects of prior art.

Technical solution of the present invention: its structure be the top of vapourizing furnace be biological material to add entrance also be the suction opening that the finite quantity air enters reaction chamber simultaneously, biological material adds entrance and communicates with vaporizer by holding the material chamber; Vapourizing furnace is provided with front sealing cover, rear sealing cover; The middle part is the rectangle gasification reactor chamber; The bottom of rectangle gasification reactor chamber is continuously the chain-grate of operation, and chain-grate is contained on the conveying belt of drive roll and driven roll, and its top is provided with the uniform material-homogenating device of n bar.

Advantage of the present invention: gasification furnace structure science, reasonable, the chain-grate of employing continuously-running substitutes the sieve plate of the intermittent motion of fixed-bed gasification furnace, not only use, easy to maintenance, and use the shaft-like or sheet (material) that this grate-type gasifier agriculture and forestry biomass materials only need to cut into certain-length, need not to be ground into uniform particulate state, can enter smoothly and produce inflammable gas in the vapourizing furnace, can also form continuously continual feed in raw material, go out charcoal and stable air feed.Grate-type gasifier can be produced agriculture and forestry biomass materials gas, three kinds of products of solid, liquid simultaneously.The combustible gas that obtains can supply oil engine, gas turbine power generation or direct air feed; Liquid reclaims by condensation and obtains biomass vinegar liquid, is used for thimerosal, the reodorant in cattle breeding place, also can be used for inert ingredient and agricultural chemicals, or promotes the foliage fertilizer of plant growth; The biomass charcoal that obtains, be rich in the essential nutritive element of plant growth, making compoiste fertilizer returns after the field, the gas permeability of soil is increased, water and fertilizer there is the long-acting slow-release effect, soil to heavy metal contamination, degeneration has improvement, repair, also can be used as Carbon Materials, is used for reductive agent, lagging material and the civilian barbecue etc. of metallurgical industry.The Novel fire grate formula vapourizing furnace that is used for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials has overcome existing fixed bed and vulcanization bed vapourizing furnace to the strict demand of feedstock particle size and uniformity coefficient, thereby so that the problem that multiple biological material can't directly utilize has at present obtained solution.This device just cuts into shaft-like agriculture and forestry biomass materials or sheet, send in the grate-type gasifier, adopt the air quantity of control bed depth and induced draft fan, make biological material in vapourizing furnace, produce the high-temperature combustible gas body, obtain pure combustible gas and biomass vinegar liquid near room temperature after gas-liquid separation, the solid of pyrolysis does not namely form biomass charcoal fully.

Description of drawings

Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation for the grate-type gasifier of gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials.

Accompanying drawing 2 is side-views of Fig. 1.

Accompanying drawing 3 is the A-A cut-away views among Fig. 1.

Among the figure 1 is support, the 2nd, the collection and confinement of gases mouth, the 3rd that gasifies and produce, and drive roll, the 4th, front sealing cover, the 5th, gas is extracted pipe, the 6th out, and gas is extracted mouth, the 7th out, and biological material adds entrance, the 8th, pulls out glassware, the 9th, holds material chamber, the 10th, material-homogenating device, the 11st, rectangle gasification reactor chamber, the 12nd, chain-grate, the 13rd, pyrocarbon outlet, the 14th, rear sealing cover, the 15th, driven roll, the 16th, star blow-off valve, the 17th, charcoal is collected mouth, the 18th, worm conveyor (water cooling), the 19th, cooling basin.

Embodiment

Contrast accompanying drawing, its structure be the top of vapourizing furnace be biological material to add entrance 7 also be the suction opening that the finite quantity air enters gasification reactor chamber simultaneously, biological material adds entrance 7 and communicates with vaporizer 11 by holding material chamber 9; Vapourizing furnace is provided with front sealing cover 4, rear sealing cover 14; The middle part is rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11, and the bottom is continuously the chain-grate 12 of operation, and chain-grate 12 is contained on drive roll 3 and the conveying belt that driven roll 15 is connected, is provided with the uniform material-homogenating device of n bar 10 above it.

Described rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11, the area that it and chain-grate 12 are enclosed is pneumatization, and biomass material forms rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11 after evenly lighting on the chain-grate 12, and its temperature of reaction is at 600～900 ℃.One end of chain-grate 12 traffic directions is collection charcoal mouth 17, the biomass charcoal that rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11 bottoms produce is tightly connected with worm conveyor 18 to collection charcoal mouth 17 through pyrocarbon outlet 13, by star blow-off valve 16 dischargings of sealing, bottom of furnace body is comprised of the base 1 of water-lute after cooling basin 19 is cooled to below 60 ℃.Between base 1 and chain-grate 12, the both sides of body of heater are provided with the collection and confinement of gases mouth 2 that gasification produces, collection and confinement of gases mouth 2 usefulness gases are extracted pipe 5 out and are connected to efficient cyclone separator (have), make the solid dust in the gas separate discharge.

In rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11, the top of chain-grate 12 arranges n bar material material-homogenating device 10, material-homogenating device 10 is equally distributed in fire grate direction of motion, it improves highly from front to back successively, the discrepancy in elevation of per two material-homogenating devices equals pyrocarbon and goes out open height divided by (n+1), every material-homogenating device 10 is comprised of the steel plate bar on the steel pipe that passes into water coolant and steel pipe top, make chain-grate 12 when operation, material in the rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11 can evenly descend, and the charcoal that the bottom produces is by pyrocarbon outlet 13 even continuous wave outputs.Bottom at vapourizing furnace charcoal outlet end arranges the water cooling worm conveyor.Solved pyrocarbon that vapourizing furnace discharges meet behind the air can spontaneous combustion problem.Biomass charcoal is after chain-grate 12 is sent gasification reactor chamber 11, enter collection charcoal mouth 17 through pyrocarbon outlet 13, enter again worm conveyor 18, collection charcoal mouth 17 is tightly connected with worm conveyor 18, and be immersed in the cooling basin 19 biomass charcoal is cooled to below 60 ℃, send and enter again that biomass charcoal stores or processing workshop section by star blow-off valve 16.

Chain-grate 12 is arranged on rectangle gasification reactor chamber 11 bottoms, but its continuously and smoothly's motion, travelling speed can be regulated as required, the solid carbon that forms behind the gasification reaction, granular size no matter, all can take vaporizer out of by the operation of fire grate, solve the harsh requirement of gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials to the raw material shape.

Claims (1)

1. the grate-type gasifier that is used for gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials, the top that it is characterized in that vapourizing furnace be biological material to add entrance also be the suction opening that the finite quantity air enters gasification reactor chamber simultaneously, biological material adds entrance and communicates with gasification reactor chamber by holding the material chamber; Vapourizing furnace is provided with front sealing cover, rear sealing cover; The vapourizing furnace middle part is the rectangle gasification reactor chamber; The bottom of rectangle gasification reactor chamber is continuously the chain-grate of operation, and chain-grate is contained on the conveying belt of drive roll and driven roll, and its top is provided with the uniform material-homogenating device of n bar; Described rectangle gasification reactor chamber bottom is chain-grate, and an end of this chain-grate traffic direction is the pyrocarbon outlet, and the pyrocarbon outlet is tightly connected through Ji Tankou and discharging spiral conveyor, discharging after the cooling of cooling basin; Bottom of furnace body is comprised of the base of water-lute, and between base and chain-grate, the both sides of body of heater are provided with the collection and confinement of gases mouth that gasification produces, the collection and confinement of gases mouth is extracted pipe out with gas and is connected to cyclonic separator, solid dust in the gas is separated discharge; Described gasification reactor chamber middle part, the top of chain-grate arranges n bar material material-homogenating device, make chain-grate when operation, the indoor material of gasification reaction can evenly descend, the biomass charcoal that the bottom produces exports even continuous wave output by pyrocarbon, bottom at vapourizing furnace pyrocarbon exit end arranges worm conveyor, biomass charcoal is after chain-grate is sent gasification reactor chamber, enter Ji Tankou through the pyrocarbon outlet, enter again worm conveyor, Ji Tankou and worm conveyor are tightly connected, and be immersed in the cooling basin biomass charcoal is cooled to below 60 ℃, send and enter again that biomass charcoal stores or processing workshop section by the star blow-off valve; Described chain-grate is arranged on rectangle gasification reactor chamber bottom, can the continuously and smoothly move, travelling speed is regulated as required, the solid carbon that forms behind the gasification reaction, granular size no matter, can both take vaporizer out of by the operation of fire grate, solve the harsh requirement of gasifying agriculture and forestry biomass materials to the raw material shape.

Images