CN101563471A - Heat treatment method of inlaid pressure vessels - Google Patents

Heat treatment method of inlaid pressure vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101563471A
CN101563471A CNA2007800466315A CN200780046631A CN101563471A CN 101563471 A CN101563471 A CN 101563471A CN A2007800466315 A CNA2007800466315 A CN A2007800466315A CN 200780046631 A CN200780046631 A CN 200780046631A CN 101563471 A CN101563471 A CN 101563471A
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China
Prior art keywords
base material
tempering
main body
oil field
clad
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CNA2007800466315A
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Chinese (zh)
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菲利普·A·赫夫
基思·普鲁登
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Hydril LLC
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Hydril LLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/50—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for welded joints
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/02—Hardening by precipitation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/08—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes
    • C21D9/14—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for tubular bodies or pipes wear-resistant or pressure-resistant pipes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
    • C21D2251/04—Welded or brazed overlays

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

A process to manufacture an oilfield component including a base material and an age hardenable clad material comprises finish tempering the oilfield component at a selected time and at a selected temperature to temper the base material and age harden the clad material. A body of a ram blowout preventer comprises, a vertical bore through the body and a horizontal bore through the body intersecting the vertical bore, wherein the body is selectively reinforced with a clad material, and wherein the body is formed by a process comprising finish tempering at a selected time and at a selected temperature to temper the base material and age harden the clad material.

Description

The heat treating method of inlaid pressure vessels
Technical field
Present invention relates in general to the oil field parts and the equipment that use during the production of hydrocarbons.Particularly, the present invention relates to the method for thermal treatment oil field parts.
Background technology
The existing multiple design that is used for drilling well and produces hydrocarbon comprises land and unit is produced in offshore drilling.Offshore drilling is produced the unit design and can be changed according to the type (for example floating platform, semisubmersible platform, tension leg platform (TLP), spar type platform (spar-type platform) and other platform known in the art) of the depth of water and used platform.The type and the position of the control device of marine unit also can change, and comprising: the wet tree system, and its control device is set in place in the top of submarine well head; And the dry tree system, its control device is arranged on the platform.
The parts that oil well probing and production period use, no matter which kind of position and design all suffers burn into wearing and tearing and fatigue.For example, for offshore drilling and production, employed parts and equipment stand dynamic environment, and near surface and underground undercurrent can cause bending and/or rotation stress under this environment.In typical deep water offshore production, for example, standpipe is at the floating platform of sea level with extend between the submarine well head.Because well head is statically placed in the seabed, and standpipe peace platform or rig are active, thereby crooked and rotation stress can cause producing parts fatigue, produce parts comprise buoyant device, stress relieving joint, be used for ballast or tension force pipeline pad eye web member (pad-eye connections for ballastor tension line), stress joint, preventer (BOP), control well group spare, mud lifting subassembly (mud liftmodule), ballast weight (ballast weight) and other parts known in the art.These parts (web member, standpipe joint and the wellhead component that comprise the platform place) all may stand the stress and strain that the kinetic characteristic owing to maritime environment causes.
As being worn and torn, corrode and another examples of tired parts, the normal rod-drawn pump that uses in the reservoir hydrocarbons production process.This drowned pump is by the starting of walking-beam pumping unit (walking beam pumping unit) machinery, one end of walking-beam pumping unit is connected on the power supply, and the other end connects on a string steel pole (for example sucker rod), steel pole is interconnected to form the drill string that stretches in the well, and the other end of drill string is connected on the drowned pump.In the pumping process, the drill string that is made of bar moves back and forth or rotatablely moves, and this may cause drill string deflection.Sucker rod is owing to being worn and torn with the friction contact of production tubing inwall.Although fluid environment plays the effect of lubricant, still wear and tear in the sucker rod surface.In addition, the instrument that uses in the assembling process for example is used for the instrument that drill string is felt relieved, and may cause the wearing and tearing on bar surface.For producing the hydrocarbon well, fluid comprises and may have the dissolved salts of additional abrasive action and dissolution of minerals not to the bar surface.When wearing and tearing took place, the severe corrosive that the metal in the sucker rod is caused by downhole chemicals corroded.These bars also stand high circulation axial tension and may stand axial fatigue in its whole work-ing life.
Except the dynamic stress of above concise and to the point description, wearing and tearing stress and corrosion stress, the oil field parts also may stand the caused fatigue of High Temperature High Pressure that meets with in drilling well and the production process.Drilling process comprises the layer that penetrates various subsurface geologic structures or be called " stratum ".Sometimes, pit shaft is with the stratum of earth penetrating pressure pressure in the pit shaft.When this situation occurring, claim well " overflow ".The pressure of following overflow to occur raises and is normally caused by resident fluid (can be liquid, gas or their combination) inflow pit shaft.The higher overflow of pressure often spreads (from the high-pressure area to the area of low pressure) from the position that enters pit shaft to well head.Normal operating pressure and high pressurized overflow cause the oil field parts to stand extra fatigue.
In the past, the oil field parts that stand the fatigue loading condition are by single metal alloy manufacturing.Alloy commonly used generally is a low alloy steel, and low alloy steel is heat-treated processing to obtain to be suitable for the mechanical property of loading condiction.Using high strength, nickel based alloy to make these parts is unallowed usually with regard to cost.
Under many circumstances, these oil field parts may need to satisfy the standard of oil-gas field metal parts, for example stand various set of circumstances compounds, pH, temperature and H at metal 2Performance during the S dividing potential drop, the requirement that NACE international organization (predecessor is a NACE, National Association ofCorrosion Engineers) and Europe corrosion federation (European Federation of Corrosion) establish.For example, for the low alloy steel of quality adjustment condition, NACE MR0175 is restricted to Rockwell C 22 or Bu Shi 237 with the highest hardness of parts.
For most of low alloy steel, the maximum yield strength that can reach under NACE highest hardness restriction is about 80,000-90,000psi.Only a few low alloy steel can have the combination that realizes this yield strength and hardness on large-sized section thickness easy to use arbitrarily.For example, when section thickness during greater than four to six inches, a lot of low alloy steel can not reach required mechanical property by modified on its whole section thickness when thermal treatment.
Because the yield strength that may be subjected to relative material fatigue lifetime acts on the influence of the amount of stress of material, thus when applied stress surpass material yield intensity 50% the time many bill of material reveal the fatigue lifetime of lacking.Thereby, if parts are used for the defined fatigue loading condition as NACE MR0175, then can will allow that applied stress is restricted to 50 to 65ksi or following
If under this stress level fatigue failure takes place, the then measure that except the load that acts on parts by reduction reduces applied stress, does not have other to take.Because under the situation of the highest hardness value that is no more than the NACEMR0175 requirement, can not obviously improve the physical strength of alloy, be the unique scheme that to take before this so reduce applied stress.In addition, fatigue strength also depends on ductility.Because ductility and intensity are into the material property of inverse relationship, thereby provide fatigue property may not reach intended purposes by improving the strength of materials.
Fatigue failure is the phenomenon that the high tensile stress of material surface or next-door neighbour's material surface place causes.Thereby, adopt surface modification treatment, for example shot peening, by nitriding or carburized surface sclerosis and torch hardening or induction hardening (induction hardening) by making surface reservation residual compressive stress, improves the fatigue strength of material.Because crackle relatively was difficult to cause and/or expansion when parts had the residual stresses load, thereby the surperficial parts indefatigability that comprises residual compressive stress lost efficacy.
Although these surface modification treatment can help to reduce or eliminate fatigue failure, shot peening and nitriding are limited to the surface, and to reach the surface following greater than about 0.050 inch degree of depth and carburizing and flame or induction hardening can not improve material property usually.In addition, for equipment is used for acid-resistance gaseous corrosion or briny environment, these surface modifying methods may with the requiring inconsistent or deviate from the requirement of NACE MR0175 of NACE MR0175.For example, the hardness of surface or the generation of nearly surface may surpass the threshold value of sulfide or chloride stress cracking corrosion cracking.
As mentioned above, the life-span of oil field parts also may be subjected to corrosion as be exposed to H 2The influence of S.For many years, the parts of oil field instrument industry (oil tool industry) only carry out the covering clad can on ring groove, seal area and wetted surface, avoid the infringement of pit shaft liquid to matrix metal.For example, U.S. Patent No. 6,737,174 have disclosed the sucker rod that the surface is covered by copper alloy.In other covering clad can method, use corrosion resisting alloy (CRA) covering that thickness is generally 0.060 to 0.187 inch, for example nickel-base alloy 625 (being chromium ferronickel 625) is avoided corrosive attack with the protection matrix metal.Other CRA also can be used for these and uses, but the industrial basic unified CRA covering that uses alloy 625 to carry out petroleum tool equipment.Before this, except the intensity that guarantees clad material is equal to or greater than the intensity of matrix metal, do not give any concern to the intensity of clad material.
Expectation obtains the oil field component that prolong work-ing life, comprises and stands high temperature, corrosive fluid, high stress level and/or the fatigue loading condition parts of (comprising the circulating load condition).Thereby, the oil field parts that need under various extreme working conditions (comprising the fatigue loading condition), have the performance of improvement.
In the prior art, flashboard type and telescopic annular space BOP main body and auxiliary facility are made usually and are used for up to 15, the operating pressure of 000psi and the temperature up to 250.Use single through roughing and heat treated low alloy steel forging or use a plurality of low alloy steel forging that weld together through roughing, thermal treatment and technology to make these BOP main bodys.Foundry goods is the same with forging or only may to be used to be manufactured on the flashboard type BOP main body of using under this working conditions.
In the prior art, to can be by the integral type of F22 low alloy steel manufacturing single, double or three flashboard BOP main bodys are quenched and final tempering, to satisfy final material specification requirement.Perhaps, can make assembled BOP main body by welding together through quenching and final tempered modification 8630 low alloy steel parts.Then main body is machined as nearly end form, and uses erosion resistance alloy such as AISI 316 austenitic stainless steels or nickel-base alloy 625 on API ring shape groove, valve gap face (bonnet face), interior roof seal area and engineering drawing, to weld clad can in specified other zone.
After technology welding and/or clad can welding, according to routine, the grade of steel used according to manufacture component carries out postweld heat treatment (PWHT) to the BOP main body at a certain temperature.The purpose of PWHT mainly is the hardness of the heat affected zone of weld (HAZ) is reduced to highest hardness grade HRC 22 or the Bu Shi 237 that NACE MR0175 requires, to obtain resisting sulfide stress corrosion crack (SCC) performance.
Control welding regulation (controlling welding specification), ASME Section IX requires this PWHT to carry out under the temperature that is lower than the tempering temperature of matrix metal own.PWHT operation has often reduced the mechanical property of matrix metal, and has limited before the mechanical property levels of matrix metal is reduced to below the required matrix metal minimum requirements of parts particular B OP main body and can weld time with postweld heat treatment.After having carried out the PWHT operation, be final spatial configuration with main body precision work.
Describe in detail as this paper, can change existing manufacturing process, with the face of land or the heavily stressed zone of near surface in the covering BOP main body of using high strength, age hardening, erosion resistance alloy CRA selective reinforcement integral type main body.This change can allow to be manufactured on to be higher than 15, the BOP main body of using under the operating pressure of 000psi and the working temperature more than 350.
Yet as mentioned above, under the situation that adopts existing manufacture method, the PWHT temperature is enough to obtain desired maximum HAZ hardness value, but the PWHT temperature is low excessively for age hardening CRA facing material obtains desired mechanical property.If the rising PWHT temperature for the mechanical property that reaches the CRA facing material, then the PWHT temperature may equal or exceed the tempering temperature of the F22 base material of BOP main body, and this is that ASME Section IX institute is unallowed.
For example, be chromium ferronickel 725 and base material when being F22 low alloy steel when being used for the deposited CRA filler metal of covering clad can welding, the F22 steel must carried out postweld heat treatment under the minimum temperature of 1150 (621 ℃) 4 to 8 hours or more than.Pair cross-section thickness carries out modified at the F22 low alloy steel more than 8 inches, to reach 85, the SMYS of 000psi.For reaching described SMYS, need went through 8 to 10 hours under the tempering temperature of 1150 to 1250 (621 ℃ to 677 ℃) or more than.Yet, because chromium ferronickel 725 be aged hardened alloy, thereby be about 120 in order to reach SMYS, the mechanical property of 000psi, chromium ferronickel 725 must be the shortest 8 to 24 hours in 12 (649 ℃) time timeliness.Tempering temperature that all these are different and time, PWHT temperature and time and age hardening temperature and time may conflict mutually.
If matrix metal is quenched and final tempering according to routine as mentioned above, then the age hardening temperature and time of chromium ferronickel 725 will make the further tempering of F22 matrix metal, and the mechanical property of F22 matrix metal is reduced to below the minimum regulatory requirement.If as mentioned above chromium ferronickel 725 welding line joints on the F22 are carried out PWHT, then can satisfy maximum HAZ hardness and keep the mechanical property of F22, but chromium ferronickel 725 welding metals may not reach mechanical property required in clad can.
Summary of the invention
On the one hand, the present invention relates to comprise the oil field member manufacturing method of base material and clad material age-hardenable.This method can comprise makes the oil field parts go through the final tempering of seclected time so that base material tempering and make the clad material age hardening under chosen temperature.
On the other hand, the present invention relates to the main body of ram-type preventer, this main body comprises the upright opening that passes main body, pass the lateral aperture that main body and upright opening intersect, wherein this main body is optionally strengthened with clad material, and this main body forms by such method, this method is included in selected time and the final tempering of chosen temperature, so that base material tempering and make the clad material age hardening.
On the other hand, the oil field member manufacturing method comprises uses clad material selective reinforcement base material age-hardenable, and heat packs layer material optionally, so that clad material age hardening and make base material keep below its tempering temperature.
From the following description and the appended claims, others and advantage will be apparent.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the flange neck of reinforcement according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the skeleton diagram of the method for oil field constructed in accordance parts.
Embodiment
On the one hand, the present invention relates to make or strengthen the method for oil field parts.On the other hand, the present invention relates to thermal treatment, to reduce or eliminate stress and/or fatigue failure through the oil field of selective reinforcement parts.
As used herein, " oil field parts " are meant flange, valve gap, spool, stress joint, preventer, sucker rod, subsea well assembly, valve (as throttling valve), reach drilling well and production of hydrocarbons miscellaneous equipment and parts commonly used.Although it should be recognized by those skilled in the art that not concrete the disclosure or detailed description, the present invention also can be applicable to other oil field parts.
Parts design and analysis
In transportation, installation and working process, the oil field parts stand the stress and strain based on the fatigue loading condition, and wherein most of fatigue loading conditions can continuous, semicontinuous or circulation appearance.Loading condiction can comprise thermal load, pressure load or mechanical load.For example, when pit shaft hotter (for example 300) and when being arranged in 10,000 feet 32 the water thermal load may appear.Pressure load may be pressed by interior (pit shaft) that outwards act on the oil field parts and be caused or caused by inside hydrostatic (for example under water) external pressure.In addition, mechanical load may comprise fastening preloading, axial tension and compression load, the bending moment of valve gap and flange bolt.Thereby, loading condiction can comprise interior pressure, external pressure, axial tension, axial compression, longitudinal stretching, vertically compression, axially bending moment, vertically bending moment, promote at least a in stretching and deflection, temperature limitation and other load condition.The intensity that acts on the local stress state of equipment under these loading condictions can have remarkable influence to the cycle life of equipment.Can improve the design and/or the performance of oil field parts to the performance analysis of the oil field parts that stand various fatigue loading conditions, thereby prolong the work-ing life of oil field parts.
Finite element analysis (FEA) is to too complicated and the structural part of analytical that can not be by strictness or the effective and powerful method that the stress and strain in the parts is analyzed.Adopt these methods, structural part or parts are decomposed into a large amount of junior units (a limited number of unit) of all kinds, size and dimension.Suppose that described unit has the deformation pattern of simplification (linear, two inferior) and locates to connect at " node " that be positioned on described unitary angle or the limit usually.Then, the ultimate principle of utilization theory of structures, promptly the continuity of equilibrium of forces and load obtains large-scale simultaneous equations systems (grid), comes mathematics to assemble described unit.
Can be by means of this large-scale simultaneous equations system of computer solving, obtain the deformed shape of structural part under the load effect or parts.Can be based on this computed stress and strain.The appropriate software of carrying out this FEA comprise ABAQUS (can be available from ABAQUS, Inc.), MARC (can available from MSC SoftwareCorporation) and ANSYS (can be available from ANSYS, Inc.) etc.Can adopt the finite element of arbitrary shape known in the art.Yet, may be comparatively favourable during usually highly stable and the heavily stressed and strain in simulation model of hexagonal cells.
Can adopt the oil field parts design and/or the model of simplification, to help the analysis of oil field parts.For example, can simplify the analysis that the stress and strain of this design is concentrated by " smoothing " complicated parts design.As used herein, term " smoothing " is meant that the complex geometry of simplified design is to be used for the whole bag of tricks of FEA.For example, can improve interior angle and attempt reducing or eliminate its radius, to simplify the model that makes up subsequently.These methods can allow the analysis of the level and smooth model FEA model of sawtooth design structure (promptly by) to be associated with definite result and converge on this to determine result (impossible when analyzing without the model of smoothing).Thereby, can analyze the model of constructing by FEA by sawtooth design, determine integral body or volumetric strain state.The analysis volume strain be can pass through, the performance and the contingent inefficacy of oil field parts under the various fatigue loading conditions predicted.
The purpose of FEA may be to isolate heavily stressed or strain is regional and the zone of determining to be tending towards to reduce cycle life.The resulting The results of performance of analyzing various fatigue loading condition lower member can be used for determining the zone of standing fatigue failure in the parts of oil field.In case determine to stand the zone of fatigue failure, can redesign these zones, perhaps can mark these zones and carry out metallurgical processing, for example subsequently with the selective reinforcement that is described.
Should determine that load condition that parts are possible or fatigue loading condition are with input FEA.As mentioned above, described load condition or fatigue loading condition can comprise service pressure, high pressurized overflow, promote stretching and deflection, temperature limitation and other load condition.The data of fatigue loading condition should comprise the frequency of representative value or desired value and maximum and/or minimum value and these load variations, can carry out complete analysis.
Also should be identified for forming the performance of the base material of oil field parts, thereby determine maximum permissible stress peak value (SB peak value).Can determine material property by empirical experiment, perhaps alternatively, can provide material property by the performance data that is purchased material.For example, can determine described value based on the test in place that under the NACE environment (be NACE international organization establish at the oil-gas field equipment test environment) carries out, stress should satisfy that cycle life requires and the stress when sulfide-stress cracking takes place.
More specifically, can determine the tensile property of base material.The tensile strength of material is stress (stretching) maximum value that material may stand before losing efficacy.When stress during in material, the material production strain is to adapt to this stress.In case stress is excessive for this material, then this material can not produce strain again, thereby loses efficacy.The failpoint of material is called ultimate tensile strength.
Then, can adopt method, utilize loading condiction and material property that the oil field parts are analyzed based on FEA.Should think that all arrangements of design and working load generate the complete analysis result of parts.Also should use the suitable bolt preloading and the material property data that reduce rated value according to temperature.
The model (being the grid of simultaneous equations) that generates the oil field parts is to be used for finite element analysis.Can generate parts three-dimensional model with specific design feature.Can select these DESIGNED FEATURE to produce the specific performance properties feature.Thereby generation model also can comprise the steps: the design that the input block design is imported with generation model and smoothing.Various smoothing methods can be applied to design analyzes to simplify FEA.Can pass through computer aided design (CAD) (CAD) routine package (for example available from Autodesk, Inc. AutoCAD and available from the Pro/Engineer of Parametric Technology Corporation) according to the design generation model, and with this model input FEA routine package.Alternatively, can pass through the generation model of FEA routine package (for example ABAQUS and PATRAN) own.
Then, can adopt model to pass through the loading condiction of FEA dummy activity in parts.Preferably, these simulation fatigue loading conditions reflect load condition or the stress that oil field parts may stand when normal the use.In addition, after the fatigue loading condition that acts on model is simulated, can analyze the stress curve figure under the described loading condiction, this stress curve illustrates stress and the distortion that occurs in the partial model of oil field.Stress curve figure can determine and be illustrated in position and the size that occurs stress under the simulation loading condiction that acts on the oil field parts in the partial model of oil field.
Can analyze and estimate stress curve figure to determine the performance and the feature of model.If further improved model then can generate alternate model or regenerate (improvement) current model.Be able to further simulation model thus, to determine further improvement or the modeling performance of model afterwards by FEA.In addition, if think that model can be accepted and satisfy any and/or all specific criterias, then can as described below this model be used to make the oil field parts.
Selective reinforcement
The zone that the purpose of numerical method (for example FEA analyze) comprises is definite, stand fatigue failure in isolation and the outstanding oil field parts.For example, can determine to cause the stressed condition of early failure under the NACE environment.FEA result can be used for generating the stress and strain graphic representation, determines to stand in the parts zone of fatigue failure.
When making the oil field parts, can improve determined zone of standing fatigue failure.For example, can in spatial image or drawing, mark described zone, indicate the degree of depth and the lateral extent (length and width) of the high stress areas that stands fatigue failure.Can draw skeleton diagram, length, width and the degree of depth in local stress zone is shown.For example, the surface location in tired zone can be transferred on the suitable fabrication drawing.Then, can utilize and the higher material of base material metallurgy bonded intensity the determined tired zone of selective reinforcement.
The higher material of intensity can comprise that other low alloy steel or intensity and/or erosion resistance are higher than the Medium Alloy Steel of low alloy steel matrix metal, and can tolerate applied stress under the lower situation of applied stress and yield strength.The applied stress of the material that reduction intensity is higher can reduce the trend that applied stress causes fatigue cracking, fatigue crack growth and final fatigue failure with the ratio of yield strength.For example, high-strength alloy such as alloy 625 can be used for replacing the low-alloy matrix metal and combine with the low-alloy matrix metal.The selection that can replace the segment thickness of matrix metal to reach 0.500 inch or above clad alloy can be made with the ratio of yield strength based on the applied stress of the used alloy of covering.
In some embodiments, can utilize embedded covering (inlay clad) optionally to strengthen base material.In other embodiments, can utilize clad can covering (overlay clad) optionally to strengthen base material.Can utilize pressure, heat, welding, soldering, roll bond, blast combination, welding clad can (weld overlaying), wallpaper or their combination, in conjunction with covering inlay or clad can and base material.In some embodiments, can use electric arc process such as submerged arc welding (SAW) method or tungsten inert gas (TIG) protection welding process, in conjunction with covering and base material.In other embodiments, can use the arbitrary combination of electric-arc welding cladding technique, hot isostatic pressing cladding technique (HIP cladding technique), self-tightening cladding technique, laser cladding method or these methods, in conjunction with covering and base material.In some embodiments, can use one or more coverings, for example have single covering, the double clad (having 3 layers) of two-layer (base material and covering) or reach 7 layers or more multi-layered covering.
In some embodiments, can utilize the covering inlay optionally to strengthen base material.In various embodiments, but recess that covering inlay shrink on fit or pressure fitted cut in the article body of oil field and seam weldering/seal welding are in suitable position.In other embodiments, can determine the shape of covering inlay according to FEA stress curve figure.
The thickness of covering inlay or clad can or mean thickness in some embodiments can be up to 0.625 inch or more than.The mean thickness of covering inlay can be about 0.010 inch to about 0.625 inch in some embodiments, in some other embodiment, can be about 0.050 inch to about 0.500 inch, can be about 0.125 inch to about 0.375 inch in some embodiments again.
In other embodiments, pressure fitted or the shrink on fit parts of being made by high-strength alloy can use in conjunction with the oil field parts.For example, in solid parts (for example flange, valve gap, the valve body etc.) pressure fitted that will make by high-strength alloy (for example the chromium ferronickel 725) or shrink on fit after main body, can be with described solid parts seal welding in the low strength matrix.
In other embodiments, can utilize with the higher material of base material metallurgy bonded intensity and replace matrix metal in the determined tired zone.For example, can polish or the machining area of high stress in matrix metal and utilize with the higher material of base material metallurgy bonded intensity and replace matrix metal in the area of high stress.
In some embodiments, selective reinforcement is the covering clad can of the higher material of intensity on base material.In other embodiments, selective reinforcement can be the higher material of intensity in base material polishing or the covering clad can in the machining recess.
The selection of clad alloy can and strengthen it based on the corrosion resistance (comprising stress corrosion crack) of clad alloy and use and the ability (for example by combining with low-alloy matrix metallurgy) of the physical strength of the oil field parts part that is intended to protect.In typical clad can, for example, the intensity of expectation clad material equals the intensity of its matrix metal of using at least.That is, expectation hardfacing alloy (as alloy 625) mates with the yield strength of low alloy steel matrix metal (for example yield strength is 75, the low alloy steel of 000psi).Can use the covering that the higher material of intensity constitutes, the thickness of this covering covers the local stress in this higher-strength covering, thereby forms NACE or the intensity of other standard and satisfied design simultaneously and the oil field parts that fatigue requires that satisfy oil-gas field parts and equipment.
In some embodiments, base material can be a F22 low alloy steel, and this steel contains have an appointment 2 weight % chromium and 1 weight % molybdenum.Alternatively, base material can be 4130 or 8630 modification low alloy steel (modified low-alloy steel).One skilled in the art will appreciate that and also can use other material as base material with suitable erosion resistance, hardness and tensile property of being applicable to oil and gas environments.
In some embodiments, covering clad can or inlay can be formed by high-yield strength precipitation hardening erosion resistance alloy such as chromium ferronickel 725 or chromium ferronickel 725NDUR.In other embodiments, covering clad can or inlay can be formed by high-yield strength precipitation hardening corrosion resisting alloy such as alloy 718 or chromium ferronickel 718SPF.In other embodiments, covering clad can or inlay can be formed by other precipitation hardening corrosion resisting alloy such as 17-4PH, chromium ferronickel 625 or heat-resisting nickel chromium iron 925.One skilled in the art will appreciate that other high-strength corrosion-resisting material also can be used as covering.Preferably, clad material and base material are compatible and be precipitation hardening alloy.
The alloy that can obtain welding wire, powder or belt filler metal form is used as covering to weld covering, and the alloy that also can obtain powder type is operated to be used for the HIP covering as covering.Also can obtain to can be used for the alloy of other form of self-tightening covering operation.
In case selected the combination of cladding technique or multiple cladding technique, can determine the minimum thickness and the position of covering according to FEA stress distribution result.The desired thickness of covering or the degree of depth can be according to the combinations that forms between the alloy that is used to form covering, covering and the base material, be derived from the clad material dilution that is used in conjunction with the technology of clad material and base material changes.In case determined to stand the value and the position in the zone of fatigue failure, can select clad alloy.May need not to coat the whole oil filed parts.Particularly, only the part of parts needs covering.In addition, can arrange obviously less cladding thickness, thereby prevent the zonal corrosion that contacts with wellbore fluids in the lower regioselectivity of stress.
For example, refer now to Fig. 1, show through strengthening to control the synoptic diagram of tired flange neck.Container body 10 is connected with integral type flange 12 by flange neck 14.The caused fatigue loading condition of interior pressure that the parts that flange neck 14 may stand to be connected with flange 12 move, the fluid extrapolation in the bolt tensioning in bolt hole 16, hole 18 acts on container body 10, and other loading condiction.The external diameter surface 20 of flange neck 14 and often stand high fatigue loading condition from the inside diameter surface 22 that flange neck 14 passes the container 10 that wall thickness arrives, and can use covering inlay or covering clad can 24,26 selective reinforcements by aforesaid method.For example, the flange neck that stands the fatigue loading condition is to be used for the flashboard type of subsea wellhead assembly and the lower flange on the annular blowout preventer main body.Flashboard type in the assembly and annular blowout preventer main body stand great reversed bending load, cause flexural fatigue situation serious on the flange neck thus.Selective reinforcement can additionally give the zone of standing the fatigue loading condition bigger stress-corrosion-cracking resistance.
Again for example, alternative drilling well or the production riser stress joint strengthened is to reduce or eliminate fatigue failure.Before this, this stress joint is by the high strength titanium alloy manufacturing, because the modulus of titanium alloy is starkly lower than low alloy steel, thereby compares titanium alloy with low alloy steel and can tolerate bigger amount of deflection.Yet titanium part is very expensive and do not possess " fatigue strength " characteristic.Steel part shows fatigue strength, can not lose efficacy with lower member at this fatigue strength, and irrelevant, but titanium part is ultimate failure with cycle index, and irrelevant with the size of circulating load.Thereby by selective reinforcement low alloy steel, the material that possible use cost is lower produces and can tolerate stress joint crooked and the deflection longer time (promptly more circulations).
Again for example, the alternative sucker rod that stands high circulation axial fatigue and other parts of strengthening rod-drawn pump are to reduce or eliminate fatigue failure.For example on the OD surface of sucker rod, use the high strength upper layer also can prolong the work-ing life of this base part.In addition, the high-strength corrosion-resisting material may reduce the random corrosion fatigue effect that environment for use produces.
Again for example, the alternative valve body of strengthening is to reduce or eliminate fatigue failure, to reduce or eliminate burn into and/or make in more economical mode.For some valves (for example throttling valve), selective reinforcement also can reduce or eliminate the erosion that throttling valve downstream (being a low pressure) side flow at high speed causes.
Again for example, except that the flange neck, the preventer main body also may stand tired and can carry out selective reinforcement to reduce or eliminate fatigue failure.As mentioned above, preventer may be influenced by high pressurized overflow with restriction equipment is installed.Preventer has several, and wherein modal is ram-type preventer and annular blowout preventer (comprising spherical blow-out preventer).For example made the ram-type preventer of various pore diameter ranges at present, these ram-type preventers can have 2,000 to 15, the working pressure range of 000psi.Yet, may be under more high pressure and higher temperature condition (greater than 15,000psi and greater than 250 °F) use ram-type preventer.Particularly, may need rated operating pressure is 20,000psi, 25,000psi and more high pressure and working temperature up to 350 °F or higher ram-type preventer.For example, be called the U.S. Patent application No.11/528 of " Reinforcement of IrregularPressure Vessels " referring to the name of Huff that submitted on September 28th, 2006 and Khandoker, 873, be incorporated herein it in full as a reference.The above-mentioned FEA result of the preventer that uses under high temperature and/or condition of high voltage shows, to the selective reinforcement of preventer different sites such as current regulator and kill-job groove (kill pocket) preventer can be used under higher temperature and pressure.
That the purpose of above-mentioned numerical method (FEA analysis) comprises is definite, be in the zone of high-stress state or peak stress (SB peak value) state in isolation and the outstanding BOP equipment.For example, can determine to cause the stressed condition of early failure under the NACE environment.The FEA result of BOP can be used for generating the stress and strain graphic representation, determines the zone of high stress concentrations in the container.
In addition, the throat section thickness (critical section thickness) that the stress and strain graphic representation can be used for limiting foundry goods that the oil field parts use or forging (CST), to determine the proper heat treatment time under chosen temperature exactly.Throat section thickness is defined as the maximum ga(u)ge that must in whole thickness range, have the parts of some minimum mechanical property.For example, the stress of pressurized vessel or BOP is little, the part of wall thickness may not need have 80 in its whole thickness range, the yield strength of 000psi, but thin part may have 80, the yield strength of 000psi in the whole thickness range of this part; In this example, thin part can have CST.Total heat treatment time can comprise and adding and together very first time (in minute/inch CST) and second time (in hour).For the purpose of this paper, will be called " pressurize " time (" dwell " time) very first time, second time was called " immersion " time (" soak " time).For example, typical conventional heat treatment time can comprise the dwell time of 30 minutes/inch CST and 1 hour soak time.In this example, CST is forging that 10 inches oil field parts the use heat treatment time that needs 6 hours under chosen temperature (i.e. 10 inches * 30 minutes/inch dwell time+1 hour soak time).
In addition, the stress and strain graphic representation can be used for isolating the zone that stress exceeds the selected per-cent of base material yield strength.For example, particularly, for the alloy as base material, NACE requirement (as described below) may not be satisfied in the zone that surpasses yield strength 80%, may not provide enough engineering safety coefficients when perhaps for example working under the particular combinations of interior pressure and temperature in application-specific.For example, the zone that stress may exceed the selected per-cent of base material yield strength among the BOP comprises near BOP groove and the BOP endoporus (cross section of upright opening, lateral aperture, upright opening and lateral aperture) bottom tub (seat pocket), the valve gap.These stress and strain graphic representations also can be used for calculating the degree of depth of the high stress areas that exceeds the selected per-cent of base material yield strength.
When making BOP, can improve determined high stress areas.For example, described zone be can in spatial image or drawing, mark, the degree of depth and the lateral extent (length and width) that surpass the high stress areas of allowing the SB peak stress indicated.Can draw skeleton diagram, length, width and the degree of depth in the local stress zone that exceeds the selected per-cent of base material yield strength is shown.For example, the surface location in peak stress district can be transferred on the suitable fabrication drawing.Then, can utilize the higher material selectivity of intensity to strengthen determined high stress areas.In some embodiments, the higher strengthening material of this intensity can combine with base material metallurgy.
Sclerosis
The oil field parts of selective reinforcement, comprise flange neck, preventer, sucker rod and other parts, particularly be exposed to those of corrosive fluid, may need to satisfy the standard of oil-gas field metal parts, for example stand various set of circumstances compounds, pH, temperature and H at metal 2Performance during the S dividing potential drop, the requirement (comprising NACE MR0175, NACETM0177 and NACE TM0284) that NACE international organization (predecessor is National Association of Corrosion Engineers) and European Federation of Corrosion establish.For example, for the low alloy steel of quality adjustment condition, NACEMR0175 is restricted to Rockwell C 22 or Bu Shi 237 with the highest hardness of parts.Except reaching the desired yield strength in selective reinforcement zone, also must satisfy these hardness restrictions.
Yet satisfying the hardness restriction when reaching required yield strength may change present manufacture method by needs.The postweld heat treatment temperature and time may conflict mutually with the age hardening temperature and time.For example, under the situation of using corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy selective reinforcement low alloy steel base material, the postweld heat treatment temperature may be enough to reach the desired highest hardness value in heat affected zone in the covering clad can welding process, but the PWHT temperature may be low excessively for age hardening CRA facing material is obtained for the desired mechanical property.
For overcoming the temperature and time requirement of these antagonism, develop the method for making selective reinforcement oil field parts, so that optionally strengthening the material of base material, base material and being used for obtains required performance.In one approach, foundry goods, forging or the hot isostatic pressing rolled-up stock of the use of oil field parts can be by the base material manufacturings that includes but not limited to low alloy steel.Suitable low alloy steel can include but not limited to modification 4130,8630 and F22.
Then base material is carried out normalizing.For example, F22 low alloy steel forging can add 1 hour in 30 minutes/inch thickness of 1750 normalizings.If necessary, can be required structure also then with foundry goods, forging or the roughing of hot isostatic pressing rolled-up stock.
After the normalizing, can quench and prompt tempering (Q﹠amp to foundry goods, forging or hot isostatic pressing rolled-up stock; ST) to prevent cracking.As used herein, " prompt tempering " is meant slight softening alloy and reduces the middle low-temperature heat treatment of cracking (particularly so-called autoclasis) probability.For example, the parts of being made by F22 can reach 900-1000 Q﹠amp; ST goes through the dwell time of about 30 minutes/inch CST and 1 hour soak time.Randomly, can after prompt tempering, carry out above-mentioned roughing.Forging, casting and pressed part may be crisp especially, and the prompt tempering after quenching can allow them to be used, to transport and/or further machining and can not ftractureing.
Usually, in conventional way, can carry out complete thermal treatment to foundry goods, forging and the rolled-up stock that the oil field parts use by normalizing, austenitizing, solution annealing, tempering, age hardening, thermal treatment and other method known in the art, with embedded or outside reach required final material property before covering the CRA material.For example, according to conventional way, low alloy steel for example 4130,8630 or the BOP main body made of F22 on for example flange web member on the ring liner groove in the embedded CRA material of welding for example before the chromium ferronickel 625, this BOP main body is carried out complete thermal treatment and machining at least in part.In conventional way, this embedded BOP main body is carried out stress relieving (i.e. annealing) being lower than under a certain temperature of base material tempering temperature then, to guarantee to keep the yield strength of base material.
According to this paper, use in the oil field equipment through Q﹠amp; The foundry goods of ST, forging and rolled-up stock can not have to carry out under the situation of complete tempering precision work and use clad material to carry out selective reinforcement (as mentioned above).In case, can carry out precision work (if necessary) to reach final geometrical shape to clad material through selective reinforcement.In addition, after selective reinforcement, the oil field parts can experience the independent step of thermal treatment that this paper is called " final tempering " in the selected time under chosen temperature.In one embodiment, Xuan Ding time is between the required time of required time of base material complete tempering and clad material age hardening.In addition, selected final tempering can realize one or more in following: (a) reach the required mechanical property of base material, (b) postweld heat treatment of the heat affected zone of weld seam and (c) age hardening of clad material (being also referred to as " precipitation hardening ") between base material and the clad material.
In another embodiment,, can further strengthen clad material by " additional heat treatment " by after optionally final tempering is carried out in heating.For example, can use ceramic electric heating blanket known in the art to make clad material " additional timeliness ".In the exemplary of the additional timeliness of clad material, use ceramic electric heating blanket heat packs layer material surface, make and between clad material and base material, set up thermograde, thereby make the temperature of base material always be lower than final tempering temperature (perhaps, particularly, than low about 50-100 of final tempering temperature).
In another embodiment, clad material age-hardenable can be used for the selective reinforcement (as mentioned above) of conventional quenching and final tempering oil field parts, can make covering " additional timeliness " then as mentioned above and not influence " finally " tempering.
In some embodiments, the relation between the age hardening temperature of the tempering temperature of base material and clad material has promoted final drawing process.In some embodiments, the base material aging temp that can have with clad material differs 100 °F with interior tempering temperature.In other embodiments, described two temperature can be separated by 75 °F or 50 °F.
Thereby, in some embodiments, required tempering circulation and required age hardening both required times that circulate make that they are consistent on total final tempering time (dwell time adds soak time), thereby reach base material and the desired performance of covering.In other embodiments, tempering circulation and age hardening both required times that circulate make total final tempering time between required tempering time and required age hardening time, thereby can reach base material and the desired performance of clad material.
As mentioned above, final tempering can realize base material and the required performance of clad material.In some embodiments, final tempering can make base material reach the yield strength of 80ksi to 95ksi.In other embodiments, finally tempering can make clad material reach the yield strength of 115ksi at least.In other embodiments, the final tempering highest hardness that can produce base material is the oil field parts of HRC 22 or Bu Shi 237.In selected embodiment, each parts all satisfies these performances.
Final tempering temperature in some embodiments can be between about 1200 °F to about 1300 °F, in other embodiments can be between about 1225 °F to 1300 °F, can be between 1215 °F to 1225 °F in some embodiments again, in some embodiments, final tempering temperature can be greater than the postweld heat treatment temperature of base material.
In some embodiments, the final tempering time of selective reinforcement oil field parts can add 1 to 2 hour " immersion " time for 30 to 60 minutes/inch CST " pressurize " time.In other embodiments, the final tempering time of selective reinforcement parts can add 1 to 2 hour " immersion " time for 30 to 45 minutes/inch CST " pressurize " time.In some embodiments again, final tempering time can add about 1 hour " immersion " time for 38 to 42 minutes/inch CST " pressurize " time.
As mentioned above, the present invention can provide the method for making selective reinforcement oil field parts.The oil field parts can comprise the base material that uses the clad material selective reinforcement, and this method can be included in the selected time and temperature is carried out final tempering to the oil field parts, so that base material tempering and make the clad material age hardening.
Refer now to Fig. 2, show the skeleton diagram of the method for selective reinforcement constructed in accordance oil field parts.Manufacture method 50 can be included as the step 52 that the oil field parts provide base material.One skilled in the art will appreciate that the step 52 that base material is provided can include but not limited to the forging of base material or the normalizing of casting, hot isostatic pressing, roughing and base material.Then, manufacture method 50 can comprise the quenching and the prompt tempering (Q﹠amp of treated base material; ST) 56.After prompt tempering 56, can use clad material that base material is carried out selective reinforcement 58.Selective reinforcement 58 for example can comprise the embedded base material of use corrosion resisting alloy, and wherein corrosion resisting alloy can have the intensity that is higher than base material.After selective reinforcement 58, oil field parts (being base material and clad material) can experience final tempering 60.Final tempering 60 can be included in the selected time and temperature is carried out final tempering to the oil field parts, so that base material tempering and make the clad material age hardening.
Exemplary
Can be according to the present invention the above-mentioned existing manufacture method of following improvement.Can be according to forging main body with roughing flashboard type BOP with at present identical mode, but will improve the thermal treatment of roughing BOP main body.Identical with the measure of taking at present, also will under suitable temperature, carry out normalizing and austenitizing and carry out liquid hardening main body.After finishing liquid hardening, change tempering temperature, reduce to lower value, carry out " fast " tempering or middle low-temperaturetempering.As previously mentioned, prompt tempering purpose is to prevent the autoclasis during until final tempering in the course of processing of low alloy steel material through quenching.
Acquisition is behind roughing and the heat treated forging of prompt tempering, and the BOP main body can prepare to weld clad can.Can carry out those zones that the clad can welding is determined by above-mentioned stress distribution with selective reinforcement to the BOP main body then, can be to engineering drawing with described zone-transfer.After all welding was finished, the tempering stove of the BOP main body can being packed into was with the associating thermal treatment of the welding line joint that carries out final tempering and low alloy steel matrix upper sheathing clad material.
Final tempering is made of the tempering of matrix metal, to reach the desired matrix metal mechanical property of material specification.The HAZ that tempering also can be welding line joint provides PWHT, and this is because tempering/aging temp is higher than base material/CRA welding line joint PWHT temperature commonly used.At last, tempering can be played the heat treated effect of age hardening to high strength CRA clad can filler metal.
This final drawing process is feasible, and this is because for example can be much at one at the aging temp of suitably selecting and handle the tempering temperature of situation lower substrate metal of base material and CRA clad can and CRA facing material.Tempering circulation and age hardening both required times of circulating make them can reach balance and obtain two kinds of desired performances of material.
Can use qualification test sample QTC independently to determine the mechanical property of alloy, can be independent of parts itself this sample is heat-treated, condition is to produce the concrete standard that the parts of industry formulate sample is heat-treated at being used for petroleum prospecting according to API.For example, for checking BOP main body meets material performance requirement, can make two qualification test sample QTC by the same stove steel of making the BOP main body.Can adopt identical circulating temperature and time with the main body forging while or be independent of the main body forging and carry out normalizing, austenitizing, liquid hardening and tempering by two qualification test sample QTC of the same stove low alloy steel manufacturing of forging main body.One of them QTC can obtain to carry out tempering under the required temperature and time of the desired mechanical property of material specification.Another QTC can carry out final tempering with selective reinforcement BOP.These QTC can be delivered to the mechanical experiment chamber then, carry out mechanicl test, meet specific requirement to guarantee base material and clad material.
By this way the BOP main body is carried out final tempering and can allow base material and clad material to satisfy required performance, comprise that yield strength, hardness and/or NACE are to the stress corrosion dehiscence resistant performance demands.In addition, the CRA inlay should have better axially anti-or flexural fatigue failure performance and help to reduce axially or flexural fatigue lost efficacy.
For example, as mentioned above, can be according to manufacture manufacturing and the processing F22 forging or the foundry goods of routine.But can improve thermal treatment.Normalizing and austenitizing temperature circulation and time and liquid hardening can remain unchanged.Tempering temperature can be become 900 °F (482 ℃) to 1100 °F (593 ℃), time of going through under this temperature is shortened or remain unchanged.Can use the forged BOP main body of chromium ferronickel 725 or other aged hardened alloy or CRA selective reinforcement then.
In case finish welding operation, the heat treatment furnace of the BOP main body of selective reinforcement can being packed into, to carry out final tempering (can be associating tempering, timeliness and PWHT), thereby make the HAZ stress relieving of F22 matrix metal, make the age hardening of chromium ferronickel 725CRA welding metal inlay, reach the mechanical property of F22 forging.Also can use other aged hardened alloy and/or CRA for example chromium ferronickel 718SPF (alloy 718) be used for this application as filler metal.Can determine and confirm the temperature and time of final tempering (associating tempering/PWHT/ age hardening thermal treatment) according to the qualified record of soldering (PQR) according to soldering regulation (WPS).After finishing final tempering, the QTC through same treatment can be delivered to the metallurgy laboratory, determine also with the mechanical property of determining material whether the mechanical property of material satisfies the requirement of material specification.
Because PWHT and tempering circulation can be carried out simultaneously with the age hardening of covering inlay metal, thereby any loss that may occur when after the tempering of low alloy steel matrix metal, not carrying out PWHT separately of the mechanical property of matrix metal.
In exemplary, flashboard type BOP main body forging is made by the F22 alloy.Rough forge spare is carried out normalizing in 1750 °F, go through " pressurize " time of 30 minutes/inch CST and 1 hour " immersion " time.Carry out shrend then and add 1 hour in 30 minutes/inch CST of 900 prompt temperings.
Randomly, to carrying out roughing, for example " weldering neck " carried out roughing so that flange is welded on the BOP main body then through the flashboard type BOP main body of quenching and prompt tempering.Randomly, then various annexes such as flange web member or anchor clamps are welded on Q﹠amp; On the ST main body, these annexes can be preferably equally by Q﹠amp; ST F22 alloy constitutes.Then to Q﹠amp; The ST main body is carried out precision work and is used the zone that chromium ferronickel 725 is embedded in to be needed selective reinforcement and/or improve erosion resistance.Randomly, further process embedded zone.At last, the precision work main body with embedded reinforcement body is gone through " pressurize " time of about 40 to 42 minutes/inch CST and 1 hour " immersion " time in 1220 °F " final tempering ".After handling through this, the yield strength of F22 base material is about 85,000psi, and the yield strength of inlay chromium ferronickel 725 is greater than 115,000psi.In addition, final temper also plays the effect of eliminating unrelieved stress in the weldment heat affected zone, thereby need not additional PWHT.
In another exemplary, can make telescopic annular space BOP main body by modification 8630 annular forging pieces, described forging is through quenching and having gone through " pressurize " time of 30 minutes/inch throat sections and 1 hour " immersion " time in about 900 prompt temperings.Q﹠amp; The ST ring can be stacked and vertically carry out the completepenetration welding.Can be to Q﹠amp; The welding stacked body of ST ring carries out machining and uses INCONEL 725 welding inlay materials to carry out selective reinforcement, then in about 1260 final tempering, goes through dwell time and the about 1 hour soak time of about 30 to 45 minutes/inch CST.
Embodiment that the application discloses and method can advantageously generate and analyze the oil field partial model by FEA, adopt stress and/or fatigue analysis, to determine the response in the fatigue loading condition lower member that is characterised in that a large amount of stress.Can utilize resulting analytical results to improve the parts design, improve the performance of parts under the fatigue loading condition then.
Advantageously, the present invention can provide based on ASME Section-VIII Div-3 or similar high-voltage high-temperature equipment principle of design and set up the method for whole oil filed parts design.Parts can satisfy NACE peak stress and cycle life requirement.The oil field parts that method that the application discloses and embodiment can provide working life to prolong.For example, but the oil field parts under the simulation fatigue loading conditions such as modeling is compressed repeatedly, bending, to determine to prolong the DESIGNED FEATURE of oil field parts working life.
Advantageously, the present invention can provide the method for making the oil field parts, compares with solid high strength and corrosion resistant alloy or other metal manufacture component of attempting by satisfying the NACEMR0175 requirement, and this method cost is lower.In view of the physical strength apart from the main body at 0.250 to 0.500 inch place of wellbore fluids wetted surface below the covering may be starkly lower than the desired physical strength in local stress district that stands fatigue failure, particularly like this.Other embodiment can be strengthened existing parts design, thereby can be applicable to the high strength material selective reinforcement oil field parts of oil and gas environments by use, deals with sulfide-stress cracking or the limiting condition relevant with corrosion.
The selection of clad alloy can be mainly according to the high mechanical strength of covering and can be according to the metallurgy combination that reaches between covering and the matrix.The additional contribution of covering may be the erosion resistance that clad alloy is given the oil field parts.Another contribution of covering is that any cut or the cutter mouth of the internal surface of parts are difficult for extending to below the covering degree of depth, thereby makes covering be continued its sedimentary low alloy steel matrix of protection.Particularly, covering also will continue guard block in order to avoid the pitting that occurs finding in the oil field parts inner chamber of being everlasting.In addition, repair in the covering the cutter mouth may than repair in the low alloy steel matrix similar damage easily and cost lower.
On the other hand, the present invention can advantageously provide the method for making selective reinforcement oil field parts.This method can be included in the selected time and temperature is carried out final tempering to the oil field parts, so that base material tempering and be used in the clad material age hardening that forms selective reinforcement oil field parts.This method can advantageously realize the required performance of base material by this way, connect the postweld heat treatment of welding line joint of base material and clad material and the age hardening of clad material.
Although invention has been described at a limited number of embodiments, benefit from of the present invention one skilled in the art will appreciate that without departing from the present invention and can design other embodiment.Thereby scope of the present invention should only be subject to claims.

Claims (23)

1. method of making the oil field parts, these oil field parts comprise base material and clad material age-hardenable, this method comprises:
In selected time and the described oil field of the final tempering of chosen temperature parts, so that described base material tempering and make described clad material age hardening.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described chosen temperature is higher than the back welding heat treatment temp of described base material.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that described final tempering comprises:
Make described base material tempering, to have required mechanical property;
Welded heat affecting zone between described base material and the described clad material is heat-treated; And
Make described clad material age hardening.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that described base material comprises at least a in 4130 low alloy steel, F22 low alloy steel and modification 8630 low alloy steel.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that described age hardening material comprises at least a in chromium ferronickel 725, alloy 718, alloy 625 and the 17-4PH stainless steel.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein that described chosen temperature is between about 1200 °F to about 1300 °F.
7. the process of claim 1 wherein that described chosen temperature is between about 1225 °F to about 1300 °F.
8. the process of claim 1 wherein that described chosen temperature is between about 1215 °F to about 1225 °F.
9. the process of claim 1 wherein that the described selected time is that 30 to 60 minutes/inch throat section thickness adds 1 to 2 hour.
10. the process of claim 1 wherein that the described selected time is that 30 to 45 minutes/inch throat section thickness adds 1 to 2 hour.
11. the process of claim 1 wherein that the described selected time is that 38 to 42 minutes/inch throat section thickness adds about 1 hour.
12. the process of claim 1 wherein that described thermal treatment makes clad material have the yield strength of 115ksi at least.
13. the process of claim 1 wherein that the base material of gained oil field parts has 237 maximum Brinell hardness.
14. the process of claim 1 wherein that described oil field parts comprise at least a in preventer main body, stress joint, valve body and the sucker rod.
15. the method for claim 1 comprises that also selectivity heats described clad material, so that this clad material age hardening and make described base material keep below tempering temperature.
16. the method for claim 1 also comprises:
Base material is provided;
The base material prompt tempering that is provided is provided;
Use the base material of clad material selective reinforcement through prompt tempering.
17. the method for claim 16, wherein said providing comprises at least a in forging, machining, hot isostatic pressing and the casting.
18. the method for claim 16, wherein said base material is optionally strengthened according to finite element analysis.
19. ram-type preventer that utilizes the method manufacturing of claim 1.
20. the main body of a ram-type preventer comprises:
Pass the upright opening of described main body;
The lateral aperture that passes described main body and intersect with described upright opening;
Wherein said main body is optionally strengthened with clad material; And
Wherein said main body is ready-made by such method, and this method is included in selected time and the final tempering of chosen temperature, so that described base material tempering and make described clad material age hardening.
21. the main body of the ram-type preventer of claim 20, wherein said main body comprise at least one flange neck, wherein this at least one flange neck is optionally strengthened with clad material.
22. the main body of the ram-type preventer of claim 20, wherein said main body is optionally strengthened according to the result of finite element analysis.
23. a method of making the oil field parts, this method comprises:
Use clad material age-hardenable optionally to strengthen base material; And
Selectivity heats described clad material, so that described clad material age hardening and make described base material keep below tempering temperature.
CNA2007800466315A 2006-11-02 2007-10-30 Heat treatment method of inlaid pressure vessels Pending CN101563471A (en)

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CNA2007800405449A Pending CN101573459A (en) 2006-11-02 2007-11-02 Heat treatment of inlaid pressure vessels
CNA2007800465825A Pending CN101583774A (en) 2006-11-02 2007-11-02 Imputing strength gradient in pressure vessels
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CNA2007800465825A Pending CN101583774A (en) 2006-11-02 2007-11-02 Imputing strength gradient in pressure vessels
CNA2007800463656A Pending CN101558172A (en) 2006-11-02 2007-11-02 High pressure-rated ram blowout preventer and method of manufacture

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CN110691692B (en) * 2017-05-31 2022-02-15 昆特斯技术公司 Pressing equipment

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WO2008055182A1 (en) 2008-05-08
EP2084300A1 (en) 2009-08-05
US20080105340A1 (en) 2008-05-08
CN101583774A (en) 2009-11-18

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