CN101560778B - Geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile - Google Patents
Geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile Download PDFInfo
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- CN101560778B CN101560778B CN200910039276XA CN200910039276A CN101560778B CN 101560778 B CN101560778 B CN 101560778B CN 200910039276X A CN200910039276X A CN 200910039276XA CN 200910039276 A CN200910039276 A CN 200910039276A CN 101560778 B CN101560778 B CN 101560778B
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Abstract
The invention provides a geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for a building foundation pile. The method comprises the following steps that: a plurality of signal receiving devices arearranged on a constructed building foundation pile to be detected, and are connected with signal processing devices; then, the building foundation pile to be detected is excited through an excitation device to give an exciting signal; thirdly, a reflected signal of the building foundation pile to be detected is received by the signal receiving devices, and is inputted into the signal processing d evices to be subjected to signal processing; the signal processing devices display processed data information in a display device; time domain 'time-interval curve' and frequency domain 'amplitude spectrum graph' curve are obtained, so that the pile length of the building foundation pile, the quality of the pile body structure and the integrality of the pile bottom can be determined according to the data. The method has simple operation without damaging the building foundation pile to be detected, thus saving time and man power, can realize convenient and quick detection on each foundation pile, and is convenient for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to civil engineering work thing basis detection range, be specially a kind of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile that the building that completes is carried out the basis detection.
Background technology
After the building completion, foundation pile under the building uses through the load-bearing of many decades, special buildings such as harbour, harbour, bridge, viaduct particularly, foundation pile stand for a long time Vehicular vibration, overload of vehicle, car, ship bump, sea beat, sea water intrusion, earthquake effect, closely construct vibration, groundwater effect, year chemistry and physical erosion weathering etc. for a long time is artificial or the influence of natural cause, can cause all that the foundation pile quality produces significant change under the building.That have in addition can produce that the pile body architecture quality is loose, serious safe mass problem such as crack, broken pile and the reduction of bearing stratum intensity.
At present, it is the main method of checking foundation pile quality under the building that completes that static load and probing are loosed core, but checks and to waste time and energy, the testing cost height, and be a kind of disruptive sampling observation method.Generally can only inspect by random samples, exist representativeness low, be difficult to the penetration and promotion deficiency indivedual stakes or minority stake.
Having completed, the security-hidden trouble phenomenon of foundation pile is an objective reality under the building, and the serious potential safety hazard of existence also can not be ignored.For this reason, authorities such as traffic, municipal administration, water conservancy, construction and design, quality supervision department urgently wish to have a kind of effectively and fast to the lossless detection method of foundation pile quality under the building, for the check and the processing of foundation pile quality under the building provides scientific basis.Yet also there is not to find foundation pile under the building that completes is carried out the relevant report of the geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of nondestructive testing so far.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the deficiency that exists in the foundation pile quality examination under the above-mentioned building that completed, comply with an urgent demand of relevant departments to foundation pile nondestructive testing under the building, provide a kind of can be effectively and efficiently, testing process simply and easily, the geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile that can detect to the long and pile body architecture quality of stake and the integrality at the stake end of foundation pile under the building.
The present invention is achieved in that geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile, and it is as follows that it detects step:
The first step, building foundation pile to be measured is carried out test point prepare;
Second the step, some signal receiving devices are set on the test point of building foundation pile to be measured, signal receiving device is connected with signal processing apparatus, signal processing apparatus is connected with display unit;
The 3rd step, by exciting device exciting building foundation pile to be measured, give accumulation signal; Signal receiving device receives the reflected signal of building foundation pile to be measured;
The reflected signal that the 4th step, signal processing apparatus receive signal receiving device carries out signal to be handled;
The 5th the step, data message after the processing that shows in the display unit is carried out data analysis, detect the situation of building foundation pile to be measured.
Described signal processing apparatus can be shallow layer seismograph or engineering detecting instrument, and the data message that processes and displays is come out is time-domain time-history curves or frequency domain amplitude curve.
Described signal receiving device can directly stick on the side test point of building foundation pile to be measured.
Described signal receiving device can be the test point that is installed in the side of building foundation pile to be measured by sensor stand; Described sensor stand can become vertical angle to be fixedly connected into by an end of a horizontal panel and vertical panel, and vertical panel sticks on the side test point of building foundation pile to be measured, and signal receiving device vertically sticks on the horizontal panel.
The used adhesive of described stickup can be 502 glue, plasticine, butter, toothpaste, adhesive plaster or blast Luo silk etc.
Described exciting device can be to adopt nylon king's hand hammer or iron hammer.
Described signal receiving device can adopt accelerometer or speedometer.
The direction of described exciting is answered the horizontal exciting of plumb pile central axis, and the exciting position is at the near point of distance signal receiving device less than 5cm, and exciting should be simply agile.
Described exciting employing is a bit installed signal receiving device and is received the closely horizontal exciting in plumb pile axis; The horizontal exciting in perhaps a plurality of direction plumb piles axis adopts one or more directions installation signal receiving devices reception in the stake side.
In described time-domain time-history curves or the frequency domain amplitude curve,, illustrate that there is open defect in stake end integrality if the pile bottom reflection ripple of building foundation pile to be measured is identical with the incidence wave phase place; If building foundation pile pile bottom reflection ripple to be measured is opposite with the incidence wave phase place, illustrate that stake end integrality is good; If building foundation pile pile defect to be measured position back wave is identical with the incidence wave phase place, illustrate that there is defective in the pile body architecture quality; If building foundation pile pile bottom reflection signal to be measured exists, just can determine pile length.
Geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention is simple to operate, need not to damage the building foundation pile of surveying, and saves time and laborsaving; Detected data are simple and clear, analytical method according to detected data characteristics and unusual (defective) position and pile defect degree, actual measurement time-history curves to gained is analyzed, and just can make an appraisal with the pile body architecture quality and the integrality at the stake end to the stake of building foundation pile is long.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the concrete enforcement schematic diagram of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention on the building foundation pile that completes;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the sensor stand in the geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Fig. 3 installs for the stake side signal receiving device of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention and measuring point numbering floor map;
Fig. 4 is the actual measurement stake top reflection time-histories curve map of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the actual measurement pile bottom reflection time-history curves figure of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the actual measurement pile body reflection time-histories curve map of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is for existing the time-history curves figure of open defect at the bottom of the actual measurement stake of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the intact good time-history curves figure of property at the bottom of the actual measurement stake of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the definite schematic diagram of defective above measuring point between the stake of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the definite schematic diagram of defective below measuring point between the stake of geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention.
Wherein, the P among Fig. 1
1, P
iBe measuring point numbering, F
iBe horizontal exciting point, 1 is building foundation pile, and A is the stake top, and B is a stake end, and C is a defect point between stake, and D is ground, and 3 is signal receiving device, and 4 is mounting frame for sensor, and L is stake long (m) always, L
1Be the distance (m) of measuring point to the stake top, L
2Be the distance (m) of measuring point to an end, Lc is the distance (m) of measuring point to defective; Among Fig. 2,5 is horizontal panel, and 6 is vertical panel; Among Fig. 3, F
1, F
3, F
5, F
7Be exciting point, P
1, P
3, P
5, P
7Be the signal receiving device mounting points.
Concrete form of implementation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile of the present invention is further described.
The principle explanation
Do the time spent when executing an instantaneous stress in pile crown or pile body side, breathing deformation longitudinally appears in stressed particle, produces longitudinal wave propagation; Shearing deformation laterally then occurs, form shear wave.Elastic wave is propagated in elastic fluid, when running into the wave impedance differential boundary, just can produce reflection.Near exciting point, lay sensor and signal record treatment system, just can receive from pile body wave impedance differential boundary and the stake top and the reflected signal at the stake end.
According to the reflected signal of surveying, after the data processing,, just can make an appraisal to the pile body and the structural integrity and the pile length at the stake end according to reflected phase will analysis principle and amplitude analysis principle.
1, reflected phase will analysis:
Wherein: R: the phase reflection coefficient;
ρ
1, ρ
2: the levels Media density;
V
1, V
2: levels medium velocity of wave;
A
1, A
2: the levels area.
Wherein: (1). work as Z
1＞Z
2(incidence wave is throwed to thin medium by close medium) R be on the occasion of, between expression stake or pile bottom reflection ripple and incidence wave homophase.
(2). work as Z
1=Z
2(the upper and lower medium wave impedance equates) R=0, calm resistance difference interface, pile body or stake end areflexia.
(3). work as Z
1＜Z
2(incidence wave is throwed to close medium by thin medium) R is a negative value, between expression stake or pile bottom reflection ripple and incidence wave anti-phase.
2, reflection amplitude analysis:
Wherein: K: the amplitude reflectance factor;
A
1: incidence wave amplitude absolute value;
A
2: the reflex amplitude absolute value.
Same building site, certain in seismic source energy, select to work as ρ under the identical situation of every test parameter
1V
1A
1With ρ
2V
2A
2Upper and lower medium wave impedance difference is big more, and then back wave is strong more, and its reflex amplitude is big more, that is the K value is big more; Otherwise reflex amplitude is just little, that is the K value is more little.
Geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile, it is as follows that it detects step:
The first step: building foundation pile to be measured is carried out test point prepare.
As shown in Figure 1, select the test point of building foundation pile, require material, intensity, the sectional dimension of test point stake side should be basic identical with former pile body; The stake side of building foundation pile should parallel stake axis.
Second step: some signal receiving devices are set on the test point of building foundation pile to be measured, and signal receiving device is connected with signal processing apparatus, and signal processing apparatus is connected with display unit.
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, signal receiving device is exactly sensor in fact, can be accelerometer or speedometer.
Signal receiving device 3 can directly parallelly stick on the test point of a side.Paste used adhesive and can adopt 502 glue, plasticine, gypsum or adhesive plaster etc.
Signal receiving device 3 can be to stick on the test point of a side by the sensor stand of making in advance 4.Sensor stand 4 as shown in Figure 2, end by a horizontal panel 5 and a vertical panel 6 becomes vertical angle to be fixedly connected into, vertical panel 6 is installed on the test point of stake side by 502 instant adhesives or gypsum, adhesive plaster, plasticine or blast Luo silk etc., and signal receiving device 3 sticks on the horizontal panel 5.Signal receiving device 3 must strictly keep vertical with the horizontal panel of sensor stand 4 and cement.The adhesive that signal receiving device and horizontal panel are pasted can adopt 502 glue, plasticine, butter or toothpaste etc.Signal receiving device installs 3 on the sustained height of stake side, and is parallel to an axis along different directions.The signal receiving device installed 3 at least one, can be a plurality of for 4 or 8 etc.
The 3rd step:, give accumulation signal by exciting device exciting building foundation pile to be measured; Signal receiving device receives the reflected signal of building foundation pile to be measured.
As Fig. 1, shown in Figure 3, exciting device can adopt nylon king hand hammer or iron hammer.Exciting adopts and a bit receives the closely horizontal exciting in plumb pile axis, and exciting point should be less than 5cm with test point.The horizontal exciting in perhaps a plurality of direction plumb piles axis adopts one or more directions installation signal receiving devices 3 receptions in the stake side.Exciting should be simply agile.
The parameters that is adopted in detection (sampling time interval, gain, sampling number, analog filtering, triggering mode etc.) should determine that the parameters selected to same pile should be the same by field trial.
During detection, should guarantee the acquired signal quality, guarantee the uniformity of signal, the zero phenomenon of wafing of undistorted and nothing.
The 4th step: the reflected signal that signal processing apparatus check mark receiving system receives carries out signal to be handled.
The reflected signal that general reply detects is made superposed average and is handled, and the signal number of participating in average treatment should not be less than 5.
When high-frequency interferencing signal is strong, should carry out bandpass filtering treatment.
Stake can be adopted index to amplify and handle, but should control enlargement range when signal is more weak at the end, and a stake end signal amplitude that is exaggerated should not require the waveform afterbody to make zero substantially greater than the incidence wave amplitude simultaneously.
Handle the map that the back becomes figure: (a). time-domain " time-history curves "; (b). frequency domain " amplitude spectrogram ".
In addition, at same pile, each measuring point scene should be consistent with parameter with indoor treatment of selected, so that carry out contrast mutually between curve.
Used signal processing apparatus can be shallow layer seismograph or engineering detecting instrument.
The 5th step: data message after the processing that shows in the display unit is carried out data analysis, detect the situation of building foundation pile to be measured.
1, stake top reflection actual measurement time-history curves feature
As Fig. 4, to the pile bottom reflection ripple arrival time period before, time-history curves tangible reflection wave signal occurs at A place, stake top behind the direct wave.Its L
1Design formulas:
Wherein: L
1: measuring point Pi is to stake top A distance (m);
V: pile body value of wave speed (m/s);
Δ tL
1: the time difference (s) between stake top back wave crest and the incidence wave crest.
Work as L
1During for measured distance, then can utilize (3) formula to obtain the value of wave speed V of pile body.
2, pile bottom reflection actual measurement time-history curves feature
As Fig. 5, to a back wave arrival time period before, time-history curves is nearly horizontal line section behind the direct wave, and tangible reflection wave signal, its L appear in the B place at the bottom of stake
2Design formulas is as follows:
Wherein: L
2: measuring point Pi is to stake end B place's distance (m);
V: pile body value of wave speed (m/s);
Δ tL
2: the time difference (s) between pile bottom reflection crest and the incident crest.
3, pile defect position reflection actual measurement time-history curves feature
As Fig. 6, to the pile bottom reflection ripple arrival time period before, tangible reflection wave signal appears in time-history curves at rejected region C place behind the direct wave.Its Lc design formulas is as follows:
Wherein: Lc: measuring point Pi is to pile defect C place distance (m);
V: pile body value of wave speed (m/s);
Δ tL
c: the time difference (s) between the reflection at peak of pile defect and the incidence wave crest.
4, stake bottom structure integrality actual measurement time-history curves feature
As shown in Figure 7, when the pile bottom reflection ripple of building foundation pile to be measured is identical with the incidence wave phase place, illustrate that there is open defect in stake end integrality.
As shown in Figure 8, when the pile bottom reflection ripple of building foundation pile to be measured is opposite with the incidence wave phase place, illustrate that stake end integrality is good.
5, unusual (defective) position determines
As shown in Figure 9, when by P
1Last movement surveying point is to P
2When the place was detected again, its unusual distance was from L
C1The corresponding L that is reduced to
C2, the specification exception position is positioned at the measuring point top.Otherwise movement surveying point is to P instantly
3When the place was detected, the corresponding increase of its unusual distance was L
C3, same specification exception position is positioned at the measuring point top.
Shown in as Figure 10, when by P
1Movement surveying point is to P on the point
2When the place was detected again, its unusual distance was from L
C1Corresponding increase is L
C2, the specification exception position is positioned at the measuring point below.Otherwise movement surveying point is to P instantly
3When the place is detected, the corresponding L that is reduced to of its unusual distance
C3, same specification exception position is positioned at the measuring point below.
When determine be positioned at unusually measuring point top and unusual distance for measuring point to the stake apex distance from L
1The time, illustrate that this causes for stake head piece (or floor) unusually.
6, the pile defect degree determines
For determining of pile defect degree, also should determine the classification of stake according to the amplitude reflectance factor K and the analysis-by-synthesis defect levels such as phase place, defective locations, construction note and engineering geological data, design data of flaw echo.
To sum up: according to the analytical method of above curve map feature and unusual (defective) position and building foundation pile defect level to be measured, actual measurement time-history curves to gained is analyzed, and just can make an appraisal with the pile body architecture quality and the integrality at the stake end to the stake of building foundation pile is long.
Claims (6)
1. geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile is characterized in that, its detection step is:
The first step, building foundation pile to be measured is carried out test point prepare;
Second the step, some signal receiving devices are set on the test point of building foundation pile to be measured, signal receiving device is connected with signal processing apparatus, signal processing apparatus is connected with display unit; The 3rd step, by exciting device exciting building foundation pile to be measured, give accumulation signal; Signal receiving device receives the reflected signal of building foundation pile to be measured;
The reflected signal that the 4th step, signal processing apparatus receive signal receiving device carries out signal to be handled;
The 5th the step, data message after the processing that shows in the display unit is carried out data analysis, detect the situation of building foundation pile to be measured;
Described signal receiving device directly sticks on the side test point of building foundation pile to be measured; Parallel stake axis is answered in the stake side of building foundation pile;
Described signal processing device is changed to shallow layer seismograph or engineering detecting instrument, and the data message that shows after the processing is time-domain time-history curves or frequency domain amplitude curve;
In described time-domain time-history curves or the frequency domain amplitude curve,, illustrate that there is open defect in stake end integrality if the pile bottom reflection ripple of building foundation pile to be measured is identical with the incidence wave phase place; If building foundation pile pile bottom reflection ripple to be measured is opposite with the incidence wave phase place, illustrate that stake end integrality is good; If building foundation pile pile defect to be measured position back wave is identical with the incidence wave phase place, illustrate that there is defective in the pile body architecture quality; If building foundation pile pile bottom reflection signal to be measured exists, just determine pile length;
Described signal receiving device is the test point that is installed in the side of building foundation pile to be measured by sensor stand; Described sensor stand becomes vertical angle to be fixedly connected into by an end of a horizontal panel and vertical panel, and vertical panel sticks on the side test point of building foundation pile to be measured, and signal receiving device vertically sticks on the horizontal panel; Signal receiving device is installed on the side sustained height, and is parallel to an axis along different directions.
2. geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the used adhesive of described stickup is 502 glue, plasticine, butter, toothpaste or adhesive plaster.
3. geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described exciting device is to adopt nylon king's hand hammer or iron hammer.
4. geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described signal receiving device adopts accelerometer or speedometer.
5. geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the direction of described exciting is answered the horizontal exciting of plumb pile central axis, and the exciting position is at the near point of distance signal receiving device less than 5cm.
6. geophysical prospection stress wave detection method for building foundation pile as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described exciting employing is a bit installed signal receiving device and is received the closely horizontal exciting in plumb pile axis; The horizontal exciting in perhaps a plurality of direction plumb piles axis adopts one or more directions installation signal receiving devices reception in the stake side.
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