CN101560608B - Nitrogen-free wet-process refining method for gold-bearing materials - Google Patents
Nitrogen-free wet-process refining method for gold-bearing materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN101560608B CN101560608B CN2009100670341A CN200910067034A CN101560608B CN 101560608 B CN101560608 B CN 101560608B CN 2009100670341 A CN2009100670341 A CN 2009100670341A CN 200910067034 A CN200910067034 A CN 200910067034A CN 101560608 B CN101560608 B CN 101560608B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen-free wet-process refining method for gold-bearing materials. The method comprises the following steps that: gold dissolution reaction adopts hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)as oxidant and adopts hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a wet-process smelting chemical agent capable of releasing chloride ions (Cl<->) as a complexing agent; the oxidant and the complexing agent react insolution to produce free chlorine (Cl<*>); gold is transformed from a solid state into a complex-ion state, dissolved in the solution and separated from insoluble matter in the gold-bearing materialsthrough filtration and washing; an obtained gold-bearing solution is concentrated to increase gold-bearing concentration; and the gold-bearing solution is reduced by adopting oxalic acid as a reducingagent or other suitable reducing reagents so as to obtain sponge-like metallic gold, thus the gold in the gold-bearing materials is refined or purified. As the dissolution reaction in the invention produces no nitrogen dioxide (NO2) or other nitrogen oxides (NOx) pollutants and causes no influence to the air of surrounding environment, the method has good effects of eliminating pollution, savingenergy, reducing emission and protecting environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the gold smelting field, be particularly related to a kind of method that from gold-bearing materials such as zinc dust precipitation gold mud and desorbing electrolytic gold mud, extracts gold from, being specifically related to gold-bearing material does not have the nitrogen wet-process refining method, and this method is equally applicable to the wet-process refining of other gold-bearing material.
Background technology
At present, domestic gold and silver refining, that adopts in large-scale smeltery has chemical method, chemical method---pyrogenic process and an electrolytic process, and prolongs with pyrogenic process gold metallurgy technology at middle-size and small-size gold mine always, and gold recovery is low, and is of low quality.Great majority adopt the chloroazotic acid methods in the chemical method, and the chloroazotic acid method is to adopt chloroazotic acid that the gold in the gold-bearing material is dissolved, chloroazotic acid be by hydrochloric acid and nitric acid in the nitration mixture that 3: 1 ratios are mixed with, discharge a large amount of nitrogen peroxide (NO when carrying out golden solubilizing reaction
2) wait oxynitride (NO
x) gas.Because reaction is fierce, chloroazotic acid needs to add gradually in batches during operation, and therefore, the nitrogen dioxide gas that discharges presents high density and the discharging of uneven state.Especially the moment that adds chloroazotic acid at gold-bearing material, the concentration that produces nitrogen dioxide gas is quite high, adopt existing nitrogen peroxide treatment process or equipment to be difficult to handle up to standard, so,, make its atmospheric environment on every side be subjected to severe contamination basically all in the discharging that exceeds standard, cause the ambient air downgrade, a large amount of vegetation death, crop production reduction brings out various respiratory tract diseases etc.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to produce nitrogen peroxide (NO in order to solve existing gold refining method
2) wait oxynitride (NO
x) gas, the atmospheric environment around the severe contamination causes the ambient air downgrade, a large amount of vegetation death, crop production reduction brings out the problem of various respiratory tract diseases, and the gold-bearing material that does not produce oxides of nitrogen gas such as nitrogen peroxide when a kind of gold dissolving refining is provided does not have the nitrogen wet-process refining method.Gold-bearing material of the present invention does not have the nitrogen wet-process refining method owing to adopt hydrogen peroxide as oxidant; do not produce nitrogen dioxide gas when carrying out the gold dissolving; can not impact, therefore, on decontamination, energy-saving and emission-reduction and protection environment, good effect be arranged ambient air.
The present invention's method is:
The gold solubilizing reaction adopts hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) as oxygenant, adopt hydrochloric acid (HCl) maybe can discharge chlorion (Cl
-) the hydrometallurgy chemical agent as complexing agent, both react in solution and produce free chlorine (Cl
*), gold is deposited for the complexing ion state from solid state transformation to be dissolved in the solution, separate with the insolubles of gold-bearing material by filtration, washing, the gold-containing solution that obtains contains the gold concentration raising through concentrating to make, adopt reductive agent oxalic acid or other appropriate reductant to reduce and obtain spongiform simple substance gold, thereby make the gold in the gold-bearing material obtain refining or purification.Solubilizing reaction does not produce nitrogen peroxide (NO
2) wait oxynitride (NO
x) pollutent, free from environmental pollution, clean environment firendly, refining unit can adopt various impregnating material processing, also can adopt impregnating material that rotproofing is carried out in refining unit inside, refining unit can be circular or other geometrical shape, and number of devices can be determined according to actual needs.
Difference according to the gold-bearing material impurities, can adopt the hydrochloric acid (HCl) of different concns that gold-bearing material is carried out pre-treatment, also can take other other chemical agent that does not discharge oxynitride such as nitrogen peroxide or alternate manner to carry out pre-treatment (or pre-removal of impurities), make most of or a part of impurity wherein obtain removing.
The reduction of GOLD FROM PLATING SOLUTION generally adopts oxalic acid to reduce, and also can adopt other appropriate reductant to reduce according to the character of gold-bearing material or gold-containing solution.
Said hydrogen peroxide source is liquid analytical reagent, liquid industrial reagent, solid-state calcium peroxide, SPC-D and other liquid pharmaceutical or the solid-state pharmacy that can discharge hydrogen peroxide in solution.
Employed hydrochloric acid is liquid analytical reagent or technical hydrochloric acid, and analytical reagent concentration is generally 36%, and technical hydrochloric acid concentration is generally 28%～32%.
Said gold-bearing material is meant that zinc dust precipitation gold mud, desorbing electrolytic gold mud and other Gold Content are at 1%～90% various gold-bearing materials.
Ultimate principle of the present invention
Under appropriate condition, hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) maybe can discharge chlorion (Cl
-) wait in the mixing solutions of other hydrometallurgy chemical agent and can produce free chlorine (Cl
*), gold in the gold-bearing material being deposited for the complexing ion state from solid state transformation be dissolved in the solution, chemical equation is as follows:
Au+H
2O
2+3HCl——→HAuCl
3+2H
2O
Separate with the reacted insolubles of gold-bearing material by filtration, washing, the gold-containing solution that obtains contains the gold concentration raising through concentrating to make, adopt oxalic acid or other suitable reduction medicament to reduce and obtain spongiform simple substance gold, thereby make gold-bearing material obtain purifying or refining.Wherein, service temperature, hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) wait the purity of other hydrometallurgy chemical agent and consumption, washing whether thoroughly, when concentrating solution whether contain the reductive agent, aftertreatment of gold concentration, employing suitable etc. all influential to the gold-bearing material purified purity and the rate of recovery.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: adopt hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) as oxygenant, hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) oxidizing potential is up to 1.77V, (HCl) maybe can discharge chlorion (Cl with hydrochloric acid
-) produce free chlorine (Cl after waiting other medicament effect
*), carry out golden solubilizing reaction after, make golden oxidized in the gold-bearing material, and be dissolved in the solution hydrogen peroxide (H with the complexing ion state
2O
2) generation water (H
2O), compare with the chloroazotic acid method and not discharge obnoxious flavour in the reaction process, especially can not discharge the nitrogen peroxide (NO of contaminate environment
2) wait oxynitride (NO
x) pollutent, can not impact ambient air, therefore, on decontamination, energy-saving and emission-reduction and protection environment, very big effect is arranged.Provide technical support in the total amount of pollutant control of the present invention's method for country's 12 planning.
Embodiment
The step of this method is as follows:
(1), pre-treatment
The solid-to-liquid ratio of gold-bearing material and hydrometallurgy solution is (g: ml) 1: 3～1: 5; Hydrochloric acid in the solution (HCl) concentration is 12%～30%; Temperature of reaction is 30 ℃～90 ℃; Reaction times is 2～8 hours (h);
(2), gold dissolving
The solid-to-liquid ratio of gold-bearing material and hydrometallurgy solution is (g: ml) 1: 3～1: 5, concentration of hydrogen peroxide is 1%～10% in the hydrometallurgy solution, hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentration 10%～20%, temperature of reaction is 30 ℃～90 ℃, reaction times is 2～8 hours (h), and mixing speed is 100～1000 rev/mins (r/min);
(3), filter and wash
Filter the back filter cake is carried out drip washing, washing lotion does not stop drip washing after having yellow (color of complexing gold in the solution), then filter cake is carried out agitator treating, and filter cake filters after all stirring out and cleaning, filtrate is as golden lysate use next time, and the filtration washing temperature is 30 ℃～100 ℃;
(4), containing golden liquid concentrates
Gold-containing solution concentrates under slight boiling condition, is concentrated into to be fit to till the gold reduction;
(5), gold reduction
Golden liquid after concentrating generally adopts the oxalic acid reduction, also can adopt other chemical agent to reduce according to the character of gold-bearing material or gold-containing solution, and reduction temperature is 30 ℃～95 ℃, and reduction pH value is 1～3, is reduced to solution and can sink till the gold again;
(6), aftertreatment
The bronze that restores generally adopts the vitriol oil to boil processing.
This method is used for purification or the refining that gold content is 1.0%～90% various gold-bearing materials.
Claims (1)
1. a gold-bearing material does not have the nitrogen wet-process refining method, this method is that golden solubilizing reaction adopts hydrogen peroxide as oxygenant, adopt hydrochloric acid as complexing agent, both react in solution and produce free chlorine, making gold is thereby that the complexing ion state is dissolved in the solution from solid state transformation, separates with the insolubles of gold-bearing material by filtration, washing, and the gold-containing solution that obtains contains the gold concentration raising through concentrating to make, adopt reductive agent to reduce and obtain spongiform simple substance gold, it is characterized in that:
Before the gold dissolving, according to the difference of gold-bearing material impurities, adopt the hydrochloric acid of different concns to carry out pre-treatment to gold-bearing material, make a part of impurity wherein obtain removing; When adopting hydrochloric acid to carry out pre-treatment to gold-bearing material, the solid-to-liquid ratio g of gold-bearing material and hydrometallurgy solution: ml is 1: 3～1: 5; The concentration of hydrochloric acid is 12%～30% in the solution; Temperature of reaction is 30 ℃～90 ℃; Reaction times is 2～8 hours;
In the gold dissolving step, the solid-to-liquid ratio g of gold-bearing material and hydrometallurgy solution: ml is 1: 3～1: 5, the concentration 1%～10% of hydrogen peroxide in the hydrometallurgy solution, the concentration 10%～20% of hydrochloric acid, temperature of reaction is 30 ℃～90 ℃, reaction times is 2～8 hours, and mixing speed is 100～1000 rev/mins;
In filtration and the washing step, filter the back filter cake is carried out drip washing, washing lotion does not stop drip washing after having yellow, then filter cake is carried out agitator treating, filter cake filters after all stirring out and cleaning, and filtrate is as golden lysate use next time, and the filtration washing temperature is 30 ℃～100 ℃;
Contain in the golden liquid enrichment step, gold-containing solution concentrates under slight boiling condition, is concentrated into to be fit to till the golden reductive concentration;
In the gold reduction step, the golden liquid after concentrating adopts the oxalic acid reduction, or adopts other reductive agent to reduce according to the character of gold-bearing material or gold-containing solution, and reduction temperature is 30 ℃～95 ℃, and reduction pH value is 1～3, is reduced to solution and can sink till the gold again.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100670341A CN101560608B (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2009-06-02 | Nitrogen-free wet-process refining method for gold-bearing materials |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100670341A CN101560608B (en) | 2009-06-02 | 2009-06-02 | Nitrogen-free wet-process refining method for gold-bearing materials |
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|---|---|
| CN101560608A CN101560608A (en) | 2009-10-21 |
| CN101560608B true CN101560608B (en) | 2011-02-02 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102071324B (en) * | 2011-01-29 | 2012-11-28 | 湖南辰州矿业股份有限公司 | Process for extracting gold from high-grade gold concentrate |
| CN103834811A (en) * | 2014-03-14 | 2014-06-04 | 昆明贵益金属材料有限公司 | Method for selectively extracting gold from complex gold-containing waste |
| CN105907985B (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2017-10-24 | 贵州银花妆开发有限公司 | Gold and the method purified are extracted in a kind of gold mine |
| US11319613B2 (en) | 2020-08-18 | 2022-05-03 | Enviro Metals, LLC | Metal refinement |
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Address after: 130012 Changchun Gold Research Institute, No. 6760 nanhu road, Chaoyang District, Changchun, Jilin Patentee after: Changchun Gold Research Institute Co., Ltd. Address before: 130012 No. 6760 nanhu road, Jilin City, Changchun Province Patentee before: Changchun Gold Research Institute |
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