CN101550057A - A product quenching method and unit applied to plasma coal cracking process - Google Patents
A product quenching method and unit applied to plasma coal cracking process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101550057A CN101550057A CNA2009100837068A CN200910083706A CN101550057A CN 101550057 A CN101550057 A CN 101550057A CN A2009100837068 A CNA2009100837068 A CN A2009100837068A CN 200910083706 A CN200910083706 A CN 200910083706A CN 101550057 A CN101550057 A CN 101550057A
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Abstract
The present invention pertains to a product quenching method and unit applied to plasma coal cracking process, which pertains to the technical field of coal chemical industry. This quenching unit has two quenching chambers. This quenching method adopts a two-stage quenching process. In the first stage, the coolant is organic and sprayed into stage-1 quenching chamber through the stage-1 coolant nozzles, and the hot fluid enters the stage-2 quenching chamber after passing through stage-1 quenching chamber. In the second stage, the coolant is water and sprayed in via the stage-2 coolant nozzles to complete quenching. The present invention uses both organic cooling and water cooling: Firstly, use a small amount of organic and high-level heat source to take fast endothermic reaction, and then use water to quickly cool down product acetylene and terminate its thermal decomposition to obtain target products and the byproducts of the gas products different from the target products, raise the overall energy utilization rate of the whole process and improve economic benefit. The whole process can be completed in milliseconds. In this way, the shortcomings of single-stage cooling are made up and their advantages are mutually complemented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of coal chemical industry, particularly a kind of product quenching method and device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process.
Background technology
Acetylene is important basic Organic Chemicals.The commercial run of producing acetylene mainly contains calcium carbide route, methane portion oxidation method and methane electrocracking method, and wherein calcium carbide route acetylene technical maturity accounts for absolute specific gravity in the industrial production, but pollutes all relative with energy consumption higher.Coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene is a direct chemical industry path for transformation of new, promising coal.Chinese scholar and engineering technical personnel have carried out a large amount of fundamental researchs and engineering research since the nineties in this field.Because China's hydrocarbon resources is deficient relatively, and coal resource is abundant, so coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene process has important potential industrial prospect as a kind of cleaning and the short coal conversion process of flow process aspect the chemical utilization of coal.
Coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene process must with the very fast time to the coal dust heat supply, make it at high temperature also discharge volatile matter and reaction rapidly fully, make the product pyroreaction system that speeds away simultaneously, and carry out chilling, decompose with the acetylene that prevents to generate by suitable manner.This process plasma generator outlet jet top temperature can reach the 104K magnitude, and the about 3500K of medial temperature can be implemented in the extremely short time to the coal dust heat supply.And the temperature of conversion zone outlet still has about 2000K, needs the fluid under this temperature is cooled off rapidly.At present, the mode of industrial general employing jet atomization water is cooled off, though can reach the purpose that at utmost keeps acetylene, has wasted a large amount of higher-grade thermals source when having consumed a large amount of water, thereby has caused the economic feasibility of this process relatively poor.So, can effectively utilize this thermal source, improve chilling efficient, just be related to whole process and whether have high energy utilization rate and more excellent economic benefit.In this sense, chilling technique is the gordian technique of this process total energy approach.
From the sixties in 20th century, the investigator of many countries is being engaged in the experimental study of coal plasma pyrolysis always, comprises the laboratory study of 10～100kW rank small power device, and the test of the industry test on the above power device of 300kW.The preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal device mainly comprises three parts: plasma producing apparatus, reactor (comprise and mixing and conversion zone), chilling and tripping device.The eighties in 20th century, water, propane and coal were distinguished separately as refrigerant by U.S. AVCO company, both all are intended to regulate the C/H mass ratio that increases reaction system the back, the gas-liquid equilibrium that changes high temperature fluid is formed, on pilot plant, carried out the experiment of chilling effect, with the experiment of water,, expended a large amount of pure water though reached cooling performance as refrigerant, follow-up water treatment cost is higher, and is also big to environment dependency degree and destructiveness; Do than water as the energy consumption of unit product of refrigerant with propane refrigerant decline 40%, and obtained part ethene, but be cost to use higher propane of a large amount of prices (0.4kg propane/kg coal) and acetylene content to reduce by 20%, economy is relatively poor.Do than water as the energy consumption of unit product of refrigerant with coal refrigerant decline 60%, and the price of coal is comparatively cheap, but is cost to have sacrificed 57% acetylene, feasibility is relatively poor.No matter be not difficult to find out, use the single hop chilling, be organism cooling or water cooling, and the comprehensive benefit of its product and energy consumption is all undesirable.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of product quenching method and device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process.
A kind of product quenching device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process, comprise plasma producing apparatus, coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber and chilling chamber, plasma producing apparatus 6 lower ends are provided with coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7, it is characterized in that, this quenching apparatus has two chilling chambeies, coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7 lower ends set gradually the chilling chamber 2 and 3, the first sections chilling chambeies 2, second section chilling chamber and 3 sidewall upper peripheral position places, second section chilling chamber first section coolant jet 4 and second section coolant jet 5 are set respectively.
First section coolant jet 4 and second section coolant jet 5 number are 4～12.
Described first section coolant jet 4 and second section coolant jet 5 are that straight tube inserts, bend pipe stretches into and forms at least a in the reverse-flow spout dual mode.
A kind of product quenching method that is applied to plasma coal cracking process, it is characterized in that, this method comprises two sections emergency cooling process, concrete steps are as follows: plasma body and coal dust that plasma producing apparatus 6 produces react in coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7, the hot-fluid 1 that forms enters first section chilling chamber 2 by coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7, carry out first section chilling in this section ingress, first section refrigerant sprays into through first section coolant jet 4, contact with hot-fluid 1, thermo-negative reaction takes place in self, or with hot-fluid 1 in component generation thermo-negative reaction, hot-fluid 1 enters second section chilling chamber 3 after through first section chilling chamber 2, carry out second section chilling in this section ingress, second section refrigerant sprays into through second section coolant jet 5, and hot-fluid 1 temperature is dropped to 600～800K.
Described hot-fluid 1 is the product of coal plasma pyrolysis, comprises high-temperature gas and coal dust, and its temperature range is 1500～2500K.
Described first section organism that refrigerant is high hydrocarbon mass ratio, for carbonatoms less than 6 gaseous alkanes, Sweet natural gas, coke(oven)gas, refinery gas, acetylene tail gas, at least a in the ethene waste gas, perhaps be benzene, crude benzol or substituted benzene, perhaps be that carbonatoms is greater than at least a liquid in 5 the aliphatic hydrocarbon, it perhaps is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petroleum distillates and residue, gasoline, raw gasline, kerosene, crude oil, pitch, gas oil, residual oil, tar sand oils or shale oil, coal oil generation, coal tar, recycle gasoline, at least a in the furfural extraction thing of coker gas oil perhaps is coal dust.
Described second section refrigerant is at least a in water vapour, pure water, coal water slurry supernatant liquor or the vapor condensation water.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: the invention provides a kind of efficient cooling fast that is applied to the preparing ethyne by cracking plasma coal process, improve the process for cooling and the device of reaction system total energy approach rate simultaneously.The present invention uses organism cooling and water cooling together, using earlier utilizes high-grade thermal source that quick thermo-negative reaction takes place than organic matters, re-using water cools off rapidly to stop the thermolysis of product acetylene, obtain target product or the gas products byproduct different with target product, improve the total energy approach rate of whole process, increase economic efficiency simultaneously, whole process is finished in Millisecond.So just remedy single hop cooling deficiency separately, realized mutual supplement with each other's advantages.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device synoptic diagram that is applied to the product quenching of plasma coal cracking process;
Fig. 2 is that common small molecules hydro carbons Gibbs free energy of formation is with variation of temperature figure;
Fig. 3 is C in the gas phase under the different C/H mass ratioes
2H
2The graph of a relation of molar fraction and temperature;
Number in the figure: 1-hot-fluid; First section chilling chamber of 2-; Second section chilling chamber of 3-; First section coolant jet of 4-; Second section coolant jet of 5-; The 6-plasma producing apparatus; 7-coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
A kind of product quenching device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process, comprise plasma producing apparatus, coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber and chilling chamber, plasma torch output rating 0.8MW, plasma producing apparatus 6 lower ends are provided with coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7, this quenching apparatus has two chilling chambeies, as shown in Figure 1, coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7 lower ends set gradually first section chilling chamber 2 and 3, the first sections chilling chambeies 2, second section chilling chamber and 3 sidewall upper peripheral position places, second section chilling chamber first section coolant jet 4 and second section coolant jet 5 are set respectively.
First section coolant jet 4 and second section coolant jet 5 number are 8.
Described first section coolant jet 4 inserts for straight tube, and second section coolant jet 5 forms reverse-flow spout for bend pipe stretches into.
Coal plasma pyrolysis system acetylene process is utilized the high enthalpy condition of high temperature of plasma body (for direct current arc hydrogen plasma) exactly, realizes that fugitive constituent (even fixed carbon) is to the conversion of acetylene in the coal.
The thermodynamics basis of this process is that acetylene is with respect to the thermodynamic stability of other small molecules hydro carbons under the high temperature.Fig. 2 be common small molecules hydro carbons Gibbs free energy of formation with variation of temperature figure, as seen from Figure 2, the free energy of formation of acetylene reduces with the rising of temperature, when temperature was higher than 1500K, its free energy of formation began to be lower than other small molecules hydro carbons.Under hot conditions, acetylene is the main ingredient during the gas-liquid equilibrium of C-H system is formed.Influence the factor that this process gas-liquid equilibrium forms and mainly contain temperature and C/H mass ratio, Fig. 3 is C in the gas phase under the different C/H mass ratioes
2H
2The graph of a relation of molar fraction and temperature (the C/H mass ratio is represented with R in the drawings), as seen from Figure 3, along with the C/H mass ratio is big more, there is maximum value in the concentration of acetylene in gas-liquid equilibrium is formed.Coal is the system of the few hydrogen of rich carbon, but because the volatile matter that this process mainly utilizes coal to take off, and mend a large amount of hydrogen in the process, the C/H mass ratio that makes the system gas phase form is lower, the material that adds high C/H mass ratio participates in reaction, then can improve the concentration of target product acetylene.
A kind of product quenching method that is applied to plasma coal cracking process, this method comprises two sections emergency cooling process, concrete steps are as follows: plasma body and coal dust that plasma producing apparatus 6 produces react in coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7, the hot-fluid 1 that forms is the product of coal plasma pyrolysis, comprises that residue coal dust (230kg/h) and gas-phase product (comprise H
2, CH
4, CO, C
2H
2And C
2H
4Total mass flow rate is 120kg/h, the C/H mass ratio is 0.2～0.5), its temperature range is 1800～2000K, uses chemical cooling separately, selects for use benzene to do refrigerant, this hot-fluid is cooled to 400～600K, need to use the benzene of 100～200kg/h can reach temperature requirement, acetylene content changes little, but the large usage quantity of benzene; Use pure water to do refrigerant separately, need to use the pure water of 1200～2000kg/h just can meet the demands; When using two sections emergency cooling process, hot-fluid 1 enters first section chilling chamber 2 by coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber 7, carry out first section chilling in this section ingress, first section refrigerant sprays into through first section coolant jet 4, first section refrigerant is benzene, usage quantity is 15～30kg/h, the C/H mass ratio is adjusted to 1.5～3.0, refrigerant benzene contacts with hot-fluid 1, thermo-negative reaction takes place in self, hot-fluid 1 enters second section chilling chamber 3 after through first section chilling chamber 2, carries out second section chilling in this section ingress, and second section refrigerant sprays into through second section coolant jet 5, second section refrigerant is pure water, usage quantity is 500～800kg/h, utilizes the latent heat of phase change and the thermal capacitance of water self, and hot-fluid 1 temperature is dropped to 600～800K.
Quenching process steady running is taken a sample to product gas therebetween, and after the data of gathering were analyzed and calculated, the content of acetylene descended to some extent, but energy consumption of unit product is by having only water-cooled 13kWh/kg C
2H
2, will reduce to 8kWh/kg C
2H
2, improved the comprehensive benefit of this process greatly.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of product quenching device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process, comprise plasma producing apparatus, coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber and chilling chamber, plasma producing apparatus (6) lower end is provided with coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber (7), it is characterized in that, this quenching apparatus has two chilling chambeies, coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber (7) lower end sets gradually first section chilling chamber (2) and second section chilling chamber (3), and first section chilling chamber (2) and sidewall upper peripheral position place, second section chilling chamber (3) are provided with first section coolant jet (4) and second section coolant jet (5) respectively.
2, described a kind of product quenching device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process according to claim 1 is characterized in that, first section coolant jet (4) and second section coolant jet (5) number are 4～12.
3, described a kind of product quenching device that is applied to plasma coal cracking process according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that described first section coolant jet (4) and second section coolant jet (5) are that straight tube inserts, bend pipe stretches into and forms at least a in the reverse-flow spout dual mode.
4, a kind of product quenching method that is applied to plasma coal cracking process, it is characterized in that, this method comprises two sections emergency cooling process, concrete steps are as follows: plasma body and coal dust that plasma producing apparatus (6) produces react in coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber (7), the hot-fluid (1) that forms enters first section chilling chamber (2) by coal plasma pyrolysis reaction chamber (7), carry out first section chilling in this section ingress, first section refrigerant sprays into through first section coolant jet (4), contact with hot-fluid (1), thermo-negative reaction takes place in self, or with hot-fluid (1) in component generation thermo-negative reaction, hot-fluid (1) enters second section chilling chamber (3) after through first section chilling chamber (2), carry out second section chilling in this section ingress, second section refrigerant sprays into through second section coolant jet (5), and hot-fluid (1) temperature is dropped to 600～800K.
5, a kind of product quenching method that is applied to plasma coal cracking process according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described hot-fluid (1) is the product of coal plasma pyrolysis, comprises high-temperature gas and coal dust, and its temperature range is 1500～2500K.
6, a kind of product quenching method that is applied to plasma coal cracking process according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described first section organism that refrigerant is high hydrocarbon mass ratio, for carbonatoms less than 6 gaseous alkanes, Sweet natural gas, coke(oven)gas, refinery gas, acetylene tail gas, at least a in the ethene waste gas, perhaps be benzene, crude benzol or substituted benzene, perhaps be that carbonatoms is greater than at least a liquid in 5 the aliphatic hydrocarbon, it perhaps is liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), petroleum distillates and residue, gasoline, raw gasline, kerosene, crude oil, pitch, gas oil, residual oil, tar sand oils or shale oil, coal oil generation, coal tar, recycle gasoline, at least a in the furfural extraction thing of coker gas oil perhaps is coal dust.
7, a kind of product quenching method that is applied to plasma coal cracking process according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described second section refrigerant is at least a in water vapour, pure water, coal water slurry supernatant liquor or the vapor condensation water.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102068953A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-05-25 | 清华大学 | Millisecond rapid cooling device applied to coal pyrolysis process of plasmas |
| CN102336627A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Process for cracking coal hydrogen mixture by using plasma to form quenching medium |
| CN103084129A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Multi-stage plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor and method for producing acetylene by using same |
| CN104451762A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by electric arc |
| CN108659579A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-10-16 | 宁波德泰化学有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of environmentally-friecarbon carbon black |
| CN110527555A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 中石化上海工程有限公司 | A kind of system of long distillate cracking of crude oil ethylene |
-
2009
- 2009-05-08 CN CNA2009100837068A patent/CN101550057A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102068953A (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2011-05-25 | 清华大学 | Millisecond rapid cooling device applied to coal pyrolysis process of plasmas |
| CN102068953B (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2013-10-16 | 清华大学 | Millisecond rapid cooling device applied to coal pyrolysis process of plasmas |
| CN102336627A (en) * | 2011-06-29 | 2012-02-01 | 新疆天业（集团）有限公司 | Process for cracking coal hydrogen mixture by using plasma to form quenching medium |
| CN103084129A (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2013-05-08 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Multi-stage plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor and method for producing acetylene by using same |
| CN103084129B (en) * | 2011-10-28 | 2014-11-26 | 北京低碳清洁能源研究所 | Multi-stage plasma cracking carbonaceous material reactor and method for producing acetylene by using same |
| CN104451762A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-03-25 | 中国科学技术大学先进技术研究院 | Device for preparing acetylene through pulverized coal pyrolysis by electric arc |
| CN108659579A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2018-10-16 | 宁波德泰化学有限公司 | A kind of manufacturing method of environmentally-friecarbon carbon black |
| CN110527555A (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2019-12-03 | 中石化上海工程有限公司 | A kind of system of long distillate cracking of crude oil ethylene |
| CN110527555B (en) * | 2019-09-27 | 2021-09-14 | 中石化上海工程有限公司 | System for ethylene is prepared to thermal cracking of wide fraction crude oil |
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Application publication date: 20091007 |