CN101545985A - Method for computing proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient based on wavelet transformation - Google Patents
Method for computing proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient based on wavelet transformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A method for computing proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient based on wavelet transformation comprises the following steps: 1) preprocessing seismic data; 2) inputting seismic data and seismic interpretation horizon of corresponding explanation interval; 3) executing wavelet transformation to the input seismic data for obtaining the real part and imaginary part of wavelet transformation; 4) computing the instantaneous amplitude under different dimension factors with a formula (a, b)=*** and obtaining the instantaneous amplitude of different frequency band; 5) computing the wavelet high-low frequency instantaneous amplitude ratio along the horizon with a formula CL, j=sigma ai, j; 6) designing a wave filter with the formula Cai=FL(Ci) for obtaining the characterization oil-gas abnormity for obtaining the proposed absorption coefficient; 7) repeating the steps 4-6 to each seismic channel for obtaining the proposed absorption coefficient of objective horizon of all seismic channels; and 8) drafting the computed proposed absorption coefficient. The instantaneous proposed absorption coefficient computed by the invention does not have an average effect and can accurately depict the high-frequency attenuation characteristic of each sand layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the exploration of oil and gas field technical field, belong to the seismic data interpretation category, specifically a kind of computing method based on the wavelet transformation proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient.
Background technology
The earthquake time frequency analysis comes from the signal analysis that Gabor and other people grew up in the mid-40 in 20th century, and it is a product of signal analysis development.Gabor points out that the signal such as the frequency modulation wireless transmission can not be with traditional fourier methods analysis, because their frequency content is a time to time change.Fourier analysis becomes its sinusoidal component with a signal decomposition, does not change this in time with frequency content and is assumed to be the basis; Therefore, in fourier methods, a signal both can have been described with its time and express, and also can express with its phase place and spectral amplitude.We know that the spectrum composition of seismic trace is to change with the whilst on tour that passes the stratum, and most typical is exactly that radio-frequency component at first is depleted.Common Fourier spectrum component with estimation in a plurality of hours windows, rather than with the spectrum of full road length or with time variant deconvolution and other time varying spectrum mapping algorithm, compensate and compose composition over time.Gabor does more general hypothesis: a signal can be the function of time and frequency simultaneously, describes sort signal by means of the complex seismic trace analysis then.After seismic event is through the stratum, after the stratum contains fluid, remarkable conversion also will take place in the frequecy characteristic of seismic event.
Wavelet analysis is frontier that develops rapidly in the current mathematics, and it has deeply theoretical simultaneously and uses double meaning very widely.The notion of wavelet transformation is at first to be proposed in 1974 by the slip-stick artist J.Morlet that France is engaged in the oil signal Processing, the foundation of the actual needs experience of the directly perceived and signal Processing by physics inversion formula.It is compared with Fourier conversion, Gabor conversion, it is the local conversion of time and frequency, thereby can effectively information extraction from signal, by calculation functions such as flexible and translations function or signal are carried out multiscale analysis, the indeterminable many difficult problems of Fourier conversion have been solved, thereby the small echo variation is described as " school microscop ", and it is a landmark progress on the harmonic analysis development history.
The application of wavelet analysis is that the theoretical research with wavelet analysis closely combines.Small wave converting method has been obtained the achievement that attracts people's attention in oil field, has become its important ingredient.
When seismic event during along the downward incident in stratum, with the intensification of the degree of depth, radio-frequency component is absorbed, and form the phenomenon of high frequency attenuation, but this high frequency attenuation is a kind of background value of linear increment.When seismic event passes hydrocarbon zone, can form the local high-frequency relaxation phenomenon, some commercial reservoir description software of foreign country have also adopted said method to detect hydrocarbon-bearing pool.At present in the business software, the main employing asked for the plan absorption coefficient based on the short window fourier-transform, and this method is mainly according to short window, the time window fourier-transform relative fourier-transform have that temporal frequency local property preferably realizes.By the short window fourier-transform, more can be effectively information extraction in the middle of the signal, thereby seismic signal is carried out multiple dimensioned refinement analysis.Representational method mainly contains: 1) M.P.Matherey etc. 1995 has proposed to ask for unusual spectrum with fourier-transform, than calculating the high frequency attenuation rate, promptly intends absorption coefficient with low-and high-frequency.2) Russian PANGEA has also adopted similar method to calculate in hour window along layer and has intended absorption coefficient, and has obtained certain effect in actual oil and gas detection application process.The technical difficult points of this method is how to seek the boundary treatment algorithm of optimization, to eliminate the truncation effect that the short window truncation funcation is produced.Its major defect is that the width of its time-frequency window is constant to the spectrum of observing all frequencies, therefore it lacks selectivity to the low-and high-frequency Signal Processing, be not suitable for seismic data is carried out high-precision time frequency analysis, and based on fourier-transform in short-term calculate high frequency attenuation constantly window choose existing problems, the time window too little, though can reduce the gibbs effect with expanding the limit method, produce artificial unusual easily; The time window too big, when whole, have average effect in the window, being difficult to accurately, high frequency attenuation appears in that layer of sand of portrayal.In addition, the fourier-transform local characteristic is very poor, is difficult to use in micro-analysis.Therefore use and also be restricted.
Summary of the invention
At conventional short window fourier transform method the low-and high-frequency Signal Processing is lacked selectivity, be not suitable for seismic data is carried out high-precision time frequency analysis, the shortcoming that application is restricted, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention are to provide a kind of computing method based on the wavelet transformation proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient.Use this method, can improve the time frequency analysis precision; Can obtain high precision and intend absorption coefficient, can improve and utilize seismic data to carry out the ability of fluid identification of reservoir; Have certain anti-noise ability, adaptability is strong.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of being taked: a kind of computing method based on the wavelet transformation proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient comprise the steps:
1) seismic data pre-service to widen seismic data effective band width, improves the seismic data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio);
2), determine seismic data effective spectrum scope to the meticulous spectrum analysis of seismic data;
3) explain seismic data layer position, and geological data is carried out the explanation of layer position, and interpolation, processing such as level and smooth are carried out in the seismic interpretation layer position of picking up;
4) the input geological data is done wavelet transformation, obtain the real part and the imaginary part of wavelet transformation;
5) calculate instantaneous amplitude under the different scale factor by following formula, and obtain the instantaneous amplitude of different frequency range;
a∈[a
i，a
i+1]
In the formula, s
R(a b) is the real part of wavelet transformation; s
I(a b) is the imaginary part of wavelet transformation;
6) calculate small echo low-and high-frequency instantaneous amplitude ratio along layer position by following formula;
In the formula, C
L, jBe the plan mean absorption coefficient of ordering along L layer j; C
Ai, jBe i, the plan absorption coefficient that j is ordered; W is a window width in a period of time.
7), obtain to characterize oil and gas anomaly and form the plan absorption coefficient by the following formula designing filter;
C
ai＝F
L(C
i)
In the formula, C
AiBe that oil and gas anomaly forms the plan absorption coefficient; F
LIt is the linear time-varying low frequency filter;
8) each seismic trace is repeated above-mentioned (4-7) process, obtain the plan absorption coefficient of the corresponding objective interval of all seismic traces;
9) ask for plan absorption coefficient is charted.
Cardinal principle of the present invention is as follows:
According to the definition of wavelet function, the corresponding different scale factor of definable [a
i, a
I+1] under instantaneous amplitude, the instantaneous amplitude that promptly is equivalent under the different frequency bands is
a∈[a
i，a
i+1]
S wherein
R(a b) is the real part of wavelet transformation; s
l(a b) is the imaginary part of wavelet transformation.
When seismic event passed hydrocarbon zone, the high frequency composition of instantaneous amplitude obviously was absorbed, and the low frequency composition is retained substantially.Therefore, definition physical parameter plan absorption coefficient is:
In the formula, A
Hi, A
LThe instantaneous amplitude of representing high and low frequency respectively.λ
iBe the different A of correspondence
HiCorrection coefficient, C
iBe absorption coefficient,
iFrequency sequence number (a ∈ [a for high band
i, a
I+1]).A
L(concrete low frequency frequency determines that by test its L is low-frequency range frequency sequence number (a ∈ [a for low frequency dominant frequency amplitude
l, a
L+1]).Well logging shows the λ of hydrocarbon zone demarcation seismic trace near well absorption coefficient according to the well lie
iCorrection coefficient.
Φ
max＝[C
i-C_]
2 (3)
In the formula, C
iBe the responsive frequency range absorption coefficient of correspondence, C_ is the absorption coefficient mean value in the window w in a period of time.
By (2) formula, can provide the most responsive absorption frequency range a ∈ [a
i, a
I+1]; By (3) formula, can provide the instantaneous absorption data body that is used for the hydrocarbon-bearing pool detection.
The plan suction coefficient low value that is calculated by formula (2) has two ingredients unusually, and promptly oil gas forms unusual C
AiStrengthen forming the unusual C of formation absorption with deepening to absorb with the stratum
Bi
C
i＝C
ai+C
bi (4)
Select a linear time-varying low frequency filter F
L
C
ai＝F
L(C
i) (5)
In the formula, C
AiBe exactly that oil and gas anomaly forms the plan absorption coefficient.
Because it is too big to intend the unusual difference of absorption coefficient data volume, add that low-frequency component strengthens from shallow to dark, high frequency absorption increases, make and be difficult to directly analyze and definite plan absorption coefficient low value exceptions area relevant with oil gas from intending the absorption coefficient data volume, unusual for the ease of the plan absorption coefficient that identification oil gas causes than low value, adopt the method for extracting along layer.
In the formula, C
L, jBe the plan mean absorption coefficient of ordering along L layer j; C
Ai, jBe i, the plan absorption coefficient that j is ordered; W is a window width in a period of time.(6) formula can provide along the extraction of layer proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient.
The present invention mainly utilizes the wavelet field frequency division to calculate instantaneous amplitude, then, utilizes low-and high-frequency recently to calculate high frequency attenuation, promptly intends absorption coefficient.This resolution of the present invention depends on original resolution of seismic section.Compared with prior art, major advantage of the present invention is as follows:
1) the present invention mainly utilizes the wavelet field frequency division to calculate instantaneous amplitude, then, utilizes low-and high-frequency recently to calculate high frequency attenuation, promptly intends absorption coefficient.Because utilized the excellent characteristics of the local voltinism of wavelet analysis, therefore, there is not average effect in the instantaneous plan absorption coefficient that calculates, can accurately depict each layer of sand high frequency attenuation feature.
Can demarcate by log data when 2) the present invention calculates, therefore, its precision is the common method height now.
3) have certain anti-noise ability, adaptability is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 (a) is embodiment 1 an original seismic section,
Fig. 1 (b) is that embodiment 1 small echo calculates earthquake low frequency instantaneous amplitude section,
Fig. 1 (c) is that embodiment 1 small echo calculates earthquake high frequency instantaneous amplitude section,
Fig. 1 (d) is the instantaneous absorption coefficient section of earthquake that embodiment 1 calculates,
Fig. 1 (e) is the plan mean absorption coefficient curve that embodiment 1 calculates along layer,
Fig. 2 (a) is that embodiment 2 evens up seismic section along objective interval,
Fig. 2 (b) is the plan absorption coefficient testing result that embodiment 2 crosses Fu4 well and Fu2 well,
Fig. 2 (c) is the plan absorption coefficient testing result that embodiment 2 crosses Fu4 well and Fu7 well,
Fig. 2 (d) is that embodiment 2 is at T
Jls-20～T
JlsThe time intend the absorption coefficient analysis result in the window.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1 present embodiment is the embodiment of the present invention at the Liaohe Oil Field well.Based on the computing method of wavelet transformation proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient, step is as follows:
1) the seismic data pre-service to obtaining according to a conventional method to widen seismic data effective band width, improves the seismic data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio); 2), determine seismic data effective spectrum scope to the meticulous spectrum analysis of seismic data; 3) explain seismic data layer position, and geological data is carried out the explanation of layer position, and interpolation, processing such as level and smooth are carried out in the seismic interpretation layer position of picking up; 4) seismic horizon with geological data, explanation is input, adopts wavelet analysis technology that the input geological data is done wavelet transformation, obtains the real part and the imaginary part of wavelet transformation; 5) calculate instantaneous amplitude under the different scale factor by formula (1), and obtain the instantaneous amplitude of different frequency range; Calculate small echo low-and high-frequency instantaneous amplitude ratio along layer position by formula (6) again; 6), obtain to characterize oil and gas anomaly and form the plan absorption coefficient by formula (5) designing filter.7) to each earthquake to repeating above-mentioned 4-6 processes, obtain the plan absorption coefficient of the corresponding objective interval of all seismic traces.8) ask for plan absorption coefficient is charted, offer the seismic data interpretation personnel, be used for fluid identification of reservoir research.
Fig. 1 (a) is the original seismic section of present embodiment.This line is crossed A, B well.Shown in the figure (a), s31, s33, s34 are the oily reservoir at this well.Reservoir S31, S33, S34 cross direction profiles are between CDP6200 to 6950.
Fig. 1 (b) is the low frequency section of present embodiment, is the earthquake low frequency instantaneous amplitude of utilizing small echo to calculate, sees that obviously lineups are wide from seismic section, shows low-frequency information.
Fig. 1 (c) is the high frequency section of present embodiment, is to utilize small echo to calculate earthquake high frequency instantaneous amplitude, sees that obviously lineups are thin from seismic section, shows high-frequency information.
The earthquake instantaneous absorption coefficient section of Fig. 1 (d) for calculating, what M pointed to is oil bearing reservoir.This figure clearly intends absorption coefficient between S31 to S33 low, refers to white portion.Wherein, cover mud stone on the S33 and demonstrate also that to intend absorption coefficient low, promptly high frequency attenuation is fast.Intend the low abnormal ranges of absorption coefficient at S31 to S34, between the CDP6200 to 6900, this conforms to actual conditions.But because seismic signal high frequency attenuation background of existence from shallow to dark therefore in deep layer, just also exists the plan absorption coefficient low unusual below 2.6 seconds.Fracture shatter belt between tomography also is to intend absorption coefficient to hang down unusual.
Fig. 1 (e) is the proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient curve along S31, S33, S34 layer.There is a low value district A1 in S31 (on the figure) at CDP6430 to CDP6940, and the plan absorption coefficient hangs down this and reservoir development matches.S33 (among the figure) low value is not obvious unusually, has a low value district A2 at CDP6580 to CDP6820.There is the unusual A3 of obvious low value in S34 (figure down) at CDP6300 to CDP6900, and this matches with this interval lithologic oil pool of finding, and is confirmed by drilling well in the recent period.
In a word, obtain instantaneous amplitude with wavelet transformation and calculate the plan absorption coefficient, the plan absorption coefficient that does not exist fourier-transform to calculate has equalization character, is easy to accurately depict a certain layer of sand high frequency attenuation feature; Adopt a timing window (hour window) to calculate along layer and intend absorption coefficient, it is unusual to eliminate background, directly detects hydrocarbon-bearing pool; Otherwise, must consideration how to eliminate the unusual problem of background.This just at present external software all adopts hour window to calculate the reason of intending absorption coefficient; This method is comprehensively used with the plan absorption coefficient body that calculates and the plan mean absorption coefficient and the proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient that calculate along layer, and in conjunction with geologic information as information such as fracture, stratum, can farthest reduce by the fracture shatter belt, the deep layer high frequency absorption, the low multi-solution that brings unusually of the plan absorption coefficient that the mud stone high frequency absorption causes.
Embodiment 2 present embodiments are that the present invention is at Xinjiang Zhunger Basin embodiment.Based on the computing method of wavelet transformation proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient, step is identical with embodiment 1, for for purpose of brevity, no longer repeats.
Fig. 2 (a) is that present embodiment is evened up seismic section along objective interval.
Fig. 2 (b) is the plan absorption coefficient testing result that present embodiment is crossed Fu4 well and Fu2 well, and wherein, B1 is an energy profile, and B2 is the frequency section, and B3 intends the absorption coefficient section.At objective interval, obvious low frequency absorbs by force near the Fu4 well; And Fu2 well absorption coefficient is low, also is not in low frequency.
Fig. 2 (c) was the plan absorption coefficient testing result of Fu4 well and Fu7 well, and wherein B1 is an energy profile, and B2 is the frequency section, and B3 intends the absorption coefficient section.At objective interval, near the obviously strong absorption Fu4 well, low frequency, high-energy; And Fu7 well absorption coefficient is low, also is not in low frequency range, and near strong absorption may be caused by oily.
Fig. 2 (d) is at 3D seismic data, intends the absorption coefficient analysis result when objective interval is got 2ms in the window, determines favourable oily scope according to the power of absorption coefficient.From the absorption coefficient planimetric map that extracts is can see on Fig. 2 (d), can mark off three high absorption coefficients (referring to the redness among the figure) district on low absorption coefficient (referring to the blue and green among the figure) background.To the north of the Fu4 well, the zone that ribbon distributes.This zone has and comprises three separate strong absorption coefficient districts, and to the north of the Fu4 well, the zone on the south the Crossline1120 is maximum.The middle part, work area, the block zone that distributes; The probable ranges Inline100-200 that distributes, Crossline700-900.Strong absorption coefficient district, Full well northwest; The probable ranges Inline100-260 that distributes, Crossline450-650; Form is nearly transmeridional taper.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of computing method based on the wavelet transformation proposed instantaneous absorption coefficient comprise the steps:
1) seismic data pre-service to widen seismic data effective band width, improves the seismic data signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio);
2), determine seismic data effective spectrum scope to the meticulous spectrum analysis of seismic data;
3) explain seismic data layer position, and geological data is carried out the explanation of layer position, and interpolation, processing such as level and smooth are carried out in the seismic interpretation layer position of picking up;
4) the input geological data is done wavelet transformation, obtain the real part and the imaginary part of wavelet transformation;
5) calculate instantaneous amplitude under the different scale factor by following formula, and obtain the instantaneous amplitude of different frequency range;
a∈[a
i，a
i+1]
In the formula, s
R(a b) is the real part of wavelet transformation; s
I(a b) is the imaginary part of wavelet transformation;
6) calculate small echo low-and high-frequency instantaneous amplitude ratio along layer position by following formula;
In the formula, C
L, jBe the plan mean absorption coefficient of ordering along L layer j; C
Ai, jBe i, the plan absorption coefficient that j is ordered; W is a window width in a period of time.
7), obtain to characterize oil and gas anomaly and form the plan absorption coefficient by the following formula designing filter;
C
ai＝F
L(C
i)
In the formula, C
AiBe that oil and gas anomaly forms the plan absorption coefficient; F
LIt is the linear time-varying low frequency filter;
8) each seismic trace is repeated above-mentioned (4-7) process, obtain the plan absorption coefficient of the corresponding objective interval of all seismic traces;
9) ask for plan absorption coefficient is charted.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101923176A (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2010-12-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for oil and gas detection by utilizing seismic data instantaneous frequency attribute |
| CN102323615A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-01-18 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for reservoir prediction and fluid identification with earthquake data and device |
| CN102323612A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-01-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method and apparatus that detects natural gas pool based on seismic signal |
| CN102466819A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-23 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Spectrum analysis method of seismic signal and apparatus thereof |
| CN103064112B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2016-05-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of absorption process that detects stratum oil-gas possibility |
-
2009
- 2009-05-05 CN CN200910138387A patent/CN101545985A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101923176A (en) * | 2010-07-06 | 2010-12-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method for oil and gas detection by utilizing seismic data instantaneous frequency attribute |
| CN102466819A (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2012-05-23 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Spectrum analysis method of seismic signal and apparatus thereof |
| CN102466819B (en) * | 2010-11-03 | 2014-04-16 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Spectrum analysis method of seismic signal and apparatus thereof |
| CN102323612A (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2012-01-18 | 中国石油大学(北京) | A kind of method and apparatus that detects natural gas pool based on seismic signal |
| CN102323612B (en) * | 2011-05-27 | 2013-06-12 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Method for detecting natural gas reservoir based on seismic signal and equipment |
| CN102323615A (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2012-01-18 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for reservoir prediction and fluid identification with earthquake data and device |
| CN102323615B (en) * | 2011-06-02 | 2013-11-06 | 中国石油集团川庆钻探工程有限公司地球物理勘探公司 | Method for reservoir prediction and fluid identification with earthquake data and device |
| CN103064112B (en) * | 2011-10-18 | 2016-05-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of absorption process that detects stratum oil-gas possibility |
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