CN101545570A - Method and device for air-valve surge chambers for controlling pipeline transient liquid-column separation - Google Patents
Method and device for air-valve surge chambers for controlling pipeline transient liquid-column separation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101545570A CN101545570A CN200910082207A CN200910082207A CN101545570A CN 101545570 A CN101545570 A CN 101545570A CN 200910082207 A CN200910082207 A CN 200910082207A CN 200910082207 A CN200910082207 A CN 200910082207A CN 101545570 A CN101545570 A CN 101545570A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method and a device for air-valve surge chambers for controlling pipeline transient liquid-column separation, which are a method and a device for hydraulic engineering. Facilities of the device include a horizontal or nearly horizontal main pipe of a long-distance water conveyance pipeline, as well as a short pipe forming a convex point on the main pipe, wherein the short pipe is arranged above the main pipe; the bottom of the short pipe is communicated with the main pipe; the top of the short pipe is sealed; and the top of the short pipe is provided with at least one air valve. The invention has the advantages of setting the convex point, namely the short pipe or called surge chambers in the application of the invention, in the main pipe, utilizing the method of allowing air to enter fast and discharging the air slowly to effectively avoid liquid vaporization and impact water pressure and stabilizing the working state of the long-distance water conveyance pipeline. The invention also has the following advantages that the device works only under the condition that air cells appear, thereby not affecting normal water conveyance; the arrangement of the device is not limited by terrain, namely the device can be arranged on the convex point of the pipeline or on a horizontal segment; and the device is small in investment and simple in structure.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the air valve surge-chamber method and apparatus that a kind of controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separates, is a kind of hydraulic engineering method and apparatus, is used for the method and apparatus that Long-distance Pipeline for Water Conveyance controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separates.
Background technique
Long-distance Pipeline for Water Conveyance can produce some problems because of the effect of air and water in the water delivery process:
(1) at water-filling first or when needing emptying, a large amount of air will be discharged or suck to pipe-line system.Characteristics are that the air quantity of discharge (or suction) is big, more concentrated, and do not need too high pressure.
(2) in service in pipe-line system, remaining gas can constantly be overflowed in the water body, accumulates in the eminence of pipe-line system, gently then reduces operational efficiency, and is heavy then cause the pipeline accident, therefore should be in time with these gases discharges.Characteristics are that the gas flow that will discharge is few, and these gases mostly are among the higher pressure environment.
(3) in the Hydraulic Transient process of burst accident Pump Failure, need prevent that hydraulic pressure is reduced to the following vaporizing liquid that takes place of barometric pressure (negative pressure), perhaps column separation phenomenon, and the hydraulic pressure ascending liquid regroups and produces the huge impact high pressure subsequently.Characteristics are to prevent that negative pressure from needing a large amount of air enter pipeline, form slowly exhaust of impulse high voltage and prevent that separating liquid from regrouping.
In the long at home at present aqueduct water hammer control procedure, Designers are to adopting air valve interested, and reason is that the air valve that can be utilized as the water filling process setting is finished accident conditions, as the hydraulic pressure control of Pump Failure, invest minimum.A large amount of practices show, when the water delivery line big rise and fall, under water pump accident outage condition, the hydraulic pressure of the high point of circuit at first drops to below the barometric pressure, just can prevent that whole circuit hydraulic pressure from dropping to vaporizing liquid pressure so usually only need air valve to be set at these high points, in this case, each air valve can be controlled quite long pipeline variation in water pressure, guarantees the safety of water delivery.But, when water delivery line changes when mild, according to standard air valve being set and usually can not meeting design requirement, reason is that each air valve can only be controlled the very variation in water pressure of short-term road.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to propose the air valve surge-chamber method and apparatus that a kind of controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separates at above-mentioned technical problem.The method of the invention and device are provided with surge-chamber in the appropriate location of aqueduct, and at the top of surge-chamber outlet valve are set, and the transient liquid-column of effectively having controlled pipeline separates.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this: the air valve surge-chamber device that a kind of controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separates, the facility of described device comprises: level or near the main of the long distance water transfer circuit of level, on described main, form the short tube of raised points, described short tube is arranged in the top of main, the bottom of described short tube is communicated with main, the top seal of described short tube, the short tube top is equipped with at least one air valve.In order to reduce the volume of surge-chamber, the surge shaft bottom can be provided with the impedance hole.
Use the air valve surge-chamber method of the controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separation of said apparatus, the job step of described method under three kinds of states:
Main begins water delivery:
Water body is full of main gradually, and the air in the main is squeezed in the short tube gradually;
The pressure of the air of assembling in the short tube surpasses barometric pressure;
Air valve is opened automatically, with the air in the short tube progressively put into atmosphere;
The normal water delivery of main:
Be full of water body in the short tube, do not have gas;
Air valve is in closed condition;
The improper decompression of main:
Water body in the main continues to flow out, and follow-up water body can not continue, and hydraulic pressure descends;
The hydraulic pressure at short tube top drops to below the barometric pressure;
Air valve is opened automatically, and the air that absorbs fast in the atmosphere enters short tube.
The beneficial effect that the present invention produces is: raised points is set in main, be short tube or the title surge-chamber in the present patent application, utilize the method for quick air inlet and exhaust at a slow speed to avoid vaporizing liquid effectively and impacted hydraulic pressure, stablized the working state of Long-distance Pipeline for Water Conveyance.The present invention also has the following advantages:
(1) only works under the condition of air bag occurring, do not influence normal water delivery;
(2) setting is not limited by landform, can be arranged on the circuit raised points, horizontal segment can be set yet;
(3) investment is little, simple in structure.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of the embodiment of the invention one shown device;
Fig. 2 is the embodiment of the invention two, three described device schematic representation, is the sectional drawing of Figure 1A-A;
Fig. 3 is the embodiment of the invention three described device schematic representation.
Embodiment
Embodiment one:
Present embodiment is the air valve surge-chamber device that a kind of controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separates, as shown in Figure 1.The facility of the described device of present embodiment comprises: level or near the main 1 of the long distance water transfer circuit of level, on described main, form the short tube 4 of raised points, described short tube is arranged in the top of main, the bottom of described short tube is communicated with main, the top seal of described short tube, short tube top are equipped with at least one air valve 5.
Present embodiment is provided with a short tube that makes progress on some points through selecting of saying so at delivery main simple in structure, the bottom of this short tube is communicated with fully with main, top seal, form the air chamber of air, and air valve being set on the easiest top that holds air of short tube, the assemblying body that claims this air valve and short tube is the air valve surge-chamber.Utilize air valve to make air discharge or enter short tube,, improve the water delivery operational efficiency to avoid the pipeline accident.
The described main of present embodiment is the long distance water transfer main of level or level of approximation, promptly more smooth water delivery line.Because abnormal gathering or abnormal vaporizing liquid, column separation phenomenon appear in the air in more smooth long distance water transfer main flow easily.This kind vaporizing liquid, column separation phenomenon can cause the separating liquid formation impulse high voltage that regroups, and cause the accident of waterline.Therefore the application of present embodiment is very important.
The described air valve of present embodiment can be one or more, certainly open or close an air valve under manual case, and realize inlet and outlet, but this situation just can realize in theory, implements very difficult in practice.Can use two kinds of air valves in practice, a kind of outlet valve, a kind of suction valve.For avoiding taking place greater impact hydraulic pressure, slowly exhaust during the outlet valve exhausting air.
Air inlet, the exhaust aperture of each air valve surge-chamber top configuration air valve can be different, purpose is to allow that air enters the air valve surge-chamber faster, avoiding aqueduct to produce bigger degree of vacuum, but exhaust process should be slow, to avoid producing huge impact hydraulic pressure.This can realize by two air valves are set, as 1 suction valve (vacuum breaker valve) and 1 micro-evacuating air valve.
The air valve surge-chamber can be arranged vertically, and also can be in tilted layout.The principal element that influences air valve surge-chamber pressure regulating performance is: the height of air valve surge-chamber, volume, and the configuration of air valve.
In order to guarantee that air is constrained in the air valve surge-chamber, the space of air valve surge-chamber must could guarantee that air does not enter aqueduct greater than the instantaneous maximum air bag volume of air valve surge-chamber.The maximum air bag volume here refers to: the shared maximum volume of gas in the working procedure in the surge-chamber.
Two types surge-chamber is arranged: open type surge-chamber (surge shaft), the air cushion type pressure balance chamber of top complete closed (air tank) at present in Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering.The open type surge-chamber structure is simple, and it highly must surpass hydraulic pressure in the water delivery line, if hydraulic pressure is higher, surge-chamber also must be very high, and volume potential must be excessive, though the control of the Hydraulic Transient of open type surge-chamber is effective, but invests huge.Air cushion type pressure balance chamber (air tank) needs the tonifying Qi automatically at any time of configuration air compressor, invests greatlyyer, generally adopts in the little engineering of water delivery flow.With respect to these surge-chambers, it is simple in structure for present embodiment, basic Maintenance free, and user cost is extremely low.As long as the design of surge-chamber volume is proper, just can obtain good effect.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is embodiment one improvement, is the refinement of the described short tube of embodiment, as shown in Figure 2.201 (this facade is vertical with Fig. 2 paper plane in same facade for the central axis 2 of the described short tube of present embodiment and the central axis 3 of main, in Fig. 2, become a line, and with the short tube central axes), or respectively in two facades that are parallel to each other in 201,202.The angle β of the central axis of described short tube and the projection of main axis in facade greater than 30 ° less than 150 °, as shown in Figure 3.
Present embodiment is expressed is spatial position between short tube and the main, and short tube can insert in the main sideling, and its central axis also can be intersects with the central axis of main.In any case short tube and main intersect, the bottom of short tube and main UNICOM completely are very important.
Embodiment three:
Present embodiment is embodiment two improvement, is the refinement of embodiment about facade, as shown in Figure 2.The angle α of described facade of present embodiment and horizontal plane greater than 60 ° less than 120 °.
Present embodiment is same, and what express is spatial position between short tube and the main.It is relevant with the needs of actual engineering which type of short tube is set, in actual design even can design crooked short tube.
Embodiment four:
Present embodiment is embodiment one, two, three improvement, is the refinement of the foregoing description about air valve.Described air valve comprises suction valve and outlet valve.
For effectively controlling the speed of air inlet and exhaust, can use the air valve of various inlet and exhaust velocity.
Embodiment five:
Present embodiment is embodiment four improvement, is the refinement of embodiment four about suction valve and outlet valve.The described suction valve of present embodiment is the vacuum breaking suction valve, and described outlet valve is micro-outlet valve.
The vacuum breaking suction valve is a kind of air valve of quick air inlet, and the air in the atmosphere can be entered in the surge-chamber fast, prevents the water body vaporizing liquid under negative pressure in the main.
The trace outlet valve is a kind of evacuating air valve of slow venting, makes in the surge-chamber to assemble the ground air and can enter slowly in the atmosphere, avoids taking place greater impact hydraulic pressure, improves emptying effectiveness.
Embodiment six:
The air valve surge-chamber method that present embodiment is to use the controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column of the described device of the foregoing description to separate, the job step of the described method of present embodiment under three kinds of states:
Main begins water delivery:
Water body is full of main gradually, and the air in the main is squeezed in the short tube gradually;
The pressure of the air of assembling in the short tube surpasses barometric pressure;
Air valve is opened automatically, with the air in the short tube progressively put into atmosphere;
The normal water delivery of main:
Be full of water body in the short tube, do not have gas;
Air valve is in closed condition;
The improper decompression of main:
Water body in the main continues to flow out, and follow-up water body can not continue, and hydraulic pressure descends;
The hydraulic pressure at short tube top drops to below the barometric pressure;
Air valve is opened automatically, and the air that absorbs fast in the atmosphere enters short tube.
Present embodiment is described to be method of work and the state of embodiment's one to five described device in main water delivery process.Basic principle is: when normal water delivery, air valve cuts out and does not work, and surge-chamber (short tube) is full of water body, does not have gas.Depress when the surge-chamber top water and to drop to barometric pressure when following, the air valve air inlet forms air bag in surge-chamber, to prevent aqueduct generation vaporizing liquid phenomenon, perhaps surpass the high vacuum pressure (negative pressure) of pipeline ability to bear.When surge-chamber bottom hydraulic pressure surpasses barometric pressure, gas compression in the surge-chamber, and slowly discharge by air valve, to avoid taking place greater impact hydraulic pressure.
The practical application of present embodiment and the described method and apparatus of the foregoing description: draw the tender Baicheng City water supply project water delivery line of going into, by the secondary pumping station water lift.One-level is by husky soaked storehouse, ocean water lift pumping plant water intaking (pile No. 0.0m), and the long 24.695km of water main diameter 1.4m pipeline adopts PCCP two-tube.Secondary is from Zhenlai booster station (pile No. 25.702km), and water main diameter 1.2m length overall is 66.155km, adopts PCCP two-tube.Each pumping plant is installed 5 units, wherein 1 standby.
By a large amount of calculating researchs, tentatively find out and need air valve be set in 81 positions of water delivery line, be provided with at interval on average about 800m.The combination type air valve is adopted in design.With reference to U.S. GA automatic control pressure vent, air valve charge flow rate coefficient μ
In=0.7, extraction flow coefficient μ
Out=0.7.The big exhaust port allowable pressure difference of low pressure (pipeline pressure and barometric pressure poor, when exhaust pressure reaches this value, big vent ports is closed, then by the slowly exhaust of high pressure gas hole) adopt conventional recommendation 3.5m head, the high pressure small de-air hole is 0.0254m (1 inch in standard aperture) directly.Water intake pumping station outlet pipe air valve low pressure intake and exhaust aperture is 0.15m, and booster station outlet pipe air valve low pressure intake and exhaust aperture is 0.10m.
Pool water level 137.0m before the water intake pumping station, booster station water outlet pool water level 165.0m.Pipeline roughness: PCCP manages comprehensive roughness 0.012, steel pipe roughness 0.012.
Initial conditions: 4 pump operations of each pumping plant, rated speed, ocean husky bubble water lift pumping plant list pump initial flow 1.04m
3/ s, Zhenlai booster station list pump initial flow 0.82m
3/ s.
In order to prevent to produce enormous impact hydraulic pressure in the accident outage air valve exhaust process, need the air valve surge-chamber be set 5 positions, wherein the water intake pumping station outlet pipe is provided with 1, and the position is at pile No. 14150.0m place; The booster station outlet pipe is provided with 4, and the position is respectively at pile No. 34958.3m, 47115.2m, 54204.7m, 60032m place.The air valve surge-chamber height that adopts is 3m, and diameter is identical with the main of connection.Each air valve surge-chamber top is provided with 1 suction valve (vacuum breaker valve) and 1 micro-outlet valve, suction valve air inlet aperture 0.05m, micro-outlet valve exhaust aperture 0.0254m.Pei Zhi purpose is to allow that air enters the air valve surge-chamber faster like this, and avoiding producing bigger degree of vacuum, but exhaust process should be slow, to avoid producing huge impact hydraulic pressure.
As calculated and experimental research, the maximum hydraulic pressure of not only most of pipeline equals initial water pressure after adopting present embodiment, and the impact hydraulic pressure in the air valve exhaust process of all fronts significantly reduces: water intake pumping station, booster station outlet pipe export instantaneous maximum hydraulic pressure and are about 30m and 40m head respectively, meet design requirement.The ducted negative pressure in all fronts 〉-3m, also meet design requirement.This shows that employing air valve surge-chamber technology not only can reduce the degree of vacuum of pipeline, and can avoid taking place greater impact hydraulic pressure.In this example, can reduce the impact hydraulic pressure of 10m-20m, significantly reduce the pipeline investment.
Research shows that also the height that increases the air valve surge-chamber is to 5m, and water intake pumping station, booster station outlet pipe export instantaneous maximum hydraulic pressure slightly to be reduced, but difference is about the 5m head.Consider that this engineering is positioned at extremely frigid zones, when the air valve surge-chamber was high, the part of basseting increased, and not only can increase antifreeze construction investment greatly, and influence environmental beauty.In sum, recommend to adopt the high air valve surge-chamber of 3m.
Waterpower transient process under other condition comprises that the exit of pump butterfly valve cuts out, and shows the requirement of adopting present embodiment can satisfy water hammer control.
It should be noted that at last, below only unrestricted in order to technological scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to the preferred arrangement scheme, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make amendment or be equal to replacement technological scheme of the present invention (such as being connected of short tube and main, the shape of short tube, arrangement of air valve etc.), and not break away from the spirit and scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Reference
[1] Li Hui, Pan Yulong.Understanding to gravity flowing pressure water delivery in pipeline system knowledge question of water conservancy." people the Yellow River ", the 25th the 6th phase of volume, in June, 2003,20-21.
[2] treasure of opening, Su Haibin.The design method of pressure piping water delivery inlet and exhaust system." Chinese water supply and drainage ", the 21st the 4th phase of volume, 2005,54-57.
[3] Xiong Shuiying closes prosperous gold awl.The many places water column separates and water hammer due to cavities collapsing integrated protection problem and design example.Chinese environmental engineering central network, 2006-01-21.
[4]Wylie?E?B?and?Streeter?V?L.Fluid?Transients.McGraw-Hill?International?Book?Company，1978.
[5]
Chen NaixiangThe Hydraulic Transient emulation and the control of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering.
Water conservancy and hydropower publishing house, 2005.
[6] Yang Kailin.Hydraulic Transient in power station, the pumping plant and adjusting.Chinese Water Conservancy water power publishing house, 2000.
[7] Yang Kailin etc.The Jilin Province central town supplies water and draws the tender Baicheng City water supply project waterpower transient process research of going into.China Water Resources ﹠ Hydropower Science Research Institute's report.2008.
Claims (6)
1. the air valve surge-chamber device that separates of a controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column, the facility of described device comprises: level or near the main of the long distance water transfer circuit of level, it is characterized in that, on described main, form the short tube of raised points, described short tube is arranged in the top of main, the bottom of described short tube is communicated with main, the top seal of described short tube, and the short tube top is equipped with at least one air valve.
2. device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the central axis of described short tube and the central axis of main are in same facade, or respectively in two facades that are parallel to each other; The angle of the central axis of described short tube and the projection of main axis in facade greater than 30 ° less than 150 °.
3. device according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the angle of described facade and horizontal plane greater than 60 ° less than 120 °.
4. according to claim 1,2, one of 3 described devices, it is characterized in that described air valve comprises suction valve and outlet valve.
5. device according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described suction valve is the vacuum breaking suction valve, and described outlet valve is micro-outlet valve.
6. use the air valve surge-chamber method of the controlling plumbing fixtures transient liquid-column separation of the described device of claim 1, it is characterized in that the job step of described method under three kinds of states:
Main begins water delivery:
Water body is full of main gradually, and the air in the main is squeezed in the short tube gradually;
The pressure of the air of assembling in the short tube surpasses barometric pressure;
Air valve is opened automatically, with the air in the short tube progressively put into atmosphere;
The normal water delivery of main:
Be full of water body in the short tube, do not have gas;
Air valve is in closed condition;
The improper decompression of main:
Water body in the main continues to flow out, and follow-up water body can not continue, and hydraulic pressure descends;
The hydraulic pressure at short tube top drops to below the barometric pressure;
Air valve is opened automatically, and the air that absorbs fast in the atmosphere enters short tube.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100822077A CN101545570B (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2009-04-20 | Device for air-valve surge chambers for controlling pipeline transient liquid-column separation |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2009100822077A CN101545570B (en) | 2009-04-20 | 2009-04-20 | Device for air-valve surge chambers for controlling pipeline transient liquid-column separation |
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| CN101545570A true CN101545570A (en) | 2009-09-30 |
| CN101545570B CN101545570B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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| CN105302997A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-03 | 河海大学 | Liquid column separation-bridged water hammer simulation method based on three-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) |
| CN105468844A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-06 | 河海大学 | Analogy method of water-gas coupling transient flow in pipeline |
| CN105512363A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-04-20 | 河海大学 | Simulation method of water-column separation of pressure pipelines based on Godunov format |
| CN107725959A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-02-23 | 中北大学 | A kind of method for preventing water hammer for colliery |
| CN108561670A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-09-21 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | One kind being used for water delivery by gravity flow system water hammer guard system |
| CN108978793A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-11 | 北京宇豪胜水利科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of water impact preventing Non-energy-consumption is from superfeed pressure tank and method and pressurized tank design method |
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| CN108978793B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2024-07-05 | 北京宇豪胜水利科技咨询有限公司 | Water-impact-resistant energy-consumption-free self-air-supplementing pressure tank and method and pressure tank design method |
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| CN105468844A (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2016-04-06 | 河海大学 | Analogy method of water-gas coupling transient flow in pipeline |
| CN105468844B (en) * | 2015-11-23 | 2018-08-17 | 河海大学 | The analogy method of water-gas coupling transient flow in pipeline |
| CN105512363B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-10-23 | 河海大学 | The analogy method of water column separation in pressure conduit based on Godunov formats |
| CN105512363A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-04-20 | 河海大学 | Simulation method of water-column separation of pressure pipelines based on Godunov format |
| CN105302997A (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2016-02-03 | 河海大学 | Liquid column separation-bridged water hammer simulation method based on three-dimensional CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) |
| CN105302997B (en) * | 2015-11-25 | 2018-10-23 | 河海大学 | A kind of column separation-based on three-dimensional CFD makes the analogy method of water hammer up |
| CN107725959A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-02-23 | 中北大学 | A kind of method for preventing water hammer for colliery |
| CN107725959B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-09-20 | 中北大学 | A method of water hammer is prevented for coal mine |
| CN108561670A (en) * | 2018-06-22 | 2018-09-21 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | One kind being used for water delivery by gravity flow system water hammer guard system |
| CN108978793A (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2018-12-11 | 北京宇豪胜水利科技咨询有限公司 | A kind of water impact preventing Non-energy-consumption is from superfeed pressure tank and method and pressurized tank design method |
| CN108978793B (en) * | 2018-08-15 | 2024-07-05 | 北京宇豪胜水利科技咨询有限公司 | Water-impact-resistant energy-consumption-free self-air-supplementing pressure tank and method and pressure tank design method |
| CN113701989A (en) * | 2021-08-27 | 2021-11-26 | 武汉大学 | Pumped storage model test device and method capable of simulating liquid column separation |
| CN114032859A (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-11 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structure for reducing hydraulic fluctuation of pressure tail water system |
| CN114032859B (en) * | 2021-11-18 | 2023-03-14 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structure for reducing hydraulic fluctuation of pressure tail water system |
| CN115796453A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Municipal sewer pipeline manhole cover exhaust effect assessment method |
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| CN101545570B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
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