CN101538645A - Technique for roasting and dressing laterite nickel ore - Google Patents
Technique for roasting and dressing laterite nickel ore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a technique for roasting and dressing laterite nickel ore. The technique comprises the following steps that: raw ore is crushed, sieved and then roasted for the first time by use of a kiln; cold roasted sand powder is ground into fine powder; the fine powder is mixed well with carbonaceous additives and chlorinating agents and then pelletized to be pellets in a disk pelletizer; the pellets are dried by use of afterheat flue gas of the kiln and then enter a second kiln so as to be roasted; neutral or weak reducing atmosphere is adopted in the roasting process to inhibit the reduction of iron in laterite ore; roasting temperature is controlled below soft melting temperature; the roasted pellets are quenched with water under an airtight condition; water-quenched roasted sand is ground and then dressed so as to obtain nickel-cobalt concentrate; iron in tailings is recovered through high intensity magnetic separation and gravity separation; tail gas of a pellet-roasting kiln is subjected to vortex dust collection, neutralized with lime mortar and concentrated and then passes through a washing tower; and most of chlorinating agents are recovered after water-film dust removal. The technique is characterized by strong raw-material adaptability, simple process flow, low cost, environment-friendly property and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of dissimilar red soil nickel ore and handle and beneficiation method, particularly a kind of processing method of duplex kiln roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore belongs to the non-ferrous metal field.
Background technology
Red soil nickel ore accounts for about 70% in the world land nickel reserves, and along with the minimizing of nickel sulfide ore resource, red soil nickel ore will become the main resource of obtaining nickel, and the lasting high metallurgical technology of red soil nickel ore that makes of nickel valency obtained fast development especially in recent years.
Known red soil nickel ore metallurgical method divides wet method and pyrogenic process, and wet method mainly is high pressure acidleach and reduction roasting-ammonia leaching technology, and pyrogenic process mainly is an ore-smelting furnace smelting high-nickel iron.Above method all is directly to enter metallurgical process with raw ore, because of the red soil nickel ore nickel content is low, causes the material treatment capacity big, defectives such as investment is big so above method exists, production cost height.
Nickel content is very low in the red soil nickel ore, and attached to other ore deposits mutually in, therefore be difficult to enrichment with the simple physics method.Introducing big rivers and mountains factory of Japanese Usiminas in " nonferrous metallurgy " (1996 the 5th phases " the economic smelting process of Rhometal ") adopts rotary kiln to add reductive agent high-temperature roasting laterite, make nickel and part iron be reduced into metal and gathering through 1400 ℃ high temperature, slag is the semi-melting state, the cooling back makes slag separate with ferronickel by ore dressing, gets the higher-grade ferronickel.This method only is applicable to the silicic acid nickel minerals that iron content is low, and production process requires the temperature height, and the slag of semi-melting state causes ring formation of rotary kiln easily, and product is a ferronickel, for containing nickel, the cobalt separation that cobalt ore is unfavorable for next step.
" dchlorine metallurgy " (metallurgical industry press, 1978, the 212-213 page or leaf) introduces in, Japan has done a series of small-sized and expanding tests from 1966 to New Caledonia silicic acid nickel minerals, test conditions is coke powder addition 3.5-4%, chlorizating agent is industrial calcium chloride 6-10%, coke powder mixes back briquetting with chlorizating agent with sample ore, go into the indirect heating rotary kiln baking then, 980 ℃ of maturing temperatures time 90-120 minute, obtain the flotation concentrate of nickeliferous 12-25% under these conditions from the raw ore of 2-3%, rate of recovery 85-90%, concentrate grade can be brought up to 35-40% behind employing flotation-magnetic separation combined process flow.But the limonite type ore effect of the nickeliferous 1-2% of this art breading is relatively poor.
Disclose in the Chinese patent application numbers 2006100110774.8 nickel oxide ore or silicic acid nickel minerals have been broken mill, the auxiliary agent briquetting drying that adds the coke powder be equivalent to raw ore weight 5-15%, 10-30% chlorizating agent, 0.1-1.0%, dry back pelletizing enters the segregation rotary kiln baking, control rotary kiln high temperature zone temperature is 1000-1300 ℃, kiln end temperature 400-600 ℃, roasting time 1-2 hour, get nickel cobalt (alloy) segregation product, the magnetic separator that enters magneticstrength and be 1500-3000 Gauss after shrend sorts, the nickel cobalt concentrate.The weak point of this method is: (1) chlorizating agent consumption is too big, has promptly increased the difficulty that running cost causes vent gas treatment again, and (2) maturing temperature height causes ring formation of rotary kiln easily.
In addition, in the Chinese patent application numbers 200610163832.0, red soil nickel ore is disclosed through broken mill, a certain amount of carbonaceous reducing agent of adding and composite additive, become pelletizing with ball egg shaping mechanism, descended dry 4-6 hour at 200-300 ℃, adopt rotary hearth furnace to carry out fast restore, temperature is controlled at 950-1300 ℃, time 15-40 minute, carry out after the reducing roasting adopting table concentration behind the ore grinding, gravity concentrate adopts 3000-5000 Gauss magnetic separator to sort again, obtains the higher-grade nickel minerals, and its composite additive is sodium-chlor, unslaked lime, iron powder.
And Chinese patent application number: in 200610163831.6, red soil nickel ore is disclosed through broken mill, add carbonaceous reducing agent, composite additive by a certain percentage, become pelletizing with ball egg shaping mechanism, descended dry 4-6 hour at 200-400 ℃, adopt the rotary kiln reducing roasting, temperature is controlled at 950-1300 ℃.Carry out ore grinding and gravity treatment-magnetic separation then.Additive therefor is sodium-chlor, unslaked lime, iron powder.
More than two patented technologies used for reference the technological principle that direct-reduced iron is produced, adopt the method for reducing roasting to handle red soil nickel ore, because maturing temperature height, iron is also reduced by major part in roasting process, cause the aftertreatment difficulty, the nickel ore concentrate grade of selecting is low, handles high Fe contained red soil nickel ore difficulty.
At the shortcoming and defect of above technology, the inventor has finished the present invention through after studying intensively.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide that a kind of adaptability to raw material is strong, technical process is simple, cost is low, equipment dependability is strong, can comprehensive reutilization, the processing method of eco-friendly duplex kiln roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore, can further select iron again to selecting the mine tailing behind the nickel for high Fe contained red soil nickel ore, reach the comprehensive utilization of resource.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore, its step is as follows, and raw ore adopts kiln to carry out the roasting first time behind crushing and screening; Cold calcine powder is worn into fine powder, mixes with additive then, granulates into pelletizing in balling disc; Pelletizing enters second kiln roasting after with the using residual heat from kiln furnace flue gas drying, neutrality or weak reducing atmosphere are adopted in roasting, to suppress the reduction of iron in the laterite, maturing temperature is controlled at the following roasting of pelletizing reflowing temperature, pelletizing shrend in confined conditions after the roasting, shrend calcining are carried out ore dressing and are obtained the nickel cobalt concentrate behind ore grinding; Iron is wherein reclaimed in the mine tailing ore dressing; The pellet roasting kiln exhaust gas adopts whirlpool to gather dust with the lime white neutralization and concentrates, and through washing tower, reclaims most of chlorizating agent behind the water film dedusting; Technical process as shown in Figure 1.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, described first time, maturing temperature was 600-950 ℃, time 20-90 minute; For the second time maturing temperature is at 900-1100 ℃, time 40-180 minute.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, roasting for the first time and roasting for the second time can be adopted two kiln series connection respectively or finish step by step with a kiln.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, described kiln can be a rotary kiln, also can be tunnel furnace, shaft furnace, rotary hearth furnace, multiple bedded furnace, microwave oven etc., wherein preferred rotary kiln, and described kiln is for using one or both.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, described pelletizing diameter is 6-30mm.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, described additive mainly is carbonaceous material and chlorizating agent, and carbonaceous material is coke powder, coal dust, Graphite Powder 99, wood charcoal powder etc., and its add-on is the heavy 3-8 weight % in ore deposit; Chlorizating agent is Calcium Chloride Powder Anhydrous, two water and calcium chloride, six water and calcium chloride, sodium-chlor, magnesium chloride etc., and its add-on is the heavy 3-10 weight % in ore deposit.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, described ore dressing is one or more the combination in magnetic separation, gravity treatment, the flotation.
A kind of optimized technical scheme is characterized in that, described red soil nickel ore is limonite type (high ferro), transition type (middle iron), silicon magnesium type red soil nickel ore, especially is fit to handle limonite type red soil nickel ore.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following advantage: 1. adopt the duplex sinter process: roasting for the first time mainly is free-water, the crystal water of removing in the ore, and has changed the enforcement that mineral phase structure is beneficial to the subordinate phase sinter process by the roasting to material.2. neutrality or weak reducing atmosphere are adopted in the subordinate phase roasting, suppress the reduction of iron, the carbon dust in the pelletizing additive plays the reduction and the metallic nickel absorption of nickelous chloride, does not participate in the reduction of iron as far as possible as far as possible, maturing temperature has been avoided the excessive reduction of iron below 1100 ℃.3. magnetic separation, gravity treatment, floatation process are adopted in ore dressing, improve the grade of nickel ore concentrate as far as possible; Iron in the mine tailing can comprehensively reclaim, and maximally utilises resource.4. tail gas adopts lime white to absorb, and recyclable most of chlorizating agent promptly is beneficial to environmental protection and has reduced cost again.Therefore, characteristics such as the present invention has that adaptability to raw material is strong, technical process is simple, cost is low, equipment dependability is strong, can comprehensively reclaim valuable metals such as nickel in the red soil nickel ore, cobalt, iron, nickel ore concentrate grade height provide a kind of new method for handling dissimilar red soil nickel ores.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified, but and as the restriction to protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Red soil nickel ore is nickeliferous 0.94%, contain cobalt 0.06%, iron content 50.14%, with the 750 ℃ of following roastings 30 minutes in first rotary kiln of this ore deposit, calcining cooling back grinding, calcining behind the grinding and 4% coke powder, 6% calcium chloride mixed pelletizing, pelletizing diameter 6-12mm, 150 ℃ of oven dry of pelletizing 1 hour, dry bulb is gone into second rotary kiln baking, 900 ℃ of maturing temperatures, and oxygen level is lower than 2% in the control tail gas, roasting time 50 minutes, calcining come out of the stove back shrend, ore grinding, ore pulp with in the magneticstrength magnetic separator sort nickel ore concentrate nickeliferous 11.2%, contain cobalt 0.65%, nickel recovery 80%; With this concentrate flotation, concentrate nickel content 18.0% after the flotation; Mine tailing with intensity magnetic separator, shaking table and flotation machine sort iron ore concentrate, iron ore concentrate iron content 63%, the rate of recovery 65%.
Embodiment 2
Nickeliferous 1.42%, the iron content 22.50% of red soil nickel ore, with the 600 ℃ of following roastings 20 minutes in first rotary kiln of this ore deposit, calcining cooling back grinding, calcining behind the grinding and 6% wood charcoal powder, 10% Calcium dichloride dihydrate mixed pelletizing, pelletizing diameter 10-12mm, 150 ℃ of oven dry of pelletizing 1 hour, dry bulb reenters same rotary kiln baking, 1000 ℃ of maturing temperatures, oxygen level is lower than 2%, roasting time 120 minutes in the control tail gas, shrend after calcining is come out of the stove, ore grinding, ore pulp with in the magneticstrength magnetic separator sort nickel ore concentrate nickel content 16.7%, nickel recovery 85%; With this concentrate flotation, concentrate nickel content 24.3% after the flotation.
Embodiment 3
Nickeliferous 1.85%, the iron content 12.83% of red soil nickel ore, with the 900 ℃ of following roastings 90 minutes in first rotary kiln of this ore deposit, calcining cooling back grinding, calcining behind the grinding and 8% coal dust, 8% sodium-chlor mixed pelletizing, pelletizing diameter 10-20mm, 150 ℃ of oven dry of pelletizing 1 hour, dry bulb is gone into second rotary kiln baking, 1100 ℃ of maturing temperatures, oxygen level is lower than 2%, roasting time 180 minutes in the control tail gas, shrend after calcining is come out of the stove, ore grinding, ore pulp with in the magneticstrength magnetic separator sort nickel ore concentrate nickel content 22.9%, nickel recovery 86%; With this concentrate flotation, concentrate nickel content 31.2% after the flotation.
Embodiment 4
Red soil nickel ore is nickeliferous 1.25%, contain cobalt 0.04%, iron content 30.5%, with the 700 ℃ of following roastings 60 minutes in rotary kiln of this ore deposit, calcining cooling back grinding, calcining behind the grinding and 3% petroleum coke powder, 4% 6 water and calcium chloride mixed pelletizing, pelletizing diameter 20-30mm, 150 ℃ of oven dry of pelletizing 1 hour, dry bulb is gone into shaft roasting, 900 ℃ of maturing temperatures, and oxygen level is lower than 2% in the control tail gas, roasting time 50 minutes, calcining come out of the stove back shrend, ore grinding, ore pulp with in the magneticstrength magnetic separator sort nickel ore concentrate nickeliferous 14.5%, contain cobalt 0.45%, nickel recovery 82%; With this cleaner flotation, concentrate nickel content 21.0% after the flotation; Mine tailing with intensity magnetic separator, shaking table and flotation machine sort iron ore concentrate, iron ore concentrate iron content 60%, the rate of recovery 55%.
Embodiment 5
Red soil nickel ore is nickeliferous 0.94%, contain cobalt 0.06%, iron content 50.14%, with the 700 ℃ of following roastings 60 minutes in multiple bedded furnace of this ore deposit, calcining cooling back grinding, the calcining behind the grinding mixes with 5% coke powder, 8% calcium chloride, mixes the back powder and goes into the multiple bedded furnace roasting, 900 ℃ of maturing temperatures, calcining come out of the stove back shrend, ore grinding, ore pulp with in the magneticstrength magnetic separator sort nickel ore concentrate nickeliferous 11.5%, contain cobalt 0.66%, nickel recovery 82%; With this concentrate flotation, concentrate nickel content 18.5% after the flotation; Mine tailing with intensity magnetic separator, shaking table and flotation machine sort iron ore concentrate, iron ore concentrate iron content 64%, the rate of recovery 60%.
Embodiment 6
Nickeliferous 2.03%, the iron content 10.8% of red soil nickel ore, with the 900 ℃ of following roastings 60 minutes in multiple bedded furnace of this ore deposit, calcining cooling back grinding, calcining behind the grinding and 3% coke powder, 4% calcium chloride mixed pelletizing, pelletizing diameter 15-20mm, go into the roasting of microwave process furnace after the pelletizing oven dry, 1050 ℃ of maturing temperatures, calcining come out of the stove back shrend, ore grinding, ore pulp with in the magneticstrength magnetic separator sort, nickel ore concentrate is nickeliferous 35.5%, nickel recovery 88%.
Claims (9)
1. the processing method of a roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore, its step is as follows, and raw ore adopts kiln to carry out the roasting first time behind crushing and screening; Cold calcine powder is worn into fine powder, mixes with additive then, granulates into pelletizing in balling disc; Pelletizing enters second kiln roasting after with the using residual heat from kiln furnace flue gas drying, neutrality or weak reducing atmosphere are adopted in roasting, to suppress the reduction of iron in the laterite, maturing temperature is controlled at the following roasting of pelletizing reflowing temperature, pelletizing shrend in confined conditions after the roasting, shrend calcining are carried out ore dressing and are obtained the nickel cobalt concentrate behind ore grinding; Mine tailing adopts ore dressing recovery iron wherein; The pellet roasting kiln exhaust gas adopts whirlpool to gather dust with the lime white neutralization and concentrates, and through washing tower, reclaims most of chlorizating agent behind the water film dedusting.
2. the processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described first time, maturing temperature was 600-950 ℃, time 20-90 minute; For the second time maturing temperature is at 900-1100 ℃, time 40-180 minute.
3. the processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, roasting for the first time and roasting for the second time can be adopted two kiln series connection respectively or finish step by step with a kiln.
4. the processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described kiln is one or both in rotary kiln, tunnel furnace, shaft furnace, rotary hearth furnace, multiple bedded furnace, the microwave oven.
5. according to the processing method of claim 1 or 4 described roasting-dressing laterite nickel ores, it is characterized in that described kiln is a rotary kiln.
6. the processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described pelletizing diameter is 6-30mm.
7. the processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described additive is carbonaceous material and chlorizating agent, and wherein carbonaceous material comprises coke powder, coal dust, Graphite Powder 99, wood charcoal powder, and its add-on is the heavy 3-8 weight % in ore deposit; Chlorizating agent is Calcium Chloride Powder Anhydrous, two water and calcium chloride, six water and calcium chloride, sodium-chlor, magnesium chloride, and its add-on is the heavy 3-10 weight % in ore deposit.
8. roasting according to claim 1-dressing laterite nickel ore beneficiation method is characterized in that, described ore dressing is one or more the combination in magnetic separation, gravity treatment, the flotation.
9. the processing method of roasting-dressing laterite nickel ore according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described red soil nickel ore is limonite type, transition type, silicon magnesium type red soil nickel ore.
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Cited By (29)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101798633A (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2010-08-11 | 东北大学 | Method for treating limonite type oxidized nickel ore by roasting and leaching |
| CN101942558A (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-01-12 | 平安鑫海资源开发有限公司 | Method for drying and reducing low-grade laterite-nickel ore by using bituminous coal |
| CN102127633A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2011-07-20 | 湖南隆达冶金有限公司 | Method for enriching ferronickel by micro treatment on laterite-nickel ore |
| CN102527503A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-04 | 苏木清 | Ore dressing system and method for recycling tailings containing iron |
| CN102719661A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-10 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of laterite nickel ore pellets |
| CN102814228A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-12 | 湖南省中杰科技发展股份有限公司 | Method for recycling nickel from low-grade nickel smelting slag |
| CN103233114A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏曦元金属材料有限公司 | Method for producing nickel/ferrum from nickel laterite ores |
| CN103602832A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-26 | 平安鑫海资源开发有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate and production capacity of nickel in nickel-laterite ore |
| CN103757200A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for separating and enriching ferronickel from laterite-nickel ore |
| CN103952541A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 上海火红冶炼技术服务有限公司 | Double rotary kiln and nickel and iron reduction method |
| CN104232937A (en) * | 2014-09-22 | 2014-12-24 | 中冶南方工程技术有限公司 | Laterite-nickel ore selective reduction treatment method |
| CN105087905A (en) * | 2015-10-10 | 2015-11-25 | 马守栋 | Method for treating transition type and limonite type nickel laterite ore by using industrial pickling waste acid |
| CN105154665A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2015-12-16 | 攀枝花学院 | Treatment method of sulfur and cobalt concentrate |
| CN105256131A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2016-01-20 | 攀枝花学院 | Preparing method for sulfur cobalt concentrate metalized pellet |
| CN105671305A (en) * | 2016-02-04 | 2016-06-15 | 福安市康齐动力科技有限公司 | Method for chloridizing, roasting and reducing laterite-nickel ore through bittern to prepare ferro-nickel fine powder |
| CN105755279A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-07-13 | 东北大学 | Method for microwave heating, chlorinating and decomposing Baotou mixed rare earth concentrate |
| CN105887136A (en) * | 2016-04-23 | 2016-08-24 | 上海大学 | Method for separating iron and nickel from laterite nickel ore pickle liquor |
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| CN101798633A (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2010-08-11 | 东北大学 | Method for treating limonite type oxidized nickel ore by roasting and leaching |
| CN101942558A (en) * | 2010-09-10 | 2011-01-12 | 平安鑫海资源开发有限公司 | Method for drying and reducing low-grade laterite-nickel ore by using bituminous coal |
| CN102127633A (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2011-07-20 | 湖南隆达冶金有限公司 | Method for enriching ferronickel by micro treatment on laterite-nickel ore |
| CN102127633B (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-07-04 | 湖南长拓高科冶金有限公司 | Method for enriching ferronickel by micro treatment on laterite-nickel ore |
| CN102527503A (en) * | 2012-01-10 | 2012-07-04 | 苏木清 | Ore dressing system and method for recycling tailings containing iron |
| CN102719661A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2012-10-10 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | Manufacturing method of laterite nickel ore pellets |
| CN102814228A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-12 | 湖南省中杰科技发展股份有限公司 | Method for recycling nickel from low-grade nickel smelting slag |
| CN103233114A (en) * | 2013-04-28 | 2013-08-07 | 江苏曦元金属材料有限公司 | Method for producing nickel/ferrum from nickel laterite ores |
| CN103602832A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-26 | 平安鑫海资源开发有限公司 | Method for improving recovery rate and production capacity of nickel in nickel-laterite ore |
| CN103602832B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2016-04-20 | 平安鑫海资源开发有限公司 | Improve the method for red soil nickel ore nickel recovery and production capacity |
| CN103757200B (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2016-01-20 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for separating and enriching ferronickel from laterite-nickel ore |
| CN103757200A (en) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-30 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for separating and enriching ferronickel from laterite-nickel ore |
| CN103952541A (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2014-07-30 | 上海火红冶炼技术服务有限公司 | Double rotary kiln and nickel and iron reduction method |
| CN103952541B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-01-20 | 上海火红冶炼技术服务有限公司 | The method of double back rotary kiln and reduced nickel and iron |
| US10323297B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 | 2019-06-18 | Sumitomo Metal Mining Co., Ltd. | Method for producing pellet and method for smelting nickel oxide ore |
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