CN101537799A - Permanent-magnet electromagnetic hybrid magnet structure of electromagnetic-type maglev train - Google Patents
Permanent-magnet electromagnetic hybrid magnet structure of electromagnetic-type maglev train Download PDFInfo
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- CN101537799A CN101537799A CN200910137806A CN200910137806A CN101537799A CN 101537799 A CN101537799 A CN 101537799A CN 200910137806 A CN200910137806 A CN 200910137806A CN 200910137806 A CN200910137806 A CN 200910137806A CN 101537799 A CN101537799 A CN 101537799A
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Abstract
The invention provides a permanent-magnet electromagnetic hybrid magnet structure of an electromagnetic-type maglev train, which adjusts the working point of a permanent magnet according to the changing scope of the loading weight of the electromagnetic-type maglev train and leads the working point of the permanent magnet to be positioned near the maximum magnetic energy product when the changing scope of the loading weight is larger. The hybrid magnet structure comprises a permanent magnet, an electromagnetic coil, an iron core and a magnetic yoke; the electromagnetic coil is wound on the iron core by adopting a conductive material and forms electromagnetic poles with the iron core; the electromagnetic poles are arranged in a line; the magnetic yoke is arranged at the outer sides of the pole S and the pole N of the permanent magnet, clamps the permanent magnet from two sides and is jointed with the bottom of the electromagnetic poles; and the magnetic yoke and the permanent magnet are arranged between two adjacent electromagnetic poles. The invention can choose the working point of the permanent magnet according to the requirements of the loading capacity; and the designed hybrid magnet can meet the requirements of different loading capacity.
Description
The application is for dividing an application
The applying date of original application is: on December 19th, 2007
Application number is: 200710192657.2
Denomination of invention is: a kind of permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet method of designing and structure of electromagnetic type magnetic floating train
[technical field]
The present invention relates to magnetic-levitation train, be specifically related to the permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure of a kind of EMS type (electromagnetic type) magnetic-levitation train.
[background technology]
The working mechanism of EMS type magnetic-levitation train is to utilize the attraction track that lift force is provided, and make train keep stable suspersion by changing the lift force that magnet provided, therefore, suspension magnet is the critical component of magnetic-levitation train, and it has determined the load-carrying capacity and the suspension property of magnetic-levitation train.
The suspension magnet of EMS type magnetic-levitation train adopts electromagnet usually, and for example the HSST of De Guo TR, Japan adopts electromagnet.In order to improve load-carrying capacity, require usually to select current of electromagnet bigger, and that levitation gap requires is less, so often cause the volume of vehicle-mounted power equipment supply and capacity big, the electromagnet heating seriously, to having relatively high expectations of levitation gap control accuracy.
From the angle of suspension magnet, the problems referred to above mainly contain following two kinds of solutions: (1) suspension magnet is made up of electromagnet and superconducting magnet, and superconducting magnet provides main lift force, and the magnet control system stablizes; (2) suspension magnet is made up of electromagnet and permanent magnet, and permanent magnet provides main lift force, and the magnet control system stablizes.
Though superconducting magnet can provide high-intensity magnetic field, its operating temperature is lower, therefore also need provide refrigerating apparatus and magnetic shielding device, can increase the cost and the complexity of system like this, implements the comparison difficulty.And permanent magnet can be worked at normal temperatures, adopts neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnet just can provide magnetic-levitation train required magnetic field, and cost is lower, realizes also than being easier to.Therefore, second kind of scheme mainly adopted in present research, for example the M3 of the U.S., the electrician of Chinese Academy of Sciences institute, forward position etc. unit all this scheme has been carried out certain research.The M3 of the U.S. has carried out more deep research to this field, but is subjected to the restriction of permanent magnet installation site, and the load-carrying capacity deficiency of this device can't satisfy the engineering application requirements.
[summary of the invention]
The present invention is directed to the deficiency that present EMS type magnetic-levitation train prior art exists, proposed a kind of design permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure, can require to select the operation point of permanent magnet according to load-carrying capacity, to satisfy different load-carrying capacity requirements.
Technical scheme proposed by the invention is:
A kind of permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure of electromagnetic type magnetic floating train, comprise permanent magnet, magnet coil, iron core and yoke, described magnet coil adopts the conductive material wire-wound to be formed on the iron core, constitute the electromagnetism magnetic pole with iron core, the arrangement of embarking on journey of described electromagnetism magnetic pole, yoke place the S utmost point and the N utmost point outside of described permanent magnet, from the both sides grip permanent magnet, and bottom the electromagnetism magnetic pole, fit, described yoke and permanent magnet place between two adjacent electromagnetism magnetic poles.
The magnetic direction of described adjacent two permanent magnets is opposite, and the magnetic direction of adjacent two magnet coils is also opposite after the energising.
Described permanent magnet can be rectangular configuration.
Described permanent magnet can adopt at least two assembled.
The present invention has following technique effect:
(1) the present invention can make permanent magnet be operated near the maximum magnetic energy product point, and the adjustable range of operation point be bigger by increasing the magnetic pole Method for Area of permanent magnet when the load capacity variation range is big.
(2) reduce the length of permanent magnet under the prerequisite of specified load bearing requirements satisfying along magnetic direction, can make the operation point of permanent magnet to change adjustment rapidly with electric current, it is big to be that the electric current a.t. changes when a certain amount of the adjusting range of operation point, make lift force with being changed significantly of electric current, thereby make mictomagnet have controllability preferably.
(3) owing to reduced the length of permanent magnet along magnetic direction, the operation point that makes permanent magnet accelerates with the electric current pace of change that (permanent magnet is short more along magnetic direction, the operation point of permanent magnet changes rapid more with electric current), be that lift force changes electric current a.t. required when a certain amount of and reduces, so under the prerequisite that the load-carrying capacity of magnetic-levitation train remains unchanged, can reduce the required maximum a.t. of magnet coil, reduce the volume and weight of electromagnet, and then can reduce the volume and weight of vehicle-mounted power equipment supply.
(4) under same load capacity, by increasing the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet, can also increase the levitation gap of mictomagnet, reduce the requirement of magnetic-levitation train to trajectory accuracy.
Adopt design-calculated permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet of the present invention, both be applicable to EMS type magnetic-levitation train, also be applicable to other EMS type magnetic suspension system.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the BH curve of permanent magnet;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet of three magnetic poles of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the full magnetic pole mictomagnet of EMS magnetic-levitation train of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the assembly unit scheme drawing of permanent magnet.
[specific embodiment]
In the permanent magnetic iron field of research, the key of design permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet is rationally to choose the operation point of permanent magnet.As everyone knows, the BH curve of permanent magnet is by the material decision, and it has reflected permanent magnet disturbances of power trend and variation range.As shown in Figure 1, B wherein
mFor the magnetic of operation point close, H
mBe the magnetic-field intensity of operation point, B
rBe the remanent magnetism of permanent magnet, H
cCoercive force for permanent magnet.If the operation point of permanent magnet is too high or too low, its variation range can be very little so, the variation range of the lift force that directly causes mictomagnet and provided is very limited, makes the dynamic adjustment process difficulty relatively of magnetic-levitation train, even can't realize stable suspersion.
According to the continuous theorem of magnetic flux, the magnetic flow of suspension magnetic equals the magnetic flow that permanent magnet provides, and promptly the magnetic of permanent magnet operation point is close is directly proportional with the magnetic flow of suspension magnetic, is inversely proportional to the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet.When load capacity changed, the magnetic flow that needs suspension magnetic to provide can change thereupon, so the magnetic of permanent magnet operation point is close also is affected, be in particular in that load capacity is big more, the magnetic flow of suspension magnetic is just big more, and the operation point of permanent magnet is also high more, and vice versa.Operation point when considering the magnetic-levitation train stable suspersion, if train is fully loaded, load capacity maximum so, the operation point is the highest; If the vehicle zero load, load capacity minimum so, the operation point is minimum.The load-carrying capacity of magnetic-levitation train is high more, means that the variation range of load capacity is big more, and the disturbances of power scope is also big more during stable suspersion.Simultaneously, further contemplate the dynamic adjustment process of magnetic-levitation train, the actual change scope of operation point is bigger.Therefore, constraint has been proposed for the material and the choosing of operation point of permanent magnet, on the one hand, the scope of the BH curve of permanent magnet during than stable suspersion the disturbances of power scope big; On the other hand, the disturbances of power scope should be positioned at the interlude of BH curve during stable suspersion.
At magnetic-levitation train load capacity variation range when big, the operation point of permanent magnet is problem higher or on the low side easily, can adjust the operation point of permanent magnet according to the variation range of load capacity, make that permanent magnet can be operated near the maximum magnetic energy product point when magnetic-levitation train load capacity variation range is big.Like this, permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet when work, even when the load capacity variation range is big, also can provide enough lift forces, and lift force can change rapidly and adjust with electric current, make mictomagnet have controllability preferably.
When the load capacity variation range is big, increase the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet, make permanent magnet disturbances of power scope diminish, only near maximum magnetic energy product point, change; And reduce permanent magnet along the minimum length of magnetic direction and the maximum a.t. of electromagnet, reducing the capacity of required onboard power system, and the operation point of accelerating permanent magnet makes mictomagnet have controllability preferably with the regulating the speed of electric current.
Its concrete steps of adjusting the operation point of permanent magnet are:
Disturbances of power scope when 1) choosing stable suspersion according to the BH curve of permanent magnet makes this variation range near maximum magnetic energy product point.
As shown in Figure 1, some A represents the maximum magnetic energy product point of permanent magnet, and segment of curve BC represents selected disturbances of power scope, and this variation range comprises an A, and it is much smaller with respect to the changing operate-point scope that BH curve allowed.The cooresponding magnetic of note point B is close to be B
Min, the cooresponding magnetic of some C is close to be B
Max, B so
MinAnd B
MaxBe respectively close minimum value and the maxim of magnetic that permanent magnet provided.
2) choose the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet according to the load capacity variation range.
The load capacity maximum of magnetic-levitation train at full load, the magnetic that needs permanent magnet to provide is close also maximum.The operation point of supposing permanent magnet is at a C, and promptly permanent magnet provides the maximum close B of magnetic
Max, can calculate the following S of being limited to of the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet so according to the magnetic flow of suspension magnetic
MinEqually, the load capacity minimum when unloaded, the magnetic that needs permanent magnet to provide is close also minimum.The operation point of supposing permanent magnet is at a B, and promptly permanent magnet provides the minimum close B of magnetic
Min, so according to the magnetic flow of suspension magnetic can calculate permanent magnet the magnetic pole area on be limited to S
MaxIf the lower limit S of magnetic pole area
MinLess than its upper limit S
Max, we just can choose the magnetic pole area S of permanent magnet so
m, make S
Min＜S
m＜S
MaxIf the lower limit S of magnetic pole area
MinGreater than its upper limit S
Max, need to return the first step so, permanent magnet disturbances of power scope when choosing stable suspersion again.
3) reduce permanent magnet along the minimum length of magnetic direction and the maximum a.t. of electromagnet, reducing the capacity of required onboard power system, and the operation point of accelerating permanent magnet makes mictomagnet have controllability preferably with the regulating the speed of electric current.
Because mictomagnet is relevant with the variation range of load capacity along the length of magnetic direction, satisfying under the prerequisite of specified load bearing requirements, reduce the length of permanent magnet, and, calculate the maximum a.t. of electromagnet according to the variation of load capacity and the requirement of dynamic adjustments along magnetic direction; If the maximum a.t. of electromagnet has exceeded the capacity of onboard power system, then to suitably increase the length of permanent magnet along magnetic direction, can provide the maximum a.t. that calculates gained to electromagnet until onboard power system.The effect of this adjustment is: first, because the relative magnetic permeability of permanent magnet is very little, make the potential drop of itself to ignore, so permanent magnet is short more along magnetic direction, need to offer its variable quantity of potential drop just more little for electromagnet during adjusting work point, and regulating the speed of operation point is just rapid more with the variation of electric current; The second, after the maximum a.t. of electromagnet reduced, at first, the volume and weight of magnet coil can reduce, and helped alleviating the magnet deadweight, improved load-carrying capacity; Secondly, the capacity of required onboard power system can reduce, and correspondingly the cost of power equipment supply and cost all can reduce.
4) adjust the design size of yoke according to the design size of permanent magnet and electromagnet, the principle of adjustment is: the first, yoke can with the intact applying of permanent magnet, the sectional area of the two contact surface is equal substantially; The second, yoke can with the intact applying of iron core, the sectional area of the two contact surface is equal substantially; The 3rd, yoke with the magnetic field vertical direction on sectional area be greater than a certain fixed value, avoid occurring the magnetic flux saturated phenomenon.
According to above-mentioned theory, the present invention has designed the permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure embodiment with three magnetic poles, is used for the EMS magnetic-levitation train.
As shown in Figure 2, the permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet of present embodiment comprises permanent magnet 1, yoke 2, magnet coil 3, iron core 4, magnet coil 5 and iron core 6, described iron core 4 and iron core 6 are permeability magnetic material, magnet coil 3 adopts conductive material wire-wound iron core 4 to form, electromagnetism magnetic pole in the middle of a magnet coil 3 and an iron core 4 are just formed one, magnet coil 5 adopts conductive material wire-wound iron core 6 to form, a magnet coil 5 and an iron core 6 are just formed an end electromagnetism magnetic pole, present embodiment adopts two end electromagnetism magnetic poles and a middle electromagnetism magnetic pole, the arrangement of embarking on journey; Described permanent magnet 1 is a rectangular configuration, can select Nd-Fe-Bo permanent magnet material usually, and described yoke 2 is positioned at the S utmost point and the N utmost point outside of permanent magnet 1, selects permeability magnetic material usually for use, gets final product as iron and steel; Yoke 2 and permanent magnet 1 are between adjacent two electromagnetism magnetic poles, and yoke 2 and the applying of electromagnetism magnetic pole bottom, so the shape of yoke 2 must be consistent with the shape of permanent magnet 1 and electromagnetism magnetic pole.
As shown in Figure 2, in order to form closed magnetic circuit 7, the magnetic direction of adjacent two permanent magnets 1 is opposite, and the magnetic direction of magnet coil 3 and magnet coil 5 is also opposite after the energising.(because the magnetic direction of magnet coil was both relevant with the coil winding direction, relevant with direction of current again, usually the coiling direction of magnet coil is the same, the present invention is by changing the connection mode of magnet coil both positive and negative polarity, make that the magnetic direction of adjacent two magnet coils is opposite) this structure with arrange and can see, the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet 1 is bigger, when the load capacity variation range is big, permanent magnet is operated near the maximum magnetic energy product point.
As shown in Figure 2, in order to optimize closed magnetic circuit 7, the width of magnet coil 5 is less than the width of magnet coil 3 usually, and the width of iron core 6 is also less than the width of iron core 4.
Fig. 3 is another example structure scheme drawing of the full magnetic pole mictomagnet of EMS magnetic-levitation train of the present invention.As shown in Figure 3, the mictomagnet of EMS type magnetic-levitation train has eight magnetic poles, certainly, can also do suitable increase or minimizing as required.Fig. 3 is with respect to Fig. 2, and mictomagnet extends, and has increased by five middle electromagnetism magnetic poles, and correspondingly permanent magnet 1 has increased by five, and yoke 2 has increased by ten.The area of present embodiment permanent magnet 1 is bigger with respect to the foregoing description, is because the load capacity variation range of EMS type magnetic-levitation train is bigger.For forming closed magnetic circuit, the magnetic direction of adjacent permanent is opposite, and the magnetic direction of adjacent electromagnetic coil is also opposite after the energising.
Fig. 4 is the assembly unit scheme drawing of permanent magnet of the present invention.Because the load capacity of EMS type magnetic-levitation train is big, so the magnetic pole area of design-calculated permanent magnet is also big.But owing to be subjected to the restriction of current processing technology, the size of monolithic permanent magnet can't reach bigger size.Therefore, permanent magnet 1 can be assembled with at least two blocks of permanent magnets.As shown in Figure 4, permanent magnet 1 is arranged by four small permanent magnet 8 and is formed, and can increase the magnetic pole area of permanent magnet.Certainly, also can adjust the arrangement mode and the quantity of fritter permanent magnet 8 as required; Center at fritter permanent magnet 8 has aperture, can permanent magnet 8 be fixed on the yoke by screw.
The above embodiment has only expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but can not therefore be interpreted as the restriction to claim of the present invention.Should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure of electromagnetic type magnetic floating train, comprise permanent magnet, magnet coil, iron core and yoke, described magnet coil adopts the conductive material wire-wound to be formed on the iron core, constitutes the electromagnetism magnetic pole with iron core, it is characterized in that the arrangement of embarking on journey of described electromagnetism magnetic pole; Yoke places the S utmost point and the N utmost point outside of described permanent magnet, from the both sides grip permanent magnet, and fits bottom the electromagnetism magnetic pole, and described yoke and permanent magnet place between two adjacent electromagnetism magnetic poles.
2, permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the magnetic direction of described adjacent two permanent magnets is opposite, and the magnetic direction of adjacent two magnet coils is also opposite after the energising.
3, permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described permanent magnet is a rectangular configuration.
4, permanent-magnetism electromagnetic mictomagnet structure according to claim 3 is characterized in that: at least two of described permanent magnet employings are assembled.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200910137806A CN101537799A (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | Permanent-magnet electromagnetic hybrid magnet structure of electromagnetic-type maglev train |
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| CN200910137806A CN101537799A (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | Permanent-magnet electromagnetic hybrid magnet structure of electromagnetic-type maglev train |
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| CNB2007101926572A Division CN100519259C (en) | 2007-12-19 | 2007-12-19 | Permanent magnetism electromagnetic blending magnet design method of electromagnetic type maglev train |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101973218A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-02-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Magnetic suspension linear guide rail with differential-type serial magnetic circuit structure |
| CN103481794A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Combined-type suspension electromagnet for medium-low-speed maglev train and manufacturing method of combined-type suspension electromagnet |
| CN110908276A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-24 | 长沙理工大学 | Variable permanent magnet hybrid electromagnetic suspension system with redundancy control |
| CN111267629A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-12 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Integrated electromagnet and magnetic-levitation train |
| CN112019095A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-12-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Permanent magnet-electromagnetism hybrid suspension structure based on parallel magnetic circuit |
| RU2739939C1 (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-12-30 | Акционерное Общество "Нииэфа Им. Д.В. Ефремова" | Hybrid electromagnet for maglev system |
| RU2786679C2 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-12-23 | Акционерное Общество "Нииэфа Им. Д.В. Ефремова" | Hybrid electromagnet for maglev system |
-
2007
- 2007-12-19 CN CN200910137806A patent/CN101537799A/en active Pending
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101973218A (en) * | 2010-10-20 | 2011-02-16 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Magnetic suspension linear guide rail with differential-type serial magnetic circuit structure |
| CN103481794A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2014-01-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Combined-type suspension electromagnet for medium-low-speed maglev train and manufacturing method of combined-type suspension electromagnet |
| CN103481794B (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2016-02-24 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | A kind of medium-and low-speed maglev train combined suspending electromagnet and method for making |
| CN110908276A (en) * | 2019-12-11 | 2020-03-24 | 长沙理工大学 | Variable permanent magnet hybrid electromagnetic suspension system with redundancy control |
| CN111267629A (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2020-06-12 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Integrated electromagnet and magnetic-levitation train |
| CN111267629B (en) * | 2020-03-23 | 2022-03-01 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Integrated electromagnet and magnetic-levitation train |
| RU2739939C1 (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-12-30 | Акционерное Общество "Нииэфа Им. Д.В. Ефремова" | Hybrid electromagnet for maglev system |
| CN112019095A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-12-01 | 中国人民解放军海军工程大学 | Permanent magnet-electromagnetism hybrid suspension structure based on parallel magnetic circuit |
| RU2786679C2 (en) * | 2020-08-06 | 2022-12-23 | Акционерное Общество "Нииэфа Им. Д.В. Ефремова" | Hybrid electromagnet for maglev system |
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