CN101536689B - 一种四氟醚唑和苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌组合物 - Google Patents
一种四氟醚唑和苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种杀菌剂组合物,有效成分由四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑组成,该杀菌剂包含四氟醚唑、苯醚甲环唑两种有效成分以及助剂及赋型剂,其中四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑的重量百分比为1~30∶1~60。该杀菌剂能产生较高的协同增效作用,克服和延缓了病害抗药性,扩大了防治谱,降低了有机溶剂的使用量,降低了用药成本,减轻了毒性。本发明用于防治谷物、果树和蔬菜作物上的多种病害,尤其可用于防治苹果斑点落叶病、小麦白粉病、香蕉叶斑病,其效果明显高于其单剂使用。
Description
技术领域:
本发明属于农药技术领域,涉及一种含有四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌剂,用于谷物、果树和蔬菜上病害的防治。
技术背景:
四氟醚唑,英文名称为(tetraconazole),化学名称为(RS)-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)-3-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-1-基)丙基1,1,2,2-四氟乙基醚,
结构式为:
四氟醚唑是由意大利意赛格公司研发的三唑类杀菌剂,四氟醚唑是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂。由于具有很好的内吸性,因此可迅速地被植物吸收,并在内部传导;具有很好的保护和治疗活性,持效期6周。该药用于禾谷类作物如小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦,果树如香蕉、葡萄、梨、苹果,蔬菜如瓜类,甜菜,观赏植物等多种作物多种病害的防治。
苯醚甲环唑英文名称(difenoconazole),化学式为:1-(2-[4-(4-氯苯氧)-2-氯苯基]-4-甲基-1,3-二恶戊烷-2-基甲基)-H-1,2,4-三唑,分子式:C19H17C12N3O3。
结构式为:
苯醚甲环唑是一种具有保护和治疗作用内吸性杀菌剂,是甾醇脱甲基化抑制剂,抑制细胞壁甾醇的生物合成,阻止真菌的生长。其具有强内吸性、药效高,对作物安全,持效期长特点。具有预防和治疗作用。杀菌谱广,叶面处理和种子处理可提高作物的产量和保证品质。对于子囊菌和半知菌引起的多种病害防效极佳。也可以与大多数杀菌剂、杀虫剂、除草剂混用,均有较好的防治效果。对大田作物、水果蔬菜上的多种病害具有治疗和铲除作用。
一方面,有机溶剂在农药上的使用日益受到限制,不用或尽量少用有机溶剂已是农药发展的必然趋势。农药的剂型需要不断的更新,从而促使农药沿着高效、低毒、安全和环境相容性好的方向发展。本发明组合物的剂型为微乳型和水乳型,能够有效克服现存的问题,已经成为农药剂型发展的主导方向之一。另一方面,长期使用一种药剂容易使植物产生抗药性而不能达到治疗目的,采用复配的杀菌组合物能够明显提高防治和治疗效果,降低了农药的使用量,降低了成本,成为综合防治各种病害的重要手段。
目前尚未见四氟醚唑和苯醚甲环唑的复配产品的相关报道。
发明内容
本发明克服了现有技术上的成本高、对环境污染大、安全性无保证、贮运不便等问题,研发一种低成本、高效、低毒、安全、便于使用的环保型杀菌组合物。
本发明的目的是顺应农药剂型的发展方向,配制成微乳型、水乳型以减少有机溶剂残留大、易产生药害和对人、畜、环境的不良影响的问题。
本发明的另一个目的是两种药物的组合有二元杀菌组合物的特点,增加了药效,扩大了有效活性防治谱,防止使用单一药品产生抗药性、持效期长,减少了用药量和使用次数,节约成本,使用方便、省工省时,并减少对环境的污染。
本发明的第三个目的是提出一种用于防治谷物、果树和蔬菜上病害的杀菌组合物,主要用于防治小麦白粉病、霜霉病;香蕉叶斑病、黑星病;苹果斑点落叶病。
为了达到以上的目的,通过以下技术方案实现:
本发明涉及一种含有四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑复配的组合物。该组合物有效活性成分四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑重量百分比为1~30∶1~60。
所述的杀菌组合物有效成分最佳重量比为5~20∶10~40。
所述的杀菌组合物有效成分总含量为2%~60%.
所述的杀菌组合物加入助剂及赋型剂按照本领域技术人员均知的生产工艺制成水乳剂或微乳剂。
制成水乳剂时包括如下组分量成分:四氟醚唑1%~30%、苯醚甲环唑1%~60%、溶剂及助溶剂1%~20%、乳化剂1%~10%、防冻剂1%~5%、增稠剂0.1%~1%、消泡剂0.1%~0.5%、水余量。
将上述配方料混合,将有效成分、溶剂、乳化剂、共乳化剂加在一起,使溶解成均匀油相;将水、抗冻剂、增稠剂、消泡剂混合在一起,成均一水相。在高速搅拌下,将水相加入油相,可制得四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
制成微乳剂时包括如下组分量成分:四氟醚唑1%~30%、苯醚甲环唑1%~60%、溶剂及助溶剂1%~20%、乳化剂15%~20%、防冻剂1%~5%、消泡剂0.1%~0.5%、水余量。
微乳剂的配制方法:是将乳化剂和水混合制成水相,然后将原药在搅拌下加入水相,制成透明的O/W型微乳剂。
所述的溶剂及助溶剂选自甲醇、乙腈、乙酸乙酯、二甲基甲酰胺、乙二醇、丙二醇、甲苯、二甲苯、乙醇、环己酮、植物油、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、N-辛基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。
所述的乳化剂选自烷基苯磺酸钙、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯、苯基酚聚氧乙基醚磷酸酯、苯乙烯聚氧乙烯醚硫酸铵盐、烷基联苯醚二磺酸镁盐、三乙醇胺盐、苄基二甲基酚聚氧乙基醚、苯基酚聚氧乙基醚、烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚、苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚、苯乙基酚聚氧乙基聚丙烯基醚、环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷嵌段共聚物、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、蓖麻油聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基聚氧丙烯聚氧乙烯醚、烷基芳基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚、山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨醇脂肪酸酯聚氧乙烯醚、肪醇醇聚氧乙烯醚中的一种或多种。
所述的抗冻性选自自乙二醇、丙三醇、丙二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇或山梨醇中的一种或几种,使用多种时总用量不超过。
所述的增稠剂选自:黄原胶、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、甲基纤维素、硅酸铝镁、聚乙烯醇中的一种或多种。
所述的消泡剂选自硅油、硅酮类化合物、C10-20饱和脂肪酸类化合物、C8-10脂肪醇类化合物中的一种或几种。
本发明杀菌组合物的优点:(1)两种杀菌剂的组合使用,扩大了杀菌谱;(2)降低了有机溶剂使用量,对靶标作物、人畜、环境安全;(3)降低施药量、减少施用次数,便于使用、降低使用成本,具有高效、速效、持效期长的优点;(4)生产方法简单,贮运安全,水基制剂型对环境影响小。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进一步的说明,但本发明并不局限于此。
实施例1:12%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂
4g四氟醚唑、8g苯醚甲环唑、5gN-甲基吡咯烷酮、2g烷基苯磺酸钙、6g苯乙基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙基醚、4g乙二醇、0.4g硅酮类化合物、0.1g黄原胶、0.8g硅酸镁铝、水补至100g,制得12%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例2:20%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂
5g四氟醚唑、15g苯醚甲环唑、10gN-N二甲基甲酰胺、2g苯基酚聚氧乙基醚磷酸酯、2g壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、2g三乙醇胺盐、4g丙二醇、0.4g硅酮类化合物、0.3g聚乙烯醇、水补至100g,制得20%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例3:35%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂
15g四氟醚唑、25g苯醚甲环唑、10gN-甲基吡咯烷酮、5gN,N二甲基甲酰胺、2g苯基酚聚氧乙基醚磷酸酯、4g壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、2g三乙醇胺盐、4g丙三醇、0.4g硅酮类化合物、0.3g聚乙烯醇、水补至100g,制得35%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
将上述配方料混合,将有效成分、溶剂、乳化剂加在一起,使溶解成均匀油相;将水、抗冻剂、增稠剂、消泡剂混合在一起,成均一水相。在高速搅拌下,将水相加入油相,即可制得四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑水乳剂。
实施例4:10%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑微乳剂
3g四氟醚唑、7g苯醚甲环唑、3g植物油、3gN-甲基吡咯烷酮、7g苯基酚聚氧乙基醚磷酸酯、6g壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、3g司盘80、5g乙二醇、0.4g硅酮类化合物、水补至100g,将乳化剂和水混合制成水相,然后将溶解在溶剂中的原药在搅拌下加入水相,制成10%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑微乳剂。
实施例5:20%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑微乳剂
8g四氟醚唑、12g苯醚甲环唑、4g植物油、6gN-甲基吡咯烷酮、6g壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、5g三乙醇胺盐、4g OP系列磷酸酯、4g乙二醇、0.2g硅酮类化合物、水补至100g,将乳化剂和水混合制成水相,然后将溶解在溶剂中的原药在搅拌下加入水相,制成20%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑微乳剂。
实施例6:40%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑微乳剂
15g四氟醚唑、25g苯醚甲环唑、7g植物油、8g N-甲基吡咯烷酮、9g烷基苯磺酸钙、5g壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚、4g苯基酚聚氧乙基醚磷酸酯、4g丙二醇、0.4g硅油,水补足100g,将乳化剂和水混合制成水相,然后将溶解在溶剂中的原药在搅拌下加入水相,制成40%四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑微乳剂。
实施应用例一四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑对香蕉叶斑病室内毒力测定
表1四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑对香蕉叶斑病毒力测定
由表1可知,本发明四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌组合物对香蕉叶斑病具有较高的增效作用,四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑配比为2∶3、2∶4、2∶6是增效作用明显,其中当四氟醚唑∶苯醚甲环唑=2∶4时增效作用最为突出,其他配比均表现为加和作用。
实施应用例二 四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑防治苹果斑点落叶病
本发明试验于7月25日按每亩用药制剂量兑水60公斤进行均匀喷雾,共施药5次,每次施药间隔7天,第4次施药后,调查结果如表2:
表2四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑防治苹果斑点落叶病田间药效试验
从表2看出,本发明组合物对苹果斑点落叶病的防治效果均显著,比明显高于对照药剂,对果树安全,田间没有发现不良反应,对苹果黑斑病、褐斑病、白粉病、黑星病均有一定防效。
实施应用例三 四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑防治香蕉叶斑病
本发明试验按每亩用药制剂量兑水60公斤进行均匀喷雾,共施药5次,每次施药间隔10天,第5次施药后,调查结果如表3:
表3四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑防治香蕉叶斑病药效试验
本发明组合物对香蕉叶斑病有很好的防治效果,防效均高于对照药剂,在试验用药量范围内对作物安全,具有速效性好、持效期长的优点,并对香蕉黑星病14天后防效达88%以上。
实施应用例四 四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑防治小麦白粉病
本发明试验按每亩用药制剂量兑水60公斤进行均匀喷雾,共施药3次,每次施药间隔7天,第3次施药后,防治效果如表4:
表4四氟醚唑·苯醚甲环唑防治小麦白粉病药效试验
由表4看出,本发明四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌组合物对小麦白粉病具有较好的防治效果,在试验中发明人发现,该组合物对小麦安全,并对小麦条锈病14天后防效达80%以上,对小麦全蚀病14天后防效达80%以上,对小麦黑穗病14天后防效达72%以上。
综上所述,四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌组合物,具有一药多治、对作物安全、对环境污染小、速效性好、持效期长的优点,与单剂相比,扩大了杀菌谱,降低了用药次数,节省了成本,本发明以水为基质,对环境安全,成本低。所以本发明的研发与推广具有十分重要的意义。
Claims (1)
1.一种含有四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑复配的杀菌组合物,其中活性成分四氟醚唑与苯醚甲环唑重量比为2:3至2:6。
2.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物,其特征在于:加入常规的助剂赋型剂,按本领域技术人员均知的技术方法制成水乳剂、微乳剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的杀菌组合物用于防治谷物、果树和蔬菜病害的用途。
4.根据权利要求3所述的用途,其特征在于:所述的病害为小麦白粉病、霜霉病;香蕉叶斑病、黑星病;苹果斑点落叶病。
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