CN101534058A - A double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter. The circuit structure thereof is formed by connecting multiple high frequency inverter circuits which are isolated from one another and have input LC filters with a shared output rectifying filter circuit through a multi-input single-output high frequency transformer. Each output end of the high frequency transformer is connected with the output end of each high frequency inverter circuit one by one. The output end of the high frequency transformer is connected with the input end of the output rectifying filter circuit. The invention has the input direct current electric sources in the same place or different places, double isolations among the high frequency inverter circuits and between the input and the output, and strong voltage matching capacity. Multiple input electric sources supply power according to different time, and the circuit topology is simple. The high frequency transformer and an output loop are shared. The power density is high, the conversion efficiency is high, the output voltage has small ripple, the cost is low, and the application prospect is wide. The invention provides a key technique for distributed power supply system associatively supplying power by multiple reproducible energy sources.
Description
Technical field
Double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter involved in the present invention belongs to the Technics of Power Electronic Conversion technology.
Background technology
DC converter is the applied power semiconductor device, and a kind of direct current energy is transformed into the static converting means of another kind of direct current energy, uses for DC load.The converter of high frequency electrical isolation is arranged between output DC load and input DC power, be called isolated DC transducer.The high frequency electrical isolation element has mainly played following effect in converter: 1) realized the electrical isolation between converter output and the input, improved the security reliability and the Electro Magnetic Compatibility of converter operation; 2) realized coupling between converter output voltage and the input voltage, realized promptly that the output voltage of converter can be higher than, be equal to or less than the technique effect of input voltage that its range of application has obtained widening greatly; 3) when the operating frequency of high frequency transformer or high frequency storage transformer when 20kHz is above, its volume, weight greatly reduce, audio noise has been eliminated.Therefore, be the secondary transformation of electrical energy occasion of main dc power supply with DC generator, storage battery, solar cell and fuel cell etc., isolated DC transducer has important use and is worth.
Regenerative resources (being also referred to as green energy resource) such as solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and geothermal energy have cleanliness without any pollution, cheapness, advantage such as reliable, abundant, thereby are with a wide range of applications.Because fossil energy (the non-renewable energy) growing tensions such as oil, coal and natural gas, environmental pollution are serious, cause the production of global warming and nuclear energy can produce reasons such as nuke rubbish and contaminated environment again, the development and utilization of regenerative resource more and more is subject to people's attention.Renewable energy power generation mainly contains types such as photovoltaic, wind-force, fuel cell, waterpower, underground heat, all exist the supply of electric power instability, discontinuous, with defectives such as weather conditions variations, therefore need to adopt various energy resources to unite the distributed power supply system of power supply.
Traditional regenerative resource distributed power supply system, as shown in Figure 1.This system normally adopts a plurality of single input DC converter that the direct current of renewable energy power generation equipment such as solar cell, fuel cell, wind-driven generator output is transformed into the needed common DC bus voltage U of load converter
Dc, and then by the load converter that links to each other with dc bus with U
DcBe transformed into needed direct current of load or alternating voltage, select the type of load converter according to the character of load.In order to make the renewable energy power generation part can co-ordination, various energy resources must carry out respectively being connected on the public dc bus behind the transformation of electrical energy, therefore need a plurality of single input DC converter and in addition in parallel, thereby have defectives such as circuit structure complexity, cost height at output.
In order to simplify circuit structure, can replace a plurality of single input DC converter with a multi-input direct current converter, form novel regenerative resource distributed power supply system, as shown in Figure 2.Multi-input direct current converter allows the various energy resources input, and the character of input source, amplitude and characteristic can be identical, and is also can difference very big.This electric power system has that circuit structure is succinct, cost is low, in HF switch cycle a plurality of input sources can be simultaneously or timesharing powers to the load, can improve system stability and flexibility, can realize the advantages such as preferential utilization of the energy.
Therefore, seeking a class, to allow multiple regenerative resource to unite the multi-input direct current converter of power supply extremely urgent, for the simplified system circuit structure, reduce cost, allow a HF switch in the cycle a plurality of input sources simultaneously or the timesharing preferential utilization that powers to the load, improve the stability of system and flexibility, realization regenerative resource will have crucial meaning.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provide a kind of have input DC power altogether or not altogether, between the high-frequency inverter circuit and pair isolation between output and the input, strong, a plurality of input power supply of voltage matches ability time sharing power supply, succinct, the shared high frequency transformer of circuit topology and output loop, power density height, conversion efficiency height, output voltage ripple little, be suitable in the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter of high-power output, advantage such as cost is low, application prospect is extensive.
Double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter of the present invention, be with a plurality of mutual isolation by the high frequency transformer of the single output of input more than, high-frequency inverter circuit and a shared output rectifier and filter of having input LC filter connect formation, each input of high frequency transformer and the corresponding one by one connection of the output of each high-frequency inverter circuit, the output of high frequency transformer and the input of output rectifier and filter link, described each have the high-frequency inverter circuit of input LC filter by input LC filter, high-frequency inverter cascade in regular turn constitutes, and described output rectifier and filter is by hf rectifier, the cascade in regular turn of output LC filter constitutes.
The present invention is with a plurality of single input DC converter circuit structure of output parallel connection in traditional regenerative resource distributed power supply system, be configured to the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit structure, proposed double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter new ideas, circuit structure and topological family.
Double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter of the present invention, can with a plurality of altogether or not altogether, unsettled input direct voltage is transformed into a required voltage size, stable, high-quality output dc voltage does not have input DC power altogether or not altogether, between the high-frequency inverter circuit and two isolation between output and the input, the voltage matches ability is strong, many input power supply time sharing power supplies, circuit topology is succinct, shared high frequency transformer and output loop, the power density height, the conversion efficiency height, output voltage ripple is little, cost is low, advantages such as application prospect is extensive.The combination property of double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter will be more superior than a plurality of single input DC converter of traditional output parallel connection.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, traditional regenerative resource distributed power supply system
Fig. 2, novel regenerative resource distributed power supply system
Fig. 3, the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter theory diagram.
Fig. 4, the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit structure diagram.
Fig. 5, principle oscillogram during the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter time sharing power supply.
Fig. 6, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example one---push-pull circuit schematic diagram.
Fig. 7, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example two---push-pull ortho-exciting formula circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 8, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example three---paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type circuit theory diagrams.
Fig. 9, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example four---double tube positive exciting formula circuit theory diagrams.
Figure 10, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example five---paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula circuit theory diagrams.
Figure 11, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example six---half bridge circuit schematic diagram.
Figure 12, double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology example seven---full bridge circuit schematic diagram.
Figure 13, master-slave mode voltage, current instantaneous value FEEDBACK CONTROL block diagram during the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter time sharing power supply.
Figure 14, master-slave mode voltage, current instantaneous value feedback control principle oscillogram during the double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter time sharing power supply.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Figure of description and embodiment the present invention is described further.
The double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit structure, be with a plurality of mutual isolation by the high frequency transformer of the single output of input more than, high-frequency inverter circuit and a shared output rectifier and filter of having input LC filter connect formation, each input of high frequency transformer and the corresponding one by one connection of the output of each high-frequency inverter circuit, the output of high frequency transformer and the input of output rectifier and filter link, described each have the high-frequency inverter circuit of input LC filter by input LC filter, high-frequency inverter cascade in regular turn constitutes, and described output rectifier and filter is by hf rectifier, the cascade in regular turn of output LC filter constitutes.
Principle waveform when double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter theory diagram, circuit structure, time sharing power supply is respectively shown in Fig. 3,4,5.Because double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter is a voltage source converter, its principle is equivalent to the stack of a plurality of buck single input DC converter at output end voltage, i.e. output voltage U
oWith input direct voltage (U
I1, U
I2..., U
In), the high frequency transformer turn ratio (N
2/ N
11, N
2/ N
12..., N
2/ N
1n), duty ratio (D
1, D
2..., D
n) between the pass be U
o=D
1U
I1N
2/ N
11+ D
2U
I2N
2/ N
12+ ... + D
nU
InN
2/ N
1nU
oAt suitable duty ratio (D
1, D
2..., D
n) and the high frequency transformer turn ratio (N
2/ N
11, N
2/ N
12..., N
2/ N
1n) time can greater than, be equal to or less than input direct voltage sum U
I1+ U
I2+ ... + U
InSo the high frequency transformer in this quasi-converter circuit structure has not only played security reliability and the Electro Magnetic Compatibility that improves the converter operation, the more important thing is the effect of having played matched output voltage and input voltage, realized that promptly the output voltage of converter is higher than, be equal to or less than input direct voltage sum U
I1+ U
I2+ ... + U
InTechnique effect, its range of application has obtained widening greatly.Because 0＜D
1+ D
2+ ... + D
n＜1, so U
o＜U
I1N
2/ V
I1+ U
I2N
2/ N
12+ ... + U
InN
2/ N
1n, i.e. output dc voltage U
oAlways be lower than input direct voltage (U
I1, U
I2..., U
1n) and the high frequency transformer turn ratio (N
2/ N
11, N
2/ N
12..., N
2/ N
1n) sum of products (U
I1N
2/ N
11+ U
I2N
2/ N
12+ ... + U
InN
2/ N
1n); Because the n of converter isolates individual having between the high-frequency inverter circuit of importing the LC filter mutually, isolation mutually between converter output DC load and the input power supply is so be called double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter with this quasi-converter again.High-frequency inverter in this circuit structure is made of a plurality of two quadrant high frequency power switches that can bear bi-directional voltage stress, unidirectional current stress, and hf rectifier is made of one or more high-frequency rectification diodes and fly-wheel diode.N input source of this circuit structure can only be powered to DC load in the cycle a HF switch in timesharing, and duty ratio can identical (D
1=D
2=...=D
n), also can different (D
1≠ D
2≠ ... ≠ D
n).
When power supply during to load transfer power, high-frequency inverter is modulated into input direct voltage many level high-frequencies pulse voltage u of unipolarity binary states or bipolarity three-state
N11, u
N12..., u
N1nAfter high frequency transformer T electrical isolation, transmission and voltage matches, hf rectifier is rectified into many level high-frequencies pulsed dc voltage with it, obtains high-quality direct voltage Uo behind output LC filter, and high-frequency inverter input pulse direct current is through input LC filter L
I1-C
I1, L
I2-C
I2..., L
In-C
InThe back is at input DC power U
I1, U
I2..., U
InIn can obtain level and smooth input dc power stream I
I1, I
I2..., I
In
Double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter of the present invention, because a shared high frequency transformer and an output rectifier and filter, a plurality of single input DC converter circuit structures in parallel with output in the traditional regenerative resource distributed power supply system exist important difference.Therefore, converter of the present invention is creative, have between the high-frequency inverter circuit and output and input between pair isolation, conversion efficiency height (meaning that energy loss is little), power density height (mean volume, weight little), advantage such as output voltage ripple is little, cost is low, application prospect is extensive, build today energy-saving, conservation-minded society vigorously advocating, have more important value.
The double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter circuit topology embodiment of family is shown in Fig. 6,7,8,9,10,11,12.Fig. 6 is a push-pull circuit, and Fig. 7 is a push-pull ortho-exciting formula circuit, and Fig. 8 is a paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type circuit, and Fig. 9 double tube positive exciting formula circuit, Figure 10 are paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula, and Figure 11 is a half bridge circuit, and Figure 12 is a full bridge circuit.Need to prove that RCD clamp circuit and the clamping diode among Fig. 9,10 among Fig. 8 are to be used for realizing high frequency transformer T
1, T
2The magnetic reset of (or T); The power switch of brachium pontis has adopted the two quadrant high frequency power switches that can bear unidirectional voltage stress, bidirectional current stress under in the full bridge inverter shown in Figure 12, and purpose is in order to save blocking diode.From the high-frequency inverter side, the voltage stress of push-pull type, push-pull ortho-exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type circuit high frequency power switch is the twice (2U of input voltage value
I1, 2U
I2..., 2U
In), the voltage stress of double tube positive exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula, semibridge system, full bridge circuit high frequency power switch is input voltage value (U
I1, U
I2..., U
In).From the output hf rectifier, the voltage stress of high-frequency rectification diode and fly-wheel diode is the input voltage value (U that converts secondary
I1N
2/ N
I1, U
I2N
2/ N
12..., U
InN
n/ N
1n).Push-pull type, push-pull ortho-exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type circuit are applicable to low pressure input conversion occasion, and double tube positive exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula, semibridge system, full bridge circuit are applicable to high pressure input conversion occasion.Double tube positive exciting formula circuit is applicable to small-power conversion occasion, and half bridge circuit is applicable to middle Power Conversion occasion, and push-pull type, push-pull ortho-exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type, paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula, full bridge circuit are applicable to high-power conversion occasion.This circuit topology family be applicable to a plurality of altogether or not altogether, unsettled input direct voltage is transformed into a required voltage size, stable, high-quality output dc voltage, can be used to realize to have the multi-input direct current converter in the novel renewable energy distributed power supply system of premium properties and wide application prospect, as photovoltaic cell 40-60VDC/360VDC, 10kw Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 85-120V/360VDC, middle-size and small-size family wind power generation 24-36-48VDC/360VDC, multiple input sources such as large-scale wind generating 1000VDC/360VDC are powered to DC load.
Double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter can be used to realize the various energy resources time sharing power supply, can adopt the 1st, 2 ..., n-1 road power output is fixed and the n road replenishes master-slave mode voltage, the current instantaneous value feedback control strategy of the required deficit power of load, its control block diagram and control principle waveform are respectively shown in Figure 13,14.With converter 1,2 ..., n-1 input current feedback signal I
I1f, I
I2f..., I
I (n-1) fRespectively with reference current I
I1r, I
I2r..., I
I (n-1) rCompare, its error signal has obtained error current amplifying signal I behind proportional and integral controller
1e, I
2e..., I
(n-1) e, with the output voltage feedback signal U of converter
OfWith reference voltage U
rCompare, its error signal has obtained error voltage amplifying signal U behind proportional and integral controller
e, I
1e, I
2e..., I
(n-1) e, U
eRespectively with zigzag carrier wave u
cHand over and cut, obtained pwm signal u
Hf1, u
Hf2..., u
HfnAnd reverse signal u
Hf12, u
Hf22..., u
Hfn2u
Hf1Respectively with trailing edge two divided-frequency signal u
SyAnd reverse signal u
SyWith, behind drive circuit, obtain power switch S
12(S
13), S
11(S
14) drive signal; u
Hf2..., u
HfnRespectively with u
Hf1, u
Hf2..., u
Hfn-1Reverse signal with the back, more respectively with u
Sy, u
SyWith, behind drive circuit, obtain power switch S
22(S
23) and S
21(S
24), S
32(S
33) and S
31(S
34) ..., S
N2(S
N3) and S
N1(S
N4) drive signal.
Therefore, when input voltage or load variations, by regulating reference voltage Ur and reference current I
I1r, I
I2r..., I
I (n-1) r, promptly regulated error voltage signal U
eWith error current signal I
1e, I
2e..., I
(n-1) eChange duty ratio D
1, D
2..., D
n, just can realize the stable of double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter output voltage, input current (power output) and regulate.
For push-pull type shown in Fig. 6～8,10,12, push-pull ortho-exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type, paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula, full bridge circuit, duty ratio (D
1, D
2..., D
n) be the twice of corresponding power duty cycle of switching, i.e. D
1=T
ONI/ (T
s/ 2), D
2=T
ON2/ (T
s/ 2) ..., D
n=T
ONn/ (T
s/ 2) (T
sBe the HF switch cycle); For double tube positive exciting formula, half bridge circuit shown in Fig. 9,11, duty ratio (D
1, D
2..., D
n) be the duty ratio of corresponding power switch, i.e. D
1=T
ON1/ T
s, D
2=T
ON2/ T
s..., D
n=T
ONn/ T
s
Claims (2)
1. double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter, it is characterized in that: this converter by the high frequency transformer of the single output of input more than with a plurality of mutual isolation, high-frequency inverter circuit and a shared output rectifier and filter of having input LC filter connect formation, each input of high frequency transformer and the corresponding one by one connection of the output of each high-frequency inverter circuit, the output of high frequency transformer and the input of output rectifier and filter link, described each have the high-frequency inverter circuit of input LC filter by input LC filter, high-frequency inverter cascade in regular turn constitutes, and described output rectifier and filter is by hf rectifier, the cascade in regular turn of output LC filter constitutes.
2. double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the circuit topology of described double-isolation step-down multi-input direct current converter is push-pull type, push-pull ortho-exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving single tube positive activation type, double tube positive exciting formula, paralleling and interleaving double tube positive exciting formula, semibridge system, full bridge circuit.
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