CN101533923A - Fuel cell stack - Google Patents

Fuel cell stack Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101533923A
CN101533923A CN200910127430A CN200910127430A CN101533923A CN 101533923 A CN101533923 A CN 101533923A CN 200910127430 A CN200910127430 A CN 200910127430A CN 200910127430 A CN200910127430 A CN 200910127430A CN 101533923 A CN101533923 A CN 101533923A
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China
Prior art keywords
fuel cell
cell
fuel
suction member
oxidant
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Granted
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CN200910127430A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN101533923B (en
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吉泽敦仁
茂木聪史
山本润
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0232—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0258—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the configuration of channels, e.g. by the flow field of the reactant or coolant
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0271—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes
    • H01M8/0273—Sealing or supporting means around electrodes, matrices or membranes with sealing or supporting means in the form of a frame
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/242—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes comprising framed electrodes or intermediary frame-like gaskets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a fuel cell stack in which at least one of a plurality of fuel cell units constituting a fuel cell stack includes a water absorbing member with a surface exposed to the atmosphere in a portion where an oxidizer flow path forming member and a separator are in contact with each other, and an area of a surface exposed to the atmosphere of the water absorbing member of the fuel cell unit the temperature of which becomes relatively lower is larger than an area of a surface exposed to the atmosphere of the water absorbing member of the fuel cell unit the temperature of which becomes relatively higher.

Description

Fuel cell pack
Technical field
[0001] the present invention relates to fuel cell pack, more particularly, relate to the Temperature Distribution that depends on during the generating and design the drainability of the oxidant stream of cell of fuel cell in the heap and the fuel cell pack of water retention property.
Background technology
[0002] polymer electrolyte fuel cells consists essentially of polymer dielectric film with proton-conducting and is provided at two the lip-deep a pair of catalyst layers and the electrode of this polymer dielectric film.
[0003] catalyst layer generally includes the catalyst layer of being made by platinum or platinum metal catalysts.Gas diffusion layers is provided on the outside of catalyst layer, is used for supply gas and collected current.
[0004] polymer dielectric film and the integrated assembly of catalyst layer are called membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and fuel (hydrogen) is supplied with one of electrode and oxidant (oxygen) is supplied with another electrode to generate electricity in the process that produces water.
[0005] electrode that is supplied to fuel is called fuel electrode, and the electrode that is supplied to oxidant is called oxidant electrode.Take out electric power from the electrode that is positioned at both sides.
[0006], there are in normal operation many situations, and a part of reaction energy is changed into heat with about 0.7V driving fuel battery unit though to have the theoretical voltage of the cell of fuel cell of a membrane electrode assembly be about 1.23V.
[0007] therefore, requiring under the situation of overactivity voltage more, piling up a plurality of cell of fuel cell and each cell of fuel cell is electrically connected in series and uses.
[0008] this class stacked structure is called fuel cell pack, and in this heap, oxidant stream and fuel path are known as the member isolation of dividing plate usually.Each is equipped with recess and protuberance in the plate shaped spacer.To be used as gas flow path in the face of the recess of membrane electrode assembly, and protuberance will be used as afflux portion.
[0009] in this fuel cell pack, a plurality of cell of fuel cell generate electricity simultaneously, and change owing to the thermal-radiating ratio of this pile structure depends on the various piece of this heap.The heat of following generating to produce more may be trapped in the cell of fuel cell that is arranged in central authorities on the stacking direction, and more may discharge from the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at two ends.Therefore, on the stacking direction of fuel cell pack, will produce such Temperature Distribution, promptly temperature is the highest in central authorities, and temperature is relatively low at two ends.In the presence of this Temperature Distribution, each cell of fuel cell of fuel cell pack generates electricity under different temperature conditions.
[0010] therefore, may produce following rough sledding.
[0011] at first, the overflow phenomena cell of fuel cell that more may be arranged in two ends on stacking direction takes place.This overflow phenomena is the phenomenon that reduces the gaseous diffusion performance in the oxidant electrode at the water condensation of oxidant electrode generation, and this reduces characteristic.When Temperature Distribution produces in heap, because water more may condensation in having the cell of fuel cell of lower temperature, so overflow more may take place at the cell of fuel cell that is arranged in two ends.
[0012] in addition, parch phenomenon more may be positioned at middle body on stacking direction battery unit generation.This parches the phenomenon that phenomenon is meant that the water content in the polymer dielectric raises and reduces with temperature, thereby the internal resistance in this raising battery unit causes the reduction of characteristic.
[0013] parching phenomenon may be in the not condensation of water that has high temperature so that produce at oxidant electrode and rising position takes place.
[0014] in order to eliminate the unsteadiness of the characteristic that causes owing to this Temperature Distribution, Japanese Patent Application Publication No.2005-340173 has proposed fuel cell pack, wherein gives the distribution of air quantity delivered for each battery unit of fuel cell pack.
[0015] specifically, the sectional area that has low temperature and be arranged in the oxidant stream that the dividing plate of each battery unit at two ends forms is set to maximum.
[0016] by means of this structure, it is big that the soakage of the air of supply becomes at two ends.Therefore, even when temperature is low, water is condensation hardly also, so that the variation of the occurrence degree of overflow phenomena reduces on stacking direction.
[0017] in addition, Japanese Patent Application Publication No.2004-311279 has proposed following fuel cell.The structure of this fuel cell makes the loss of the gas pressure in the cell of fuel cell at the two ends of fuel cell pack is set at gas pressure loss less than other cell of fuel cell, can suppress to pile two ends thus and have for example barrier gas stream of the reduction of drainability of the water that produces in the cell of fuel cell of lower temperature and the rough sledding that wherein relates to.
[0018] yet, disclosed above-mentioned conventional example has following problem among Japanese Patent Application Publication No.2005-340173 and the 2004-311279.
[0019] in having Japanese Patent Application Publication No.2005-340173 and 2004-311279 in the fuel cell pack of disclosed structure, for the water that discharges generation with reduce variations in temperature, be necessary with the oxidant flow of air blast etc.
[0020] more particularly, servicing unit for example air circulation mechanism and air blast must be set, and supply with the electric power that is used to drive this servicing unit.
[0021] therefore, for example, in fuel cell system needs the mobile application reduce as far as possible dimensionally etc., throwing into question aspect size and the weight.
Summary of the invention
[0022] the present invention relates to fuel cell pack, it has following structure: this structure does not need air circulation mechanism etc., and can solve overflow that is caused by the Temperature Distribution on the stacking direction under diffusion or minimum oxidant flow naturally and the structure that parches.
[0023] promptly, the invention provides fuel cell pack, it comprises a plurality of cell of fuel cell that pile up, and each of this cell of fuel cell comprises: the membrane electrode assembly that fuel electrode and oxidant electrode is configured in the both sides of polymer dielectric film; The oxidant stream forms member, and it is configured in the oxidant electrode side of this membrane electrode assembly and comprises the opening of supplying with oxidant through it; And dividing plate, it is configured the surperficial facing surfaces contact that contacts with this oxidant electrode that forms member with this oxidant stream, constitute wherein that at least one comprises the suction member in a plurality of cell of fuel cell of this fuel cell pack, this suction member forms in the part that member and this dividing plate contact with each other at this oxidant stream has the surface that is exposed to atmosphere, and wherein constitutes the area that is exposed to atmosphere of the suction member that the area on the surface that is exposed to atmosphere of the suction member of the cell of fuel cell that temperature becomes relatively low in a plurality of cell of fuel cell of this fuel cell pack becomes higher relatively cell of fuel cell greater than temperature.
[0024] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at two ends that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack has the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of the suction member bigger than the cell of fuel cell of the inboard that constitutes this fuel cell pack.
[0025] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, the area difference that wherein is exposed to the surface of atmosphere between two ends and the cell of fuel cell in the inboard forms the area difference of the outside part of giving prominence to of opening of member from this oxidant stream corresponding to the two ends of this suction member.
[0026] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, the area difference that wherein is exposed to the surface of atmosphere between two ends and the cell of fuel cell in the inboard forms area difference that member be exposed to the part of atmosphere from the two ends of this suction member with this oxidant stream the part that dividing plate contacts corresponding to, the two ends of this suction member.
[0027] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, the most inboard cell of fuel cell that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack is that this suction member is provided at the cell of fuel cell of inboard that this oxidant stream forms the two ends of member open side.
[0028] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, the most inboard cell of fuel cell that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack is the cell of fuel cell that this suction member is not provided.
[0029] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, wherein this oxidant stream formation member is formed by metal foam.
[0030] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, wherein this suction member is formed by fiber, this fiber has 80% or the higher index of aridity, this index of aridity is the ratio of rising water in a hour in the water that is absorbed by this suction member in the atmosphere of the relative humidity of 25 ℃ temperature and 50%, and when with the end of this fiber when under water this fiber in 10 seconds, have 40mm or higher water suction highly.
[0031] in addition, the invention provides fuel cell pack, wherein be configured in the suction member in the cell of fuel cell in the topmost on the gravity direction and be exposed to the outside of this cell of fuel cell and contact with the temperature heap member of formation higher than ambient temperature.
[0032] in addition, the invention provides the fuel cell pack that comprises a plurality of cell of fuel cell that pile up, each of this cell of fuel cell comprises: the membrane electrode assembly that fuel electrode and oxidant electrode is configured in the polymer dielectric film both sides; The oxidant stream forms member, it is configured in the oxidant electrode side of this membrane electrode assembly and comprises the opening of supplying with oxidant through it; And dividing plate, it is configured the surperficial facing surfaces contact that contacts with oxidant electrode that forms member with this oxidant stream, at least one of a plurality of cell of fuel cell that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack comprises the suction member, this suction member forms in the part that member and this dividing plate contact with each other at this oxidant stream has the surface that is exposed to atmosphere, and the cell of fuel cell that wherein is positioned at a plurality of cell of fuel cell two ends that constitute this fuel cell pack has the area on the surface that is exposed to atmosphere of this suction member bigger than the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at a plurality of cell of fuel cell inboard that constitutes this fuel cell pack.
[0033] according to the present invention, realized fuel cell pack, this fuel cell pack has following structure: this structure does not need air circulation mechanism etc., and can solve the overflow that is caused by the Temperature Distribution on the stacking direction flowing down of diffusion or minimum oxidant naturally and parch.
[0034] from the description of following exemplary with reference to accompanying drawing, further feature of the present invention will become apparent.
Description of drawings
[0035] Fig. 1 is that explanation constitutes the schematic, exploded perspective view of the structure of the cell of fuel cell of fuel cell pack according to embodiments of the present invention.
[0036] Fig. 2 be used for cell of fuel cell according to embodiments of the present invention treating that oxidant stream that the side that contacts with dividing plate has formed groove forms the perspective schematic view of member.
[0037] Fig. 3 is used for the perspective schematic view of the oxidant stream formation member that does not have groove of cell of fuel cell according to embodiments of the present invention.
[0038] Fig. 4 is the perspective schematic view that the oxidant stream that is used for cell of fuel cell according to embodiments of the present invention forms member, and wherein channel shaped is formed in and treats that the side that contacts with dividing plate and the two ends of this groove are cut.
[0039] Fig. 5 is that the oxidant stream forms member and the perspective schematic view of the member that absorbs water according to embodiments of the present invention, and the member that wherein will absorb water is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 and forms on the member so that the two ends of this suction member extend to the outside that this oxidant stream forms the side of member.
[0040] Fig. 6 is that the oxidant stream forms member and the perspective schematic view of the member that absorbs water according to embodiments of the present invention, and the member that wherein will absorb water is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 and forms on the member so that two end faces of this suction member are concordant with the side of this oxidant stream formation member respectively.
[0041] Fig. 7 is that the oxidant stream forms member and the perspective schematic view of the member that absorbs water according to embodiments of the present invention, and the member that wherein will absorb water is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 4 and forms on the member so that two end faces of this suction member are concordant with the side of this oxidant stream formation member respectively.
[0042] Fig. 8 is that the oxidant stream forms member and the perspective schematic view of the member that absorbs water according to embodiments of the present invention, and the member that wherein will absorb water is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 and forms on the member so that the two ends of this suction member lay respectively at the inboard that this oxidant stream forms the side of member.
[0043] Fig. 9 is the cross sectional representation that the structure of 1 fuel cell pack is described according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0044] Figure 10 is the cross sectional representation that the structure of 2 fuel cell pack is described according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0045] Figure 11 is the cross sectional representation that the structure of 3 fuel cell pack is described according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0046] Figure 12 is the cross sectional representation that the structure of 4 fuel cell pack is described according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0047] Figure 13 is the cross sectional representation that the structure of 5 fuel cell pack is described according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] Figure 14 illustrates the cross sectional representation of the fuel cell pack shown in 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] Figure 15 is explanation according to the diagram that concerns between the battery cell temperature of the battery unit of embodiment and comparative example and the battery cell voltage.
[0050] Figure 16 is explanation according to the diagram that concerns between the battery cell temperature of the cell of fuel cell of embodiment and comparative example and the dielectric film resistance.
[0051] Figure 17 is the diagram of explanation according to cell of fuel cell evaluation result of constant current characteristic under 65 ℃ battery cell temperature of embodiment and comparative example.
[0052] Figure 18 is the diagram of the I-V characteristic of the fuel cell pack of preparation among the explanation embodiment 1.
[0053] Figure 19 be will be among the embodiment 1 the cell of fuel cell No.8 of fuel cell pack of the preparation diagram of the voltage of each cell of fuel cell in constant current is measured that is configured to measure under the situation of topmost cell of fuel cell.
[0054] Figure 20 be explanation will be among the embodiment 1 the cell of fuel cell No.1 of fuel cell pack of the preparation diagram of the voltage of each cell of fuel cell in constant current is measured that is configured to measure under the situation of topmost cell of fuel cell.
[0055] Figure 21 be explanation will be among the embodiment 1 the cell of fuel cell No.8 of fuel cell pack of the preparation diagram of the cell voltage of cell of fuel cell No.8 in constant current is measured that is configured to measure under the situation of topmost cell of fuel cell and foot cell of fuel cell.
[0056] Figure 22 be will be among the embodiment 1 the cell of fuel cell No.1 of fuel cell pack of preparation be configured to measure under the situation of topmost cell of fuel cell in constant current is measured cell of fuel cell No.1 cell voltage and with embodiment 1 in the cell of fuel cell No.8 of fuel cell pack of the preparation diagram of the cell voltage of cell of fuel cell No.8 in constant current is measured that is configured to measure under the situation of topmost cell of fuel cell.
[0057] Figure 23 is the diagram that the fuel cell of preparation among the explanation embodiment 1 piles up constant current under Temperature Distribution during the driving.
Embodiment
[0058] fuel cell pack is according to embodiments of the present invention described.
[0059] at first, the structure that constitutes the cell of fuel cell of fuel cell pack in this embodiment is described.
[0060] Fig. 1 is the decomposition diagram of explanation formation according to the structure of the cell of fuel cell of the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.
[0061] Fig. 1 shows dividing plate 1, suction member 2, oxidant stream formation member 3, structure retaining member 4, oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5, supporting member 6, membrane electrode assembly 7, encapsulant 8, fuel electrode side gas diffusion layers 9 and fuel electrode chamber 10.
[0062] formation comprises according to the cell of fuel cell of the fuel cell pack of this embodiment: the encapsulant 8 of dividing plate 1, fuel electrode side gas diffusion layers 9 and fuel electrode side and oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5, oxidant stream form the dividing plate 1 of member 3, suction member 2, supporting member 6, structure retaining member 4 and oxidant electrode side, make membrane electrode assembly 7 be clipped in the middle by those elements.
[0063] by with golden coating metal plate for example the conductivity corrosion resistant plate form dividing plate 1, and be configured with the surperficial facing surfaces that contacts with oxidant electrode that the oxidant stream forms member 3 and contact.
[0064] in addition, fuel electrode chamber 10 is provided at the position corresponding with fuel electrode.
[0065] fuel electrode side gas diffusion layers 9 is electroconductive member for example carbon paper and the carbon cloths with gas permeability, and is contained in the fuel electrode chamber.
[0066] encapsulant 8 has sealing function, and is configured so that surrounds the outward flange of battery lead plate.Encapsulant 8 forms sealed space between membrane electrode assembly 7 and dividing plate 1 when fastening, thereby prevent that hydrogen from leaking from the fuel electrode chamber.
[0067], can use pad, O shape ring etc. as encapsulant.
[0068] in addition, can use the adhesive of membrane electrode assembly and battery lead plate bonding etc., and can use heat molten type bonding sheet etc.Oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5 and oxidant stream formation member 3 are stacked on oxidant electrode side.
[0069] as oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5, can use carbon paper, carbon cloth etc., the fuel electrode side gas diffusion layers 9 of fuel electrode side also is like this.
[0070] oxidant stream formation member 3 is the porous substrates with conductivity, and can preferably use by making for example metal foam that obtains of stainless steel, nickel or chromium porous of metal, this is owing to have the transmission excellence that the stream of high uniformity forms ability and fastening pressure.
[0071] as shown in Figure 2, form at the oxidant stream on the surface for the treatment of contact of member 3 and form groove, and the member 2 that will absorb water is configured in this groove in the contact site between this oxidant stream formation member 3 and dividing plate 1 with dividing plate 1.
[0072] the oxidant stream forms member 3 have open side on the plane vertical with the X-axis represented among Fig. 1.Via the air in this open side supply atmosphere.
[0073] because the generation of electric power, water from oxidant electrode generate with the steam form and dividing plate 1 condensation become liquid.Be configured in the suction member 2 absorption condensation water in the contact site between oxidant stream formation member 3 and the dividing plate 1, thereby suppress delay and the overflow that the oxidant stream forms water in the member 3.At this moment, because suction member 2 has the surface that is exposed to atmosphere, so that the generation water that absorbs is exposed to the surface of atmosphere via this is rising in atmosphere and be discharged from.
[0074] therefore, require suction member 2 to have high rising ability, and wish that for the viewpoint of drainability the index of aridity after a hour is 80% or higher in the atmosphere of 25 ℃ of temperature and 50% relative humidity.Be meant in the water that the suction member absorbs the ratio of rising water in a hour at the term " index of aridity after a hour " of this employing.
[0075] more particularly, in the water that absorbs by the suction member of the index of aridity in one hour the percentage of rising water represent.
[0076] for example, the suction member weight be 1g, the weight of the water of absorption is 2g, total weight is 3g, and the total weight after a hour is under the situation of 1.5g, and the weight owing to the rising water that discharges in one hour is 1.5g, so the index of aridity is 1.5 ÷, 2 * 100=75 (%).
[0077] in addition, the actuating force that water guiding is exposed to the surface of atmosphere is provided by capillarity.
[0078] therefore, suction member 2 need be the member that shows capillarity, and for example, wishes that suction member 2 is generated the fiber of water etc. and constitutes by guiding, and the suction in the time of wherein in the end immersion water of this fiber in 10 seconds highly is 40mm or higher.
[0079] has this specific character and can comprise polyimides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester, polyethylene and polypropylene as the example of material of suction member 2.
[0080] supporting member 6 surrounds the contact site between fuel electrode side gas diffusion layers 9 and the membrane electrode assembly 7, and is configured in the position corresponding with the containment member 8 of this fuel electrode side.
[0081] material that does not require supporting member 6 has conductivity, but requires it to have highly corrosion resistant and rigidity, and can use metal for example stainless steel or pottery or plastics.
[0082] in addition, require the surface that contacts with membrane electrode assembly 7 of supporting member 6 to have high flatness.Its reason is to make the fastening pressure of containment member 8 when fastening cell of fuel cell more even.
[0083] in addition, be provided with to such an extent that compare enough for a short time with the thickness that stream forms member 3, can guarantee fully that the air that forms the side of member 3 through the oxidant stream flows into by thickness with supporting member 6.
[0084] structure retaining member 4 forms member 3 high members than oxidant stream at least by rigidity and forms, and limit the height of cell of fuel cell and the thickness of oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5 and oxidant stream formation member 3, thereby prevent that oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5 and oxidant stream from forming the excessive deformation of member 3.
[0085] in addition, structure retaining member 4 has bolt hole 11.
[0086] in addition, structure retaining member 4 is equipped with fuel flow path 12, and they become fuel manifold on the stacking direction at cell of fuel cell after fuel cell pack constitutes.
[0087] in order to prevent that fuel from leaking from this fuel manifold, wishes between each structural elements, suitably to insert containment member that this depends on the kind of employed fuel.
[0088] fuel manifold that so forms is made by the structure retaining member 4 with high rigidity.Therefore, fuel manifold can prevent because during fastening or the fuel leak that causes of distortion afterwards and offset.
[0089] example that can be used for the material with high rigidity of structure retaining member 4 comprises metal for example stainless steel and pottery and plastics.
[0090] when providing structure retaining member 4 on supporting member 6, fastening pressure is sent to supporting member through the structure retaining member, has improved the alignment precision of supporting member thus.
[0091] on the other hand, though structural texture retaining member 4 and supporting member 6 individually if they are integrally constructed, then can further reduce the alignment function in the fuel cell manufacturing step.
[0092] in this embodiment, when piling up a plurality of cell of fuel cell with said structure with the structure fuel cell pack, at least one in the cell of fuel cell has the suction member that is equipped with the surface that is exposed to atmosphere through structure so that in the oxidant stream forms contact site between member and the dividing plate.
[0093] then, in the cell of fuel cell that temperature becomes relatively low, set the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of suction member greatly, make the rising ability and the discharge capacity of the generation water that is absorbed by this suction member higher thus.On the contrary, in the cell of fuel cell that temperature becomes higher relatively, set the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of suction member little, make the rising ability and the discharge capacity of the generation water that is absorbed by this suction member low thus.
[0094] at this moment, the suction member can provide groove on the air inflow direction in structure so that the contact site between oxidant stream formation member and dividing plate.
[0095] because the generation of electric power, water produces with the steam form from oxidant electrode, and condensation and become liquid in dividing plate.By the member that will absorb water be configured in as the oxidant stream form member metal foam treat with part that dividing plate contacts in, can absorb and capture condensed water effectively.
[0096] in addition, because the suction member does not contact with oxidant electrode, so air does not get clogged to the supply of oxidant electrode, so the reduction of output characteristic is suppressed.
[0097] in addition, the area difference that is exposed to two ends outstanding (or extension) that the area difference on the surface of atmosphere can be by the member that wherein absorbs water part outside the oxidant stream forms the peristome of member provide (referring to the embodiment 1 of description after a while).Therefore, increase the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere, can generate water with the area of steam form with being derived heap and can increase thus by the generation water of suction member absorption through the surface of its discharge.This can discharge generation water effectively.In addition, being exposed to two ends that the area difference on the surface of atmosphere can be by the member that wherein absorbs water forms member from this oxidant stream and constructs (referring to the embodiment 2 of description after a while) with the area difference that this oxidant stream formation member the part that dividing plate contacts is exposed to the part of atmosphere in the two ends of this suction member therein.
[0098] specifically, for example, the degree of depth of end that can make the groove that forms in the metal foam is greater than the degree of depth of this groove central portion.The end that makes the oxidant stream form the groove that forms in the member forms deeplyer than its central portion, forms the step discrepancy in elevation thus in groove.Described end is darker than central portion, and the suction member that therefore is configured in the groove more is exposed to atmosphere owing to the amount corresponding with this step discrepancy in elevation, and generating water thus increases through its area with the surface of steam form discharge, therefore can discharge generation water effectively.
[0099] in addition, constitute being positioned at inner most cell of fuel cell and can constituting of fuel cell pack by the cell of fuel cell that does not have the suction member.
[00100] in addition, constitute the inboard that inner most cell of fuel cell can be provided at two sides with peristome of oxidant stream formation member through structure so that the member that will absorb water that is positioned at of fuel cell pack.
[00101] two ends by the member that will absorb water are configured in the inboard of heap side, and the suction member is not exposed to atmosphere, and the member that therefore absorbs water is as water conservation layer performance function and make it advantageously bring into play function parching under the condition of high temperature of carrying out.
[00102] because above-mentioned structure, can obtain following structure: this structure can solve flowing the overflow that is caused by the Temperature Distribution on the stacking direction and parch at diffusion or minimum oxidant naturally.
[00103] therefore, can realize fuel cell pack, realized that wherein cell of fuel cell can stably carry out in anti-the parching property of high temperature side and the generation of electric power at the anti-overflow and the cell of fuel cell of low temperature side under height output.
[00104] hereinafter, will the fuel cell pack of the various embodiments according to the present invention be described in more detail, wherein piled up a plurality of cell of fuel cell with above-mentioned structure.
[00105] in the fuel cell pack in following each embodiment, the representative configuration of wherein having piled up 8 cell of fuel cell is described.Yet, the invention is not restricted to this.
[00106] in addition, can expect effect of the present invention, as long as use at least two kinds of cell of fuel cell that constitute fuel cell pack.
[00107] (embodiment 1)
[00108] in embodiment 1, the following representative configuration that is provided in the fuel cell pack of member that wherein absorbs water is described, in this fuel cell pack, pile up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
[00109] more particularly, in this embodiment, to have maximum exposure is provided in the cell of fuel cell at two ends in the suction member of the surface area of atmosphere, the suction member that area is littler than the area of the cell of fuel cell at two ends is provided in the middle cell of fuel cell, and the suction member is not provided on interior cell of fuel cell.
[00110] Fig. 9 illustrates the structure of the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.
[00111] as shown in Figure 9, according to the fuel cell pack of this embodiment through structure make eight cell of fuel cell shown in each comfortable Fig. 1 from fuel electrode side on stacking direction by cell of fuel cell No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 sequence stack.
[00112] at this, in the cell of fuel cell No.1 and 8 that the temperature at two ends becomes relatively low, the fluted oxidant stream of outfit that suction member 2 is configured in as shown in Figure 2 forms in the groove of member 3.
[00113] at this moment, suction member 2 is configured and makes its two ends give prominence to (promptly extending) from the open side that the oxidant stream forms member 3, as shown in Figure 5.
[00114] therefore, the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of suction member 2 increases, and the generation water of Xi Shouing can rising effectively and discharge thus.
[00115] among the cell of fuel cell No.2,3,6 and 7 in the middle of temperature becomes, suction member 2 is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 forms in the groove of member 3, so that two end face is concordant with the open side of oxidant stream formation member 3 respectively.
[00116] therefore, water with discharge is compared littler with discharging with the transpiration of the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at two ends by the transpiration of suction member 2.
[00117] in addition, the cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 as temperature becomes higher relatively uses following cell of fuel cell: use the oxidant stream that does not have groove to form member, and do not dispose suction member 2 on it, as shown in Figure 3.
[00118] therefore, can access the fuel cell pack that wherein satisfies anti-overflow and anti-parching property.
[00119] (embodiment 2)
[00120] in embodiment 2, the following representative configuration that is provided in the fuel cell pack of member that wherein will absorb water is described, in this fuel cell pack, pile up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
[00121] in this embodiment, the structure of the suction member in the cell of fuel cell at two ends is different from embodiment 1.
[00122] more particularly, in this embodiment, have the suction member of maximum exposure, the suction member is configured in the oxidant stream that its open side partly cut forms in the groove of member in the surface area of atmosphere in order to form.
[00123] cell of fuel cell is identical with embodiment 1 with the structure of the structure that is arranged in inner most cell of fuel cell, suction member in the middle of other.
[00124] Figure 10 explanation is according to the structure of the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.As shown in Figure 10, press cell of fuel cell No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 sequence stack from fuel electrode side at stacking direction through structure so that at eight cell of fuel cell shown in=Fig. 1 according to the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.At this, be among the cell of fuel cell No.1 and 8 that the temperature at these heap two ends becomes relatively low, the oxidant stream that suction member 2 is configured in the groove that is equipped with as shown in Figure 4 forms in the groove of member 3, and the open side that wherein this oxidant stream is formed the part that has wherein formed groove of member 3 cuts.
[00125] in this state, as shown in Figure 7, suction member 2 is configured and makes two end face concordant with the open side that is not cut that the oxidant stream forms member 3.
[00126] therefore, be configured in the groove the suction member therein this oxidant stream groove of forming member 3 open side of forming part cut to be exposed to atmosphere in the part that retreats.
[00127] therefore, can increase the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere, and needn't make the suction member extend to the outside of cell of fuel cell, can realize littler cell of fuel cell thus.
[00128] becomes among the cell of fuel cell No.2,3 placed in the middle, 6 and 7 in temperature, suction member 2 is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 forms in the groove of member 3, so that two end face is concordant with the open side that the oxidant stream forms member 3.
[00129] in addition, the cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 as temperature becomes higher relatively uses following cell of fuel cell: use the oxidant stream that does not have groove to form member, and do not dispose suction member 2 on it, as shown in Figure 3.
[00130] therefore, can realize satisfying the fuel cell pack of balance between gratifying anti-overflow and anti-the parching property.
[00131] (embodiment 3)
[00132] in embodiment 3, the following representative configuration that is provided in the fuel cell pack of member that wherein absorbs water is described, in this fuel cell pack, pile up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
[00133] in this embodiment, the structure of the suction member in the inner most cell of fuel cell is different from embodiment 1.
[00134] more particularly, in this embodiment, the member that will absorb water is provided at and is in the inner most cell of fuel cell of heap, so that the two ends of this suction member are positioned the inboard that the oxidant stream forms the open side of member.
[00135] structure of the suction member in the cell of fuel cell at two ends and the middle cell of fuel cell is identical with in the embodiment 1 those.
[00136] Figure 11 illustrates the structure of the fuel cell pack in this embodiment.As shown in Figure 11, press cell of fuel cell No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 sequence stack from fuel electrode side at stacking direction through eight cell of fuel cell shown in structure so that Fig. 1 according to the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.In addition, in this embodiment, in the cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 that temperature becomes higher relatively, the member 2 that will absorb water disposes as shown in Figure 8 like that, so that its two ends are positioned the inboard that the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 forms two sides of member 3.This suction member 2 is configured and is not exposed to atmosphere, therefore, can suppress its rising ability, and the member 2 that absorbs water thus can be used as material which can retain moisture, and can improve the characteristic under the high temperature.
[00137] therefore, can realize wherein improving the characteristic under the high temperature and satisfy anti-overflow simultaneously and the fuel cell pack of anti-parching property.
[00138] (embodiment 4)
[00139] in embodiment 4, the following representative configuration that is provided in the fuel cell pack of member that wherein absorbs water is described, in this fuel cell pack, pile up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
[00140] in this embodiment, the structure of the suction member in the cell of fuel cell that cell of fuel cell that the inboard temperature of heap becomes higher and the inner most temperature of heap become the highest is different from those in the embodiment 1.
[00141] more particularly, in this embodiment, suction member 2 is not configured in the cell of fuel cell that the temperature of battery pile inboard becomes higher relatively, and this suction member is configured the inboard that its two ends consequently are positioned the open side of the oxidant stream formation member in the cell of fuel cell that the inner most temperature of this heap becomes the highest.
[00142] Figure 12 illustrates the structure of the fuel cell pack in this embodiment.As shown in Figure 12, press cell of fuel cell No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 sequence stack from fuel electrode side at stacking direction through eight cell of fuel cell shown in structure so that Fig. 1 according to the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.At this, in the cell of fuel cell No.1 and 8 that the temperature at two ends becomes relatively low, suction member 2 is configured in the oxidant stream with groove and forms in the groove of member 3, as shown in Figure 2.
[00143] in this state, suction member 2 is configured the open side outstanding (promptly extending) that makes its two ends form member 3 respectively from the oxidant stream, as shown in Figure 5.
[00144] therefore, the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of suction member 2 increases, and the generation water of Xi Shouing can rising efficiently and discharge thus.
[00145] becomes among the cell of fuel cell No.2 and 7 placed in the middle in temperature, as shown in Figure 6, suction member 2 is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 forms in the groove of member 3, so that two end face is concordant with two sides of this oxidant stream formation member 3 respectively.
[00146] in addition, the cell of fuel cell No.3 and 6 as temperature becomes higher relatively uses following cell of fuel cell: use the oxidant stream that does not have groove to form member, and do not dispose suction member 2 on it, as shown in Figure 3.
[00147] in addition, in the cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 that temperature becomes the highest, as shown in Figure 8, suction member 2 is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 forms in the groove of member 3, so that its two ends are positioned the inboard that the oxidant stream forms the open side of member 3 respectively.
[00148] this suction member is configured and is not exposed to atmosphere, therefore can suppress its rising ability, should can be used as material which can retain moisture by the suction member thus, and can improve the characteristic under the high temperature.Therefore, can realize wherein improving the characteristic under the high temperature and satisfy anti-overflow simultaneously and the fuel cell pack of anti-parching property.
[00149] (embodiment 5)
[00150] in embodiment 5, the following representative configuration that is provided in the fuel cell pack of member that wherein will absorb water is described, in this fuel cell pack, pile up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1.
The structure of the suction member during [00151] in this embodiment, its temperature that is in the heap two ends becomes relatively low cell of fuel cell is different from those in the embodiment 1.
[00152] Figure 13 illustrates the structure of the fuel cell pack in this embodiment.As shown in Figure 13, press cell of fuel cell No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 sequence stack from fuel electrode side at stacking direction through structure so that at eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1 according to the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.In this embodiment, be among the cell of fuel cell No.1,2,7 and 8 that the temperature of two ends becomes relatively low, the fluted oxidant stream of outfit that suction member 2 is configured in as shown in Figure 2 forms in the groove of member 3.In this state, as shown in Figure 5, suction member 2 is configured and makes that the open side from this oxidant stream formation member 3 is outstanding respectively at its two ends.
[00153] therefore, the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of this suction member increases, and the generation water of Xi Shouing can rising effectively and discharge thus.
[00154] at this, being positioned at the cell of fuel cell No.1 at heap two ends and 8 temperature becomes and is lower than the cell of fuel cell No.2 that is positioned at this unit No.1 and 8 inboards and 7 temperature, therefore, the surface area of expansion of suction member 2 in cell of fuel cell No.1 and 8 is set greater than in cell of fuel cell No.2 and 7 those.
[00155] becomes among the cell of fuel cell No.3 and 6 placed in the middle in temperature, as shown in Figure 6, suction member 2 is configured in the oxidant stream shown in Fig. 2 and forms in the groove of member 3, so that two end face is concordant with the open side of oxidant stream formation member 3 respectively.
[00156] in addition, in the cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 that temperature becomes higher relatively, use following cell of fuel cell: use the oxidant stream do not have groove to form on member and its and do not dispose suction member 2, as shown in Figure 3.
[00157] therefore, can obtain wherein to satisfy simultaneously the fuel cell pack of anti-overflow and anti-parching property.
[00158] (embodiment 6)
[00159] by piling up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1 to form the fuel cell pack that stack of cells obtains embodiment 6.
[00160] piling up with No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 cell of fuel cell of representing and make under the situation of its generating at stacking direction from fuel electrode side, the generation water that cell of fuel cell from lower floor is discharged rises with the steam form, improves the humidity of the edge of the cell of fuel cell in the upper strata thus.
[00161] for example, forming under the situation that cell of fuel cell No.1 wherein is configured in the battery pile of downside and generating, the water that generates in each cell of fuel cell becomes steam and the relative gravity direction upwards rises.
[00162] therefore, the edge that is in the cell of fuel cell No.8 of topmost on gravity direction will have high humility.
[00163] in the atmosphere of high humility, the rising ability of hygroscopicity fibre reduces, so the discharge capacity of the cell of fuel cell in the upper strata reduces.
[00164],, improves the rising ability of hygroscopicity fibre, even in the atmosphere of high humility in order to improve the discharge capacity of the cell of fuel cell in the upper strata according to this embodiment.
[00165] specifically, the part of the hygroscopicity fibre in the cell of fuel cell that is configured on gravity direction in the top is contacted with the heap member of formation that temperature becomes higher than ambient temperature, and the part of this hygroscopicity fibre extends to this cell of fuel cell outside.
Have high temperature when [00166] this piles up generating, so the temperature of collector and end plate becomes 40 ℃ or higher.
[00167] member that temperature is uprised contacts with hygroscopicity fibre heat is given this hygroscopicity fibre, thus can accelerated evaporation and discharging, even in high humidity atmosphere.
[00168] Figure 14 is the cross sectional representation according to the fuel cell pack of this embodiment.
[00169] in the cross sectional representation of Figure 14, the hygroscopicity fibre of outside of the top cell of fuel cell of the fuel cell pack in the embodiment 1 that extends to shown in Fig. 9 is contacted with end plate with collector, and described collector and end plate are that temperature becomes and is higher than the pile element of ambient temperature.
[00170] as long as topmost cell of fuel cell is constructed as shown in Figure 14, the structure of other cell of fuel cell can be those shown in the embodiment 2～5.
[00171] (embodiment)
[00172] hereinafter will the present invention be described by embodiment.
[00173] (embodiment 1)
[00174] preparation of membrane electrode assembly among this embodiment is at first described.
[00175] at polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) sheet material (Nitfron (trade name); Make by Nitto Denko Corporation) go up the platinum-oxide catalyst that forms thickness 2000nm by reactive sputtering process with dendritic structure, this sheet material is as the layer that is transferred to dielectric film.
[00176] be 0.68mg/cm by XRF mensuration Pt appendix amount and discovery this moment 2This reactive sputtering process is carried out under the following conditions: the total pressure of 4Pa, 70% oxygen flow rate (Q 02/ Q Ar+ Q 02)), 300 ℃ base material temperature and 4.9W/cm 2Input power.
[00177] subsequently, to platinum-oxide catalyst with dendritic structure under 120 ℃ at 2%H 2Reduced 30 minutes in the/He atmosphere (1atm), on the PTFE sheet material, formed platinum catalyst layers thus with dendritic structure.In addition, on the surface of this catalyst, to form electrolyte channels effectively, then carry out suitable water-proofing treatment, obtain catalyst layer thus in oxidant electrode side with this PTFE sheet material of mix suspending solution impregnation of PTFE and Nafion (trade name).
[00178] next, at PTFE sheet material (Nitfron (trade name); Make by NittoDenko Corporation) go up the platinum-oxide catalyst that forms thickness 500nm by reactive sputtering process with dendritic structure, this sheet material is as the layer that is transferred to dielectric film.
[00179] be 0.17mg/cm by XRF mensuration Pt appendix amount and discovery 2This reactive sputtering process is carried out under the following conditions: the total pressure of 4Pa, 70% oxygen flow rate (Q 02/ Q Ar+ Q 02)), 300 ℃ base material temperature and 4.9W/cm 2Power.
[00180] subsequently, to platinum-oxide catalyst with dendritic structure under 120 ℃ at 2%H 2Reduced 30 minutes in the/He atmosphere (1atm), on the PTFE sheet material, obtained to have the platinum catalyst layers of dendritic structure thus.In addition, flood this PTFE sheet material on the surface of this catalyst, to form electrolyte channels effectively, obtain catalyst layer thus in fuel electrode side with the aaerosol solution of Nafion (trade name).
[00181] next, with polymer dielectric film (Nafion112 (trade name); Make by Dupont Corporation) be clipped in the middle of the catalyst layer of the catalyst layer of the oxidant electrode side for preparing in the above-mentioned steps and fuel electrode side, and under the pressing conditions of 150 ℃ and 8Mpa hot pressing gains 1 minute.
[00182] then, peel off the PTFE sheet material, obtained membrane electrode assembly 7 thus, wherein dielectric film and a pair of catalyst layer bonding so that this is transferred to this polymer dielectric film to catalyst layer.
[00183] next, the representative configuration of the heap of this embodiment is described.
[00184] representative configuration of the fuel cell pack of this embodiment is described according to the situation of using typical material and numerical value to prepare the fuel cell pack of embodiment 1.
[00185] obtains this representative configuration in the mode of piling up eight cell of fuel cell shown in Fig. 1, and cell of fuel cell is called cell of fuel cell No.1,2,3,4,5,6,7 and 8 from fuel electrode side.
[00186] at this, the width of fuel cell is about 10mm, and its length is about 30mm.
[00187] obtains dividing plate 1 by stainless steel sheet material with the about 0.5mm of golden plating thickness.
[00188] in this dividing plate 1, cuts the part corresponding and arrive the degree of depth of about 0.2mm to form fuel electrode chamber 10 with fuel electrode.The configuration carbon cloth fuel electrode side gas diffusion layers 9 in the electrode chambers 10 that acts as a fuel.
[00189] as carbon cloth, use the LT2500W (trade name) that makes by E-TEK, and be about 0.4mm before fastening its thickness setting, this carbon cloth is compressed into about 0.3mm when fastening.
[00190] therefore, the contact resistance that this carbon cloth can reduce between membrane electrode assembly 7 and the dividing plate 1 is collected performance with holding current, is included in when fastening in the fuel electrode chamber 10 simultaneously.
[00191] containment member 8 is configured in the neighboring of dividing plate 1, and fastening the time, between membrane electrode assembly 7 and dividing plate 1, has formed sealed space to prevent that hydrogen is from 10 leakages of fuel electrode chamber.
[00192], uses by Viton (trade name as containment member 8; Make by DuPontCorporation) thickness made is that 0.1mm and width are the containment member of 1mm.
[00193] in oxidant electrode side, the carbon cloth (LT1200W (trade name) of the about 0.3mm of configuration thickness; Make by E-TEK) as oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers 5, and the configuration metal foam forms member 3 as the oxidant stream.
[00194] among the cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 that temperature becomes the highest during electric power produces, uses the carbon cloth (LT2500W (trade name) of about 0.4mm thickness and water holding capacity excellence; Make by E-TEK).
[00195] as metal foam, use nickeliferous and chromium material with high rigidity as key component, it has the hole dimension of about 900 μ m and about 90% porosity.In addition, the thickness setting with this material is about 1.5mm.
[00196] treats that at this metal foam four width that the side that contacts with dividing plate 1 forms as shown in Figure 2 are that the 2.5mm and the degree of depth are the groove of 0.45mm so that cross the air inflow direction in advance.The liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes) that cuts into the 2.5mm width is configured in the groove as the suction member of being made by polyimide fiber.
[00197] at this moment, at the cell of fuel cell No.1 and 8 that the temperature that is arranged in the heap two ends becomes relatively low, four suction members so that their two ends that configuration cuts into 14mm length separately extend to outside 2mm respectively, as shown in Figure 5.
[00198] in addition, become among the cell of fuel cell No.2,3,6 and 7 of medium temperature in temperature, it is concordant with the side of cell of fuel cell respectively to dispose four the suction members so that their two end faces that cut into 10mm length separately under the situation that does not extend to the outside.
[00199] next, evaluation method is described.
[00200] estimates the three kinds of cell of fuel cell No.1,2 and 4 that in heap construction, describe respectively.
[00201] heater is introduced each cell of fuel cell and be in 40 ℃-65 ℃, and under the relative humidity of 25 ℃ temperature and 50%, carry out in calm atmosphere by inflow naturally at 400mA/cm flowing down of not using that air blast produces to keep temperature 2Current density under constant current measure.
[00202] in addition, pile up described three kinds of cell of fuel cell with the preparation fuel cell pack by the arrangement of describing in the heap construction, and under the relative humidity of 25 ℃ temperature and 50%, carry out in calm atmosphere by inflow naturally at 400mA/cm flowing down of not using that air blast produces 2Current density under constant current measure.
[00203] (comparative example)
[00204] as be used for according to the fuel cell pack of the embodiment of the invention 1 comparative example relatively, with with above-mentioned evaluation method in identical mode use same film electrode assemblie evaluation in the battery structure that uses in the fuel cell of embodiment 1 not to be equipped with the cell of fuel cell of liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes).
[00205] at this, as the gas diffusion layers of oxidant electrode side, use with embodiment 1 in the different carbon cloths (LT1200W (trade name) of use; Make by E-TEK).
[00206] therefore, relatively depend on the existence of liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes)/do not exist and the depend on property difference of the kind of oxidant electrode diffusion layer.
[00207] Figure 15 shows each battery unit structure cell voltage at various temperatures.
[00208] incidentally, battery cell voltage is at 400mA/cm 2The voltage measured after 4.5 hours of constant current operation.
[00209] as shown in Figure 15, the voltage of cell of fuel cell No.1 is high at low temperatures and at high temperature low.
[00210] by comparison, the voltage of the cell of fuel cell of comparative example is low at low temperatures and at high temperature higher.In property difference, think that at the property difference of low temperature side overflow has taken place in the delay that is attributable to owing to generating water.
[00211] therefore, during the weight of the occluded water in measuring each cell of fuel cell, the result is: the hold-up at 40 ℃ of generation water after following 4.5 hours among the cell of fuel cell No.1 is 108mg, and the hold-up at 40 ℃ of generation water after following 4.5 hours among the cell of fuel cell No.2 is 138mg.
[00212] by comparison, the hold-up of generation water is 180mg in the cell of fuel cell of comparative example.
[00213] its reason is that liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type is (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. make) surface area that is exposed to the cell of fuel cell outside is big more, the rising ability that generates water is high more, discharges the ability that generates water thus and is improved, and this can suppress overflow.
[00214] in addition, on the high temperature side that generates the easier transpiration of water and parch, wherein liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type is (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. make) be exposed to the little battery unit of surface area of battery unit outside, or wherein do not dispose the cell of fuel cell of liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes) and show gratifying characteristic owing to have the ability of high maintenance generation water.
[00215] Figure 16 shows the dielectric film resistance at each temperature.
[00216] common, when humidification was enough, the resistance of dielectric film uprised along with temperature and reduces.Therefore, in any battery unit structure, reduce with the temperature raising at relatively lower temp side form resistance.Yet film resistance begins to increase under certain temperature.This means that film becomes dry, because temperature improves to reduce relative humidity.
[00217] be exposed to the surface area of cell of fuel cell outside when big when liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes), the point that film resistance begins to increase is shifted to the lower temperature side.
[00218] this means that when battery cell temperature improved, it is too high that drainability becomes, thereby this has adverse effect reduction characteristic to water holding capacity.
[00219] Figure 17 shows the cell of fuel cell No.4 of embodiment 1, the cell of fuel cell and the contrast of cell of fuel cell constant current characteristic under 65 ℃ battery cell temperature of preparation separately of comparative example, in this cell of fuel cell for preparing separately, the two ends of liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes) are positioned the inboard of the side of metal foam as shown in Figure 8 respectively.
[00220] adhesive-bonded fabric of liquid diffusion therein P type is (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. make) be positioned at as shown in Figure 8 in the cell of fuel cell of inboard of side of metal foam, liquid is spread adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. length setting manufacturing) is 5mm, and its two ends are positioned at the inside 2.5mm of the side of metal foam.
[00221] as the oxidant electrode side gas diffusion layers, the carbon cloth of the about 0.3mm of used thickness (by the LT1200W of E-TEK manufacturing).
[00222] as shown in Figure 17, those of the cell of fuel cell of the cell of fuel cell No.4 characteristic at high temperature of embodiment 1 and comparative example are compared and are improved.It is believed that this is attributable to the water holding capacity height of gas diffusion layers.
[00223] in addition, the two ends of liquid diffusion adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes) are positioned in the cell of fuel cell of inboard of side of metal foam as shown in Figure 8 therein, and the characteristic of high temperature side also is improved similarly.In embodiment 1, used thickness is that the cell of fuel cell of the carbon cloth (LT2500W that is made by E-TEK) of about 0.4mm shows higher characteristic, and therefore such cell of fuel cell is as cell of fuel cell No.4 and 5 and be configured in the central portion of heap.
[00224] yet, can replace such structure, at used thickness is in the battery unit of carbon cloth (LT2500W that is made by E-TEK) of about 0.4mm, and the two ends that liquid is spread adhesive-bonded fabric P type (by AMBIC Co., Ltd. makes) are positioned at the inboard of the side of metal foam.
[00225] as mentioned above, to the structure of the cell of fuel cell that only uses comparative example, the temperature range that wherein can carry out stabilized driving is 55 ℃-60 ℃.Yet by above-mentioned three kinds of cell of fuel cell being configured in the position of expectation, the temperature range that can carry out stabilized driving can expand 40 ℃-65 ℃ to.
[00226] therefore, even in having the fuel cell pack of Temperature Distribution, each cell of fuel cell also can show high characteristic.
[00227] based on The above results, preparation has the fuel cell pack of structure described in the embodiment 1 and passes through at 0.1mA/scm 2Sweep speed under non-constant current method (galvanodynamic method) and at 400mA/cm 2Under constant current evaluation of measuring characteristic.In addition, water leg is connected to the compartment of heap, and when cooling off this heap, measures with 40 ℃ cooling water flow.
[00228] Figure 18 I-V curve of showing when the heap of embodiment 1 vertically being placed and make stacking direction be in vertical direction and obtaining via the heap of non-constant current method evaluation embodiment 1 when working as horizontal positioned and making stacking direction be in horizontal direction.
[00229] as can be seen from Figure 18, in vertically placing, especially characteristic is higher in areas of high current density.
[00230] this is flowed into the peculiar phenomenon of situation that is sucked naturally for air.Battery pile is vertically placed and stacking direction is under the situation of vertical direction, cross-ventilation is better, and especially, characteristic is improved in areas of high current density.
[00231] therefore, it is desirable estimating battery pile under the state of vertically placing.Under the situation of vertically placing, exist cell of fuel cell No.1, promptly the fuel electrode of battery pile is placed on the method for downside and with cell of fuel cell No.8, promptly the oxidant electrode of battery pile is placed on the method for downside.
[00232] Figure 19 shows the voltage of each cell of fuel cell when carrying out constant current mensuration with the cell of fuel cell No.1 that is configured in downside, and Figure 20 shows the voltage of each cell of fuel cell when carrying out constant current mensuration with the cell of fuel cell No.8 that is configured in downside.
[00233] in Figure 19, the big degree of the voltage of each cell of fuel cell ground changes, and the cell of fuel cell among Figure 20 shows substantially similar each other characteristic.
[00234] will compare with the situation of measuring with the cell of fuel cell No.8 that is configured in downside (as shown in Figure 20) with the situation (as shown in Figure 19) that the cell of fuel cell No.1 that is configured in downside measures, especially uppermost cell of fuel cell, the characteristic that is cell of fuel cell No.8 reduces significantly, as shown in Figure 19.
[00235] Figure 21 shows every kind of arrangement, promptly cell of fuel cell No.8 as the situation of uppermost cell of fuel cell and cell of fuel cell No.8 as the result of cell of fuel cell No.8 only in the situation of nethermost cell of fuel cell.
[00236] under cell of fuel cell No.8 is configured in situation in the topmost, voltage reduces, but does not relate to the increase of dielectric film resistance.Therefore, think that voltage is owing to overflow reduces.Compare with it, under cell of fuel cell No.8 was configured in situation in the foot, the reduction of voltage was zero or little.
[00237] difference between them only is the difference of the placement direction of battery pile, therefore thinks that the difference of placement direction causes above-mentioned difference.Promptly, under the cell of fuel cell No.8 shown in Figure 19 is configured in situation in the topmost, the steam of thinking at cell of fuel cell No.7 and more generating in the low fuel battery unit and discharge moves up, and this improves the outer peripheral humidity of cell of fuel cell No.8.The transpiration of hygroscopicity fibre and discharge capacity reduce in high humility atmosphere.Therefore, in the wherein cell of fuel cell No.8 of Figure 19 is configured in placement in the cell of fuel cell topmost, think that the discharge capacity of cell of fuel cell No.8 reduces to cause overflow.
[00238] compare with it, in the placement of Figure 20, battery No.8 is configured in the orlop, thinks that therefore outer peripheral humidity does not increase and do not cause overflow.
[00239] next, Figure 22 shows and is driving the voltage behavior of cell of fuel cell No.8 under the situation of battery pile and driving the voltage behavior of cell of fuel cell No.1 under the situation of battery pile with being configured to the cell of fuel cell No.1 of cell of fuel cell topmost with being configured to the cell of fuel cell No.8 of cell of fuel cell topmost.
[00240] promptly, compared at cell of fuel cell No.1 and No.8 and be configured in the behavior that most probable causes cell of fuel cell No.1 and No.8 under the situation in the topmost of overflow.
[00241] result is because by using cell of fuel cell No.8 to greatly reduce characteristic as the overflow that the top cell of fuel cell causes.Yet No.8 compares with cell of fuel cell, does not observe the big reduction of voltage in cell of fuel cell No.1.Think that its principal element is the temperature of each cell of fuel cell during driving.
[00242] Figure 23 shows the result who obtains by the temperature that is determined at oxidant electrode (negative electrode) collector of each cell of fuel cell during the constant current driven.
[00243] collector of each cell of fuel cell not only serves as fuel electrode (anode) collector but also serve as oxidant electrode (negative electrode) collector, and the situation that the fuel electrode of cell of fuel cell No.8 (anode) collector serves as oxidant electrode (negative electrode) collector of cell of fuel cell No.7 also is like this.
[00244] by generating water in the generating of oxidant electrode (negative electrode) side, therefore, decision overflow of the temperature of oxidant electrode (negative electrode) side and the appearance that parches.
[00245] therefore, when measuring temperature, for example, the collector that had not only served as fuel electrode (anode) collector of cell of fuel cell No.8 but also served as oxidant electrode (negative electrode) collector of cell of fuel cell No.7 is considered to oxidant electrode (negative electrode) collector of cell of fuel cell No.7.
[00246] in addition, the fuel electrode of cell of fuel cell No.1 (anode) does not serve as the oxidant electrode (negative electrode) of any fuel battery unit, so the fuel electrode of cell of fuel cell No.1 (anode) is considered to the fuel electrode (anode) of cell of fuel cell No.1.Temperature raises towards the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at central portion, and temperature reduces towards the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at two ends.
[00247] in addition, Temperature Distribution is about center fuel battery unit substantial symmetry.
[00248] thus its reason is heat that accumulation in the center fuel battery unit increases its temperature, thereby and the end cell of fuel cell may discharge heat and reduces its temperature.At this, if compare the temperature of oxidant electrode (negative electrode) collector of cell of fuel cell No.1 and 8 (they are end cell of fuel cell), the temperature of the oxidant electrode of cell of fuel cell No.1 (negative electrode) collector is higher as can be seen.
[00249] its reason is that the oxidant electrode (negative electrode) of cell of fuel cell No.8 is configured in the end of battery pile and heat and discharges and be accelerated; On the other hand, the oxidant electrode of cell of fuel cell No.1 (negative electrode) is configured in the inboard, inserts the fuel electrode (anode) of cell of fuel cell No.1 simultaneously with respect to the outside, and heat release is suppressed.
[00250] therefore, even when cell of fuel cell is configured in the end, the also higher and overflow of the temperature of oxidant electrode among the cell of fuel cell No.1 (negative electrode) collector can not take place therein.
[00251] therefore, even under the wherein cell of fuel cell No.1 of Figure 20 is configured in laying method situation in the topmost, do not observe the big reduction of the characteristic that causes by overflow yet.
[00252] in addition, the Temperature Distribution of all cell of fuel cell becomes the highest in the cell of fuel cell No.4 as the center fuel battery unit, in cell of fuel cell No.8, become minimum, and Temperature Distribution is that 49.4 ℃-74.8 ℃ and temperature difference are 25 ℃ as the end cell of fuel cell.
[00253] even there is such Temperature Distribution, but use the laying method that wherein cell of fuel cell No.1 is configured in as described in about Figure 20 in the cell of fuel cell of the top after each cell of fuel cell drives 90 minutes, the voltage distribution to be set at 0.632V-0.66V by driving, therefore can provide the fuel cell pack that can carry out stabilized driving.
[00254] (embodiment 2)
[00255] in this embodiment, the part that extends to its outside hygroscopicity fibre of cell of fuel cell No.8 is contacted with end plate with collector, this cell of fuel cell No.8 is the top cell of fuel cell of the battery pile among the embodiment 1.
[00256] as shown in Example 1, driving under the situation of battery pile with the cell of fuel cell No.8 that is configured in the topmost, the humidity in around the cell of fuel cell No.8 increases, and the transpiration of hygroscopicity fibre and discharge capacity reduce.As a result, voltage reduces widely owing to overflow.
[00257] in this embodiment, cell of fuel cell No.8 extends to the heat that its outside hygroscopicity fibre is supplied to collector and end plate, and rising and discharging also is accelerated thus even in the atmosphere of high humility, and overflow is inhibited.
[00258] although member of formation of battery pile, size etc. is identical with among the embodiment 1 those, but only in the collocation method of the hygroscopicity fibre of cell of fuel cell No.8, make that extended as shown in Figure 14 part contacts with end plate with collector in the embodiment 6.
[00259] in calm atmosphere, under the appreciation condition under the relative humidity of 25 ℃ temperature and 50%, carries out 400mA/cm by inflow naturally not using flowing of air blast 2The constant current of current density measure.
[00260] placement direction of battery pile is configured in the topmost through being arranged so that cell of fuel cell No.8, and chilling temperature is 35 ℃.
[00261] with the comparison among the cell of fuel cell No.8 among the embodiment 2 (be wherein the uppermost cell of fuel cell that takes place of overflow most probable) and the embodiment 1.As a result, in embodiment 1, voltage is because overflow reduces widely and comparing reduction 0.341V with ceiling voltage from the voltage that drives after beginning 90 minutes.
[00262] compare with it, it is 0.183V that the voltage among the embodiment 2 descends.
[00263] its reason is the heat that hygroscopicity fibre is supplied to battery pile, though thus in the atmosphere of high humility rising ability and discharge capacity also be improved, and overflow is suppressed.
[00264] therefore, the voltage of entire cell heap descends and also be reduced to 0.723V in embodiment 2, and voltage decline is 0.873V among the embodiment 1.
[00265] though described the present invention with reference to exemplary, should understand and the invention is not restricted to disclosed exemplary.The scope of following claims should give with the wideest explanation to contain these all changes and equivalent configurations and function.

Claims (10)

1. fuel cell pack, it comprises a plurality of cell of fuel cell that pile up, each in this cell of fuel cell comprises: the membrane electrode assembly that wherein fuel electrode and oxidant electrode is configured in the polymer dielectric film both sides; The oxidant stream forms member, it is configured in the oxidant electrode side of this membrane electrode assembly and comprises the opening of supplying with oxidant through it; And dividing plate, it is configured the surperficial facing surfaces contact that contacts with this oxidant electrode that forms member with this oxidant stream, constitute wherein that at least one comprises the suction member in a plurality of cell of fuel cell of this fuel cell pack, this suction member forms in the part that member and this dividing plate contact with each other at this oxidant stream has the surface that is exposed to atmosphere, and wherein constitutes the area that is exposed to atmosphere of the suction member that the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of the suction member of the cell of fuel cell that temperature becomes relatively low in a plurality of cell of fuel cell of this fuel cell pack becomes higher relatively cell of fuel cell greater than temperature.
2. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, the cell of fuel cell that is positioned at two ends that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack has the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere than the bigger suction member of cell of fuel cell on the inboard that constitutes this fuel cell pack.
3. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, the area difference that wherein is exposed to the surface of atmosphere forms the area difference of the outside part of giving prominence to of opening of member from this oxidant stream corresponding to the two ends of this suction member.
4. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, the area difference that wherein is exposed to the surface of atmosphere forms area difference that member be exposed to the part of atmosphere from the two ends of this suction member with oxidant stream the part that this dividing plate contacts corresponding to, the two ends of this suction member.
5. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, the most inboard cell of fuel cell that is positioned at that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack is the cell of fuel cell that this suction member wherein is provided in the inboard that this oxidant stream forms the two ends of member open side.
6. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, the most inboard cell of fuel cell that wherein constitutes this fuel cell pack are the cell of fuel cell that this suction member wherein is not provided.
7. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, wherein this oxidant stream formation member is formed by metal foam.
8. fuel cell pack according to claim 1, wherein this suction member is formed by fiber, this fiber has and is equal to or greater than 80% the index of aridity, this index of aridity be in the water that in the atmosphere of the relative humidity of 25 ℃ temperature and 50%, is absorbed by this suction member in one hour the ratio of rising water, and when the end of this fiber is under water this fiber in 10 seconds, have be equal to or greater than 40mm the water suction highly.
9. fuel cell pack according to claim 1 wherein is configured in suction member in the cell of fuel cell in the topmost and is exposed to the outside of this cell of fuel cell and contacts with heap member of formation that temperature becomes higher than external temperature on gravity direction.
10. fuel cell pack, it comprises a plurality of cell of fuel cell that pile up, each in this cell of fuel cell comprises: the membrane electrode assembly that wherein fuel electrode and oxidant electrode is configured in the both sides of polymer dielectric film; The oxidant stream forms member, it is configured in the oxidant electrode side of this membrane electrode assembly and comprises the opening of supplying with oxidant through it; And dividing plate, it is configured the surperficial facing surfaces contact that contacts with oxidant electrode that forms member with this oxidant stream, constitute wherein that at least one comprises the suction member in a plurality of cell of fuel cell of this fuel cell pack, this suction member this oxidant stream therein forms in the part that member and this dividing plate contact with each other and has the surface that is exposed to atmosphere, and the cell of fuel cell that wherein is positioned at the two ends of a plurality of cell of fuel cell that constitute this fuel cell pack has the surface area that is exposed to atmosphere of the suction member bigger than the cell of fuel cell of the inboard that is positioned at a plurality of cell of fuel cell that constitute this fuel cell pack.
CN2009101274309A 2008-03-11 2009-03-11 Fuel cell stack Expired - Fee Related CN101533923B (en)

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