CN101532134A - Method for enhancing surface of magnesium aluminium alloy by laser remelting - Google Patents
Method for enhancing surface of magnesium aluminium alloy by laser remelting Download PDFInfo
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- CN101532134A CN101532134A CN200910074232A CN200910074232A CN101532134A CN 101532134 A CN101532134 A CN 101532134A CN 200910074232 A CN200910074232 A CN 200910074232A CN 200910074232 A CN200910074232 A CN 200910074232A CN 101532134 A CN101532134 A CN 101532134A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for enhancing the surface of magnesium aluminium alloy by laser remelting, aiming at enhancement processing of the surfaces of magnesium aluminium alloy plates and magnesium aluminium alloy rods by the methods of flame spraying of alloyed powder and laser remelting. The method is characterized by cleansing the surface of the magnesium aluminium alloy, carrying out oxy-acetylene flame spraying on the alloyed powder, namely aluminium nickel alloy powder, nickel-chromium-boron-silicon-iron master alloy powder and neodymium powder, carrying out remelting and curing on the surface of the magnesium aluminium alloy on a laser processor, carrying out omnibearing radiation by laser beams according to trace curves set by computer programs so that a nickel base alloy layer is melted and cured on the surface of the magnesium aluminium alloy to form the alloy layer, therefore, the hardness of the surface of magnesium aluminium alloy is greatly improved by 8-10 times as high as that before processing, the wearing resistance and corrosion resistance of the surface of magnesium aluminium alloy are greatly improved respectively by 56% and 56.4%. The method has short process flow, easy realization, safety, stability and reliability and firm solid melting layer, is not easy to fall off and can enhance the surfaces of the magnesium aluminium alloys with various profiles.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of laser remolten Enhancement Method of surface of magnesium aluminium alloy, belong to the technical field of non-ferrous metal alloy surface metallization, laser remolten, raising intensity.
Background technology
In non-ferrous metal alloy, magnesium alloy is one of the lightest alloy, light specific gravity, and density is low, specific tenacity and specific rigidity height, heat-conductivity conducting is good, has good damping shock absorption and capability of electromagnetic shielding, is easy to die cast, cutting ability is good, be easy to recycling, be used widely in aerospace, electron device, instrument, Communication Equipment, computer, machinery manufacturing industry, magnesium alloy is one of alloy of tool development prospect and application potential.
Though magnesium alloy has lot of advantages, but because proportion is low, intensity is low, poor chemical stability, surface abrasion resistance, corrosion-resistant, its surface hardness, intensity, toughness are all very low, make Application of Magnesium be subjected to very big limitation, so must handle the surface of magnesium alloy, improve surface strength, wear resistance, solidity to corrosion, just can be more widely used.
At present, the method that is used to improve the Mg alloy surface performance also has various ways, for example alloyingization, vapour deposition coating, coating facture, chemical surface treatment method, mechanical surface treatment method etc. are expanded in ion implantation, surface, though certain effect is arranged, but also there are some drawbacks, all not ideal enough, be still waiting further to inquire into and research.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the present situation of background technology and deficiency, adopt a kind of brand-new Enhancement Method, adopt flame plating, laser remolten method, at magnesium alloy surface spraying aluminium nickel, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium, and carry out laser remolten and solidify, with intensity, wear resistance and the erosion resistance that increases substantially Mg alloy surface, with expansion Application of Magnesium scope.
Technical scheme
The chemical substance material that the present invention uses is: al-ni alloy powder, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder, neodymium powder, oxygen, acetylene gas, argon gas, dehydrated alcohol, magnalium plate, magnalium rod, its value is as follows: with gram, milliliter, centimetre
3, the millimeter be measure unit
Al-ni alloy powder: AlNi 1000g ± 10g
Nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder: NiCrBSiFe 2280g ± 10g
Neodymium powder: Nd 120g ± 1g
Oxygen: O
210000cm
3± 100cm
3
Acetylene gas: C
2H
210000cm
3± 100cm
3
Argon gas: Ar 10000cm
3± 100cm
3
Dehydrated alcohol: C
2H
6O 1000ml ± 10ml
Rectangle magnalium plate: AZ31B MgAl 300 * 200 * 20mm
Cylindrical magnalium rod: AZ31B MgAl φ 100 * 400mm
The flame plating of rectangle magnalium plate surface, laser remolten method are as follows:
(1) selected chemical substance material
To carry out selectedly to the chemical substance material that uses, and carry out precision, control of purity:
Al-ni alloy powder: solid powder 99.99%
Nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder: solid powder 99.95%
Neodymium powder: solid powder 99.9%
Oxygen: gaseous state gas 99.9%
Acetylene gas: gaseous state gas 99.9%
Argon gas: gaseous state gas 99.99%
Dehydrated alcohol: liquid liquid 99.7%
Rectangle magnalium plate: surfaceness R
a0.63-1.25 μ m
(2) surface treatment magnalium plate
1. equating magnalium plate, each limit is vertical;
2. magnalium plate working face carries out the sandblast alligatoring with quartz sand, and surfaceness is R
a2.5-5.0 μ m;
3. clean magnalium plate working face with the soft material dehydrated alcohol;
4. dry at shady and cool place;
(3) ball milling, drying treatment alloy powder
1. grind al-ni alloy powder, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder and neodymium powder respectively with ball mill, and sieve respectively, become fine powder with 200 eye mesh screens, the fine powder particle diameter all≤0.075mm;
2. alloy powder mixes: place stainless steel vessel to mix in the nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder, the neodymium powder that grind, stir, become mixing fine powders;
3. the al-ni alloy powder after will grinding, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium powder mix place the drying baker inner drying respectively, 110 ℃ ± 2 ℃ of drying temperatures, time of drying 240min ± 5min;
(4) at magnalium plate surface spraying al-ni alloy powder, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium powder mix
1. rectangle magnalium plate is placed on the flame plating worktable;
2. spraying seat, hopper, powder feeding controller, spray gun, oxygen cylinder, acetylene cylinder all are in quasi-operating status;
3. spray gun is aimed at magnesium alloy plate, spray gun connects oxygen cylinder, oxygen hose, acetylene cylinder, acetylene hose;
4. al-ni alloy powder is placed in the hopper;
5. open oxygen cylinder, oxygen pressure is 0.8～1.0kgf/cm
2Open acetylene cylinder, acetylene gas pressure is 0.7～0.8kgf/cm
2, effectively powder sending quantity is 30～45g/min;
6. light flame, preheating magnalium plate, preheating temperature is 110 ℃ ± 2 ℃, warm up time 1min;
7. spray the aluminium nickel dam: open hopper switch, powder feeding controller, al-ni alloy powder is sprayed onto magnalium plate surface with oxygen+acetylene air-flow, 280 ℃ ± 2 ℃ of spraying temperatures, coating thickness 0.2mm;
8. spray nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy layer: nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium powder mix is placed in the hopper, open oxygen+acetylene gas bottle, open the powder feeding controller, powder mix is sprayed onto aluminium nickel dam surface with air-flow, becomes alloy layer, and alloy layer thickness is 0.5mm;
9. spraying back naturally cooling solidifies, and is cooled to 20 ℃ ± 3 ℃;
(5) the laser beam flying irradiation melts and sprays admittedly and is coated with powder, surface alloying
1. with on the straight three-dimensional worktable that places the laser machine of the rectangle magnalium plate of spraying, adjust X, Y, Z coordinate distance height, and fixing;
2. adjusting laser beam is positive defocusing amount 20mm;
3. laser apparatus produces laser beam and reaches speculum by grating, vertically reaches condensing lens after the speculum refraction, after laser beam focuses on, and the dusty spray on the perpendicular alignmnet magnalium plate;
4. laser beam back and forth shines molten admittedly to the spraying powdered alloy on the magnalium plate by the geometric locus pointwise by line;
The laser beam irradiation track is pressed the setting of rectangle magnalium plate, become rectangle reciprocating path curve, laser beam begins irradiation from the track starting point earlier, through clockwise track stroke, to final on trajectory, the backhaul cooling, from another track starting point irradiation, to final on trajectory, backhaul is cooled off then, form many dislocation geometric locuses and carry out continuously, geometric locus is the equidistantly clockwise odd number setting of dislocation;
The alloy coat track on laser beam irradiation magnalium plate surface is controlled and is finished by computer program, and program is worked out by G code;
The molten admittedly parameter of laser beam irradiation:
Laser apparatus: CO
2Gas laser
Optical maser wavelength: 10.6 μ m
Laser beam output rating: 3500W
Spot diameter: 3mm
Positive defocusing amount: 20mm
Solid melting temperatur: 1200-1500 ℃ of laser beam irradiation
Sweep velocity: 600mm/min
Sweep time: 45min
Instantaneous molten admittedly time: 0.02s
In the laser beam irradiation scanning process, whole process is carried out argon shield, and the argon gas input speed is 10cm
3/ min;
After solid melting shone in laser beam flying, form alloy layer on magnalium plate surface, that is: aluminium nickel dam+nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe neodymium layer is 0.6mm Gu melt the back alloy layer thickness, surperficial gray;
To carry out alloying reaction in the molten admittedly process of laser beam irradiation, reaction formula is as follows:
(6) laser naturally cools to 20 ℃ ± 3 ℃ after melting admittedly;
(7) after the cooling of magnalium plate, with No. 200 sand papering alloy surfaces, surfaceness is R
a0.63-1.25 μ m;
(8) clean the magnalium plate, 50ml cleans with dehydrated alcohol, dries then;
(9) detect, analyze, characterize
To the magnalium plate alloy layer surface behind the laser remolten carry out pattern, microhardness, wear resistance, erosion resistance is analyzed and characterize;
With the electronics scanning electron microscope surface topography and section bonding surface are carried out observation analysis;
With the microhardness instrument test analysis is carried out on magnalium plate surface and section microhardness;
With wear testing machine wearing test is carried out on magnalium plate surface;
With the electrochemical corrosion test instrument corrosive nature check and analysis are carried out on magnalium plate surface;
Conclusion:
Magnalium plate and alloy layer reach metallurgical binding;
Microhardness: the HV45-50 by matrix is elevated to HV350-400, and surface hardness can improve 8～10 times;
Wear resistance: average friction coefficient drops to 0.257 by 0.578 of matrix, and wear resistance can improve 56%;
Galvanic corrosion: corrosion potential by matrix-1.549V is elevated to-0.675V, erosion resistance improves 56.4%.
Surperficial flame plating, the laser remolten method of the cylindrical magnalium rod of described φ 100 * 400mm are as follows:
(1) the cylindrical magnalium rod of surface treatment, the sandblast alligatoring, surfaceness is R
a2.5-5.0 μ m;
(2) spray aluminium nickel dam, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer on magnalium rod surface with the oxy-acetylene flame spray gun, the spraying of magnalium rod is to carry out under being installed of unit clamp rotated, and the aluminium nickel layer thickness is 0.2mm, and nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer thickness is 0.5mm;
(3) on the laser machine, cylindrical magnalium rod is clipped on the thread jaw chuck, laser beam is advanced from right to left, and it is solid molten by φ 100 * 400mm magnalium rod geometric locus scanning irradiation to be set, and speed is 0.076mm/s, and circumferential speed is 7.2rad/min;
Laser beam irradiation shines clockwise by the lead of screw track, and laser focusing shines cylindrical magnalium rod, and the irradiation spacing is 4mm, lead angle is 4.2 °, the irradiation track begins irradiation by the track starting point, through clockwise track stroke, to final on trajectory, the backhaul cooling, from another track starting point irradiation, to final on trajectory, backhaul is cooled off then, form many geometric locuses and carry out continuously, geometric locus is that equidistantly dislocation is provided with clockwise; Track is controlled and is finished by computer program, and program is worked out by G code.
(4) laser naturally cools to 20 ℃ ± 3 ℃ after melting admittedly;
(5) after the cooling of magnalium rod, with No. 200 sand papering alloy surfaces, surfaceness is R
a0.63-1.25 μ m;
(6) clean the magnalium rod, clean, dry then with dehydrated alcohol;
(7) detection, analysis, sign are identical with rectangle magnalium plate; Surface hardness improves 8-10 doubly, and wear resistance improves 56%, and erosion resistance improves 56.4%.
Described flame plating alloy powder carries out on the spraying worktable, on flame plating worktable 1, magnalium plate 14 is put on the left side, right part is placed spraying seat 2, and spraying seat 2 tops are provided with hopper 6, and hopper 6 tops are provided with powder feeding controller 33, in the hopper 6 is al-ni alloy powder 12, be spraying chamber 11 in the spraying seat 2, spraying chamber 11 left parts connect spray gun 3, nozzle 4, flame ignition device 5, and spraying chamber 11 right parts are communicated with oxygen cylinder 7, acetylene cylinder 9 respectively by oxygen hose 8, acetylene hose 10; Oxygen, acetylene gas enter 11 backs, spraying chamber to be mixed with al-ni alloy powder 12, and enters nozzle 4 ejections by the passage in the spray gun 3, and flame plating is carried out in lighter for ignition 5 igniting simultaneously, and aluminium nickel dam 15 thickness are 0.2mm, spray time 3min; With spraying nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy layer 13 with quadrat method, coating thickness is 0.5mm, and spray time is 7min, then cooling.
Remelting behind the described rectangle magnalium plate spraying alloy layer is carried out on the laser machine, XYZ three-dimensional worktable 17 is set on support 16, positive side at three-dimensional worktable 17 is provided with temperature field measurement instrument 18, zygomorphy at three coordinate tables 17 is provided with temperature sensor 19,20, on three-dimensional worktable 17 tops magnalium plate 14 is installed, magnalium plate 14 tops are aluminium nickel dam 15, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer 13; In three-dimensional worktable 17 upper vertical condensing lens 24 is set, condensing lens 24 tops are provided with laser apparatus 21, laser apparatus 21 gives off laser beam by grating 22, laser beam is aimed at speculum 23, laser beam after speculum 23 reflection vertical transmission to condensing lens 24, the alloy layer 15,13 on the laser beam focus point 25 perpendicular alignmnet magnalium plates 14; Sight glass 26 is set and connects pick up camera 27 at condensing lens 24 right flanks, pick up camera 27 connects computer 28 and transmits shooting information by lead 39; Laser apparatus 21 connects with computer 28 by lead 40; Temperature field measurement instrument 18 is provided with liquid crystal display 35, pilot lamp 36, controller 37, power switch 38; Be provided with tunger tube 31 at magnalium plate 33 upper lateral parts, tunger tube 31 connects argon gas valve 30, argon bottle 29, and the centre is supported by support 32, exports argon gas simultaneously when the alloy layer remelting, carries out omnidistance argon shield.
Beneficial effect
The present invention compares with background technology has tangible advance, it is low according to magnalium plate surface strength, wear resistance, the situation of corrosion-resistant, the flame plating al-ni alloy powder is adopted on magnalium plate surface, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy powder, the method of laser remolten alloy layer strengthens, earlier rectangle and cylindrical magnesium alloy are carried out thermal pretreatment, successively spray aluminium nickel dam and nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer with oxy-acetylene flame on magnalium plate surface then, form alloy layer, carrying out the laser beam irradiation remelting then on the laser machine solidifies, rectangle and axle class magnalium are edited computer track program respectively, make laser beam follow procedure geometric locus on the alloy layer of surface of magnesium aluminium alloy carry out comprehensive irradiation, alloy powder is fused again be solidificated in surface of magnesium aluminium alloy, improved surface of magnesium aluminium alloy hardness, intensity, can improve 8～10 times, wear resistance can improve 56%, erosion resistance can improve 56.4%, this Enhancement Method technical process is short, realize easily, safety and stability is reliable, Gu crucible zone is firm, difficult drop-off can carry out intensive treatment to the magnalium piece surface of multiple shape, is the Enhancement Method of very good surface of magnesium aluminium alloy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a magnalium plate surface Enhancement Method process flow sheet
Fig. 2 is magnalium plate surface flame plating alloy powder state figure
Fig. 3 is the state graph of magnalium plate laser remolten alloy layer
Fig. 4 is the state graph of rectangle magnalium plate laser beam focusing scanning
Fig. 5 is A-A sectional view of Fig. 4
Fig. 6 is the state graph of cylindrical magnalium rod laser beam focusing scanning
Fig. 7 is B-B sectional view of Fig. 6
Fig. 8 is magnalium plate surface spraying remelted alloy layer square section metallographic structure figure
Fig. 9 is magnalium plate alloy layer square section metallographic structure figure
Shown in the figure, list of numerals is as follows:
1, the flame plating worktable, 2, the spraying seat, 3, spray gun, 4, nozzle, 5, the flame ignition device, 6, hopper, 7, oxygen cylinder, 8, oxygen hose, 9, acetylene cylinder, 10, acetylene hose, 11, the spraying chamber, 12, al-ni alloy powder, 13, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy layer, 14, the magnalium plate, 15, the aluminium nickel dam, 16, support, 17, the XYZ worktable, 18, the temperature field measurement instrument, 19, temperature sensor, 20, temperature sensor, 21, laser apparatus, 22, grating, 23, speculum, 24, condensing lens, 25, the laser beam focus point, 26, sight glass, 27, pick up camera, 28, computer, 29, argon bottle, 30, argon gas, 31, tunger tube, 32, support, 33, the powder feeding controller, 34, the magnalium rod, 35, liquid crystal display, 36, pilot lamp, 37, controller, 38, power switch, 39, lead, 40, lead.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Shown in Figure 1, for magnalium plate laser remolten Enhancement Method process flow sheet, carry out set by step, according to the order of sequence operation.
The value of the chemical substance material that this Enhancement Method is used is the specification, surface-area, the alloy layer degree of depth with magnalium plate, magnalium rod and be provided with and determine, with gram, milliliter, centimetre
3, the millimeter be measure unit.
Magnalium plate surfaceness is with R
a2.5-5.0 μ m is advisable, the surface is too smoothless, so that the aluminium nickel powder adheres to curing.
Al-ni alloy powder is based on aluminium, accounts for 90%, and nickel is 10%, and coat-thickness is 0.2mm, to guarantee magnalium plate and the good transition of alloy layer, reaches the excellent metallurgical combination.
Nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy powder accounts for 45% based on nickel, and the neodymium powder of adding 5% makes grain refining, to guarantee the alloy layer surface enough intensity, wear resistance and erosion resistance is arranged, and coat-thickness is 0.5mm, evenly.
The solid molten of magnalium plate surface is most important operation, strictness to carry out, and each technical parameter is wanted strict control.
The alloy layer of rectangle, cylindrical surface of magnesium aluminium alloy is molten admittedly will to carry out respectively, carrying out laser beam irradiation with rectangular path program and axle shape track program respectively, is working stroke clockwise, is the cooling stroke counterclockwise, because of the magnalium fusing point is low, there are enough cooling times.
Laser beam can produce very strong temperature field when focusing on irradiation, monitors its reflow process and temperature field at any time with temperature field measurement instrument, temperature sensor and high speed video camera, and liquid crystal display shows its numerical value and remelting state.
Laser apparatus is the laser beam energy source, guarantee enough Energy values, and speculum, condensing lens are wanted correct position, vertical focusing.
In the laser beam irradiation process, the whole process argon shield, it is sufficient that airshed is wanted.
Shown in Figure 2, be the state graph of flame plating nickel-base alloy powder, it is correct that want flame plating worktable 1 and each position, and operation is carried out in order, lime light fire safety, strict control preheating temperature, powder sending quantity, coating thickness.
Shown in Figure 3, be laser beam remelting state graph, laser support 16, three coordinate tables 7, laser apparatus 21, pick up camera 27, sight glass 26, speculum 23, condensing lens 24, temperature field measurement instrument 18, temperature sensor 19,20, computer 28, argon bottle 29, tunger tube 31, want correct position, flexible operation, data are reasonable.
Shown in Fig. 4,5, be that rectangle magnalium plate laser beam focuses on irradiation track while scan figure, but track starting point slave plate mid-way left and right directions begin, single-channel scanning clockwise, the backhaul cooling, about scanning can prevent distortion.
Shown in Fig. 6,7, be magnalium rod laser beam focusing scanning trajectory diagram, track solidifies by lead of screw laser scanning remelting, the backhaul cooling.
Shown in Figure 8, be magnalium plate spraying remelted alloy layer square section metallurgical states figure, among the figure as can be known: alloy layer and magnalium matrix reach metallurgical binding, alloy layer densification, defectives such as pore-free, crackle.
Shown in Figure 9, be magnalium plate alloy layer nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe neodymium layer square section metallographic structure figure, as can be known, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe neodymium layer tissue is even, grain refining among the figure.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of laser remolten Enhancement Method of surface of magnesium aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that: the chemical substance material of use is: al-ni alloy powder, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder, neodymium powder, oxygen, acetylene gas, argon gas, dehydrated alcohol, magnalium plate, magnalium rod, its value is as follows: with gram, milliliter, centimetre
3, the millimeter be measure unit
Al-ni alloy powder: AlNi 1000g ± 10g
Nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder: NiCrBSiFe 2280g ± 10g
Neodymium powder: Nd 120g ± 1g
Oxygen: O
210000cm
3± 100cm
3
Acetylene gas: C
2H
210000cm
3± 100cm
3
Argon gas: Ar 10000cm
3± 100cm
3
Dehydrated alcohol: C
2H
6O 1000ml ± 10ml
Rectangle magnalium plate: AZ31B MgAl 300 * 200 * 20mm
Cylindrical magnalium rod: AZ31B MgAl φ 100 * 400mm
The flame plating of rectangle magnalium plate surface, laser remolten method are as follows:
(1) selected chemical substance material
To carry out selectedly to the chemical substance material that uses, and carry out precision, control of purity:
Al-ni alloy powder: solid powder 99.99%
Nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder: solid powder 99.95%
Neodymium powder: solid powder 99.9%
Oxygen: gaseous state gas 99.9%
Acetylene gas: gaseous state gas 99.9%
Argon gas: gaseous state gas 99.99%
Dehydrated alcohol: liquid liquid 99.7%
Rectangle magnalium plate: surfaceness R
a0.63-1.25 μ m
(2) surface treatment magnalium plate
1. equating magnalium plate, each limit is vertical;
2. magnalium plate working face carries out the sandblast alligatoring with quartz sand, and surfaceness is R
a2.5-5.0 μ m;
3. clean magnalium plate working face with the soft material dehydrated alcohol;
4. dry at shady and cool place;
(3) ball milling, drying treatment alloy powder
1. grind al-ni alloy powder, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder and neodymium powder respectively with ball mill, and sieve respectively, become fine powder with 200 eye mesh screens, the fine powder particle diameter all≤0.075mm;
2. alloy powder mixes: place stainless steel vessel to mix in the nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe alloy powder, the neodymium powder that grind, stir, become mixing fine powders;
3. the al-ni alloy powder after will grinding and nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium powder mix place the drying baker inner drying respectively, 110 ℃ ± 2 ℃ of drying temperatures, time of drying 240min ± 5min;
(4) at magnalium plate surface spraying al-ni alloy powder, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium powder mix
1. rectangle magnalium plate is placed on the flame plating worktable;
2. spraying seat, hopper, powder feeding controller, spray gun, oxygen cylinder, acetylene cylinder all are in quasi-operating status;
3. spray gun is aimed at magnesium alloy plate, spray gun connects oxygen cylinder, oxygen hose, acetylene cylinder, acetylene hose;
4. al-ni alloy powder is placed in the hopper;
5. open oxygen cylinder, oxygen pressure is 0.8～1.0kgf/cm
2Open acetylene cylinder, acetylene gas pressure is 0.7～0.8kgf/cm
2, effectively powder sending quantity is 30～45g/min;
6. light flame, preheating magnalium plate, preheating temperature is 110 ℃ ± 2 ℃, warm up time 1min;
7. spray the aluminium nickel dam: open hopper switch, powder feeding controller, al-ni alloy powder is sprayed onto magnalium plate surface with oxygen+acetylene air-flow, 280 ℃ ± 2 ℃ of spraying temperatures, coating thickness 0.2mm;
8. spray nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy layer: nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium powder mix is placed in the hopper, open oxygen+acetylene gas bottle, open the powder feeding controller, powder mix is sprayed onto aluminium nickel dam surface with air-flow, becomes alloy layer, and alloy layer thickness is 0.5mm;
9. spraying back naturally cooling solidifies, and is cooled to 20 ℃ ± 3 ℃;
(5) the laser beam flying irradiation melts and sprays admittedly and is coated with powder, surface alloying
1. with on the straight three-dimensional worktable that places the laser machine of the rectangle magnalium plate of spraying, adjust X, Y, Z coordinate distance height, and fixing;
2. adjusting the positive defocusing amount of laser beam is 20mm;
3. laser apparatus produces laser beam and reaches speculum by grating, vertically reaches condensing lens after the speculum refraction, after laser beam focuses on, and the dusty spray on the perpendicular alignmnet magnalium plate;
4. laser beam back and forth shines molten admittedly to the spraying powdered alloy on the magnalium plate by the geometric locus pointwise by line;
The laser beam irradiation track is pressed the setting of rectangle magnalium plate, become rectangle reciprocating path curve, laser beam begins irradiation from the track starting point earlier, through clockwise track stroke, to final on trajectory, the backhaul cooling, from another track starting point irradiation, to final on trajectory, backhaul is cooled off then, form many dislocation geometric locuses and carry out continuously, geometric locus is the equidistantly clockwise odd number setting of dislocation;
The alloy coat track on laser beam irradiation magnalium plate surface is controlled and is finished by computer program, and program is worked out by G code;
The molten admittedly parameter of laser beam irradiation:
Laser apparatus: CO
2Gas laser
Optical maser wavelength: 10.6 μ m
Laser beam output rating: 3500W
Spot diameter: 3mm
Positive defocusing amount: 20mm
Solid melting temperatur: 1200-1500 ℃ of laser beam irradiation
Sweep velocity: 600mm/min
Sweep time: 45min
Instantaneous molten admittedly time: 0.02s
In the laser beam irradiation scanning process, whole process is carried out argon shield, and the argon gas input speed is 10cm
3/ min;
After solid melting shone in laser beam flying, form alloy layer on magnalium plate surface, that is: aluminium nickel dam+nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe neodymium layer is 0.6mm Gu melt the back alloy layer thickness, surperficial gray;
To carry out alloying reaction in the molten admittedly process of laser beam irradiation, reaction formula is as follows:
(6) laser naturally cools to 20 ℃ ± 3 ℃ after melting admittedly;
(7) after the cooling of magnalium plate, with No. 200 sand papering alloy surfaces, surfaceness is R
a0.63-1.25 μ m;
(8) clean the magnalium plate, 50ml cleans with dehydrated alcohol, dries then;
(9) detect, analyze, characterize
To the magnalium plate alloy layer surface behind the laser remolten carry out pattern, microhardness, wear resistance, erosion resistance is analyzed and characterize;
With the electronics scanning electron microscope surface topography and section bonding surface are carried out observation analysis;
With the microhardness instrument test analysis is carried out on magnalium plate surface and section microhardness;
With wear testing machine wearing test is carried out on magnalium plate surface;
With the electrochemical corrosion test instrument corrosive nature check and analysis are carried out on magnalium plate surface;
Conclusion:
Magnalium plate and alloy layer reach metallurgical binding;
Microhardness: the HV45-50 by matrix is elevated to HV350-400, and surface hardness can improve 8～10 times;
Wear resistance: average friction coefficient drops to 0.257 by 0.578 of matrix, and wear resistance can improve 56%;
Galvanic corrosion: corrosion potential by matrix-1.549V is elevated to-0.675V, erosion resistance improves 56.4%.
2, the laser remolten Enhancement Method of a kind of surface of magnesium aluminium alloy according to claim 1 is characterized in that: surperficial flame plating, the laser remolten method of the cylindrical magnalium rod of described φ 100 * 400mm are as follows:
(1) the cylindrical magnalium rod of surface treatment, the sandblast alligatoring, surfaceness is R
a2.5-5.0 μ m;
(2) spray aluminium nickel dam, nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer on magnalium rod surface with the oxy-acetylene flame spray gun, the spraying of magnalium rod is to carry out under being installed of unit clamp rotated, and the aluminium nickel layer thickness is 0.2mm, and nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer thickness is 0.5mm;
(3) on the laser machine, cylindrical magnalium rod is clipped on the thread jaw chuck, laser beam is advanced from right to left, and it is solid molten by φ 100 * 400mm magnalium rod geometric locus scanning irradiation to be set, and speed is 0.076mm/s, and circumferential speed is 7.2rad/min;
Laser beam irradiation shines clockwise by the lead of screw track, and laser focusing shines cylindrical magnalium rod, and the irradiation spacing is 4mm, lead angle is 4.2 °, the irradiation track begins irradiation by the track starting point, through clockwise track stroke, to final on trajectory, the backhaul cooling, from another track starting point irradiation, to final on trajectory, backhaul is cooled off then, form many geometric locuses and carry out continuously, geometric locus is that equidistantly dislocation is provided with clockwise; Track is controlled and is finished by computer program, and program is worked out by G code.
(4) laser naturally cools to 20 ℃ ± 3 ℃ after melting admittedly;
(5) after the cooling of magnalium rod, with No. 200 sand papering alloy surfaces, surfaceness is R
a0.63-1.25 μ m;
(6) clean the magnalium rod, clean, dry then with dehydrated alcohol;
(7) detection, analysis, sign are identical with rectangle magnalium plate; Surface hardness improves 8-10 doubly, and wear resistance improves 56%, and erosion resistance improves 56.4%.
3, the laser remolten Enhancement Method of a kind of surface of magnesium aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described flame plating alloy powder carries out on the spraying worktable, on flame plating worktable (1), magnalium plate (14) is put on the left side, right part is placed spraying seat (2), spraying seat (2) top is provided with hopper (6), hopper (6) top is provided with powder feeding controller (33), in the hopper (6) is al-ni alloy powder (12), be spraying chamber (11) in the spraying seat (2), spraying chamber (11) left part connects spray gun (3), nozzle (4), flame ignition device (5), spraying chamber (11) right part is by oxygen hose (8), acetylene hose (10) is communicated with oxygen cylinder (7) respectively, acetylene cylinder (9); Oxygen, acetylene gas enter back, spraying chamber (11) to be mixed with al-ni alloy powder (12), and entering nozzle (4) ejection by the passage in the spray gun (3), flame plating is carried out in lighter for ignition (5) igniting simultaneously, aluminium nickel dam (15) thickness is 0.2mm, spray time 3min; With spraying nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium alloy layer (13) with quadrat method, coating thickness is 0.5mm, spray time 7min, cooling then.
4, the laser remolten Enhancement Method of a kind of surface of magnesium aluminium alloy according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the remelting behind the described rectangle magnalium plate spraying alloy layer is carried out on the laser machine, XYZ three-dimensional worktable (17) is set on support (16), be provided with temperature field measurement instrument (18) in the positive side of three-dimensional worktable (17), zygomorphy at three coordinate tables (17) is provided with temperature sensor (19,20), on three-dimensional worktable (17) top magnalium plate (14) is installed, magnalium plate (14) top is aluminium nickel dam (15), nickel chromium triangle boron-silicon-Fe+neodymium layer (13); In three-dimensional worktable (17) upper vertical condensing lens (24) is set, condensing lens (24) top is provided with laser apparatus (21), laser apparatus (21) gives off laser beam by grating (22), laser beam is aimed at speculum (23), laser beam after speculum (23) reflection vertical transmission to condensing lens (24), the alloy layer on laser beam focus point (25) the perpendicular alignmnet magnalium plate (14) (15,13); Sight glass (26) is set and connects pick up camera (27) at condensing lens (24) right flank, pick up camera (27) connects computer (28) and transmits shooting information by lead (39); Laser apparatus (21) connects with computer (28) by lead (40); Temperature field measurement instrument (18) is provided with liquid crystal display (35), pilot lamp (36), controller (37), power switch (38); Be provided with tunger tube (31) at magnalium plate (33) upper lateral part, tunger tube (31) connects argon gas valve (30), argon bottle (29), and the centre is supported by support (32), exports argon gas simultaneously when the alloy layer remelting, carries out omnidistance argon shield.
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