CN101523000A

CN101523000A - Solar energy harvesting apparatus

Info

Publication number: CN101523000A
Application number: CNA2007800362941A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 基思·米切尔; 塞巴斯蒂安·布拉特
Original assignee: PODS HOLDINGS Pty Ltd B
Current assignee: PODS HOLDINGS Pty Ltd B
Priority date: 2006-09-28
Filing date: 2007-09-28
Publication date: 2009-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2027-09-28
Also published as: CN101523000B; ZA200902742B

Abstract

There is provided solar energy harvesting apparatus (20) including a clear polycarbonate body (21) including a transparent front face (23) and supporting a thermal absorber (27) adapted to absorb incident solar radiation. The thermal absorber (27) transfers heat via a fluid connector (28) to a circulated-fluid system and in addition controls the temperature of a photovoltaic element (24) mounted on the absorber (27) and connected to an electrical harness by electrical connectors (25, 26). The polycarbonate body (21) has complementary edge mating profiles (32, 33) engaging with a standard-tiledroof structure to replace some of the standard tiles thereof, and is secured conventionally to roof battens by a batten screw (29).

Description

Solar collecting device

Background technology

The present invention relates to a kind of solar collecting device, comprise the energy resource system of described device and utilize described device to collect the method for solar energy.A special application of the present invention (but being not limited thereto) is family expenses or industrial roof installing type solar energy collecting system, for ease of explanation, will further describe the present invention with reference to this application.The present invention can be applied to collect in other method and system of solar energy, comprises wall-hanging and ground type " large tracts of land " (broad acre) system.

Prior art

The following example of prior-art devices is a common knowledge, should not think that they are formation parts of this area world knowledge.

At present, there is multiple different solar energy system, comprises being installed in such as the solar energy that obtains the energy that can be converted into other form on the building roofs such as dwelling house, by solar cell so that the solar energy system of hot water or electricity etc. to be provided.

Many roofs installing type solar energy system was all once described in the prior art.Usually, solar module is by being connected to each other each solar cell and battery laminatedly forming for the monolithic solar module interconnected.More specifically, module generally comprises the hard transparent covering layer made by polymer or glass material and the transparent preceding sealant of bonding cladding material and a plurality of interconnected solar cells.Module also have back sealant, the protection module rear surface that can be transparent or any other color hard back cover, overlay module edge the protection seal and cover the aluminum peripheral frame of described seal.When protecgulum was made by glass, described framework played the effect at protection module edge.

Before installation frame, earlier in heat and pressure laminated module.These conditions can make the sealant material layer fusion, are bonded in neighbouring surface, and " encapsulation " solar cell indeed.Because crystal silicon solar energy battery is more crisp usually, therefore when module suffered mechanical stress in the use at the scene, sealant can play the protection solar cell and reduce the effect of breakage.As can be seen, module is the structure of a more complicated from above-mentioned statement.

In another example, United States Patent (USP) 5,986, No. 203 communique discloses a kind of solar cell roof tiles and forming method thereof.This patent has been described the solar cell roof tiles that comprises preceding supporting layer, transparent sealant layer, a plurality of interconnected solar cell and back shell.Wherein preceding supporting layer is formed by the light transferring material, and has first and second surfaces.The transparent sealant layer is positioned near the second surface of preceding supporting layer.Interconnected solar cell has the first surface with the adjacent layout of transparent sealant layer.Back shell has the first surface with the adjacent layout of second surface of interconnected solar cell, wherein part back shell around and contact before supporting layer first table and, thereby form borderline region.

For the amorphous si solar cells module, the polymer frame of the thermoplastic of moulding is widely adopted.Can utilize reaction injection molding to come moulding amorphous silicon module polyurethane framework on every side.The module of making in this way often less (for example 5 watts～10 watts scales) is utilized the aluminium chassis configuration usually and be higher than 50 watts～80 watts module.Because the intensity of the polymer frame with monolithic installing hole that die cost is higher and obtain is limited, so module is tended to miniaturization.

For the crystalline silicon module, the back cover material cost is all very high usually.Two kinds of back shell materials that widely use are arranged, and they all compare expensive.The most frequently used material is

/ polyester/ethylene vinyl acetate laminate, the another kind of back shell material that widely uses is a glass.Usually dispose two additional material layers between solar cell in module and the back cover, this has further improved manufacturing cost.Can provide one with transparent sealant (for example ethylene vinyl acetate, Ethylene VinylAcetate) the back plate that material is identical.

Amorphous silicon module and crystalline silicon module all comprise the junction box that is installed on the shell material of back, and all external electric connect all passes through this junction box realization.

The labor intensive procedures of installed module can significantly increase the total cost of solar electrical energy generation.The installation of module is by realizing on the suitable installing hole that screw, nuts and bolt is assembled to aluminium chassis.Yet solar module often is positioned at the outlying district that does not have other power supply.Therefore, installation process often relates to the position that member is installed in and difficult installation hard, awkward such as rugged country or roof etc.Aforementioned discussion shows that the manufacturing of solar module often cost is too high, and relates to too much work, to such an extent as to can't realize making solar energy to have the target of cost competitive advantage.Prior art has proposed can be as the low-cost solar module of roof tiles.

United States Patent (USP) 6,294, No. 724 communique discloses a kind of solar module and TRT, described device comprises solar cell device, be arranged on described solar cell device the light receiving surface side front assembly and be arranged on the back side assembly of the rear surface side of described solar cell device.Front assembly links to each other with dismountable state with back side assembly.At least front assembly closely contacts with solar cell device, and perhaps front assembly closely contacts with solid layer, and solid layer closely contacts with solar cell device.

In another example of prior art equipment, United States Patent (USP) 6,453, No. 629 communique discloses a kind of roof tiles with optical-electric module that can generate electricity.The roof tiles of carrying out solar power generation is included in the tilt roof tiles main body of arranging and be fixed on optical-electric module on the described main body of roof.The roof tiles main body has slot opening upwards.Optical-electric module stores and is fixed in the groove.The roof tiles main body has the eaves lateral edge portions.This marginal portion has a plurality of rhones.Each rhone all intersects with the top of eaves lateral edge portions, and communicates with groove.The height of the soffit of each rhone is equal to or is lower than the height of groove soffit.Utilize this structure, the rainwater that enters groove can be discharged by rhone.By make rainwater at the upper surface of eaves lateral edge portions along the incline direction of roof tiles to the dirty rainwater of discharging.

The optical-electric module that is used for solar energy is converted into electric energy is known.For example, Japanese kokai publication hei 10-88741 communique, spy open and disclose the technology that a kind of use is installed in this module on the roof tiles (as the roof Material of building) in flat 10-115051 communique and the flat 10-325216 communique of Te Kai.By using adhesive that it directly is bonded in the roof tiles main body and optical-electric module being fixed on the roof tiles main body.Japanese kokai publication hei 11-1999 communique discloses second kind of fixing means: the roof tiles main body has a groove, wherein utilizes adhesive that optical-electric module is bonded in the soffit of groove, and fill with sealant in the slit in optical-electric module and the groove between the perimeter surface.

The problem of this method is, the easy deterioration of adhesive or sealant is especially true under following roof environment for example: be exposed under the sun and temperature raises, perhaps be exposed under the wind and rain.If thereby adhesive or sealant deterioration form the crack, then rainwater or dust can enter slit between roof tiles main body and the optical-electric module by the crack.

Japanese kokai publication hei 10-88741 communique discloses a kind of layout, and wherein optical-electric module is installed in the groove of smooth roof tiles, and is formed with the through hole that communicates with the roof tiles back side at the eaves lateral edges place of smooth roof tiles.

In the disclosed roof tiles of Japanese kokai publication hei 10-115051 communique, optical-electric module is installed in the groove.Make the upper surface of the eaves side part of this roof tiles form upper surface flush with optical-electric module, do not form any step between the two basically.On the left side edge and right hand edge part, the upper surface of roof tiles protrudes from the upper surface of optical-electric module.Description of the Prior Art make the layout of rainwater smooth flow on the roof tiles surface, but what discharge is the rainwater that had entered the roof tiles groove.

The method that existing associating PV solution use be cutting on every side watt to adapt to the PV panel and splash guard be installed, so that install waterproof.This method not only aesthetic property is not enough to some extent, also needs extra work and professional technique, makes cost of labor and material cost all obtain increasing.

Summary of the invention

Unless point out opposite meaning in the context, otherwise word " comprises " and " comprising " part should be considered to nonexcludability.

One aspect of the present invention mainly is a kind of solar collecting device, and described device comprises the main body of supporting the solar energy collecting heat dump, make the build-up member of described main body and matrix engagement and for described heat dump and the functional integrated connector of selecting with the formation solar energy collecting system of other solar collecting device.

Described matrix can be a roof structure etc.For example, main body can be configured to watt combine with the standard of the roof structure of tiling.Select as another kind, also main body can be configured to be fixed on the roof structure etc.Main body also can be attached to the top of existing roof structure.Select as another kind, can substitute to small part roof coating with main body.

Main body can comprise the transparent front around heat dump.Can use transparent Merlon, acrylic resin or tempered glass to form main body, carry out the selection of final material according to durability, transparency/UV stable, anti-ambiguity and impact toughness.For example, Merlon has been proved to be as the transparent roof coating and the elite clone of transparent skylight facility, and its product for example has the corrugated top board, and described top board still keeps transparent and toughness often being exposed under the sun and the boisterous situation.Therefore, preferable material is a Merlon.Because this material has pliability, therefore, when because of going on such as installation personnel when waiting maloperation to make main body suffer extreme load in the middle of the element, the main body of element can form and can make the outstanding but not base plate that ruptures of solar energy component.This will be for the customer save expensive spare part, and can prevent installation personnel from passing the roof coating and fall.The assembling of solar element and main body can (push-in snap-tight) cooperates realization by simple " pushing chucking ".

Can adopt lens and/or speculum to adapt to the variation of angle of sun rays and/or play the effect of concentrator.Can or add on the exterior clear front of main body their combinations.For example, the front can be in conjunction with such as monolithic collective opticses such as prism or biconvex lens parts.They are suitable for vertically arranging along the gradient in used front.When the gradient on roof reaches the desired angle of the concentrator that is used for given latitude, the biconvex lens concentrator is alignd with the constant lenticular unit that intersects at the gradient layout mean that concentrator all is effective most times of one day.Positive can have treated external surface to reduce reflection.Positive inner surface can be a reflective interior surfaces.

Main body can have thermal-arrest surface---the second surface of the exposure of first surface relative with the surface of building and removably engagement and collected light, and they define an inner space together.Main body can comprise along the counterpart profile at first edge with along the corresponding counterpart profile of second opposite edges.Counterpart profile along first edge can be double wedge exterior feature (male profile), can be recessed flank profil (female profile) along the counterpart profile at second edge.

Build-up member can be suitable for attached on the roof tiles.When device during for class watt element form, installation personnel can use and be used for the roof screw that steel and Merlon roof coating install each watt linear element is fixed on roof lath.Merlon of the present invention watt linear element can be gently to 1kg, and these are gently more a lot of than conventional concrete tile.The use of roof screw can provide grappling, prevents that watt linear element from swelling because of the wind of blowing roof surface fast.

Heat dump can be configured to the absorption wide-band solar radiation.That is, heat dump is preferably near the thermodynamics black matrix.Heat dump can comprise absorber plate, and described absorber plate is in conjunction with comprising around the circulate coolant array such as the remote heat exchanger in the hot memories such as hot water cylinder.Preferred restriction system pressure, to reduce the technical requirements to connector etc., for this reason, system is preferably the thermosiphon that turns round with the hot memory of heat dump top.Otherwise, need possess positive discharge capacity system, described positive discharge capacity system preferably turns round under minimum pressure, to reduce the risk of revealing.Yet when certain generation was revealed, water system still was positioned on roof stuffing box packing/damp-proof course, and roof stuffing box packing/damp-proof course is laid on the appropriate location, resists the rainwater of taking wind and coming in order to auxiliary common watt.Can come detection of leaks by monitoring pressure or head space fluid.

Heat dump can be connected such as photoelectric cells such as PV batteries.Heat dump can be suitable for absorbing the solar radiation of incident, and by connector with transfer of heat to the circulation of fluid system be assemblied in photoelectric cell on the heat dump, with the temperature of control photoelectric cell.Photosensitive part that can the selective light electric device and the interface between the heat dump make it come reflected solar radiation to surpass the bandwidth that photoelectric cell absorbs bandwidth at least substantially.

Main body can comprise the transparent front of sealing heat dump and photoelectric cell simultaneously.Select as another kind, the front can be surrounded by photoelectric cell basically.Solar energy collection element can be sealed in the described main body in the mode of surrounding.In order to reduce the waste reflection of thermal cycle pressure and incident sunlight, can reduce the void space of the body interior of sealing device as far as possible.

According to an embodiment, for all types of PV materials (monocrystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous) and their backing materials separately, the void space gap for example can be set to 4mm.

Photoelectric cell can comprise can be with heat dump integrated and any photoelectric cell that can regulate according to temperature thus.For example, photoelectric cell can be selected from the thin-film material that is assemblied on the reflection matrix.Preferably with photoelectric cell closely thermally coupled on heat dump.For example, class watt main body can be supported the polycrystalline PV battery of the 125mm of for example 4 series connection, thereby produces 8 watts～10 watts power under 2.5 volts～7.6 volts.

Heat dump can play the effect of the heat interchanger that is fixed in PV battery back.Its advantage is that the used heat that the PV battery is produced becomes extra heat energy source.Waermeableitung makes battery to work under lower temperature from battery in this way, and battery efficiency is the highest at a lower temperature.The battery manufacturing is exported 25 degrees centigrade～30 degrees centigrade the temperature evaluation power of battery usually.In the reality, because resistance heated and heat absorption, most of batteries are all worked in being higher than a lot of temperature range of this scope, therefore always not with full potential work.The integrated PV battery of heat and heat dump/heat interchanger mean that battery can be in relatively stationary temperature work.Come heats coolant by utilizing useless resistance heat and PV to absorb heat,, can obtain some benefits by reducing the required energy of heating domestic hot water so that heat is sent to for example hot water system.The PV battery improves for the masking effect of heat dump.

Therefore, preferably with photoelectric cell closely thermally coupled in heat dump.The photosensitive part of preferred selective light electric device and the interface between the heat dump make it come reflected solar radiation with the bandwidth that surpasses photoelectric cell absorption bandwidth at least substantially.In this way, light-sensitive material can interact with the reflection photon with abundant energy of the material by incident.

The module character of element provides the selection of using large-scale solar battery technology, for example: polycrystalline or monocrystalline photoelectricity (PV) element; Amorphous PV; Silver battery PV; With chemical dye artificial photosynthesis (dyesol).This has guaranteed that element will be always the user and provide up-to-date sun-generated electric power to select, and comes work for manufacturer provides the platform of easy renewal.

In specific implementations of the present invention, device comprises the detachable watt of linear element that is suitable for cooperating existing watt flank profil, and described watt of linear element forms solar battery array with a class watt element.On behalf of a kind of demountable device that utilizes the solar tile linear element, these embodiments carry out the method for solar electrical energy generation on building surface.Dismountable solar tile linear element can comprise the polycarbonate body that defines the inner space, is equipped with at least one solar cell, heat dump and relevant electricity and water connector in described inner space.

Element can be the coating element with main body, described main body has thermal-arrest surface---the second surface of the upper exposed of first surface relative with building surface and removably engagement and collected light, first surface and second surface define the inner space together, described inner space comprises at least one photoelectric cell, and watt shape annex or coating further comprise along the counterpart profile at first edge with along the corresponding counterpart profile of second opposite edges.The coating element can mesh with adjacent roof tiles, makes the upper surface of coating element link to each other with the roof tiles flank profil.The coating element can have the flank profil that permission matches with corrugated or other coating plate flank profil.

Can be clipped in the light activated assembly of the sun between the relative plate of the Merlon that forms main body.Select as another kind, can be laminated on the surface of polycarbonate plate the light activated assembly of the sun.

Can make up a plurality of solar elements, form the coating that covers existing roof.Except sunlight collector was provided, integrated element can also provide second coating on roof, also need not to make amendment for device new or remodeling.Element can be assemblied on the existing roof simply, and locks mutually with at least one adjacent elements, thereby forms second coating and sunlight collector.Element just be installed in new simply or existing roof structure on, reduced installation cost thus, and allowed the house owner that element for example is installed on the tile roof.

Solar energy collecting system can comprise a plurality of above-mentioned solar collecting devices.Solar energy collecting system can be formed by the solar collecting device that comprises photoelectric cell, wherein connects to comprise electrical connection in parallel.Can element and bunch of cables parallel connection be electrically connected by any suitable method.For example, can be by snap-in electric connector with element electrical connection in parallel.Be connected in parallel and between the described solar collecting device group that is connected in series, carry out.When bunch of cables voltage was selected as being higher than national PV cell voltage, for reducing conductor size and/or the higher voltage stocking system is provided, this method was especially suitable.

Another aspect of the present invention mainly is a kind of solar energy collecting system, and described system comprises the solar element of a plurality of assemblings, and the feature of each described element all is to have the main body of supporting to be suitable for to absorb the heat dump element of incident solar radiation; Be installed in the photoelectric cell on the described heat dump, described heat dump control described photoelectric cell temperature and with heat be sent to the shared circulation of fluid array of the heat dump of other described solar element in; And the photosensitive part of described photoelectric cell and the interface between the heat dump, thereby select described interface to come reflected solar radiation with the basic at least bandwidth that surpasses described photoelectric cell absorption bandwidth.

The circulation of fluid array can comprise by the fluid of any suitable mode from each element and connect.The heat dump that is connected in fluid circulating system has the import connection usually and is connected with outlet.They can be that the fluid of the bimetallic tube from each element to hot side that is connected to the thermosiphon header and cold side is connected.Fluid connects can be by being suitable for piercing through the self sealss puncture connector realization of bimetallic tube.The circulation of fluid system can relate to the use of big heat capacity heat exchanger fluid.Liquid can be any suitable heat exchanger fluid that comprises waterborne liquid, oily liquid or ethylene glycol liquid.

Another aspect of the present invention mainly is, a kind of solar energy collecting system that comprises the solar collecting device of a plurality of assemblings, each heat dump element is sent to the circulating fluid array shared with the heat dump of other solar collecting device by connector with heat.

One side more of the present invention is a kind of solar collecting device, and described device comprises:

The main body of heat dump, the main body support of described heat dump is suitable for absorbing incident solar radiation, by the liquid connector heat is sent to the circulation of fluid system and controls the temperature that is installed in the photoelectric cell on the described heat dump, and described main body comprises the transparent front of sealing described heat dump and photoelectric cell;

Be positioned on the described main body and with through the roof structure engagement of standard tiling complementary edge counterpart profile with some standards of replacing roof structure watt; With

The electric connector that can be connected with wirning harness.

Electrical connection can be by in parallel with bunch of cables such as snapping in simply installed modes such as electric connector.An example of this connector is automatic type two utmost point connector bayonet connectors.The circulation of fluid system can comprise the hot side that is connected to the thermosiphon header and the bimetallic tube of cold side.Be electrically connected to be connected and be integrated in the physical connector with circulation of fluid.Fluid connects can be by being suitable for piercing through the self sealss puncture connector realization of bimetallic tube.Circulation of fluid system and wirning harness can be connected in a plurality of other solar collecting devices separately, thereby form solar energy collecting system.

For embodiments of the present invention, can optimize case material, back veneer material, PV battery reflecting material, sealant refractive index, fluid temperature (F.T.) and flow-control, so that in certain solar energy condition scope, produce the PV electricity output of peak discharge and the total energy (heat and solar energy PV) of peak discharge simultaneously.Can be by following manner optimization catching: use in limit of visible spectrum to the solar energy of radiation, the case material that particularly between the partly red and green portion of spectrum, has excellent transmissison characteristic, use inboard the treated of reflecting material that have to reduce the external surface of reflection, thereby cause the internal reflection of light, described light and then by from the reflection of the solar cell material of matrix.Solar energy PV electric energy is caught and can be optimized by using the reflecting material on thin film technique and the matrix together.It can be that black dull color is optimized by utilizing suitable reagent that the base portion close thermal of battery matrix is bonded on the cooling collar and makes cooling tube that total heat energy is caught.Hot transmission can be optimized to the coolant temperature of the maximizes heat transfer of hot water storage unit to refrigerating medium by selecting to make earlier by battery material again.

Can make the abundant modularization of element according to the needs of client, and technical ability lower personnel in this area can both easily be assembled for energy and hot water.Each element all can be made into sealing unit, and can be connected with two fluid lines with two electrical leads and match.Output voltage according to each element, by utilizing the two-conductor line cable run and using snap-in electric connector at each tie point place, cable run of every row, and be parallel-connected to last cable run of transverter or batter-charghing system successively, described element can be connected in parallel.Connection can be simple " snapping in " formula assembling, and can operate under low-voltage, need not to use the skilled worker who secures permission.

Fluid connect can be electrically connected similar." heat " pipeline and " cold " pipeline can be connected in the bimetallic tube circuit, the latter can be connected in again leads to physical location " heat " pipe and " cold " pipe near the hot fluid header at roof structure top, by them, " heat " pipe is with " cold " pipe and then can lead to hot water storage unit and relevant heat interchanger thereof.By utilizing parallel connection, can select any amount of element to satisfy client's demand and budget, and need not to make the electricity and fluid design complicated.

Can and be electrically connected fully integratedly with element and coolant fluid, described coolant fluid and being electrically connected by design and shell/PV battery/matrix/cooling collar of producing to complete single unit fully seals, and be the longest the strongest with reliability to guarantee application life.Internal works (PV battery and coolant jackets) can be surrounded fully by shell, and as previously mentioned, shell can be that end face is transparent, but bottom and nonessential transparent.Have only two electrical leads and fluid hose to protrude in outside the housing.Can fully seal in process of production, enter and prevent the element damage that meets accident at the scene to prevent moisture.

After the assembling, need the electrician to connect transverter and grid connection.

The Merlon element can cut into the shape of ridge and roof drainage groove, so that cover modern roof construction more.Select as another kind, can use element that integrated skylight array is provided.

Embodiments of the present invention can make element be suitable for having the multiple roof design of the roof tiles flank profil (comprising concrete tile) of variety classes or brand.The variation of vertical watt of lath specification and horizontal lapping causes " layout gradual change ", and when it meaned in being inserted into existing layout, the bigger panel that is formed by the element that may cover some watts space can can't align because of accumulated error.This unjustified phenomenon also can occur because of the Light Difference that exists in the different manufacturers of identical concrete tile flank profil batch, make the demoulding that each panel can tailor-made complexity arrange in the situation of (snap-offarrangement) that this makes and is difficult to obtain general solution not utilizing.For each flank profil, the height of crossover and following crossover is also inequality on above watt lath, also can not form correct cooperation when different flank profils is laid side by side.

Embodiments of the present invention can reduce the labour cost that solar energy equipment is installed.Embodiments of the present invention can be provided for being assembled to the detachable components on the roof tiles, and described detachable components can seamlessly be assembled on the existing watt profile geometry.

The present invention can provide following solar cell device to embodiment, described element extremely meet will assemble this element watt size, if and revised without this element then the accumulated error that may produce by level and vertical last crossover, provide thus closely to cooperate, make element can accurately satisfy the layout of existing roof tiles.

Description of drawings

To and the present invention be described in more detail with reference to the following drawings according to preferred but nonrestrictive embodiment below, wherein:

What Fig. 1 showed is the schematic layout of utilization according to the typical solar energy equipment of the solar cell device array of an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2 shows is exploded view according to the solar element assembly of an embodiment;

The bottom exploded view of the solar element assembly shown in Figure 2 that Fig. 3 shows;

Fig. 4 is the sectional drawing of typical black box of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the electrical connection of solar array of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram that the circulation of fluid of solar array of the present invention connects; With

Fig. 7 is the sectional drawing that is used for the typical fluid connection polymer pipe of array shown in Figure 6.

The specific embodiment

Layout shown in Figure 1 comprises the dwelling house 1 with roof 2, and roof 2 has the array 3 of position PV/ heat solar cell device thereon, and it receives sunshine 4.Shown array 3 in the structure 5 that amplifies, it comprises some set of pieces 6,7,8 and 9.Water source 10 provides the cold water source by inlet duct 12 for heat interchanger 11.Interchanger 11 is sent to

element

6,7,8 and 9 by coolant lines 13 with refrigerating medium.Element 6 and 7 in parallel with element 8 and 9.Coolant lines 13 makes the refrigerating medium Returning heat-exchanger of supercharging, and heat exchanger heats water also is sent to hot water cylinder 15 by pipeline 14 with hot water and uses for house 1.Similar to the known solar energy system that produces hot water by present described system, difference is that

element

6,7,8 and 9 shown in the embodiment is suitable for existing tile roof.

Aspect the energy, house 1 generally provides service by the switch module 17 that comprises conventional instrument and line breaker/main switch assembly by the power network AC network, and described electrical network is by power station 16 symbolic representatives.Yet switch module 17 also has the input from the converter assembly 18 that direct current is converted to alternating current, and converter assembly 18 comprises that the electric current that is produced by PV that is suitable for from

array element

6,7,8 and 9 carries out storage batteries.Converter assembly 18 is configured to by parallel circuit 19 received current under the load voltage of each array element 6,7,8 and 9.Utilize source current that hot water tank 15 is boosted when needed by cable 30.Converter assembly 18 comprises switch element, and this unit will play a role when full and family's demand is less than the output of

array element

6,7,8 and 9 when holder, make the supply voltage alternating current of homophase return electrical network 16 by switch module 17 and power line 31.

Fig. 2 shows is exploded view according to the solar element assembly 20 of a preferred implementation.Solar element 20 comprises the shell 21 with inner surface 22 and external surface 23, and it has defined and has accepted photoelectric cell 24 and photoelectric cell 24 is remained in wherein inner space.Battery 24 comprises direct current connecting

line

25 and 26, and they provide connecting circuit for solar element 20.Assembly 20 further comprises polymer heat exchange container 27 and polymer pipe 28.Described assembly has makes it can be attached to side flank profil 32,33 in the roof structure, and by single lath screw 29, each element can be fixed on the roof lath.What Fig. 3 represented is bottom view or the inverted view with Fig. 2 of corresponding numbering.

What Fig. 4 showed is typical seal member of the present invention, and wherein polycarbonate body comprises back 61, sidewall sections 62 and the front portion 63 that forms seal cavity.In described seal cavity, exist on it closely thermally coupled to have the heat dump 64 of PV battery 65, PV battery 65 to comprise n type layer, p type layer and bed course (for having exaggerated ratio for the purpose of clear).The inner face 66 of front portion 63 is by coating and than the tool reflectivity.The external surface of front portion 63 has the monolithic prism concentrator 67 with its formation.Void space around the battery 65 has filled up transparent encapsulant 68.

What Fig. 5 showed is that the power supply that comprises the solar energy system of a plurality of classes watt solar element 70 connects, and each class watt solar element 70 all has twin-core and is electrically connected drop wire 71, and its terminal is connected with two extremely snap-in connectors 72.Roof lath is supported the two-core cable 73 of " 8 font ", and it is suitable for the insulating puncturing element engagement by snap-in connector 72.Another connector 74 is connected to each lath cable 73 on 76 places and trunk cable 75 that batteries to store energy device and/or transverter link to each other.

Fig. 6 shows is that the circulation of fluid of solar energy system connects, and wherein each class watt solar element 70 all has the afterbody pairing together and be connected to the hot hole of bimetallic tube manifolding 81 of heat resistant plastice and the hot coolant conduit 77 and the cold-coolant conduit 80 in cold hole.The puncture terminal certainly that connects by 77 and 80 afterbodys realizes.Cycle through thermosiphon turnover header tank 82.Header tank 82 is by the long-range hot water tank of heat exchanging pipe 83 heating.Illustrate bimetallic tube manifolding 81 in the sectional drawing of Fig. 7, the part on the plane 84 that wherein having punctures thereon connects can be a sealing mat, and square opening 85 should guarantee to have consistent wall thickness.Puncture connects and comprises the fixedly lug (retaining lug) of plane, back to keep connecting that is suitable for catching on the bimetallic tube manifolding.

It will be recognized by those skilled in the art, can the present invention who describe synoptically at this be changed in a large number and revise, and do not depart from described herein and main idea of the present invention and scope the claims defined.

Claims

1. solar collecting device, described device comprise the main body of supporting the solar energy collecting heat dump, make the build-up member of described main body and matrix engagement and for described heat dump and the functional integrated connector of selecting with the formation solar energy collecting system of other solar collecting device.

2. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described matrix is a roof structure.

3. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described main body is configured to watt be combined as a whole with the standard of the roof structure of tiling.

4. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 2, wherein, described main body substitutes to small part roof coating.

5. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described main body comprises the transparent front around described heat dump.

6. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described transparent front comprises the monolithic collective optics.

7. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 6, wherein, described monolithic collective optics comprises prism or the biconvex lens part that is suitable for along the vertical layout of gradient in used described front.

8. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described front has treated to reduce external surface and/or reflexive inner surface of reflection.

9. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described main body has thermal-arrest surface---the second surface of the exposure of first surface relative with the surface of building and removably engagement and collected light, and described first surface and second surface define the inner space together.

10. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described main body comprises along the counterpart profile at first edge with along the corresponding counterpart profile of second opposite edges.

11. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 10 wherein, is the double wedge exterior feature along the described counterpart profile at first edge, is recessed flank profil along the described counterpart profile at second edge.

12. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 11, wherein, described counterpart profile is a standard room roof tiles counterpart profile.

13. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heat dump is configured to the absorption wide-band solar radiation.

14. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 13, wherein, described heat dump comprises absorber plate, and described absorber plate is in conjunction with the circulate coolant array that comprises around the remote heat exchanger in the hot memory.

15. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described heat dump is associated with photoelectric cell.

16. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described heat dump is suitable for absorbing the solar radiation of incident, and by described connector with transfer of heat to the circulation of fluid system, be assemblied in the temperature that described photoelectric cell on the described heat dump can be controlled described photoelectric cell.

17. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, wherein, the photosensitive part of described photoelectric cell and the interface between the described heat dump are selected as coming reflected solar radiation with the basic at least bandwidth that surpasses described light-sensitive element absorption bandwidth.

18. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described main body comprises the transparent front of sealing described heat dump and photoelectric cell simultaneously.

19. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 18, wherein, described solar energy collection element is sealed in the described main body in the mode of surrounding.

20. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 19, wherein, the void space of described body interior is minimized.

21. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described photoelectric cell closely thermally coupled in described heat dump.

22. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described photoelectric cell is selected from polycrystalline or monocrystalline photoelectricity (PV) element; Amorphous PV element; Silver battery PV element; With chemical dye artificial photosynthesis (dyesol) element.

23. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, described device comprises the detachable watt of linear element that can form solar battery array with class watt element, described detachable solar tile linear element comprises the polycarbonate body that defines the inner space, and at least one solar cell as described photoelectric cell, described heat dump and relevant electric connector and water connector are installed in described inner space.

24. solar collecting device as claimed in claim 15, described device comprises the shop layer elements with main body, described main body has thermal-arrest surface---the second surface of the upper exposed of first surface relative with building surface and removably engagement and collected light, described first surface and second surface define the inner space together, described inner space comprises at least one photoelectric cell, and watt shape annex or coating further comprise along the counterpart profile at first edge with along the corresponding counterpart profile of second opposite edges.

25. solar energy collecting system that comprises the interconnected array of each described device in the claim 1 to 24.

26. solar energy collecting system as claimed in claim 25, wherein, the inlet that each described heat dump all has the hot side that is connected to the fluid circulating system that comprises the thermosiphon header and a cold side is connected with outlet and is connected.

27. solar energy collecting system as claimed in claim 26, wherein, described fluid connects by the self sealss puncture connector that is suitable for piercing through the bimetallic tube that comprises the circulating system to be made.

28. a solar energy collecting system that comprises the solar collecting device of a plurality of assemblings, each heat dump element is sent to the circulation of fluid array shared with the heat dump of other solar collecting device by connector with heat.

29. a solar energy collecting system, described system comprises the solar element of a plurality of assemblings, and the feature of each described element all is to have the main body of supporting to be suitable for to absorb the heat dump element of incident solar radiation; Be installed in the photoelectric cell on the described heat dump, described heat dump is controlled the temperature of described photoelectric cell and heat is sent to the circulation of fluid array shared with the heat dump of other described solar element; And the photosensitive part of described photoelectric cell and the interface between the heat dump, thereby select described interface to come reflected solar radiation with the basic at least bandwidth that surpasses the absorption bandwidth of described light-sensitive element.

30. a solar collecting device, described device comprises:

The main body of heat dump, the main body support of described heat dump is suitable for absorbing incident solar radiation, by fluid connector heat is sent to the circulation of fluid system and controls the temperature that is installed in the photoelectric cell on the described heat dump, and described main body bag is sealed the transparent front around described heat dump and photoelectric cell;

Be positioned on the described main body and with the complementary edge counterpart profile of standard tile roof structure engages with some standards of replacing described roof structure watt; With

The electric connector that can be connected with wirning harness.

31. solar energy collecting system as claimed in claim 30, wherein, described electrical connection is in parallel with described bunch of cables by snap-in electric connector.

32. solar energy collecting system as claimed in claim 30, wherein, described electrical connection is connected with circulation of fluid and is integrated into a physical connector.