CN101522397B - 超声波焊接装置以及具有超声波焊接装置的包装机 - Google Patents

超声波焊接装置以及具有超声波焊接装置的包装机 Download PDF

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CN101522397B
CN101522397B CN2007800373626A CN200780037362A CN101522397B CN 101522397 B CN101522397 B CN 101522397B CN 2007800373626 A CN2007800373626 A CN 2007800373626A CN 200780037362 A CN200780037362 A CN 200780037362A CN 101522397 B CN101522397 B CN 101522397B
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chopping block
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brazing unit
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CN101522397A (zh
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U·维杜威尔特
H·勒希特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
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    • B29C66/92—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/922—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools
    • B29C66/9231—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the pressure, the force, the mechanical power or the displacement of the joining tools by measuring the displacement of the joining tools
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/96—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process
    • B29C66/961—Measuring or controlling the joining process characterised by the method for implementing the controlling of the joining process involving a feedback loop mechanism, e.g. comparison with a desired value
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
    • B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
    • B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
    • B65B51/225—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding by ultrasonic welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B9/00—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, e.g. liquids or semiliquids, in flat, folded, or tubular webs of flexible sheet material; Subdividing filled flexible tubes to form packages
    • B65B9/10—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs
    • B65B9/20—Enclosing successive articles, or quantities of material, in preformed tubular webs, or in webs formed into tubes around filling nozzles, e.g. extruded tubular webs the webs being formed into tubes in situ around the filling nozzles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/723—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered
    • B29C66/7232—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer
    • B29C66/72321—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being multi-layered comprising a non-plastics layer consisting of metals or their alloys
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种超声波焊接装置，用于焊接薄膜形式的材料，该超声波焊接装置包括一个超声波超声焊极(3)、一个砧板(2)、一个用于调整该超声波超声焊极(3)与该砧板(2)之间的相对位置的调整装置(4)和一个调节装置(8)，该调节装置通过该调整装置(4)调节该超声波超声焊极(3)与该砧板(2)之间的工作间隙(16)的宽度(X)，其中，该砧板(2)可相对于该超声波超声焊极(3)运动地支承在一个支承装置(12)上，其中，该调整装置(4)包括一个与该砧板(2)相连接的第一楔形元件(6)、一个第二楔形元件(7)和一个执行器(5)，其中，该执行器(5)与该第二楔形元件(7)相连接并且该第二楔形元件(7)相对于该第一楔形元件(6)运动，以便实施该砧板(2)相对于该超声波超声焊极(3)的位置变化。

Description

超声波焊接装置以及具有超声波焊接装置的包装机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于焊接薄膜、尤其是用于焊接软管袋的纵向缝和/或横向缝的超声波焊接装置以及一种具有这种超声波焊接装置的包装机。
背景技术
超声波焊接装置已由现有技术公知，尤其是用于焊接塑料薄膜。在此，超声波焊接装置一般包括一个超声波超声焊极和一个砧板，其中，在超声波超声焊极与砧板之间形成一个工作间隙，待焊接的薄膜被引导穿过该工作间隙之间。在此，对于焊接缝的质量决定性的是超声波超声焊极与砧板之间的恒定的工作间隙。由于例如在加工时产生的热量，构件的尺寸可能变化，这可对工作间隙的宽度产生影响。但是过窄的工作间隙一般导致材料加工变差并且可能导致待焊接的薄膜或砧板损坏。如果间隙过宽，则得到不可接受的焊接缝质量。由DE 195 26 354 C1公知了一种超声波焊接装置，该超声波焊接装置为了确定工作间隙宽度而具有一个传感器。在此，超声焊极夹紧在一个保持装置中并且该保持装置可以通过单独的调整装置相对于砧板调整。但是这种公知的装置设计得非常麻烦并且在制造方面昂贵。另外，这种装置需要占用大的位置，由此尤其是在包装机中的使用对于机器造成所需的结构空间大。
发明内容
本发明提出一种用于焊接薄膜形式的材料的超声波焊接装置，该超声波焊接装置包括一个超声波超声焊极、一个砧板、一个用于调整该超声波超声焊极与该砧板之间的相对位置的调整装置和一个调节装置，该调节装置通过该调整装置调节该超声波超声焊极与该砧板之间的工作间隙的宽度，其中，该砧板可相对于该超声波超声焊极运动地支承在一个支承装置上，另外，该超声波焊接装置还包括一个第一距离传感器和一个第二距离传感器，该第一距离传感器位置固定地设置并且确定与该超声波超声焊极的第一距离，该第二距离传感器位置固定地设置并且确定与该砧板的第二距离，其中，该调节装置基于该第一距离和该第二距离计算该工作间隙的宽度。
根据本发明的超声波焊接装置具有优点：该超声波焊接装置可在结构简单和可成本低廉地制造的情况下保证工作间隙的恒定宽度。由此可获得非常好的焊接质量。尤其是借助于根据本发明的超声波焊接装置除了塑料薄膜之外还可以可靠地焊接例如用于包装食品的金属涂层的薄膜。
根据一种优选实施方案，调整装置具有一个与砧板相连接的第一楔形元件和一个与执行器相连接的第二楔形元件。通过第二楔形元件相对于第一楔形元件的相对运动可以实现砧板在间隙宽度的方向上运动，由此可通过调节装置监测地保证工作间隙的恒定宽度。根据本发明的超声波焊接装置在此构造得特别简单且耐用。另外，通过使用两个楔形元件还可以实现非常精确地调节间隙宽度。
优选砧板借助于一个弹性元件被预加载。该弹性元件在此优选是压簧、例如螺旋弹簧。由此尤其是可以保证调整装置的第一楔形元件与第二楔形元件之间无间隙。
另外优选砧板的支承借助于滚动支承装置、尤其是借助于滚珠或滚子来实现。由此提供砧板的简单且容易的可运动性。
为了调节工作间隙的宽度，调节装置优选操作执行器和/或调节超声波超声焊极的电流供给。
优选地，如果该工作间隙的所计算的宽度偏离一个预给定的给定值，则该调节装置操作该执行器和/或调节该超声波超声焊极的发生器的电流供给。
优选在超声波超声焊极上设置有第一测量面，在该第一测量面上第一距离传感器测量第一距离，另外，在砧板上设置有第二测量面，在该第二测量面上第二距离传感器测量第二距离。在此，这两个测量面彼此相对呈预给定的角度设置。由此间接地通过测量超声波超声焊极的位置和砧板的位置来进行工作间隙的宽度的测量。
调整装置的执行器优选是直线执行器。由此，执行器可以构造得非常简单且成本低廉，例如构造成活塞-缸单元。
另外优选第一楔形元件的倾斜平面和第二楔形元件的倾斜平面相对于一个基准平面呈1°至10°、优选3°至7°之间的角度设置。由此可以保证通过仅非常小的行程就可以调节工作间隙宽度的相对大的变化。
此外，本发明还涉及一种包装机，尤其是软管袋机械，该包装机包括一个根据本发明的超声波焊接装置。该超声波焊接装置在此尤其是用于焊接软管袋的纵向缝和/或横向缝。
需要注意的是，根据本发明的超声波焊接装置不仅可以用于焊接相同的材料，而且也可以用于焊接不同的材料，例如用于焊接塑料薄膜和金属涂层的薄膜。
附图说明
下面参照附图描述本发明的优选实施例。附图表示：
图1根据本发明第一实施例的超声波焊接装置的示意侧视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照图1详细描述根据本发明实施例的超声波焊接装置1。
如从图1中可看到的那样，超声波焊接装置1包括一个砧板2和一个超声波超声焊极3。超声波超声焊极3是超声波装置的一部分，该超声波装置包括一个发生器9、一个换能器10和一个变幅杆11。变幅杆11具有用于超声波超声焊极3的增强器的功能。在砧板2与超声波超声焊极3之间设置有一个具有宽度X的工作间隙16。待焊接的薄膜以恒定的速度被引导穿过超声波超声焊极3与砧板2之间并且通过超声波超声焊极3的能量输入而被相互焊接。
另外，超声波焊接装置1还包括调整装置4、调节装置8、第一距离传感器14和第二距离传感器15。如从图1中可看到的那样，调整装置4包括第一楔形元件6、第二楔形元件7以及直线执行器5。第一楔形元件6固定地设置在砧板2上。第二楔形元件7与直线执行器5相连接并且可以通过直线执行器5在一个平面E上如通过图1中的双箭头A所表示的那样往复运动。在此这样设置这两个楔形元件6、7，使得第一楔形元件6的倾斜平面6a靠置在第二楔形元件7的倾斜平面7a上。
两个楔形元件6和7的倾斜平面6a、7a相对于平面E呈角度α设置。角度α优选处于1°至10°之间并且在该实施例中取值为5°。
调节装置8如图1中所示与直线执行器5以及发生器9相连接。另外，调节装置8与第一距离传感器14和第二距离传感器15相连接。两个距离传感器14、15位置固定地设置并且构造成无接触式传感器。第一距离传感器14确定与超声波超声焊极3上的测量面3a的距离X1。第二距离传感器15确定与砧板2的测量面2a的距离X2。在此，超声波超声焊极3的测量面3a相对于砧板2的测量面2a呈角度β设置。角度β优选在30°至60°之间并且在本实施例中取值为45°。
如另外从图1中可看到的那样，砧板2基本上构造成L形。在此，第一楔形元件6设置在砧板的第一腿2b上。第一腿2b在此基本上水平并且形成工作间隙16的限制。砧板2的第二腿2c相对于第一腿垂直地设置。第二腿2c在此支承在垂直的支座12上。支座12包括多个滚子，以便可在垂直方向上实现砧板2在双箭头B的方向上往复运动。另外，在第二腿2c的端部上设置有一个呈螺旋弹簧形式的弹性元件13。弹性元件13在箭头F的方向上施加恒定的压力，以便保证第一楔形元件6以预给定的力压在第二楔形元件7上。由此，第一楔形元件6和第二楔形元件7保持在无间隙的状态中。
根据本发明的超声波焊接装置1的功能在此如下：至少两个待连接的薄膜、尤其是用塑料制成的薄膜以恒定的速度被引导到砧板2与超声波超声焊极3之间的工作间隙16中。通过超声波超声焊极3的能量输入使薄膜相互焊接。如果现在例如由于在工作期间产生的热量而发生构件、例如超声波超声焊极3的长度变化，则工作间隙16变小。但是由热量引起的长度变化对超声波超声焊极3上的测量面3a的位置具有影响。由此，第一距离传感器14可以检测：第一工作传感器14与测量面3a之间的原始的距离X1已经变化。该信息传送给调节装置8。同时第二距离传感器15与砧板2上的测量面2a之间的距离X2也被监测并且一个相应的值被输出给调节装置8。以这两个距离传感器14、15的所测量的值为基础，调节装置8计算工作间隙16的当前的宽度。工作间隙16的该宽度在调节装置8中与用于工作间隙宽度的给定值XS进行比较。
如果计算的工作间隙宽度X与预给定的工作间隙宽度XS之间存在差别，则调节装置8激活直线执行器5。直线执行器5使第二楔形元件7在平面E上这样运动，使得第一楔形元件6在垂直方向上运动，直到工作间隙16的宽度又与预给定的给定值XS一致。直线执行器5的运动方向在此取决于用于工作间隙16的宽度的当前计算的值与给定值XS之间的差的符号。由此进行第二楔形元件7相对于第一楔形元件6的相对移动。因为砧板2固定地与第一楔形元件6相连接并且弹性元件13在基本上垂直的方向上施加压力，所以砧板2立即相对于超声波超声焊极3进行相对运动。由此，工作间隙16的宽度适配于期望的给定值。需要注意的是，在进行工作间隙16的宽度的再调整之前，调节装置8允许例如±1μm的容差范围。调节装置8优选是PI调节器。需要注意的是，作为通过调整装置4来调节工作间隙16的替换方案或者附加于此，调节装置8也可输出信号给发生器9，以便使得用于超声波超声焊极3的发生器9的电流供给变化。由此也可以改变超声波超声焊极3相对于砧板2的相对位置。
根据本发明的超声波焊接装置1优选在包装机中使用。在此优选使用由塑料制成或者由用金属涂层的塑料制成的软管袋。因为根据本发明的超声波焊接装置1非常紧凑并且结构小，所以该超声波焊接装置可以毫无问题地安装在不同的包装机中。根据本发明的超声波焊接装置在此特别耐用，因为该超声波焊接装置由相对简单的构件组成，尤其以便实现砧板2与超声波超声焊极3之间的相对运动。另外，超声波焊接装置1还具有非常高的系统刚度。
因此，根据本发明的超声波焊接装置1具有一个调整装置4，该调整装置通过相对于砧板2的运动方向垂直地实施的、通过倾斜平面相互间的相对运动实现的调整运动来执行砧板2的位置调整。

Claims (11)

1.超声波焊接装置，用于焊接薄膜形式的材料，该超声波焊接装置包括一个超声波超声焊极(3)、一个砧板(2)、一个用于调整该超声波超声焊极(3)与该砧板(2)之间的相对位置的调整装置(4)和一个调节装置(8)，该调节装置通过该调整装置(4)调节该超声波超声焊极(3)与该砧板(2)之间的工作间隙(16)的宽度(X)，其中，该砧板(2)可相对于该超声波超声焊极(3)运动地支承在一个支承装置(12)上，另外，该超声波焊接装置还包括一个第一距离传感器(14)和一个第二距离传感器(15)，该第一距离传感器位置固定地设置并且确定与该超声波超声焊极(3)的第一距离(X1)，该第二距离传感器位置固定地设置并且确定与该砧板(2)的第二距离(X2)，其中，该调节装置(8)基于该第一距离和该第二距离(X1，X2)计算该工作间隙(16)的宽度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该调整装置(4)包括一个与该砧板(2)相连接的第一楔形元件(6)、一个第二楔形元件(7)和一个执行器(5)，其中，该执行器(5)与该第二楔形元件(7)相连接并且该第二楔形元件(7)相对于该第一楔形元件(6)运动，以便实施该砧板(2)相对于该超声波超声焊极(3)的位置变化。
3.根据权利要求1所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该砧板(2)借助于一个弹性元件(13)被预加载。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该砧板(2)的支承装置(12)是滚动支承装置。
5.根据权利要求2所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：如果该工作间隙(16)的所计算的宽度偏离一个预给定的给定值(XS)，则该调节装置(8)操作该执行器(5)和/或调节该超声波超声焊极(3)的发生器的电流供给。
6.根据权利要求1或5所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：在该超声波超声焊极(3)上设置有第一测量面(3a)，在该砧板(2)上设置有第二测量面(2a)，在该第一测量面上该第一距离传感器(14)确定该第一距离(X1)，在该第二测量面上该第二距离传感器(15)确定该第二距离(X2)，其中，该第一测量面(3a)相对于该第二测量面(2a)呈在30°和60°之间的角度(β)设置。
7.根据权利要求2所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该执行器(5)是直线执行器。
8.根据权利要求2、5或7所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该第一楔形元件(6)的倾斜平面(6a)和该第二楔形元件(7)的倾斜平面(7a)相对于一个基准平面(E)呈1°至10°之间的角度(α)设置。
9.根据权利要求1所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该砧板(2)借助于一个压簧被预加载。
10.根据权利要求2、5或7所述的超声波焊接装置，其特征在于：该第一楔形元件(6)的倾斜平面(6a)和该第二楔形元件(7)的倾斜平面(7a)相对于一个基准平面(E)呈3°至7°之间的角度(α)设置。
11.包装机，包括根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的超声波焊接装置(1)。
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