CN101521467B - High-frequency distribution transformer - Google Patents

High-frequency distribution transformer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101521467B
CN101521467B CN 200810162201 CN200810162201A CN101521467B CN 101521467 B CN101521467 B CN 101521467B CN 200810162201 CN200810162201 CN 200810162201 CN 200810162201 A CN200810162201 A CN 200810162201A CN 101521467 B CN101521467 B CN 101521467B
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phase
inverter
inv
distribution transformer
frequency
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CN101521467A (en
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赵荣祥
吕征宇
胡海兵
汪槱生
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/10Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-frequency distribution transformer, which comprises a three-phase voltage high-frequency modulation circuit, high-frequency phase-shifting transformer, a multi-pulse rectifying circuit, and an inverter output module, wherein each phase of bridge arm of the three-phase voltage high-frequency modulation circuit comprises n serially-connected single-phase rectifying modules and inverter modules of which the number is m times of that of the single-phase rectifying modules. Output voltage of the high-frequency distribution transformer can be adjusted by adjusting the duty cycle of the inverter modules in three-phase voltage high-frequency modulation circuit; the operation of the high-frequency phase-shifting transformer in a high-frequency modulation mode can effectively reduce the volume and weight of the whole distribution transformer; and the distribution transformer can solve the flow equalization problem of the multi-pulse rectifying circuit, allows a power factor on the line side to be close to 1 and substantially eliminates the current harmonics on the line side. The high-frequency distribution transformer is applicable to the prior power frequency power distribution system and multiphase power distribution system as well as high-frequency power distribution system such as 400Hz ship power distribution system.

Description

A kind of high-frequency distribution transformer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of high-frequency distribution transformer, belong to electric and electronic power converter technique field.
Background technology
Present distribution transformer high-pressure side is three-phase 10kV input mostly, and low-pressure side is the output of 380V/220V low pressure three-phase four-wire system.This type distribution transformer has four shortcomings: the power factor of (1) low-pressure side (being load-side) directly influences the high-pressure side, and the load that power factor is low excessively necessarily requires to carry out power factor compensation; (2) harmonic wave of load-side all flows into electrical network, can cause many harm, need carry out harmonic compensation; (3) factors such as the three-phase imbalance of load-side, overload, short trouble can directly influence the quality of power supply and the power supply reliability of electrical network.(4) this type power frequency distribution transformer is an oil immersed type mostly usually, have volume big, with inherent defects such as material are many, inflammable.
Summary of the invention
In view of above-mentioned; The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of high-frequency distribution transformer; To reduce the volume and weight of distribution transformer, through introducing DC link electrical network and load no longer directly be coupleds simultaneously, be beneficial to realization and net the side power factor and approach 1 and eliminate the current on line side harmonic wave basically.
High-frequency distribution transformer of the present invention is characterized in that comprising three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit, high frequency phase shifting transformer, many arteries and veins rectification circuit and inverter output module; Every phase brachium pontis in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit comprises the MDQ of n series connection; N is a positive integer, and quantity is MDQ m inverter module doubly, and m is a positive integer; M inverter module series connection constitutes a series inverter group, forms n series inverter group altogether; The head end of the MDQ of n series connection of every phase brachium pontis connects high-pressure side three phase network inlet wire, and end links to each other with the three phase network mid point, and the output of each MDQ links to each other with the input of a series inverter group; The quantity of high frequency phase shifting transformer former limit winding and the secondary winding quantity with the series inverter group respectively is identical, and the output of each series inverter group links to each other with each former limit winding of high frequency phase shifting transformer respectively; The three-phase secondary winding of high frequency phase shifting transformer forms three phase windings of i phase shift after star, triangle, complications or extend-triangle connect method, i is a positive integer, and three phase windings of i phase shift link to each other with the input of i many arteries and veins rectification circuit respectively; The output of i many arteries and veins rectification circuit is connected to the input of i inverter output module respectively; The output of i inverter output module connects low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network after parallel connection; Perhaps forming j output after the individual many arteries and veins rectification circuit parallel connection of i links to each other with the input of j inverter output module respectively; J is the positive integer less than i, and the output of j inverter output module connects low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network after parallel connection.
Among the present invention, said MDQ can be four diodes, thyristor or control the full bridge rectifier that device is formed entirely, if adopt thyristor then energy also can feed back to electrical network from load end, becomes the distribution transformer that energy can two-way flow.
Among the present invention, the inverter module in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit can be two level or tri-level single phase full bridge inverter; The quantity of inverter module is generally 1,2 or 3 times of MDQ.
Among the present invention, said high frequency phase shifting transformer can be a three-phase transformer, also can be made up of three single-phase transformers; The former limit of high frequency phase shifting transformer umber of turn can be the same or different, and for guaranteeing all pressures of a plurality of MDQs in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit, makes the former limit of high frequency phase shifting transformer umber of turn identical usually.
It is corresponding with the pulse number of many arteries and veins rectification circuit that the phase shift that the secondary winding is selected connects method, and promptly the secondary winding selects the method that connects to realize corresponding phase shift according to the desired pulse number of many arteries and veins rectification.
Among the present invention, said inverter output module can adopt the three phase full bridge inverter circuit of four brachium pontis structures, utilizes one of them brachium pontis to draw zero line and controls the zero line current potential.In order to suppress the fluctuation of zero line current potential, the zero line that can all inverter output modules be drawn constitutes the zero line of low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network through parallel connection after the filtering.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: because the high frequency phase shifting transformer is operated under the high frequency modulated mode, its switching frequency is generally more than 100 times of power frequency, and therefore the size and the weight of whole distribution transformer can significantly reduce.Through regulating the duty ratio of inverter module in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit; Can realize Adjustable Output Voltage; When load current is excessive; Inverter module in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit can limit through reducing duty ratio, can directly close three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit when the load short-circuit conditions occurring and realize protection.This distribution transformer is because the effect of inversion output module; Be equivalent to introduce DC link; Electrical network and load no longer directly are coupled; When the impulse waveform of the output of i inverter output module staggered certain phase angle mutually, then the interchange of parallel connection output was more near sinusoidal waveform, approached 1 and eliminate the current on line side harmonic wave basically so can realize netting the side power factor.The present invention is not only applicable to existing power frequency distribution system, and heterogeneous distribution system also can be used for the high frequency distribution system, like the naval vessel distribution system of 400Hz.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that high-frequency distribution transformer constitutes sketch map;
A kind of method example that connects of high frequency phase shifting transformer secondary winding when Fig. 2 is 24 arteries and veins rectifications;
Fig. 3 is a three-phase voltage high frequency modulated oscillogram; (a) be the input waveform of MDQ; (b) be the output waveform of MDQ, (c) be (d) to be the square-wave pulse waveform that is used to modulate of negative half period paraphase by traditional square-wave pulse waveform that is used to modulate; (e) waveform for obtaining after Fig. 3 (a) process Fig. 3 (c) modulation, (f) waveform for obtaining after Fig. 3 (b) process Fig. 3 (d) modulation;
Fig. 4 is the impulse waveform of duty ratio modulation, and (a) duty ratio equals 1, and (b) duty ratio is less than 1;
Fig. 5 is a three-phase four-leg inverter output module main circuit topology.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is described further.
With reference to Fig. 1, in the high-frequency distribution transformer, comprise three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit, high frequency phase shifting transformer Tr, many arteries and veins rectification circuit CON ' and inverter output module INV '; In the legend, the every phase brachium pontis in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit comprises MDQ CON and 6 series inverter group INV of 6 series connection, i.e. n=6, the situation of m=1; The head end of the MDQ CON of 6 series connection of every phase brachium pontis connects high-pressure side three phase network inlet wire; End links to each other with the three phase network mid point; The output of 6 MDQ CON links to each other with the input of 6 series inverter group INV respectively, and the output of 6 series inverter group INV links to each other with 6 former limit windings of high frequency phase shifting transformer Tr respectively; Reaching 24 arteries and veins rectification purposes with 6 secondary windings of the every phase of high frequency phase shifting transformer Tr is example, and A is a mutually 1x 1, a 2x 2, a 3x 3, a 4x 4, a 5x 5, a 6x 6, B phase, C are similar.The secondary winding connects by Fig. 2, be connected into star, triangle ,-15 ° of indentations ,+15 ° of indentations, form three phase windings that 4 cover phase places differ 15 ° successively, draw 4 groups of totally 12 terminals, i.e. a among Fig. 1 1' b 1' c 1', a 2' b 2' c 2', a 3' b 3' c 3', a 4' b 4' c 4', the turn ratio of each secondary winding is: a 1 x 1 : a 2 x 2 : a 3 x 3 : a 4 x 4 : a 5 x 5 : a 6 x 6 = 1 : 3 : 0.816 : 0.186 : 0.299 : 0.299 4 cover phase places differ 15 ° three phase windings successively and link to each other with the input of the CON ' of arteries and veins rectification circuit more than 4 respectively; The output of the CON ' of arteries and veins rectification circuit more than 4 is connected to the input of 4 inverter output module INV ' respectively, and the output of 4 inverter output module INV ' connects low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network after parallel connection.
Wherein the secondary winding also can adopt extend-triangle to connect method; Only need make the phase place of 4 cover three-phase winding voltages of last formation differ 15 ° of effects that can reach 24 arteries and veins rectifications successively in a word, such method that connects is the same with traditional power frequency 24 arteries and veins rectifiers; Can eliminate each main harmonic current; Only have the harmonic wave of 24k ± 1 time, wherein k is a positive integer, can satisfy the requirement of most application scenarios.
6 secondary windings and 24 arteries and veins rectifications are merely an example of the present invention, in like manner also can be generalized to the application scenario of 2,3 secondary windings and 12 arteries and veins, 18 arteries and veins rectifications.
6 former limit windings of high frequency phase shifting transformer A phase are received in the output of 6 series inverter groups of A phase respectively in this example.For guaranteeing in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit all pressures between 6 rectification modules, should make the former limit umber of turn of high frequency phase shifting transformer identical as far as possible.Because through above modulation, the three-phase voltage sum still is zero, so the high frequency phase shifting transformer can be made up of a three-phase transformer or three single-phase transformers.
Because the distribution transformer secondary voltage of high frequencyization is very low; Especially after adopting extend-triangle or interconnected star connection; The voltage of segmentation winding is lower, the number of turn still less even the situation of fractional turns occurs; Every cover winding voltage is difficult to accomplish all to press, thus directly after too much arteries and veins rectification parallel connection be difficult to accomplish current-sharing.With the many covers independent direct current electricity that obtains after the rectification of many arteries and veins parallel connection again after inversion,, can effectively regulate output current separately after making the parallel connection of inverter output module through regulating the duty ratio of inverter output module output waveform.
Adopted above-mentioned after way parallelly connected again after the 4 cover inverter output module inversions; Only require that the phase place that the phase shift winding voltage of three-phases is overlapped in 4 of final formation differs 15 ° successively; Can no longer require its size equal fully, greatly reduce the design difficulty of high frequency phase shifting transformer.Through control to the inverter output module; For the phase shift winding of this 4 cover three-phase; The winding of the actual turn ratio Theoretical Calculation number of turn (or on the high side) on the low side can let its electric current corresponding big (or little) some; Same number of ampere turns can be obtained, the purpose of eliminating the current on line side harmonic wave can be reached equally.Therefore for 4 cover inverter output modules, in fact and do not require the current-sharing of the cover of 4 in the rectification of automatic many arteries and veins of control three-phase rectifier, but require control 4 cover rectifiers to accomplish equal power.Do not require that proper all pressures and current-sharing bring great convenience to the design of high-frequency distribution transformer, for example every as if star connection is 5 circles mutually, originally requires the every phase number of turn of delta connection to do 5 × 3 ≈ 8.66 Circle, such fractional turns winding are difficult on engineering, realize, then can Approximate Design become 8 circles or 9 circles now, recently realize the fractional turns winding effect of equivalence through the duty of control inverter output module.
Above-mentioned is the situation that many arteries and veins rectification circuit quantity equates with inverter output module quantity; As inverter output module quantity j the time less than many arteries and veins rectification circuit quantity i; For example the situation of arteries and veins rectification circuit more than 4 and 2 inverter output modules can link to each other with the input of 2 inverter output module INV ' respectively forming 2 outputs after many arteries and veins rectification circuit CON ' parallel connection in twos; Perhaps can link to each other with the input of 2 inverter output module INV ' respectively forming 2 outputs with remaining arteries and veins rectification circuit more than 1 after the parallel connection of arteries and veins rectification circuit more than 3, the output of 2 inverter output module INV ' connects low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network after parallel connection.
In the instance, the MDQ in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit is the full bridge rectifier that four diodes are formed; Inverter module in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit is two level single-phase full bridge inverter circuits.
380V/50Hz three-phase four-wire system distribution system requires have zero line to draw, and inverter output module (as shown in Figure 5) adopts the circuit topological structure of three-phase four-arm for this reason.Form mid-point voltage control main circuit by switching tube Q7, Q8 and inductance L 4, capacitor C 4, C5; Through control, form stable mid-point voltage, and make it to become zero line switching tube Q7 and Q8; Neutral line current can form the loop through L4, Q7 and Q8, makes three-phase output independent fully.Utilize one of them brachium pontis to draw zero line and control the zero line current potential, the zero line that all inverter output modules are drawn constitutes the zero line of low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network through parallel connection after the filtering.
The peak-to-peak value of 220V alternating voltage is about 622V, if the DC bus-bar voltage U of a certain cover inverter output module PN>=622V, the center line brachium pontis switching tube Q7, Q8 that then control this inverter output module are by certain duty ratio work, and making its output voltage is the midpoint potential of DC bus-bar voltage, that is the zero line current potential.If the DC bus-bar voltage of 4 cover inverter output modules is all greater than 622V, then their center line brachium pontis mid point can link together and draw as the zero line of three-phase four-wire system.If DC bus-bar voltage is less than 622V; Then center line brachium pontis midpoint potential is pulsed by 3 times of power frequencies with respect to the voltage of dc bus midpoint potential; And for quadruplet inverter output module; The pulsation phase of this 3 times of power frequencies might be different with size, and the zero line as the three-phase four-wire system electrical network is drawn in zero line parallel connection again after filtering that this moments 4, cover inverter output module center line brachium pontis was drawn at last.
MDQ input waveform is shown in Fig. 3 (a), and output waveform is shown in Fig. 3 (b) behind over commutation.Series inverter group in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit, utilize amplitude equal ± 1 bipolar square wave pulse modulates, and is different with square-wave pulse traditional among Fig. 3 (c), employing be the square-wave pulse of negative half period paraphase.Shown in Fig. 3 (d); The difference of these two kinds of square-wave pulses is: at modulated wave, during the positive half wave like the 50Hz sine wave, Fig. 3 (d) is identical with Fig. 3 (c) waveform; During the negative half-wave of 50Hz sine wave; Fig. 3 (d) and the anti-phase of Fig. 3 (c) waveform, promptly when modulated wave was reverse, square-wave pulse is paraphase also.The waveform of voltage waveform among Fig. 3 (b) after the rectification after the square-wave pulse modulation of Fig. 3 (d) is shown in Fig. 3 (f); The waveform that the alternating voltage waveform of Fig. 3 (a) obtains after the traditional square wave pulse modulation of Fig. 3 (c) is shown in Fig. 3 (e).Obviously visible, the waveform of Fig. 3 (e) and Fig. 3 (f) are duplicate, adopt this scheme can avoid the use of the two-way full control device in the two poles of the earth.
Square-wave pulse among Fig. 3 all is that positive negative pulse stuffing links to each other, and shown in Fig. 4 (a), output voltage is maximum when duty ratio is 1.The inverter module of three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit also can be operated in duty ratio less than 1 state, shown in Fig. 4 (b).The control duty ratio then can reduce output voltage less than 1, and therefore high-frequency distribution transformer of the present invention also has the function of voltage adjustment.

Claims (7)

1. high-frequency distribution transformer is characterized in that comprising three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit, high frequency phase shifting transformer (Tr), many arteries and veins rectification circuit (CON ') and inverter output module (INV '); Every phase brachium pontis in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit comprises the MDQ (CON) of n series connection; N is a positive integer; And quantity is MDQ (CON) m inverter module doubly; M is a positive integer, and m inverter module series connection constitutes a series inverter group (INV), forms n series inverter group (INV) altogether; The head end of the MDQ (CON) of n series connection of every phase brachium pontis connects high-pressure side three phase network inlet wire, and end links to each other with the three phase network mid point, and the output of each MDQ (CON) links to each other with the input of a series inverter group (INV); The quantity of high frequency phase shifting transformer (Tr) former limit winding and the secondary winding quantity with series inverter group (INV) respectively is identical, and the output of each series inverter group (INV) links to each other with each former limit winding of high frequency phase shifting transformer (Tr) respectively; The three-phase secondary winding of high frequency phase shifting transformer (Tr) forms three phase windings of i phase shift after star, triangle, complications or extend-triangle connect method; I is a positive integer; Three phase windings of i phase shift link to each other with the input of i many arteries and veins rectification circuit (CON ') respectively; The output of i many arteries and veins rectification circuit (CON ') links to each other with the input of i inverter output module (INV ') respectively; The output of i inverter output module (INV ') connects low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network after parallel connection; Perhaps i many arteries and veins rectification circuit (CON ') parallel connection back forms j output and links to each other with the input of j inverter output module (INV ') respectively, and j is the positive integer less than i, and the output of j inverter output module (INV ') connects low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network after parallel connection.
2. high-frequency distribution transformer according to claim 1 is characterized in that MDQ (CON) is four diodes, thyristor or controls the full bridge rectifier that device is formed entirely.
3. high-frequency distribution transformer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the inverter module in the three-phase voltage high frequency modulated circuit is two level or tri-level single phase full bridge inverter.
4. high-frequency distribution transformer according to claim 1 is characterized in that m equals 1,2 or 3.
5. high-frequency distribution transformer according to claim 1 is characterized in that the former limit umber of turn of each high frequency phase shifting transformer (Tr) is identical or inequality.
6. high-frequency distribution transformer according to claim 1, it is corresponding with the pulse number of many arteries and veins rectification circuit to it is characterized in that phase shift that the secondary winding is selected connects method.
7. high-frequency distribution transformer according to claim 1; It is characterized in that inverter output module (INV ') is the three phase full bridge inverter circuit of four brachium pontis structures; The zero line that all inverter output modules (INV ') are drawn constitutes the zero line of low-pressure side three-phase four-wire system electrical network through parallel connection after the filtering.
CN 200810162201 2008-11-14 2008-11-14 High-frequency distribution transformer Expired - Fee Related CN101521467B (en)

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CN101795081A (en) * 2010-03-03 2010-08-04 中国科学院电工研究所 Power electronic transformer having multi-winding isolation transformer
CN101834532B (en) * 2010-03-17 2012-05-30 山西昭鑫电力科技有限公司 High-voltage and high-power transducer
CN102263414A (en) * 2010-05-25 2011-11-30 新能动力(北京)电气科技有限公司 Electrical energy changer and system
CN102739088B (en) * 2012-06-20 2014-09-10 东南大学 Multi-phase voltage source two-level inverter control method
CN106452148B (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-12-28 阳光电源股份有限公司 Three-level three-phase four-bridge arm inversion system and its control method and controller
CN106787799A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 广东百事泰电子商务股份有限公司 A kind of intelligent sine voltage change-over circuit based on PFC normal shock half-bridges
CN106787800A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 广东百事泰电子商务股份有限公司 A kind of intelligent amendment wave voltage change-over circuit based on PFC normal shock half-bridges
CN106856378A (en) * 2017-01-11 2017-06-16 广东百事泰电子商务股份有限公司 Intelligent half-bridge sine voltage change-over circuit based on PFC interleaving inverse excitations
CN106786770A (en) * 2017-01-19 2017-05-31 株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司 A kind of photovoltaic inversion unit and three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected TRT
CN107947621B (en) * 2017-12-15 2019-12-20 淮阴工学院 High-power PWM grid-connected inverter circuit with multi-channel 96-pulse instantaneous value feedback
CN109347334A (en) * 2018-10-24 2019-02-15 南宁学院 A kind of electricity distribution power electronic transformer of modular construction
CN114063492B (en) * 2021-09-30 2024-04-19 科华数据股份有限公司 Energy-saving control method, control device and storage medium for power supply system rectifying module

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