CN101518013B - 降低单载波和scbt通信系统中的papr的方法和系统 - Google Patents

降低单载波和scbt通信系统中的papr的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN101518013B
CN101518013B CN2007800359135A CN200780035913A CN101518013B CN 101518013 B CN101518013 B CN 101518013B CN 2007800359135 A CN2007800359135 A CN 2007800359135A CN 200780035913 A CN200780035913 A CN 200780035913A CN 101518013 B CN101518013 B CN 101518013B
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S·-A·塞耶迪-埃斯法哈尼
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/345Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information
    • H04L27/3461Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel
    • H04L27/3483Modifications of the signal space to allow the transmission of additional information in order to transmit a subchannel using a modulation of the constellation points
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/20Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • H04L27/2032Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner
    • H04L27/2053Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases
    • H04L27/206Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases using a pair of orthogonal carriers, e.g. quadrature carriers
    • H04L27/2067Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases using a pair of orthogonal carriers, e.g. quadrature carriers with more than two phase states
    • H04L27/2078Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases using a pair of orthogonal carriers, e.g. quadrature carriers with more than two phase states in which the phase change per symbol period is constrained
    • H04L27/2082Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits for discrete phase modulation, e.g. in which the phase of the carrier is modulated in a nominally instantaneous manner using more than one carrier, e.g. carriers with different phases using a pair of orthogonal carriers, e.g. quadrature carriers with more than two phase states in which the phase change per symbol period is constrained for offset or staggered quadrature phase shift keying
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems
    • H04L27/3405Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power
    • H04L27/3411Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission, e.g. reduction of the bit error rate, bandwidth, or average power reducing the peak to average power ratio or the mean power of the constellation; Arrangements for increasing the shape gain of a signal set

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的系统(800)、发射器(600)、接收器(700)和方法提供了尤其在使用了非对称星座(例如BPSK)时降低用于单载波和单载波块传输(SCBT)调制的峰值-平均功率比(PAPR)的技术。用于调制每个符号的星座旋转一个相位。只有星座被旋转,并且比特到每个星座的映射可以是相似的或者可以不是相似的。此外,在可替换的实施例中,对调制的比特编码或者不编码。在另外的可替换实施例中,使用了网格编码调制(TCM)。由于相位旋转是事先已知的,或者可以根据事先已知的信息确定,因而可以容易地在接收器处对它进行校正。

Description

降低单载波和SCBT通信系统中的PAPR的方法和系统
技术领域
本发明的系统、设备和方法提供了尤其在使用了非圆对称星座(例如BPSK)时降低用于单载波和单载波块传输(SCBT)调制的峰值-平均功率比(PAPR)的技术。
背景技术
峰值-平均功率比(PAPR)是通信信号的性能中的重要度量之一。PAPR是峰值瞬时信号功率Ppeak与平均信号功率Pave之比。PAPR的重要性源于实际的发射器(特别是功率放大器)具有有限的线性动态范围这一事实,即如果信号值超过一定的极限,则造成非线性失真。除了向希望的信号中加入噪声(失真)之外,非线性失真还会产生该信号的谐波;因而它增加了发射器的带外发射。
为了避免这点,所述信号必须保持在发射器的线性范围之内。在给定PAPR的特定值时,对于信号峰值的这个限制暗示了对于平均发射功率的限制。因此,有利的是设计具有小的PAPR值的信号。
PAPR取决于调制单载波、单载波块传输(SCBT)或OFDM、星座(PSK,QAM)以及脉冲形状。
用来降低QPSK调制信号的PAPR的方法之一称为π/4-QPSK。在该方法中,每隔一个QPSK调制符号旋转π/4弧度的角度。结果,与不同符号相应的脉冲不以相同相位相加。此外,得到的信号从一个符号的星座点转到下一个符号的星座点时不需要经过零。然而,据本发明人所知,用于其他星座的相似方法并不存在。
因此,需要用于实现小的PAPR值的手段。
发明内容
本发明提供了用于降低单载波和SCBT调制的PAPR的设备、方法和系统。
在一个优选的实施例中,用于调制每个符号的星座旋转一个相位。只有星座被旋转,并且比特到每个星座的映射可以相似或者可以不相似。此外,在可替换的实施例中,对调制的比特编码或者不编码。在另外的可替换实施例中,使用了网格编码调制(TCM)或者多级编码调制(MLCM)。
由于相位旋转是事先已知的,或者可以根据事先已知的信息确定,因而可以容易地在接收器处对它进行校正。
一旦在连续星座的相位方面进行了依照本发明的修改,那么就出现所得信号的PAPR的显著降低。例如,考虑具有Sinc脉冲的十个连续BPSK符号(图2)。可以看出,如果这十个符号碰巧等于{1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1}(这是在t=0.5时产生最大峰值的序列),那么这十个脉冲的加入产生相当大的峰值。然而,当用于每个符号的星座旋转π/2时,得到的总和没有大的峰值。相似的结果适用于许多其他的星座和脉冲形状。
通过总结π/4-QPSK中使用的概念,本发明提供了尤其在使用了非对称星座(例如BPSK)时显著降低用于单载波和SCBT调制的PAPR的设备、方法和系统。
附图说明
图1示出了用于矩形8QAM的旋转的星座:(a)nmod 3=-1,(b)nmod 3=0,(c)n mod 3=1;
图2示出了用于具有Sinc脉冲、进行了星座旋转和没有进行星座旋转的十个连续BPSK符号的PAPR;
图3示出了8QAM星座:(a)矩形8QAM,(b)非正方形(NS)8QAM,(c)星形8QAM,(d)正方形8QAM;
图4示出了具有不同星座、进行了相位修改和没有进行相位修改的SCBT系统的PAPR;
图5示出了具有不同相位旋转的矩形8QAM的PAPR;
图6示出了依照本发明修改的发射器;
图7示出了依照本发明修改的接收器;以及
图8示出了依照本发明修改的通信系统。
具体实施方式
本领域普通技术人员应当理解的是,以下描述是出于说明的目的而提供的,并不是用于限制。技术人员能够理解,存在许多处于本发明的精神和所附权利要求书的范围之内的变型。若干已知功能和结构的不必要的细节可以从当前描述中省略,以便不使本发明模糊不清。
本发明提供了尤其在使用了非对称星座(例如BPSK)时显著降低用于单载波和SCBT调制的PAPR的设备、方法和系统。
在优选的实施例中,用于调制每个符号的星座s[n]旋转相位φ[n]。例如,对于偶数n可以采用BPSK星座和φ[n]=0,对于奇数n可以采用φ[n]=π/2。这意味着所有奇数编号的符号都使用星座{1,-1},并且所有偶数编号的符号都使用星座{j,-j}。另一个实例是使用矩形8QAM星座以及φ[n]=(n mod 3)π/3。在这种情况下,图1中绘出了这些星座。
应当指出的是,只有星座被旋转,并且比特到每个星座的映射可以相似或者可以不相似。此外,可以对调制的比特编码或者不编码。同样可能的是,使用网格编码调制(TCM)或者多级编码调制(MLCM)。
如上面所指出的,由于相位旋转是事先已知的,或者可以根据事先已知的信息确定,因而可以容易地在接收器处对它进行校正。
如果依照本发明一个实施例进行了连续星座的相位方面的修改,那么它就可以显著地降低所得信号的PAPR。例如,考虑具有Sinc脉冲的十个连续BPSK符号(图2)。可以看出,如果这十个符号碰巧等于{1,-1,1,-1,1,1,-1,1,-1,1}(这是在t=0.5时产生最大峰值的序列),那么这十个脉冲的加入产生相当大的峰值。然而,当用于每个符号的星座旋转π/2(乘以j)时,得到的总和没有大的峰值。对于许多其他的星座和脉冲形状可以作出相似的观察。
实施例1:递增相位修改
在本发明的第一实施例中,用于每个星座的相位旋转φ[n]通过对前一相位递增恒定值而获得,即
φ[n]=φ[n-1]+θ
并且对于给定星座,可以使用仿真找到θ的最佳值。图4中绘出了具有BPSK、QPSK、不同的8QAM(图2)以及16QAM星座、进行了和没有进行这种相位旋转的SCBT系统的PAPR性能。显然,类似的技术可以用于其他的星座,例如32QAM、64QAM等等。
实现了显著的PAPR方面的增益。特别地,表1中给出了实现的增益(在P(PAPR>γ)=0.01时)
表1
  星座   PAPR增益(dB)
  BPSK   3.0
  QPSK   0.6
  矩形8QAM   1.1
  非正方形8QAM   1.1
  星形8QAM   0.6
  正方形8QAM   0.6
  16QAM   0.5
容易看出,在许多情况下,本发明的实现仅仅增加了非常小的复杂度,或不增加复杂度。此外,容易看出,通过采用θ的良好的但不一定是最佳的值获得了良好的结果。例如,图5比较了θ=π/3、θ=π/2和θ=π/4时具有矩形8QAM调制的SCBT系统的PAPR性能。可以看出,尽管θ=π/3导致最佳的性能,但是θ=π/2和θ=π/4也给出PAPR方面的相似的降低(近似为1dB)。然而,这些后面的旋转在实践中更易于实现。例如,矩形8QAM星座(图3(a))中的θ=π/2的旋转可以简单地通过切换同相和正交分量来实现。
实施例2:伪随机相位修改
在本发明的第二实施例中,通过使用伪随机数发生器来获得相位修改。
实施例3:存储的相位修改
在本发明的第三实施例中,从预定和存储的表格中获得相位修改。
图6示出了依照本发明修改的发射器600的框图。潜在地编码和交织(interleave)602输入比特流601。接着,在603使用依照本发明的相位旋转星座调制该数据。然后,在SCBT系统中插入防卫间隔(循环前缀或补零)604。当在603没有执行本发明的星座相位旋转时,在脉冲整形和模数转换605之后,得到的波形表现出大的峰值。相应地,当存在大的峰值时,PAPR是高的并且高的PAPR是不希望的,因为它要求D/A转换器605以及RF链中的大的动态范围。通过依照本发明修改发射器600以便使用本发明实施例1-3中的任何实施例及其可替换方案旋转星座603,大大地降低了峰值。应当指出的是,可以在发射器600处针对比特流并且不仅仅在虚线箭头位置处进行其他的处理。
图7示出了接收器700的框图,该接收器经过修改以便考虑本发明的星座相位旋转。接收的信号701在702经过A/D转换,并且去除防卫间隔703。接着,在704均衡化该信号以便去除由信道造成的损害。然后,在705在该流的解调中考虑所述已知的相位旋转。然后,潜在地解码和解交织被解码的比特。可以在所述接收器处并且不仅仅在图7所示虚线位置处进行其他的处理。
图8示出了经过修改以便降低PAPR的通信系统,其包括至少一个依照本发明修改的发射器600.i以及至少一个依照本发明修改的接收器700.j。
尽管已经图示和描述了本发明的优选实施例,但是本领域技术人员应当理解,本文所述的系统、设备和方法是说明性的,并且在不脱离本发明的真正范围的情况下,可以进行各种变化和修改并且可以用等效物代替其元件。此外,在不脱离本发明的中心范围的情况下,可以进行许多修改以便使本发明的教导适应特定的情形。因此,应当预期的是,本发明不限于作为考虑用于实现本发明的最佳模式而公开的特定实施例,相反,本发明应当包括落入所附权利要求书的范围之内的所有实施例以及所有的实现技术,而不仅仅作为实例使用的面向所述目的的实现方法。

Claims (5)

1.一种用于降低通信流的连续符号流s[n]的峰值-平均功率比(PAPR)的方法,其中n>1,该方法包括以下步骤:
指定用于调制所述通信流的星座;
对于每个连续符号s[n],执行以下步骤:
a.对于每个连续符号s[n],确定所述指定的星座的相位修改φ[n];
b.将所述指定的星座旋转确定的相位φ[n];以及
c.利用旋转的星座来调制所述连续符号s[n]。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述步骤c还包括使用选自这样的组中的码的步骤,其中所述组由网格码调制(TCM)、具有交织的卷积码、没有交织的卷积码以及多级编码调制(MLCM)组成。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中所述步骤a还包括从这样的组中选择相位修改φ[n]的步骤,其中所述组由递增、伪随机和存储的表格组成。
4.权利要求3的方法,其中所述存储的表格提供接近最佳的φ[n],使得所述旋转实现起来不及相应的最佳旋转那么复杂。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中对于给定的星座,所述步骤b还包括从以下选择所述旋转φ[n]的步骤:
当采用BPSK星座时,对于偶数n,φ[n]=0,而对于奇数n,φ[n]=π/2;
当采用正方形(SQ)8QAM星座时,φ[n]=(n mod 4)π/4;
当采用矩阵8QAM星座时,φ[n]=(n mod 3)π/3或φ[n]=(n mod 2)π/2;
当采用非正方形(SQ)8QAM星座时,φ[n]=(n mod 3)π/3或φ[n]=(nmod 2)π/2;
当采用星形8QAM星座时,φ[n]=(n mod 4)π/4;和
当采用16QAM星座时,φ[n]=(n mod 4)π/4。
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