CN101516547B - Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace - Google Patents
Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101516547B CN101516547B CN2007800348484A CN200780034848A CN101516547B CN 101516547 B CN101516547 B CN 101516547B CN 2007800348484 A CN2007800348484 A CN 2007800348484A CN 200780034848 A CN200780034848 A CN 200780034848A CN 101516547 B CN101516547 B CN 101516547B
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Abstract
Systems and corresponding methods are described herein that provide an effective inert blanket over a metal surface (hot solid (charge) metal or molten metal) in a container such as an induction furnace. The system includes a container of metal and a system configured to delivery biphasic inert cryogen toward the metal. The delivery system may include a lance disposed at the top of the container. The lance has a hood that directs both a flow of liquid cryogen and a flow of vaporous gas toward the metal surface. The liquid cryogen contacts the metal surface, generating a volume of expanding gas over the metal surface. The vaporous cryogen creates a reinforcing vapor that slows the expansion rate of the expanding gas, localizing the expanding gas over the metal surface.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the pollution to fusion (fusing) metal in the processed process of minimizing as far as possible.
Background technology
In the metal casting industry, metal (black or coloured) is melted in stove, is introduced into then in the mould to be frozen into foundry goods.In casting fusing operation, metal is melted in electric induction furnace usually.Fusing and transferring metal and not make it be exposed to atmospheric air usually be favourable with the oxidation that reduces metal (comprising its alloying component) as far as possible; This is productivity gain and alloy recovery not only, and can minimizing can cause casting defect (being mingled with) to such an extent as to be lowered into the formation of the metal oxide of quality.In addition, motlten metal is tending towards absorbing gas (mainly being oxygen and hydrogen) from atmosphere (surrounding air), and this can cause the casting defect relevant with gas, for example pore.
Having made ins all sorts of ways prevents metal exposed in atmospheric air, comprises application of vacuum and with gas or liquid inerting.In application of vacuum, the furnace chamber extracting vacuum of convection cell sealing, all ambient oxygen of emptying basically before heating of metal.Yet the method needs the special vacuum stove and only is suitable for small lot batch manufacture usually.In addition, the use of vacuum drying oven also needs very long cool time, has so just reduced the productivity ratio of factory.
For the gas inerting, continuous inert gas flow is injected in the furnace chamber.This just formed in furnace chamber remove ambient oxygen and prevent surrounding air enter into the inert gas coating of furnace chamber (protective atmosphere, blanket).Yet, even the furnace chamber that the method seals for basic fluid in processing procedure also need use the gas of huge amount.In addition, the method can not be kept enough low concentration of residual oxygen to prevent on most of metal product, forming oxide layer.Come from rising thermal current in the scorching hot stove and push away and leave the metal surface on the cold inertness gas that gets into is continued.Like this, when hot-air and gas rising, the air-flow that is produced continues in stove, to introduce fresh cold air.The inert gas that is injected also can be involved in surrounding air thereupon when it injects stove.Because these influences, though gas inerting technology is not impossible be difficult to directly on the metal surface, provide real inertia (0%O yet
2) atmosphere.
During for the liquid inerting, liquid refrigerant (typically is N
2Or Ar) covers the whole exposed surface of metal (that is, heat solid metal or motlten metal).Because the density of liquid refrigerant is bigger than the density of its gas phase and air, so its possibility that is pushed away and leave bath surface on thermal current that rises is much little.In short time, liquid is gasificated into gas after touching the metal surface.When cold-producing medium when liquid boiling is gas, its when rising the about 600-900 of volumetric expansion times.As a result, this expansion pushes away the metal surface with surrounding air, thereby suppresses oxidation.A defective of liquid inerting is, is difficult under liquid state, liquid refrigerant is transported in the smelting furnace effectively.The gas of liquefaction is extremely cold.In storage tank and dispensing pipeline, liquid inert gas absorbs heat constantly from environment, makes the boiling in storage tank and dispensing pipeline of some liquid be steam.This steam must be discharged from before liquid injects furnace chamber, splashes and fluctuate (this be because gas in conveyance conduit, to be easy to block liquid mobile) otherwise can cause flowing.As a result, the cold-producing medium supply most owing to the boiling lose.
Therefore, still need obtain low concentration of residual oxygen in the prior art through the removing purification process that does not lose a large amount of inert gases.
Summary of the invention
This paper has described system and the corresponding method that effective inert is provided on the metal surface in the container such as induction furnace, funnel etc.Said system comprises the container and the system that is configured to carry towards said metal the two-phase inert cryogen of metal (for example, solid (furnace charge/charging) metal or the motlten metal of heat).Said induction system can comprise the jet pipe (spray gun) near the top setting of said container.Said jet pipe comprises the cover cap that the guiding liquids cold-producing medium flows and steam (attitude) cold-producing medium flows towards the metal surface.Liquid refrigerant moves to the metal surface, produces the expanding gas of certain volume (a certain amount of, avolume of) in this its gasification.In addition, vaporous cryogen is guided downwards towards said expanding gas.(strengthen, replenish, reinforce) expanding gas slows down its expansion rate so that expanding gas is maintained on the metal surface in the vaporous cryogen reinforcement.Like this, liquid and vaporous gas work in tandem are to suppress the oxidation of metal.
Said system can comprise a plurality of different characteristics, comprises each or its combination in the following characteristic:
Be used to hold the open-top receptacle of motlten metal, this container comprises diapire, sidewall and opening;
Inert cryogen source, said inert cryogen comprise fluid stream component and steam flow component;
The induction system that contiguous said opening is provided with; This induction system comprises: the jet pipe that (1) includes an inlet and an outlet; Said inlet is connected to said inert cryogen source, and/or (2) cover cap of being connected with the port of export of jet pipe, and wherein this cover cap is towards the component of motlten metal guiding inert cryogen;
Cover cap is configured to towards the liquid component of the diapire guiding inert cryogen of container; Make the liquid component contacting molten metal have an expansion rate (expansion rate with formation; The gas of certain expanding volume rate of expansion) (expanding gas of certain volume, an expanding volume of gas);
Cover cap also is configured to towards the expansion rate of motlten metal guiding vapor components with the gas that suppresses said expanding volume;
Cover cap has crooked housing, and this housing has inlet and is positioned at the outlet in inlet downstream;
Cover cap is arranged so that the opening coplane or be lower than vessel port roughly of outlet and the container of cover cap;
Induction system can be worked to produce surface area based on motlten metal at about 0.002lb/in
2To about 0.005lb/in
2Inert cryogen flow in the scope;
Diffuser can be worked so that fluid stream component is separated with the steam flow component; And
Cover cap have about 0 ° to about 90 ° flexibility.
This paper has also described a kind of method that vapor blanket is provided on the material of processed processing in container.This method can comprise a plurality of different characteristics, comprises each or its combination in the following characteristic:
In container, form motlten metal, this motlten metal has the exposed surface that is limited with surface area;
Produce the two-phase inert cryogen, wherein this inert cryogen comprises fluid stream component and steam flow component;
Guiding liquids stream component contacts the expanding volume of gas that has an expansion rate with generation with motlten metal; And
Guiding steam flow component gets in the container to suppress the expansion rate of said gas volume;
With can produce with the basic co-extensive of exposed surface of motlten metal (with what prolong, coextend, with the border, the coextensive) flow of expanding volume of gas guiding two-phase inert cryogen stream;
Surface area based on motlten metal is confirmed flow;
Provide surface area based on motlten metal at about 0.002lb/in
2To about 0.005lb/in
2Flow in the scope;
Motlten metal is provided, and this motlten metal is portion of curved moon of lobed central authorities and the roughly meniscus shape of moon portion is bent at low (by under) edge, and guide said fluid stream component with the said low curved moon portion contact;
Keep said flow to concentrate (limitation) in the part of motlten metal exposed surface fluid stream component;
The container that comprises diapire, sidewall and opening is provided, and is close to said sidewall guiding liquids stream component, make fluid stream component in the position contacting molten metal of being close to said sidewall;
From a source guiding liquids inert cryogen through diffuser so that fluid stream component is separated with the steam flow component; And
Keep the flow of inert cryogen, make flow of liquid concentrate on than in the little zone of motlten metal exposed surface.
See the above-mentioned of system and method as herein described and other purpose, characteristic and advantage through especially when combining accompanying drawing, considering to know in the face of the detailed description of the specific embodiment of the invention down, parts like the similar in the accompanying drawings Reference numeral representation class.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates according to the container that has metal heated charging of the embodiment of the invention and the cutaway view of the exemplary embodiment of the induction system that is used for the two-phase inert cryogen.
Fig. 2 is the close-up view of induction system shown in Figure 1.
The specific embodiment
The invention provides such system and method; Wherein (for example such as smelting furnace or transfer system; Contain iron/steel drum, chute etc.) container in, at metal (for example; Motlten metal and/or the metal charge that is heated) produce and keep by the inert gas of vapor-reinforced certain expanding volume (for example, argon, nitrogen or carbon dioxide) on the surface.Saidly can be produced and keep by the liquid refrigerant of the certain gasification volume on one or more sides of the inner surface that is positioned at container by the inert gas of the expanding volume of reinforcement.Can keep expanding volume of gas through the liquid refrigerant that replenishes said gasification volume with continuous liquid refrigerant streams from the lance system of furnace roof.
Fig. 1 illustrates system 10 according to an embodiment of the invention.As shown in, system 10 comprises container 100 and biphasic cryogen delivery system 200.Container 100 comprises diapire 105, sidewall 110 and the opening 115 that is limited at edge 120.Container 100 holds metal 300 (for example, motlten metal and/or the furnace charge that is heated).For example, container 100 can be that metal bath, induction furnace or metal-back and/or transfer system are as containing iron/steel drum, chute etc.Be present in that convective motion and/or surface tension in the motlten metal forms lobed central portion 310 and the convergence meniscus of the low edge part 320 that is provided with along the sidewall 110 of container 100.
Biphasic cryogen delivery system 200 is dispensed into the inert cryogen of liquid and steam in the container 100.System 200 can comprise the jet pipe 210 that is arranged on container 100 tops.Jet pipe 210 can be communicated with inert liquid cryogen source 400 (for example, reservoir vessel).Inert liquid cryogen can include but not limited to argon, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
As stated, moving to the process of container 100 from source 400, inert liquid cryogen absorbs heat, forms vaporous/gaseous component.Therefore, diffuser 220 can be connected to jet pipe 210 vapor components is separated (that is, vaporous cryogen being separated with liquid refrigerant) with liquid component.Diffuser 220 can for example comprise the stopper of 10-80 μ grade of the sintering of the outlet side that is arranged on jet pipe 210.Diffuser 220 is contained in clamshell or the cover cap 230, and cover cap 230 is configured to guide the liquids and gases component of leaving diffuser, thereby they are imported container 100.Particularly, cover cap 230 is configured as surface guiding two-phase flow or the cold-producing medium (that is the stream of the stream of liquid refrigerant 500A and vaporous cryogen 500B) towards metal 300.
Fig. 2 illustrates the close-up view of cover cap shown in Figure 1 230.In an illustrated embodiment, cover cap 230 comprises arrival end 235, first 237, second portion 239 and the port of export 240.The longitudinal axis (representing with X) of cover cap is left in cover cap 230 downwarpings, thereby forms first bend or excurvation pars convoluta 245 and second bend or interior bend 250.Flexibility can include but not limited in about 0 ° (its middle outlet 240 is approximately perpendicular to axis X) to the scope of about 90 ° (its middle outlet 240 is roughly parallel to axis X) crooked downwards.The size of cover cap can be the arbitrary dimension that is suitable for its said purpose.For example, cover cap 230 can have the length overall of about 4-6 inch (10.16cm-15.24cm).As a specific example; First 237 (235 extending to bend 245/250 from entering the mouth) (for example can be about 3-5 inch (7.62cm-12.7cm); 4 inches (10.16cm)); And second portion (extending to outlet 240 from bend 245/250) can be about 0.5-3 inch (1.27cm-7.62cm) (for example, about 1.5 inches (3.81cm)).The diameter of closure passages (representing with D) can be about 0.5 inch to 2 inches (1.27cm-5.08cm) (for example, 1 inch (3.54cm)).Preferably, the diameter D of passage 235 240 is continuous basically to outlet from entering the mouth.The material that forms cover cap includes but not limited to stainless steel pipe.
Through this configuration, liquid refrigerant 500A is directed along the sidewall 110 of/adjacent vessel 100, make liquid refrigerant can arrive metal 300 and along low curved moon portion 320 form concentrated (localization) pond or the volume 500C of liquid refrigerants.This is opposite with the traditional liquid cold-producing medium induction system that the liquid coating is directed on the whole metal surface.Otherwise induction system 200 each parameter of control of the present invention are so that liquid refrigerant 500A becomes concentrated on metal 300.That is to say that liquid refrigerant 500A has only covered the part of metal surface, with liquid refrigerant concentrate on the roughly contiguous zone of the sidewall 110 of container 100 in.
As stated, liquid refrigerant pond 500C is formed near the sidewall 110 of container.More effectively be; Carry (to the lower curtate 320 of meniscus) to increase the cold-producing medium that is delivered to the meniscus position as far as possible along the sidewall 110 of container liquid refrigerant 500A; And at the domestic smallest height of becket (for example, the floor level position of stove) formation liquid refrigerant pond 500C.By contrast; The high portion 310 that liquid refrigerant 500A is delivered to meniscus will suppress the refrigerant amount that actual (along sidewall 110) is delivered to the lower curtate 320 of meniscus, because cold-producing medium 500C can be trapped in furnace charge (solid charge that in thermal cycle, melts) inside or top.In addition, settle induction system 200 that extra advantage is provided, the inertia protection when promptly automatically helping metal and being poured onto transhipment iron/steel drum, chute, funnel mould etc. along the sidewall 110 of container 100 (for example, perpendicular to the sprue gate of contiguous stove).
Like this, through above-mentioned hood configuration, the flow adjacent sidewall 110 of liquid refrigerant 500A has formed the liquid refrigerant 500C of small size on the surface of metal 300.Because heat that produces by the surface of motlten metal 300 and the heat that gives off by furnace wall 110, liquid refrigerant pond 500C gasification, thus be created in the inert gas 600 of the certain expanding volume that expands on the whole exposed surface of metal 300.This expands and surrounding air is pushed away the surface of metal 300, and sees through any furnace charge in the melt surface fusing.This directly provides real inert atmosphere again on the metal surface.The expansion rate of gas 600 depends on the kind (for example, argon, nitrogen or carbon dioxide) of the inert gas that is used for forming inert usually.For example, when liquid refrigerant pond 500C when liquid boiling becomes gas, the inflatable about 600-900 of volume is doubly when rising above that.As a specific example, from-302 ° of F (185 ℃) when being heated to room temperature, argon expands and reaches 840 times of liquid volume.
Expanding gas 600 expands soon more, and its effusion container 100 is just fast more, thereby is lost in the surrounding environment.This loss not only reduces the usefulness of inert, and changes ambient air (for example, the user being exposed under the inert gas).For the gas 600 that reduces and/or eliminate said expanding volume speed as far as possible from container 100 losses; Induction system 200 also imports a sheet of vaporous cryogen 500B in the container; Wherein its reinforcement the inert gas 600 of the said expanding volume that 500C produces from the liquid refrigerant pond, thereby near the metal surface that exposes, keep said expanding volume 600.Particularly, cover cap 230 is towards expanding gas 600 guiding vaporous cryogen 500B, thus reinforcement expanding gas and suppress its expansion rate and the diffusion in the atmosphere of container 100 tops.This has alleviated the major defect (as stated) of traditional liquid inerting, and wherein the major part of inert cryogen is lost (for example in ventilation when avoiding jet pipe to splash).
From the biphasic cryogen 500A in source 400, the flow of 500B certain expansion inert gas 600 of volume continuously should be provided; So that the centralized pool 500C that on the surface of metal 300, keeps liquid refrigerant (promptly; Prevent that liquid refrigerant 500A from forming the pond 500C on the whole surface that covers metal 300), and keep mobile reinforcement vaporous cryogen 500B towards the metal surface.Preferably, flow is confirmed as the function of the surface area of metal 300.The method of the usefulness metal volume calculated flow rate of this and prior art is opposite.Preferably, the flow of the Continuous Flow of cold-producing medium in container 100 is maintained about 0.002lb/in for the metal surface area that exposes
2To about 0.005lb/in
2(about 0.14g/cm
2To about 0.35g/cm
2).This just maintains cold-producing medium stream under such flow, and this flow can produce the vaporous cryogen 500B of the favourable amount of ability reinforcement expanding gas 600.For example, according to the thermal mass of refrigerant distributing system and the operating pressure of cold-producing medium charging-tank, leaving the liquid refrigerant 500A of jet pipe 210 and the ratio of vaporous cryogen 500B can be about 99/1 to about 51/49.The flow that exceeds preferable range is tending towards increasing processing cost, and causes causing that owing to cold-producing medium 500C expands at the volume when liquid changes steam into and mechanics metal 300 " jumps out " container 100.This has brought danger to the user in container 100 peripheral regions.
In when work, cover cap 230 imports container 100 with liquid refrigerant 500A, makes liquid refrigerant fall and the sidewall of adjacent vessel 100 forms the liquid refrigerant of small size (pond 500C) on the surface of metal 300 from the jet pipe 210 of adjacent sidewall 110.Liquid volume 500C gasification, thus the expanding gas 600 that expands is gone up on the surface really that is formed on metal 300.Simultaneously, cover cap 230 guides steam 500C downwards towards the metal surface, thereby the expansion of repression of swelling gas 600 is kept by the steam of reinforcement at the near surface of metal 300.
Inert gas that traditional method use has been expanded or inert cryogen liquid are as the protection barrier of motlten metal in the container and/or furnace charge.Use by the method for vapor-reinforced expanding gas formation inert and the difference of these conventional methods and be; For the furnace maneuver personnel provide more high-grade security; Improved the coherent uniformity and the effect of inert, and increased inert gas efficient or reduced application cost.It 400 is delivered to the internal atmosphere of container 100 through induction system 200 somewhere above melt interface with whole inert product from the source.
Said system is effectively for vaporous cryogen 500B being imported container 100, and vaporous cryogen is fully used, and uses it to come reinforcement expanding gas 600.In traditional system, because flashing loss (flash loss), the inert cryogen of the 3-15% that jet pipe is terminal is wasted.Native system is through utilize vaporous cryogen 500B, it is avoided these losses with mode (with certain speed and a certain amount of) the importing container 100 that can reduce and/or avoid flashing loss as far as possible fully.
Although described the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiment, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that spirit and the scope that to make various changes and improvement to this and not break away from invention.For example, cover cap 230 can have arbitrary dimension and the shape that is suitable for its said purpose (two-phase flow is imported container), and can be according to such as factors such as manufacturing cost, manufacturing approach and application site parameters and correct.In addition; Metal 300 need be inflated the surface area that gas 600 is protected in the container 100 although flow depends primarily on; But also can use secondary cause to confirm the flow of liquid refrigerant, the activity of for example protected alloy or metal, the existence of aerating system and intensity and end user are for the quality requirement of production metal.In addition,, be to be understood that also and can on jet pipe 210, connect multiple source 400, comprise mixture so that polytype inert cryogen to be provided to container although only show the single source 400 of inert cryogen.
In addition, said system and method can comprise controller and/or the sensor that any one or more is suitable, so that help monitoring and controlling between the loading period in heating furnace various running parameters.Also one or more appropriate sensor and relevant device can be set so that preferably measure and monitor the concentration of all gases in the position on next-door neighbour's charging surface.In addition, when container 100 was induction furnace, induction furnace can comprise that any right quantity and sensors of various types are with nitrogen in the monitoring stove and/or in other temperature of other gas, pressure, flow and the concentration or multinomial arbitrarily.
Should be appreciated that term as used herein as " top ", " end ", " preceding ", " back ", " side ", " highly ", " length ", " width ", " on ", D score, " interior ", " outward " etc. only described datum mark but not the present invention be limited to the orientation or the configuration of any specific.Therefore, the invention is intended to contain, as long as they all are in the scope of accompanying claims and equivalent thereof to various improvement of the present invention and modification.
Claims (6)
1. method that is used to reduce the oxidation of motlten metal, this method may further comprise the steps:
(a) in container (100), form motlten metal, said container comprises diapire (105), sidewall (110) and opening (115), and said motlten metal (300) has the exposed surface that is limited with surface area;
(b) produce the two-phase inert cryogen that comprises fluid stream component (500A) and steam flow component (500B);
(c) utilize two-phase inert cryogen induction system (200) towards said delivery of molten metal two-phase inert cryogen, make said fluid stream component (500A) be directed into and contact the expanding volume of gas (600) that has an expansion rate with generation with said motlten metal (300); And
(d) guide said steam flow component to get in the said container (100) downwards towards said expanding volume of gas (600), said method is characterised in that:
Said step (c) comprises that contiguous said sidewall (110) guides said fluid stream component (500A); Make said fluid stream component (500A) contact said motlten metal (300) in the position of contiguous said sidewall (110) and form the pond of concentrating of liquid refrigerant with position at the said sidewall of said vicinity, and
Said step (d) comprises that the said steam flow component of downward guiding (500B) gets in the said container (100) to suppress the expansion rate of said gas volume (600).
2. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises can produce the flow guiding two-phase inert cryogen stream with the expanding volume of gas of the basic co-extensive of exposed surface of said motlten metal.
3. method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, said flow based on the surface area of said motlten metal at 0.14g/cm
2To 0.35g/cm
2Scope in.
4. like each described method in the claim 1 to 3; It is characterized in that; Said motlten metal is curved moon portion (310) of lobed central authorities and the roughly meniscus shape of moon portion (320) is bent at low edge, and said step (c) comprises that step (c.1) guides said fluid stream component (500A) to contact with said low curved moon portion (320).
5. like each described method in the claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, keep the flow of said inert cryogen, make flow of liquid concentrate on than in the little zone of the total surface area of said motlten metal exposed surface.
6. like each described method in the claim 1 to 3; It is characterized in that, said step (b) produce said two-phase inert cryogen comprise step (b.1) from a source (400) the guiding liquids inert cryogen through diffuser (220) so that said fluid stream component (500A) is separated with said steam flow component (500B).
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US83977606P | 2006-08-23 | 2006-08-23 | |
| US60/839,776 | 2006-08-23 | ||
| US11/829,115 US20080184848A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2007-07-27 | Vapor-Reinforced Expanding Volume of Gas to Minimize the Contamination of Products Treated in a Melting Furnace |
| US11/829,115 | 2007-07-27 | ||
| PCT/IB2007/002353 WO2008023229A1 (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2007-08-15 | Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101516547A CN101516547A (en) | 2009-08-26 |
| CN101516547B true CN101516547B (en) | 2012-10-10 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800348484A Active CN101516547B (en) | 2006-08-23 | 2007-08-15 | Vapor-reinforced expanding volume of gas to minimize the contamination of products treated in a melting furnace |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101516547B (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2366454T3 (en) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0300907A1 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-01-25 | Liquid Air Corporation | Process and lance for the production of a bath of molten metal or alloys |
| US4990183A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1991-02-05 | L'air Liquide | Process for producing steel having a low content of nitrogen in a ladle furnace |
-
2007
- 2007-08-15 ES ES07804768T patent/ES2366454T3/en active Active
- 2007-08-15 CN CN2007800348484A patent/CN101516547B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0300907A1 (en) * | 1987-07-24 | 1989-01-25 | Liquid Air Corporation | Process and lance for the production of a bath of molten metal or alloys |
| US4990183A (en) * | 1988-08-29 | 1991-02-05 | L'air Liquide | Process for producing steel having a low content of nitrogen in a ladle furnace |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2366454T3 (en) | 2011-10-20 |
| CN101516547A (en) | 2009-08-26 |
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