CN101515302A - Acoustic design method for road noise barrier - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种道路声屏障声学设计方法,步骤是:1)导入用以表征声屏障所在地形的Cad格式的矢量图或jpg、bmp、tif等格式的栅格图;2)对导入的图形进行校准,以达到图形比例与实际比例一致;3)在导入图形基础上,结合实际情况,绘制道路、地形、房屋、树林、草地等实体,如果是Cad图形,则可采用批量转换功能,完成声学建模基本工作;4)在受保护的敏感点处设置噪声预测点,计算无屏障时的噪声值,确定屏障降噪指标;5)模拟声屏障,调节屏障高度及长度,初步计算满足要求的屏障几何尺寸;6)结合声屏障的几何尺寸,模拟不同结构及吸声系数的屏障,再次计算屏障降噪效果,直至计算出符合要求的声屏障几何尺寸、结构及吸声系数的组合。
A method for acoustic design of road sound barriers, the steps are: 1) importing vector graphics in Cad format or raster images in jpg, bmp, tif and other formats used to characterize the terrain where the sound barrier is located; 2) calibrating the imported graphics, 3) On the basis of imported graphics, combined with the actual situation, draw entities such as roads, terrain, houses, woods, grassland, etc. If it is a CAD graphic, you can use the batch conversion function to complete the acoustic modeling Basic work; 4) Set noise prediction points at the protected sensitive points, calculate the noise value without barriers, and determine the barrier noise reduction index; 5) Simulate the sound barrier, adjust the height and length of the barrier, and preliminarily calculate the barrier geometry that meets the requirements Size; 6) Combined with the geometric dimensions of the sound barrier, simulate barriers with different structures and sound absorption coefficients, and calculate the noise reduction effect of the barrier again until the combination of geometric dimensions, structures and sound absorption coefficients that meets the requirements is calculated.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明涉及道路交通噪声治理技术,尤其是一种道路声屏障声学设计方法,属环保工程领域。The invention relates to road traffic noise control technology, in particular to an acoustic design method for road sound barriers, which belongs to the field of environmental protection engineering.
背景技术 Background technique
现代城市的公路密集和网络化的形成,既给现代人类带来交通的便利和经济的繁荣,也给我们带来噪声污染的危害。因此,随着人类环保意识的日益提高,对于降低城市道路噪声污染的要求越来越高,对于能降低城市道路噪声的声屏障也逐渐引起相关技术行业的重视。The formation of dense and networked roads in modern cities not only brings convenience to transportation and economic prosperity to modern humans, but also brings us harm from noise pollution. Therefore, with the increasing awareness of human environmental protection, the requirements for reducing urban road noise pollution are getting higher and higher, and the sound barriers that can reduce urban road noise have gradually attracted the attention of related technology industries.
目前关于声屏障的设计方法有不少,特别是随着计算机技术的推广使用,有关这一技术领域的设计方法也越来越依赖于计算机完成。国际上比较著名的有:德国Braunstein+Berndt公司的Soundpan,丹麦B&K公司的Lima和美国的Stamin & Opinion等软件。由于这些软件度是由特殊的操作界面组成、由十分复杂模块组成计算机系统,对于操作人员的专业背景和专业水平有相当高的要求。At present, there are many design methods for sound barriers, especially with the popularization and use of computer technology, the design methods in this technical field are increasingly dependent on computers. Internationally well-known ones include: Soundpan from Braunstein+Berndt in Germany, Lima from B&K in Denmark, and Stamin & Opinion in the United States. Because these software programs are composed of special operation interfaces and computer systems composed of very complex modules, there are quite high requirements for the professional background and professional level of the operators.
中国专利文献中公开了申请号为200410041442.7的“声屏障设计方法”,该方法是利用计算机,通过设计参数的输入完成声屏障高度和长度的理论计算、以及结构形式和材质的选择、声场模拟、声屏障效果预测、风荷载强度校核等过程。同时,该方法软件采用导向式界面,逐步引导操作者输入必要的参数完成各部分设计工作。The "sound barrier design method" with the application number 200410041442.7 is disclosed in the Chinese patent literature. This method is to use a computer to complete the theoretical calculation of the height and length of the sound barrier, as well as the selection of structural form and material, sound field simulation, Sound barrier effect prediction, wind load strength check and other processes. At the same time, the software of this method adopts a guiding interface to gradually guide the operator to input the necessary parameters to complete the design work of each part.
由于该方法涉及的是声屏障设计的大部分过程,对声学设计方法过程阐述较少,在现有的声屏障设计方法中,存在的问题主要有:Since this method involves most of the process of sound barrier design, the process of acoustic design method is less expounded. In the existing sound barrier design method, the main problems are:
1)对复杂条件下的声学建模使用不够准确,不能输入Cad等矢量图形完成声学建模的基本工作,声学模型主要以处理简单地形为主,复杂条件下的则难以处理。1) The use of acoustic modeling under complex conditions is not accurate enough, and vector graphics such as Cad cannot be input to complete the basic work of acoustic modeling. The acoustic model mainly deals with simple terrain, but it is difficult to handle under complex conditions.
2)由于声学建模的不准确导致声屏障降噪效果计算结果不够准确,现有方法都是参照声屏障降噪效果的理论计算公式,不能准确模拟实际的噪声辐射情况。2) Due to the inaccuracy of acoustic modeling, the calculation results of the noise reduction effect of the sound barrier are not accurate enough. The existing methods refer to the theoretical calculation formula of the noise reduction effect of the sound barrier, which cannot accurately simulate the actual noise radiation situation.
3)声屏障降噪效果及计算中,对声屏障结构及材料等因子的具体影响考虑较少。3) In the noise reduction effect and calculation of the sound barrier, the specific influence of factors such as the structure and material of the sound barrier is less considered.
由于上述存在的问题,导致声屏障的声学设计方法既不够完善,也不能针对复杂条件进行有针对性的声学设计,从而导致实际使用中的声屏障降噪效果不能达到理想状态。Due to the above-mentioned problems, the acoustic design method of the sound barrier is not perfect, nor can it carry out targeted acoustic design for complex conditions, which leads to the fact that the noise reduction effect of the sound barrier in actual use cannot reach the ideal state.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的:旨在提出一种新的声屏障设计方法,解决目前声屏障设计中存在的不准确问题,提高声屏障的实际使用效果。The purpose of the present invention is to propose a new sound barrier design method to solve the inaccurate problems existing in the current sound barrier design and improve the actual use effect of the sound barrier.
这种道路声频障声学设计方法,利用计算机处理得到声频障的外形尺寸、结构形式、以及风载强度和材质选取的相关数据,并对数据进行保存和输出,其具体设计方法为:This acoustic design method for road acoustic barriers uses computer processing to obtain relevant data on the external dimensions, structural forms, wind load strength and material selection of the acoustic barrier, and saves and outputs the data. The specific design method is as follows:
(1)导入设计声屏障所在处的经Cad格式处理的矢量图形,或者是jpg、bmp或tif等格式的栅格图形。(1) Import the vector graphics processed in Cad format, or the raster graphics in jpg, bmp or tif format, where the designed sound barrier is located.
(2)对导入图形进行选择,选用Cad格式的矢量图,导入前确定Cad图形的单位比例与实际是否一致,一致时采用默认设置,不一致时采用自定义设置修改比例,通过导入设置菜单可修改Cad各图层属性,将不同图层的物体加以区别;如采用栅格图形导入,则应在导入后通过校准功能完成图形比例调整工作。(2) Select the graphics to be imported, choose the vector graphics in Cad format, and determine whether the unit ratio of the Cad graphics is consistent with the actual situation before importing. If it is consistent, use the default setting, and if it is inconsistent, use custom settings to modify the ratio, which can be modified through the import setting menu The properties of each layer of Cad distinguish the objects of different layers; if raster graphics are used for import, the graphics scale adjustment work should be completed through the calibration function after import.
(3)如导入的为栅格图形,则需结合实际情况,绘制地形、道路、房屋、树林、草地等实体,完成声学建模基本工作。(3) If the imported grid graphics are used, it is necessary to draw entities such as terrain, roads, houses, forests, grasslands, etc. in combination with the actual situation to complete the basic work of acoustic modeling.
(4)在受保护的敏感点处设置噪声预测点,收集并计算无屏障时的噪声值,确定声屏障的降噪指标。(4) Set noise prediction points at the protected sensitive points, collect and calculate the noise value without barrier, and determine the noise reduction index of the sound barrier.
(5)在拟实施声屏障的位置模拟声屏障,调节声屏障高度或长度,初步计算符合预测点降噪指标的声屏障几何尺寸。(5) Simulate the sound barrier at the location where the sound barrier is to be implemented, adjust the height or length of the sound barrier, and preliminarily calculate the geometric size of the sound barrier that meets the noise reduction index of the predicted point.
(6)根据声屏障几何尺寸,模拟直立型、直弧型不同结构屏型及不同吸声材料状态下的屏障吸声系数,再次计算屏障降噪效果,直至计算出符合要求的声屏障几何尺寸、结构及吸声系数的组合。(6) According to the geometric size of the sound barrier, simulate the sound absorption coefficient of the barrier under different structural screen types and different sound-absorbing materials of the vertical type and the straight arc type, and calculate the noise reduction effect of the barrier again until the geometric size of the sound barrier that meets the requirements is calculated , the combination of structure and sound absorption coefficient.
在以Cad矢量图形,则可利用批量转换功能完成声学建模基本工作。In the CAD vector graphics, you can use the batch conversion function to complete the basic work of acoustic modeling.
在计算无屏障时的噪声时,所采用的计算方法为:When calculating the noise without barrier, the calculation method adopted is:
(1)将道路声源以最边两侧的两条车道的中线作为两条线声源,根据预测点与声源之间的距离情况,再将线声源进一步微分为较小的微分区段,以每个微分区段作为点声源参与计算。(1) Take the road sound source as two line sound sources with the midlines of the two lanes on both sides of the farthest side, and further differentiate the line sound source into smaller micro-regions according to the distance between the predicted point and the sound source segment, each differential segment is used as a point sound source to participate in the calculation.
(2)分别计算各微分区段的点声源对预测点的噪声贡献值,计算中根据设置条件考虑声音的几何发散、大气吸收、地面效应及障碍物引起的屏障衰减等因素。(2) Calculate the noise contribution value of the point sound source in each micro-section to the predicted point, and consider the geometric divergence of sound, atmospheric absorption, ground effect and barrier attenuation caused by obstacles in the calculation according to the setting conditions.
(3)叠加所有点声源对预测点的噪声贡献值即为预测点的噪声值。(3) The noise contribution value of all point sound sources to the prediction point is superimposed to be the noise value of the prediction point.
利用上述方法可以解决上述声学设计中存在的不准确问题,同时可计算不同结构及材料构成声屏障的降噪效果。Using the above method can solve the inaccurate problem in the above acoustic design, and at the same time, can calculate the noise reduction effect of the sound barrier composed of different structures and materials.
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为声屏障声学设计流程图;Figure 1 is a flowchart of the acoustic design of the sound barrier;
图2为声学计算原理图。Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the acoustic calculation.
图3-1~3-4为声屏障声学设计模型界面示意图;Figure 3-1~3-4 are schematic diagrams of the interface of the acoustic design model of the sound barrier;
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下给出本发明的具体实施方法,并进一步阐述本发明。The specific implementation method of the present invention is given below, and the present invention is further described.
利用本技术方案介绍的声屏障声学设计方法,采用Visual C++编写软件,具体实施方法阐明如下:Utilize the acoustic design method of the sound barrier introduced in this technical scheme, and use Visual C++ to write the software. The specific implementation method is explained as follows:
1)导入设计声屏障所在处的地形图,一种为Cad格式的矢量图形,一种为jpg、bmp、tif等格式的栅格图形,通过这两种图形的导入,基本可处理实际遇到的所有地形底图。1) Import the topographic map where the designed sound barrier is located, one is vector graphics in Cad format, and the other is raster graphics in jpg, bmp, tif and other formats. By importing these two graphics, it can basically deal with the actual situation. All topographic basemaps for .
2)图形导入后,接下来是对图形进行校准,所谓的校准就是将图形比例与实际比例调整为一致,对于栅格图形,可采用校准功能通过输入校准点完成校准,对于Cad矢量图形,应在导入前在Cad中确定一个长度单位是否是实际的1m,如是则不需校准,如不是则采用变换功能完成校准。2) After the graphic is imported, the next step is to calibrate the graphic. The so-called calibration is to adjust the graphic scale to be consistent with the actual scale. For raster graphics, you can use the calibration function to complete the calibration by inputting calibration points. For Cad vector graphics, you should Before importing, determine in Cad whether a unit of length is the actual 1m, if so, no calibration is required, and if not, the conversion function is used to complete the calibration.
3)图形校准后,接下来就是声学建模工作,主要是完成道路、房屋、树林、草地、地形等的模拟工作。如果是栅格图形,则模拟工作需在栅格图形上绘制上述实体,如是Cad矢量图,可采用批量转换功能完成上述实体的绘制,如cad的road层为道路层,contourline层为等高线层,则可通过批量转换,选择所转换的图层为转换条件,分别将road层和contourline层转换为软件所识别的道路及等高线,完成声学建模工作。3) After graphics calibration, the next step is the acoustic modeling work, mainly to complete the simulation work of roads, houses, woods, grasslands, terrains, etc. If it is a raster graphic, the simulation work needs to draw the above entity on the raster graphic. If it is a CAD vector map, the batch conversion function can be used to complete the drawing of the above entity. For example, the road layer of cad is the road layer, and the contour layer is the contour line layer, you can select the converted layer as the conversion condition through batch conversion, and convert the road layer and contourline layer into roads and contour lines recognized by the software to complete the acoustic modeling work.
4)分别输入实测的道路源强、道路宽度、道路高度等参数,输入树林、草地、地面等吸声因子。在受保护的敏感点处设置噪声预测点,计算无屏障时的噪声值,并通过实测的噪声值微调道路源强及树林、草地或地面等吸声因子,以基本确定二者基本一致。4) Input the measured road source strength, road width, road height and other parameters respectively, and input sound absorption factors such as woods, grassland, and ground. Set noise prediction points at the protected sensitive points, calculate the noise value without barriers, and fine-tune the road source intensity and sound absorption factors such as woods, grassland or ground through the measured noise value to basically confirm that the two are basically consistent.
5)在拟实施声屏障的位置模拟声屏障,调节声屏障高度或长度,初步计算满足预测点符合屏障降噪指标下的声屏障几何尺寸,初步尺寸的确定是为了在此尺寸的基础上选择合适的屏障结构及形式。5) Simulate the sound barrier at the position where the sound barrier is to be implemented, adjust the height or length of the sound barrier, and preliminarily calculate the geometric size of the sound barrier that satisfies the predicted point and meets the noise reduction index of the barrier. The determination of the preliminary size is based on this size. Appropriate barrier structure and form.
6)根据声屏障几何尺寸,模拟直立型、直弧型不同结构屏型及不同吸声材料状态下屏障吸声系数,再次计算屏障降噪效果,直至计算出符合要求的声屏障几何尺寸、结构及吸声系数的组合。6) According to the geometric size of the sound barrier, simulate the sound absorption coefficient of the barrier under different structural screen types and different sound-absorbing materials of upright type and straight arc type, and calculate the noise reduction effect of the barrier again until the geometric size and structure of the sound barrier that meet the requirements are calculated. And the combination of sound absorption coefficient.
在计算无屏障时的噪声预测值时,所采用的计算方法(见图2)为:When calculating the noise prediction value when there is no barrier, the calculation method adopted (see Figure 2) is:
(1)将道路最外侧的两条车道的中线作为两条线声源。(1) Take the centerlines of the two outermost lanes of the road as the two line sound sources.
(2)根据设置的条件,进一步将线声源微分为较小的微分区段,每个微分区段作为点声源参与计算。(2) According to the set conditions, the line sound source is further divided into smaller differential segments, and each differential segment participates in the calculation as a point sound source.
(3)默认条件下,各微分区段的长度不大于微分区段中点至预测点长度与某个常数K的乘积,默认K=0.5,当然,也可以根据设置将该K设置为0.2或0.1倍,K值越小,则微分段越多,计算也越精确,但计算时间也较长。(3) Under default conditions, the length of each micro-segment is not greater than the product of the length from the midpoint of the micro-segment to the predicted point and a certain constant K. The default K=0.5. Of course, this K can also be set to 0.2 or 0.1 times, the smaller the K value, the more micro-segments, the more accurate the calculation, but the calculation time is also longer.
(4)将各微分区段作为点声源,分别计算各点声源对预测点的噪声贡献值,计算中根据设置条件考虑声音的几何发散、大气吸收、地面效应、物体反射及障碍物引起的屏障衰减等因素,计算公式按照GB/T 17247.2-1998(声学户外声传播的衰减第2部分:一般计算方法)中的相关公式执行。(4) Use each micro-section as a point sound source, and calculate the noise contribution value of each point sound source to the predicted point, and consider the geometric divergence of sound, atmospheric absorption, ground effect, object reflection and obstacle caused by the calculation according to the setting conditions Barrier attenuation and other factors, the calculation formula is carried out in accordance with the relevant formula in GB/T 17247.2-1998 (Attenuation of Outdoor Sound Transmission in Acoustics Part 2: General Calculation Method).
(5)叠加所有点声源对预测点的噪声贡献值即为预测点的噪声值。(5) The noise contribution value of all point sound sources to the prediction point is superimposed to be the noise value of the prediction point.
采用本专利提供的声学设计方法,应用于上海外环线一期声屏障设计中,通过将沿线11处声屏障监测的实际降噪效果与采用本专利方法计算的理论降噪效果对比分析表明,二者差别很小,误差在1dB之内。The acoustic design method provided by this patent is applied to the sound barrier design of the first phase of the Shanghai Outer Ring Road. By comparing the actual noise reduction effect of 11 sound barrier monitoring along the line with the theoretical noise reduction effect calculated by this patent method, it shows that the two The difference is very small, the error is within 1dB.
总体而言,尽管上海外环线具有路幅宽、车速快、流量大、大型车比例高、沿线噪声污染严重等特点,但采用本专利提供的声学设计方法应用于外环线声屏障设计实例,依然达到了预期的降噪效果,沿线敏感点声环境也得到较大改善,从增加土地利用、房产升值、改善民生、创造和谐社会等方面,采用本声学设计方法设计的外环线声屏障意义重大,同时也表明该方法完全可应用于任何道路的声屏障声学设计中。In general, although the Shanghai Outer Ring Road has the characteristics of wide road width, fast vehicle speed, large flow rate, high proportion of large vehicles, and serious noise pollution along the line, the acoustic design method provided by this patent is applied to the sound barrier design example of the Outer Ring Road. The expected noise reduction effect has been achieved, and the acoustic environment of sensitive points along the line has also been greatly improved. From the aspects of increasing land use, real estate appreciation, improving people's livelihood, and creating a harmonious society, the sound barrier of the outer ring line designed by this acoustic design method is of great significance. It also shows that this method can be applied to the acoustic design of any road's sound barrier.
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