CN101514142B - Self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor - Google Patents
Self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101514142B CN101514142B CN200910025883A CN200910025883A CN101514142B CN 101514142 B CN101514142 B CN 101514142B CN 200910025883 A CN200910025883 A CN 200910025883A CN 200910025883 A CN200910025883 A CN 200910025883A CN 101514142 B CN101514142 B CN 101514142B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor which comprises a high-pressure upper channel box, a low-pressure casing and a casing lower end enclosure which are welded as a whole. A gas inlet pipe penetrates through the high-pressure upper channel box to enter into the high-pressure upper channel box. The end of the gas inlet pipe is equipped with a gas distributer. An upper tube plate and a lower tube plate are respectively installed at the upper and lower sides in the low-pressure casing. A plurality of reaction tubes are installed between the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate. An internal high-pressure end enclosure is installed on the lower tube plate. A high-temperature gas eduction tube is welded at the bottom of the internal high-pressure end enclosure and extends outside the casing lower end enclosure. The upper tube plate is connected with the low-pressure casing fixedly. The lower tube plate is matched with the low-pressure casing by clearance that is equivalent to assemble the lower tube plate and the internal high-pressure enc enclosure as a floating head, and the floating head can move freely towards the low-pressure casing. The reaction tubes and the casing are not connected fixedly, and heat expansion is eliminated, so that the potential safety hazard that the welding line of the tube plates and the casing is ripped does not exist.
Description
Technical field:
The invention belongs to mechanical field, be specifically related to be used for the employed synthesis reactor of strong heat release isothermal reaction of chemical industry, petrochemical industry and other engineering, the synthetic tower of especially suitable methyl alcohol building-up reactions.
Background technology:
Present known strong heat release isothermal reaction, more use shell and tube-type reactor.Its substruction is: two blocks of stationary tubesheets are set up and down in reactor shell, and reaction tubes and housing weld with tube sheet simultaneously; Catalyzer places in the reaction tubes, relies on the boiling of the outer water of pipe (or liquid) to remove reaction heat.This kind structure is owing to exist thermal expansion force between reaction tubes and housing, the time regular meeting's generating pipe plate and housing weld seam by the phenomenon of drawing crack, serious threat is to production and personnel safety.
In order to reduce the destruction of thermal expansion force to equipment, the tube length of reaction tube of shell and tube-type reactor is shorter mostly, generally is controlled at 6～7m, and requires the linear expansivity of reaction tubes and shell material close.The tube and shell type methanol synthesis converter reaction tubes material that domestic methyl alcohol, synthetic ammonia industry are introduced the technology manufacturing of German LURGI is 2205 (duplex stainless steels), and shell material is 13MnNiMoNbR.So not only make the manufacturing cost of equipment high, the equipment of identical production capacity is because the restricted volume of tube length of reaction tube is huge, and influences the raising of transformation efficiency in the production process, reduced energy-saving effect.
In addition; The synthetic tower that solid materials is housed is being cleared up or material when changing, how material being drawn off is a bigger problem, particularly contains in poisonous, harmful material or the equipment material quantity at equipment and reaches dress material space more greatly when narrow especially; Next is to adopt vacuum suck for normal conditions; The 2nd, adopt manual type, preceding kind of mode is time-consuming, and a kind of efficient in back and security are all relatively poor.
In order to change this situation, need to adopt detachable dumping device, the employing welded type is arranged in present dumping device; Promptly closure part is severed at every turn; Weld during filling, this mode is trouble again, and is simultaneously infeasible when equipment contains flammable and explosive substance; Form adopts helicitic texture basically in addition, or the bolt form, and this structure formation is comparatively simple, but uses under the high temperature occasion like equipment, and often helicitic texture can be killed.
Summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is exactly in order to address the above problem, and a kind of self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor of high efficiency, low cost is provided, and it has overcome tube sheet and the housing weld seam is prone to by the defective of drawing crack.
A kind of self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor of the present invention; Comprise that mainly end socket, upper tubesheet, lower tubesheet, inside in the low pressure body skin, body skin lower cover, high-temperature gas fairlead, high pressure upper tube box, high pressure is equipped with reaction tubes, gas distributor and the gas inlet tube of catalyzer; Its mesohigh upper tube box, low pressure body skin and body skin lower cover are welded as a whole; Gas inlet tube passes the high pressure upper tube box and gets into its inside; At the gas feed tube end gas distributor is installed, upper tubesheet and lower tubesheet are installed in both sides up and down, low pressure body skin inside respectively, and many reaction tubess are installed between upper tubesheet and the lower tubesheet; End socket is installed on the lower tubesheet in the high pressure; The high-temperature gas fairlead is welded on high pressure interior end socket bottom and extends the body skin lower cover, and it is characterized in that: said upper tubesheet is fixedly connected with the low pressure body skin, running fit between lower tubesheet and the low pressure body skin; Be equivalent to like this end socket in lower tubesheet and the high pressure is formed " floating head ", this floating head can move freely by the relatively low pressure body skin.
Adopt running fit between high-temperature gas fairlead and the body skin lower cover, can relatively move between the two, and seal with lock packing.The extension of high-temperature gas fairlead is equipped with expansion joint.
In high pressure upper tube box outside the discharging hand hole that is communicated with inside is housed, is convenient for changing the catalyzer in the high pressure upper tube box.
The loading and unloading of material for ease; A kind of material dumping device can also be installed in the end socket in high pressure, and this material dumping device comprises the cylindrical shell of shell ring, supporting cup, Ha Fuquan, upper end closed, and said shell ring is installed in the discharge opening top of end socket bottom in the high pressure; Supporting cup is installed in the shell ring upper surface; Ha Fuquan puts into the groove of supporting cup, and the groove of Ha Fuquan is inserted in the cylindrical shell lower edge, on cylinder lateral wall, is provided with a plurality of openings and corresponding opening and closing device.This material dumping device does not receive the restriction of device structure pattern and use occasion, loads and unloads very conveniently, does not destroy any component, and can repeat repeatedly to use.
Above-mentioned opening and closing device comprises an ear assembly, web plate, cover plate, limiting plate and support ring; Said axle ear assembly is arranged on the cylinder lateral wall and is positioned at the opening below; Cover plate is installed on the ear assembly through web plate; And corresponding realization with opening opens and closes, and the limiting plate that is used to place support ring is fixed on the cover plate outside wall surface, and is when support ring is put into the groove of limiting plate and cover plate formation that cover plate is locked.
In order to improve the shell ring rigidity, can a plurality of support cones of radial installation between the end socket bottom in shell ring and high pressure.
The present invention has the following advantages:
(1) because refrigerant (water) can triflux (heat transfer) reaction tubes outside, so fabulous temp effect such as grade is arranged.
(2) catalyzer or the protective material of upper tube box filling can draw off independent replacing through three hand holes that are provided with are all or part of.
(3) owing to be not fixedly connected between reaction tubes and housing, eliminated thermal expansion force, so there is not the potential safety hazard of tube sheet and the drawing crack of housing weld seam; Reaction tubes and shell material need not to have saved a large amount of noble metals with import or homemade duplex stainless steel, have reduced equipment manufacturing cost; The length of reaction tubes can extend according to the needs of reaction kinetics, thereby transformation efficiency is improved, and the device diameters of identical production capacity reduces.The difficult problem of large-scale reactor drum transportation is able to alleviate.
(4) reaction tubes of the present invention can freely stretch in housing, " energy-saving and emission-reduction " technological transformation of the methyl alcohol of domestic low middling scale preferably, synthetic ammonia installation.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing at I place among Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the partial enlarged drawing at II place among Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of material dumping device,
Fig. 5 is the A part partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 4,
Fig. 6 is that the B of Fig. 5 is to view.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1; Self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor of the present invention; Comprise that mainly end socket 7, upper tubesheet 8, lower tubesheet 9, inside in the low pressure body skin 1, body skin lower cover 2, high-temperature gas fairlead 3, high pressure upper tube box 5, high pressure is equipped with reaction tubes 11, gas distributor 12 and the gas inlet tube 13 of catalyzer; Its mesohigh upper tube box 5, low pressure body skin 1 and body skin lower cover 2 are welded as a whole; Gas inlet tube 13 passes high pressure upper tube box 5 and gets into its inside, and gas distributor 12 is installed in gas inlet tube 13 ends, and upper tubesheet 8 is installed in low pressure body skin 1 inner both sides up and down respectively with lower tubesheet 9; Upper tubesheet 8 is fixedly connected with low pressure body skin 1, running fit between lower tubesheet 9 and the low pressure body skin 1.Many reaction tubess 11 are installed between upper tubesheet 8 and the lower tubesheet 9, are equipped with in high pressure upper tube box 5 outsides to be communicated with inner discharging hand hole 6; End socket 7 is installed on the lower tubesheet 9 in the high pressure; High-temperature gas fairlead 3 is welded on interior end socket 7 bottoms of high pressure and extends body skin lower cover 2; Adopt running fit (Fig. 2) between high-temperature gas fairlead 3 and the body skin lower cover 2; Can relatively move between the two, and seal with lock packing.The extension of high-temperature gas fairlead 3 also is equipped with expansion joint 4 (Fig. 3); Material dumping device 10 is installed in the end socket 7 in high pressure; Can change the catalyzer in the reaction tubes 11 easily through material dumping device 10, be provided with water inlet pipe 14 in the bottom of body skin lower cover 2.
Basic functional principle of the present invention: catalyzer is packed in the reaction tubes 11; The outer water (or liquid) that is full of of pipe; Unreacted gas gets into high pressure upper tube box 5 from inlet pipe 13, through gas distributor 12 uniformly with gas distribution to catalyst coating and get into reaction tubes, gas in through the process of reaction tubes catalyzer, react liberated heat managed outside the water absorption; Attach the steam of product and draw through steam fairlead 15, reacted gas is then led to outside the reactor drum by high-temperature gas fairlead 3.Between reaction tubes and the low pressure body skin 1, the relative displacement that produces because of heat expansion is passed to the high-temperature gas fairlead through " floating head ", by the fairlead bellow expansion joint that is provided with 4 compensation; The displacement of high-temperature gas fairlead is then compensated by the reactor drum Outer Tube.So just eliminated the thermal expansion force that exists between conventional tube shell-type reactor reaction pipe and housing.
Like Fig. 4-shown in Figure 6; Material dumping device 10 mainly comprises shell ring 22, supporting cup 23, breathes out the cylindrical shell 25 of furan circle 24, upper end closed, supports cone 26; Wherein shell ring 22 is installed in the discharge opening top of end socket 7 bottoms in the high pressure, and radial installation is a plurality of between the end socket 7 in shell ring 22 and high pressure is used to improve shell ring 22 inflexible support cone 26.Supporting cup 23 is installed in shell ring 22 upper surfaces, breathes out the groove that furan circle 24 is put into supporting cup 23, and the groove of breathing out furan circle 24 is inserted in cylindrical shell 25 lower edges, on cylindrical shell 25 sidewalls, is provided with a plurality of openings and corresponding opening and closing device.
Opening and closing device comprises an ear assembly 27, web plate 28, cover plate 29, limiting plate 30 and support ring 31; Its axis ear assembly 27 is arranged on cylindrical shell 25 sidewalls and is positioned at the opening below; Cover plate 29 is installed on the ear assembly 27 through web plate 28; And corresponding realization with opening opens and closes, and the limiting plate 30 that is used to place support ring 31 is fixed on cover plate 29 outside wall surface, and is when support ring 31 is put into the groove of limiting plate and cover plate formation that cover plate 29 is locked.
The principle of work of material dumping device 10 is: during device fabrication with shell ring 22 and supporting cup 23 with support in cone 26 and the high pressure 7 groups of end sockets to good; Before material is loaded, cylindrical shell 25 is sent into device interior; To breathe out the groove that furan circle 24 is put into supporting cup 23 then; Put cylindrical shell 25 lower edges of again front being put into after safe and insert and breathe out the furan further groove, simultaneously with cylindrical shell 25 centerings.Support ring 31 is introduced in the cylindrical shell 25, again cover plate 29 is put into the opening of cylindrical shell 25, and limiting plate 30 is on the same circumference, then support ring 31 is put into limiting plate, at last axle ear assembly is installed.Can in equipment, load material after installing; To at first axle ear assembly 27 be unloaded when drawing off in the equipment material, and with support ring 31 jack-up upwards, because of the action of gravity of material cover plate backed down then, material draws off naturally.
The invention provides the self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor thinking; Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; Can also make some improvement and variation, these improvement and variation also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor; Comprise that mainly end socket (7), upper tubesheet (8), lower tubesheet (9), inside in the low pressure body skin (1), body skin lower cover (2), high-temperature gas fairlead (3), high pressure upper tube box (5), high pressure is equipped with reaction tubes (11), gas distributor (12) and the gas inlet tube (13) of catalyzer; Its mesohigh upper tube box (5), low pressure body skin (1) and body skin lower cover (2) are welded as a whole; Gas inlet tube (13) passes high pressure upper tube box (5) and gets into its inside; Gas distributor (12) is installed in gas inlet tube (13) end; Upper tubesheet (8) and lower tubesheet (9) are installed in the inner both sides up and down of low pressure body skin (1) respectively; Many reaction tubess (11) are installed between upper tubesheet (8) and the lower tubesheet (9), and end socket (7) is installed on the lower tubesheet (9) in the high pressure, and high-temperature gas fairlead (3) is welded on high pressure interior end socket (7) bottom and extends body skin lower cover (2); It is characterized in that: said upper tubesheet (8) is fixedly connected with low pressure body skin (1), running fit between lower tubesheet (9) and the low pressure body skin (1); Material dumping device (10) is installed in the end socket in high pressure (7); The material dumping device comprises the cylindrical shell (25) of shell ring (22), supporting cup (23), Ha Fuquan (24), upper end closed; Said shell ring (22) is installed in the discharge opening top of end socket (7) bottom in the high pressure; Supporting cup (23) is installed in shell ring (22) upper surface; Ha Fuquan (24) puts into the groove of supporting cup (23), and the groove of Ha Fuquan (24) is inserted in cylindrical shell (25) lower edge, on cylindrical shell (25) sidewall, is provided with a plurality of openings and corresponding opening and closing device.
2. self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: opening and closing device comprises an ear assembly (27), web plate (28), cover plate (29), limiting plate (30) and support ring (31); Said axle ear assembly (27) is arranged on cylindrical shell (25) sidewall and is positioned at the opening below; Cover plate (29) is installed on the ear assembly (27) through web plate (28); And corresponding realization switching with opening, the limiting plate (30) that is used to place support ring (31) is fixed on cover plate (29) outside wall surface, and is when support ring (31) is put into the groove of limiting plate and cover plate formation that cover plate (29) is locked.
3. self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor according to claim 1,, it is characterized in that: radial installation is a plurality of between the end socket (7) in shell ring (22) and high pressure is used to improve shell ring (22) inflexible and supports cone (26).
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN200910025883A CN101514142B (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2009-03-12 | Self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor |
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| CN200910025883A CN101514142B (en) | 2009-03-12 | 2009-03-12 | Self-unloading floating head isothermal reaction methanol synthesis reactor |
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| CN101514142B true CN101514142B (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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| CN102012293A (en) * | 2010-11-02 | 2011-04-13 | 北京航空航天大学 | N2O micro thruster experiment device |
| CN103111239B (en) * | 2011-11-16 | 2015-09-30 | 西安核设备有限公司 | A kind of air cooling methanol reactor |
| CN105967976A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-09-28 | 山西阳煤化工机械（集团）有限公司 | Methanol synthetic tower with high efficiency and high pressure |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN201309898Y (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-09-16 | 南京昊安科技工程有限公司 | Floating-head type isothermal reaction methyl alcohol synthetic reactor |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN201309898Y (en) * | 2008-11-27 | 2009-09-16 | 南京昊安科技工程有限公司 | Floating-head type isothermal reaction methyl alcohol synthetic reactor |
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