The approach that improves crop yield has two, i.e. endexoteric, and internal cause refers to select improved seeds, and external cause mainly refers to fertilising.Crop growth not only needs major element nitrogen phosphorus potassium, also needs various trace elements simultaneously, major element and micro-no less important and indispensable.Trace element directly acts on farm crop ground respiration, photosynthesis, and carbohydrate ground turns round and assimilation, and output was restricted when farm crop lacked trace element, excessively used micro-output and was suppressed.
Known one, know that through the detection that farm crop were done the crop growth trace elements necessary has 6 kinds, the title of these 6 kinds of trace elements and the normal contents in higher plant (farm crop) thereof see Table one.
Essential title and the normal contents thereof that gets secondary element of (table one) higher plant (farm crop)
The trace element title |
Molybdenum (Mo) |
Copper (Cu) |
Zinc (Zn) |
B (seeing table formula down for details) |
0.00001% |
0.0006% |
0.002% |
The raw material of trace element can be provided |
Molybdenum glance MoS
2, peat soil and saprolite molybdenum content are higher
|
Copper glance Cn
2S, the copper mine Cu of class
5FeS
4, ruby copper Cu
2O
|
Zinc ore ZnO zinc sulphide ZnS |
Continuous table
The trace element title |
Manganese (Mn) |
Iron (Fe) |
Boron (B) |
B (seeing table formula down for details) |
0.005% |
0.01% |
0.002% |
The raw material of trace element can be provided |
Pyrolusite MnO
2, todorokite Mn
7O
13·5H
2O
|
Magnet sand Fe
2O
3, red iron sand Fe
2O
3 |
Boron magnesia 2MgB
2O
3·H
2O
|
Be numerical value in the table.
Plant overall picture: the general name of root, stem, leaf, flowers and fruits (in dry matter weight).
Known two, certain micro-amount in the soil of arable land is called this micro-full dose, comprises three kinds of insoluble, indissoluble and easily molten states existence in the full dose.Can be by giving property of the title of plant absorbing (cry again and can give amount), trace element can be subjected to soil ph to property in the soil, redox potential, accumulated water, adsorption phenomena, the effect of microbial activities changes according to certain rules, the quantity of 6 kinds of trace elements listing is in Table 1 chemically examined from farm crop and is detected, the quantity of giving property of promptly ploughing and being siphoned away by farm crop in the soil, for keeping the former state of nature of chemical constitution in the soil of arable land, will replenish the Geied amount of 6 kinds of ecosystem mineral that contain 6 kinds of trace elements, replenish the quantity of giving property that farm crop siphon away from the soil of ploughing.Because being far longer than, full dose can give amount, the amount that applies in the soil of arable land by the present invention is a full dose, so full dose is from year to year replenished, the mineral that contain 6 kinds of trace elements in the soil of arable land increase with full dose, and what comprise in full dose is insoluble, and three kinds of states with easily molten of indissoluble are variable, so after using 2 years, will detect every year to the soil of ploughing, be when the compound method of the trace element after 2 years, the quantity that needs of trace element is increased and decreased.Giving property and full dose will be as the criterion by detecting on the spot, and the giving property of boron is about with the ratio of full dose: 1:10, the giving property and the ratio of full dose of other 5 kinds of trace elements generally is less than the ratio of boron.In order to increase the giving property of other 5 kinds of trace elements, can carry out the weak acid processing to the raw material of other 5 kinds of trace elements, when handling, the pH value is controlled at 6-6.5, and promptly in alkaline soils, pH is 6, and pH is 6.5 in acid soil.
Known three, organic originally is exactly the indispensable integral part in the soil of ploughing, be the carrier that microorganism survives in the soil of arable land, the soil of can avoiding ploughing hardens, and is organic under action of microorganisms, be decomposed into fulvic acid and (be dissolved in acid, also be dissolved in alkali), humic acid (being dissolved in alkali) and humin, the polymkeric substance that formed product of this Biochemical processes and secondary combined reaction form, the two is combined closely, and the crop absorption trace element is played significant role.But the organic content in the soil of arable land is not that multiaction is big more more, and is wherein obvious to the reaction of copper, after testing with 5-7% (referring to pure organic matter).
Organic matter material has the movement of plant residue and people, animal, but old storehouse down soil, the underground soil of corral can not use as organic matter separately, because of lacking trace element.The quantity of 6 kinds of trace elements that contain in the movement of animal is listed in table two after testing, when the preparation trace element, can be used as reference.
In the movement of people, animal, often contain worm's ovum and harmful bacterium, before preparation, will do harmless treatment.When doing to concentrate fermentation, can play the harmless treatment effect.
Micronutrient levels in (table two) animal excrements (ppm of unit)
Known four, there is antagonism between each element and promotes relation.
Antagonism relation: supply with when excessive when nitrogen, zinc deficiency symptom increases the weight of gradually, during excessive nitrogen fertilizer application, can increase the weight of scarce copper degree on the soil of scarces copper arable land; When using phosphate fertilizer, cause farm crop to lack copper and iron deficiency symptom when excessive.This just require strict by economize the clay fertilizer station to nitrogen phosphorus potassium prescription requirement use, arbitrarily do not increase the nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer amount of application.
Promote relation: fertilizer efficiency increases when using the fertilizer that contains molybdenum and phosphoric simultaneously, far surpasses independent application effect, between boron calcium substantial connection is arranged, and supplies with when calcium and increases, and the boron requirement also increases.
Known five: the humans and animals essential trace element has 4 kinds, and these 4 kinds of trace elements still do not have final conclusion at present to the effect of farm crop, but is essential to the health of people, animal.Humans and animals is supplied with nutrition by farm crop, but the content of elements in the fertilizer can not be a standard with the humans and animals requirement, and will be the standard preparation with the farm crop normal contents.
(table three) people, 4 kinds of essential micro-titles of animal reach the normal contents in farm crop
The trace element title |
Cobalt (Co) |
Selenium (Se) |
Iodine (I) |
Titanium (Ti) |
Normal contents in farm crop |
0.02-0.5 |
0.05-1.5 |
0.037 |
1.0 |
Can supply with the raw material of trace element |
Cobalt mine tailing content 138-228 phosphoric acid salt 1-1000 mud 0.5-8.5 |
Calcium superphosphate 4.2-8.0 phosphorus potash fertilizer 3.6-5.5 |
Peat 1.2-317 farm crop can be from a small amount of iodine of absorption of air.The full dose of iodine with can be more or less the same to amount. |
Phosphate fertilizer content is very high |
Annotate: go up in the table, the normal contents in farm crop, with the material dry weight basis, unit is ppm.
Known six, rare earth element: now from farm crop, detected and contained rare earth element, the normal contents of these rare earth elements in farm crop is 0.002-0.057ppm (in the material dry weight), growth to farm crop is useful on evidence, but content is very low, and the farm crop of still can not saying so at present are necessary.
These rare earth elements mainly contain lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), yttrium (Y) etc.In phosphate fertilizer, contain the higher amount rare earth element.
(more than be selected from first version " trace element agrochemistry " in August, 1991, Beijing agricultural press, " soil ulmin and soil form " in February, 1987 first version, agriculture press, " borax production technique handbook).
The present situation of present agricultural fertilizer.
Be in the natural circulation state at the age of applications of farmyard manure, the trace element in the soil of arable land.Over nearly 50 years, most of arable land changes uses n p k fertilizer.In nitrogenous fertilizer urea (45-0-0), content of elements (ppm of unit) zinc is 2.4, copper is 0.6, manganese is 0.5, boron is 1.0, molybdenum is 0.53, iron is zero; In phosphate fertilizer diammonium phosphate (Ioaho), trace element, zinc are 715.0, copper is 2.7, manganese is 195.0, the ferro-boron molybdenum all is zero.These trace element, quantity not sufficient, kinds that are entrained in the n p k fertilizer are incomplete.Over 50 years, farm crop have siphoned away a large amount of trace elements and can not get replenishing from the soil of ploughing, and original state of nature of chemical constitution is destroyed in the soil of arable land, and its serious consequence slowly can display.
In order to keep the farm crop normal growth, various micro-chemical fertilizer have appearred now on the market, as manganese fertilizer, boron fertilizer, zinc fertilizer etc., these micro-chemical fertilizer, how the price height is used to be stained with root, seed soaking, spray pattern, the result be fertilizer efficiency period short, use inequality.If these chemistry of the micro-over-all application that is lacked are special-purpose fertile, too high because of cost, compare with the price of crop products on the market, just lost its practicality.
Task of the present invention is to provide a kind of production technique easy, the compound method of the trace elements in compound fertilizers that cost is low, to replenish the 6 kinds of essential trace elements of farm crop that in the soil of arable land, siphoned away over 50 years by farm crop, 4 kinds of trace elements and the rare earth element useful that humans and animals is essential to farm crop, reach the state of nature of recovering original environment of chemical constitution in the soil of arable land, keep the farm crop normal growth, steadily volume increase every year.So the present invention is the invention of ploughing native environmental protection and guaranteeing to improve crop yield.
Product of the present invention is made up of following three parts: promptly one, the preparation of major element nitrogen phosphorus potassium; Two, Wei Liangyuansu preparation; Three, You Jizhi preparation.Wherein two, comprise the preparation of 6 kinds of trace elements that the first crop growth is essential; Second, the preparation of 4 kinds of trace elements that humans and animals health is essential; The preparation of the rare earth element that the third pair of crop growth is useful.
One, the preparation of major element nitrogen phosphorus potassium will be by legal being prepared by clay fertilizer station, each province of country, and dosage does not concern because of there are antagonism in nitrogen, phosphoric and part trace element, to avoid limiting the property of giving of trace element.
Two, first, the preparation of 6 kinds of trace elements that crop growth is essential.
1.6 plant the title of trace element and the quantity that each is micro-, normal contents by the essential trace element of higher plant (farm crop), be that molybdenum (Mo) accounts for 0.00001%, copper (Cu) accounts for 0.0006%, zinc (Zn) accounts for 0.002%, manganese (Mn) accounts for 0.005%, iron (Fe) accounts for 0.01%, boron (B) accounts for 0.002%, as the basis of 6 kinds of essential micro-compound methods of crop growth.
2. the selection of raw material:
The principle of A, selection: according to nearby, content height (, preferentially high), the three principles selection usefulness that contains hazardous substance low to give property at the full dose height and to property senior middle school.
B, raw material that can selection for reference: molybdenum (Mo) is selected molybdenum glance (MoS
2), copper (Cu) selects copper glance (Cu
2O), zinc (Zn) selects zinc ore (ZnO), manganese (Mn) to select pyrolusite (MnO
2), iron (Fe) select magnet ore deposit (Fe
2O
3), boron (B) selects boron magnesium ore deposit (2MgB
2O
3).
3. the evaluation method during preparation of raw material is for example:
Example one, the estimation of molybdenum: the legal molybdenum ore mining grade of country is 0.4%, after this example adopts the abandoned mine that does not reach the grade regulation, grade is 0.2%, useless molybdenum ore (or molybdenum ore) is worn into through fragmentation and is given property and full molybdenum than by 10% after planar, every mu of arable land farm crop dry matter weight is on average by 1200kg (overall picture), adopt the normal contents of higher plant (farm crop) essential trace element, be that ratio that quantity that every batch of farm crop siphon away from the soil of ploughing accounts for the farm crop dry substance mixture is 0.00001% to calculate, the chemical fertilizer amount is used by 50kg in every mu of ground, and the molybdenum ore weight that contains grade 0.2% in the chemical fertilizer of the present invention per ton equals 1200kg (every mu of farm crop overall picture dry biomass) * 0.00001% (50 be 1000kg for per ton for every mu of arable land rate of fertilizer application 1000) and equals 12kg (being that chemical fertilizer of the present invention per ton will add the powder face that the 12kg grade is the ettle of 0.2 molybdenum).
Example two: the calculating of boron: every batch of farm crop dry-matter (overall picture) estimated weight is a 1200kg/ mu, the legal crude boron stone mining grade 12% of country, the grade that this employing does not reach the useless crude boron stone of mining grade requirement is 10%, boron accounts for 0.002% of farm crop (overall picture) dry matter weight, useless crude boron stone through fragmentation wear into after planar to give property and full boron content ratio be 10%, every mu of fertilising 50kg, in the product then of the present invention, the boron ettle that contains per ton (grade by 10% calculate) weight equals 1200kg * 0.002% ÷, 10% ÷, 10% ÷ 50/1000 and equals 48kg (be chemical fertilizer of the present invention per ton, add grade and be 10% boron abandoned mine stone flour face is 48kg).
More than two routine evaluation methods for example, this estimation differs very little with the result who calculates by following actual formula, but to the estimation of molybdenum and boron, feel for the seller intuitively.
The trace no plain compound method calculation formula, establish:
The weight (kg) that contains certain micro-ore or ettle in the M=product of the present invention per ton.
Every batch of farm crop dry-matter of a=(overall picture) gross weight/mu is by 1200kg/ mu (or by quantity of goods produced).
C=is by the ore grade (or by detecting ore or ettle grade) of national regulation.
D=wears into can as giving property too low after acidification, calculating by the detected value after handling to property chemical examination detected value/full dose check measured value of ore (or ettle) after planar through fragmentation, and the ratio of boron ore powder face (magnesium borate ore) is 10%.
The rate of fertilizer application in every mu of arable land of e=can be by 50kg, or calculates by real.
f
1Content of elements in the=organic plant residue (can or estimate content of elements in the possible plant residue by actual measurement, can calculate) with reference to table one.
f
2Content of elements (can or press table two and convert) in the animal excrements in=the organic matter by actual measurement.
f
3The quantity of the giving property trace element that remains in the soil of=arable land.
f
4The amount (generally low, as can to ignore) of giving property of 6 kinds of trace elements carrying secretly in=the n p k fertilizer because of numbers of poles.
The calculation formula of trace element preparation:
The preparation of the healthy essential 4 kinds of trace elements of second, humans and animals:
1. the title of the healthy essential 4 kinds of trace elements of humans and animals and the normal contents in farm crop are (with the dry-matter restatement, the ppm of unit), cobalt (Co) is 0.02-0.5, selenium (Se) for 0.05-1.5, iodine (I) are 0.037, titanium (Ti) is 1.0, and above data are as the basis of the healthy essential 4 kinds of micro-compound methods of humans and animals.
2. material choice:
A. the principle of material choice is with diformazan raw material principle.
B. raw material that can selection for reference: cobalt (Co) selects cobalt mine tailing (138-228) and phosphoric acid salt (1-1000), selenium (Se) to select phosphorus potash fertilizer (3.6-5.5), iodine (I) to select peat (1.2-317), titanium (Ti) to select phosphate fertilizer (content height).As can be known, cobalt, selenium, titanium have all selected phosphate fertilizer, iodine to select peat from the raw material of selecting, and phosphate fertilizer is that this product adds as major element is a large amount of, and peat adds as organic, so these 4 kinds of trace elements need not add in addition, can satisfy the demand.
3. can these 4 kinds of trace elements be adjusted by diformazan 4 calculation formula, as not meeting the demands, can be by Gong the trace element materials allotment of listing in the table three.
The third, to the preparation of the useful rare earth element of crop growth:
Rare earth element mainly contains lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce) and yttrium, and is useful to crop growth, and their normal contents in farm crop are 0.002-0.057ppm, contains these rare earth elements of q.s in phosphate fertilizer, need not add in addition.
Three, You Jizhi preparation:
1. raw material: the movement of plant residue, people, animal.Can use saprolite, peat soil,, corral underground soil native down to old granary can not be used separately, to the dirts such as useless mud that industrial discharge goes out, can not use (too high because of containing poisonous heavy metal amount) without chemical examination.
2. quantity: the organic matter with pure dried 5-7% adds.
3. after fermenting, doing harmless treatment, pulverize.
Four, the companion of raw material closes:
Variously require ready raw material in proportion, two kinds of raw materials that wherein contain phosphorus and molybdenum are lumped together mix, do not have an organic compound fertilizer production technology processing granulating and forming by existing.
Behind other each raw material mix, by the existing compound fertilizer production technology processing granulating and forming that contains organic matter.
Again with two kinds granulating and forming fertilizer in proportion mix be packaged into bag together.Existing manufacturing technique is no longer had a detailed discussion.